^

Six hundred Copies of this Work were printed at the Private Press of the Editor in igo4-o6 :
Nos. I

131 310 on toned linen-made paper ;

311

IJO on Japanese

Vellum paper ;

600 on deckled-edge paper.

of

Carmarthen
EeproDuceD

&

DiteD

3f,<^tpenogt)rpn t)an0
l&on.

iM.a., $

(^on.

D.

Hitt. (aDxon.)

AVm

a vedrich,

etc

ellich

guna.

latollljelt

9Is(0UfD to &ub0cril)cc0 onl^.

INTRODUCTORY REMARKS.

be Blacft 3Bool^ of
'

Carmartben:
to the writer.

What

does
it.'

it

contain

us

all

about

Of such
is

prose or verse ? Tell a nature are the questions and

?

Is

it

the request

commonly addressed

What

an attempt to satisfy this natural and reasonable curiosity on the part of the many, rather than a critical analysis addressed to the few.
follows, therefore,

The
live

latter

work can be
reach of

better performed
libraries,

within

great

by those who and of fellow-

A solitary man, remote from the centres among mountains, of learning, must be content with inviting his readers to the nearest height, whereon he may show them the
workers in divers branches of research.
living in exile

nature of the country, perhaps name one or two of the more salient features, and gather, as he goes, a few flowerets by the wayside.

Teg yd g4n
Yes,
fair

yr adaren ar berwyS bren. I07'9 Fair the birdie sings on the fragrant bough.
fair his lot
is

listens.

the day, and fair the spot, and What a wealth of suggestion
in the forefront

who

there in that

word fair,

of the poem, while the tuneful

adaren brings a whole world of blossom and new life before our vision, and fills our nostrils with the spring.

vu

It

is

held to be the law of

all literatures

Con^
tents.

that they

must begin with verse, before they go on to prose. The Black Book of Carmarthen is no exception to the It was written by men of Deheubarth, whose rule.
accent

may
the

still

be heard

in

the neighbourhood of

its

Priory of St. John's, founded for Black origin, Canons about the year 1148, at the east end of the

town of Carmarthen.

The

Priory

itself is in

the last

stages of decay; the very names of those who lived within its walls can only be traced now in the Book of

Fate and of the work they did with their hands, there remains but the fragment which makes up the text of this booklet, which was written during the reigns of
;

Henry II., and his sons. Some of the compositions, however, belong to earlier ages. The Dialogues must be placed in this class, but before we examine them, it will be convenient to deal with the contents of our
text, not in the
script,

sequence of the poems in the manubut according to the four main divisions of

the .subject matter, to wit:

Mythology, Theology,

History, and Literature. In the evolution of human thought and beliefs, we must not look for definite
frontier-lines,

and we do not
Its

find

them
is

in the

Black

Book

of Carmarthen.

theology

merged in the older mythology, as is younger is grafted on the older, which ever supplies the sap, and mothers the growth that overshadows it.
:

not infrequently only natural the

Still, for the purpose of our present examination the above divisions are sufficiently distinctive, and they

will

be followed

in the order

named.

viii

BBC.

The Dialogues
historical allusions,

are

full

of mythological and semi-

and

for that reason are often

Dialogues.

very

obscure to the modern mind.

difficulties,

The language
is

offers

but wherever the subject

their

understood the

words yield
lies

meaning

readily.

the subject itself, as a rule. in the book, the dialogue between MyrSin and Taliessin, is an illustration in The subject is the Battle point.
in

The real difficulty The first poem in

of ArvderyS,

in

which Maelgwn and

his

men

took,

apparently, a decisive part: other names are singled out for special mention to posterity, but the facts of

unknown, and they have for their epitaph 'The path of Glory leads but to the grave.' The chronicler is too brief: '573 Annus. Bellum Armterid,' and the curtain falls. Our text however adds
their lives are
:

Seith ugein haelon

aethan yngwllon

Seven score generosi went into the shades

6-9 in

ynghoed CelySon.

CelySon wood.

These lines remind us of the words of Procopius, a Greek writer of the sixth century In the island of
'
:

Britain
soil

men

of ancient time built a long wall

sides.'

....

and men are not alike on both

the
air
is

On
and

one side
all

of the wall
temperate.
flourish.

wholesome, and
corn,
tree

the seasons
fruit,

and
is

Vipers kinds of wild beasts 'infect the place, and what most strange, the natives affirm that if any one
all

Man and beast, On the other side

'all is different.'

passing the wall should proceed to the other side, he

I 'Annates Cambric.' A later MS. adds: [inter filios Elifer et Guendoleu tilium Keidiau; in quo bello Guendoleu cecidit: Merlinus insanus eflfectus est.] Cp. Seith meib Eliffer. B.B.C., 58

B.B.C.

ix

^ DiaIwrues

towards the north

when he has reached

his destination,

^^ takes counsel of

Gwyn

and Gwythyr.'7

At another

time these two had a serious quarrel over CreiSilad,8 'the most majestic of the maids of the island of
Britain.' 5

Gwyn had
of

in

fact

day Gwythyr, who in hot haste gathered a host, and sought to rescue his lady. Gwyn however promptly beat him,

the very

her introduction

run away with her on to the home of

and put his chief followers in prison. He even put one of them to death, extracted his heart, and caused the dead man's son to eat it. When Arthur heard of
this

he again

'

comes as

far as the north'

he summons

Gwyn before him, releases the prisoners, and establishes a truce between the two lovers. He also restores
her father's home, there to live apart and Gwythyr, whom he sentences to fight Gwyn each other every Kalends of May, till one or other He who wins, on this their 'doom's day,' prevails.
CreiSilad
to

from

takes

the

maid.

Having thus
it is

settled

the quarrel

Arthur goes to ILydaw. '

In another
connection
said

he could not be spared from his own place.' But in case he could be spared he must be mounted on Ebony, the horse of Moro
his life;" that
Testament. The Rabbins call it the " door of hell." 3$ iR.B. Mab., 141-28. SCreurdilad in our text. She was the daughter ol Llud and appears in English as Cordelia, the daughter of King Lear. 5K <) R.B. Mab., ixyi. 'oH.B. Mab., 134; ii3'5. JK nib. I24'24. The above rendering differs from preceding versions. The theology here is not Pagan but Pauline : The la^ enemy that shall be destroyed is death, i Corinthians xv'26.
refuse of all sorts, where it was burnt. At one end of it was Tophet where infant sacrifice to the fire-gods took place. This is the Gehenna of the New

endowed Gwyn with the Annwn, before destroying

activity

'God had of the demons of

that

xii

B.B.C.

Orwy8awg,'2 before he could take part in the hunt of the Boar Trwyth.'S In the account of the hunt when the
boar was
lost

between the mouth of the

Towy

and the

Tawh, we are told that Arthur summoned Gwyn to him, and asked if he knew anything of the missing Trwyth.'4 This is the one instance in the Kulhwch,

where
Severn

Gwyn
Sea,
4

appears

in the east,

on the borders of the

which
the

associated

with

girdles Gower, another region which extended spirit world,

territory of

beyond and included the ancient

the

Annwn

of the

Mabinogi
is

of Pwyll.

the land of enchantment was also in

Dyved, Gwlad yr hud, Dyved, and Gwyn

has told us that he

called

'

the enchanter.'

Thus we
spirit

see that one set of

documents places the

What

world in the north, and another in the south. is the In the sixth century explanation, if any ?

the several branches of the Keltic family in Britain occupied districts so widely separated as Strathclyde
in the north, the country west of the Severn

and the

Dee, ^5 and the south-west corner of England. branch had its own region of the departed

Every
spirits.

When KuneSa
south,

and

his

Strathclyde

followers

moved

and

settled in Wales, they

brought their theology

with them.
the north
it

Whenever,
is

therefore,

Annwn

is

placed in

safe to attribute the authorship to a

descendant of the Strathclyde Britons. By degrees, as the northern immigrants became absorbed in the
13

Moro
The

oirruedauc
i.e.

is

the

MS.

reading,

suggest that
12^-27.

orwyaawg,
IS

Moro/fe^raoOT.

nR.B. Mab.,

5K

we read Moro uW., 139-8.

:

Welsh place-names
B.B.C.

Kelts occupied also the western coast from the Solway to the Dee. like Penwortham, near Preston, survive still.

^iii

southern

inhabitants,

Keltic theology

got

mixed, as

and conflicting allusions meet theologies are apt to do, logues. and more, as our authorities grow later and us more
later,
till
:

we

are forced at last to cry out with the

est.

faithful

credo, quia impossibile

Of

the hound Dormarch'^

at

we have

a pictorial repre-

sentation
bodiless

Cerberus was a the foot of page 97. with a serpent's tail. three-headed monster,
differs in

Dormarch
head.

having two front

is

legs,

and but one

His body, however,

tail,

attenuated into a sort of

forked

terminating

in

fan-like ends.

An

animal

of this description

was not adapted

to run along the

moved ar wybir, ground, and our text informs us that he i.e. rode on the clouds which haunt mountain-tops.'7
The scribe 16 The form and meaning of the dog's name are uncertain. wrote Dorma>-ch twice, but the r has been erased, probably by a later hand. Death's door.' Prof. Rhys suggests Dor-mar/h, which he interprets as Marth, however, occurs in other places where the sense death is impossible. Mach, the amended syllable, means 'a bail, a surety.' Welsh tradition seems to follow the Latin Cerberus, while early Christian In the tenth art borrows its symbols from Jonah and the whale. bodiless open-mouth of a century Caedmon MS., Infernus is depicted by the marine monster, with two tusks the Devil lies on his back across this mouth, with his neck chained to the tusk of the lower jaw, and his clawed
'

'

'

hands

Coombe Church,

In a fresco, uncovered some years ago, in Oxfordshire, 'the jaws of death' resemble the gaping mouth of the sperm whale. This reminded me of the expression ymwlch savan ki, in the opening of the dog's jaw, a phrase current in ray native of the dying. When a dog uttered a place, forty years ago, when speaking dismal cry, half-howl half-whine, at dead of night, it was held to prognostito that of the upper.

cate death in the neighbourhood.

17 The word wyHr according to Prof. Rhys, is merely the Welsh form of the Latin vapor. This vapour is not diffused mist, but a condensed floating white cloud, which is called Nuien in S. Cardiganshire. In cold weather, Mar nuben yn cravangu yn to claw one's vitals this NuSen is said with ymrest .' Whether the word is a derivative of NuS, or is unconnected
'
'

it,

leave others to decide.

It is

enough

for

our present purpose to point

is

out that this

nu^n
is

which the hound

serves as a garment for said to move.

Gwyn, and

the vehicle in

xiv

^^*--

find a remarkable survival of this tradition in 1813. As Thomas Andrew was coming towards home one night, with Cwn some persons with him, he heard, as he thought, the sound of wybir hunting he was afraid it was some person hunting the sheep, so he hastened on to meet and hinder them he heard them coming towards him, though he saw them not when they came near him their voices were but small, but increasing as they went from him whereby he knew they were what are called cwn wybir, but in the inward part of Wales cwn annwn. I have heard say that
: : :

We

these Spiritual Hunting Dogs have been heard to pass by the eves of several houses before the death of some one in the family.'^ An acquaintance of mine, a man perfectly firm to tell the truth,

being out at night heard a hunting in the air, and as if they overtook something which they hunted after, and befng overtaken made a miserable cry among them, and seemed to escape but overtaken again, made the same dismal cry and again escaped.'' Before the light of the Gospel prevailed, there were in Car; ;

marthenshire and elsewhere often heard before burials what by called Cwn Annwn ; by others Cwn bendithy Mammeu (Dogs of the Fairies) and by some Cwn wybir. The nearer they were . . the less their voice was, like that of small beagles and the farther the louder and sometimes like the voice of a great hound sounding among them .... a deep hollow voice.'9 [As] Mr. D. W., of Pembrokeshire, a man far from superstition, was travelling by himself through a field, called the Cot-moor, where two stones are set up, called the Devil's Nags, at some distance from each other, where evil spirits are said to haunt and

some were
.

trouble passengers, he was thrown over the hedge, and was never well afterwards. Mr. W. went with a strong fighting mastiff with

but suddenly he saw another mastiff dog coming towards He thought to set his own dog at it, but his dog seemed to be much frightened, and would not go near it. Mr. W. then stooped down to take up a stone, thinking to throw at it ; but
;

him

him.

suddenly there came a

fire

round

it,

so that he could percieve

it

had a white
grinning at

and a white snip down his nose, and saw his teeth him he then knew it was one of the Infernal Dogs.=
tail
;

^iA

relation of the
p.

the Principality of Wales,

(Newport, 1813).

Apparition of Spirits in the County of Monmouth and by the late Rev. Edmund Jones of the Tranch. 20 ii. p. 70-71. 19(1}. p. 82. & Ps. xxir2o.' 38-9.
'

'

'

XV

Dialogues

In the third dialogue two horsemen meet; the one, with his white dogs and loud horns, is going to Dinas; the

Hi

who is riding to Aber, is the first to speak do not know you, though I have seen you before. You look like a prosperous It is true you have not seen me daily. man how far are you going, and from where are you coming ? I go I come from Caer Seon, from fighting with Jews, Ihewon to the Caer of Lieu and Gwydion. Go rather along with me to Dinas I will give you purified"' mead and gold. Come to my dale, and I will give you sparkling wine. I really do not know the man who repeatedly invites me to his home, and withal speaks so fair and pleasant.
other,
I
:
: :

My name is Ugnach, the son of Mydno. Ugnach blessings on thy GorseS. Grace and honour be And I am Taliessin. I will repay thee thy hospitality.
!

thine.

men, i/te challenger in the conflict of song, Wednesday. Ugnach you are most hospitable. Grace be yours in the kingdom of the Most High blame me not I cannot stay. 101-2. That is the sense of the poem, which is full of
Taliessin, chief of
till

abide here

a suggestive matter. Space, however, forbids more than few passing remarks. The story of Taliessin contending with the bards in the court of Maelgwn GwyneS is known
to all readers of

Lady

Charlotte Guest's Mabinogion."

'

We have clearly a reference to the same tradition here, in the kerh gyvergyr''^ of our text, where Taliessin chief
of bards,' appears as chief of men.' Thus the xvith century Hams" is confirmed by our xiith century manuscript, which adds a further particular in its reference to the
'

conflict with Jews,

conflict not
is

for the

good reason that the text

mentioned elsewhere, corrupt. Copyists were

cloth.

careless: they misread their originals, and not infrequently

21 1

read 'ry phe!llas'

22 Vol. Ui.,

pages 321

389 contain Hanes Taliessin.

= strained,

by being passed through a coarse

5^ 23 B.B.C., I02'ii.

xvi

^^*--

made deliberate alterations.24 Whenever, therefore, a Kerddword occurs wildly out of harmony with the context, orion it is necessary to examine it carefully. Ihewon is such a word here. It is wholly foreign to the tradition embodied in the poem, which requires cerhorion''^. Read Ban 8euav o Gaer Seon, I come from Caer Seon, O ymlad a cherborion; From contesting with the bards'''': YS av Gaer Leu a Gwydion. I go to Caer Leu a Gwydion. How then came ISewon to be foisted into the text ?
:

'

'

Quite naturally. The scribe was, as proved by his orthography, a native of Carmarthen, or of the near neighbourhood of its Priory. He was therefore unlikely to

know

that

'

Caer Seon

'

was an actual

place,
in the

near the modern town of Carnarvon.^*

'

And

if,
'

nineteenth century, Seon could only suggest

Zion, or

Jerusalem be the case

to

Skene," how much more was it likely to with a man engaged in copying the poem

at the very time the Crusades were preached.

Under
'

the circumstances
=4 See Paleographical
25

it

was quite natural that the

'

fight

Note 46 '2

see Index. That it is the right word here by a poem on the subject in Panton MS. 37: 'A phan 5el yr amrysson, YngwyS y Teyrnon, A gwys ir ceriorion, Am gerS gywir gysson, Yn llys meibon Deuon, YnghyueS Gwion.' The last line can not be right. Cp. Hanes Taliessin, p. 335. =6The geography of the poem is on the sea-board lying between Carnarvon and Clynog. There is a Dinas on the banks of the Gwrvei, near y Bont NewyS in the parish of Llan Wnda, on the road from Caer Seon in Arvon to Dinas Dinlleu, which suggests itself as the Caer Leu a Gwydion. But we must not overlook another Dinas on the banks of the Llyvni, nor the old

Kertorion occurs

six times,

is

further supported

encampment, a quarter of a mile distant, on Lleuer Farm beyond Bryn Gwydion, on the left of the road to Clynog. Ugnach remains as unknown to us as he was to Taliessin when first he met him there is a GorseS still, however, in the parish of Llan Dwrog. Cp. 'Mi a fum ynghaer Wydion, ger gorseS Deon.' Cp. 'Deon' with 'Deuon' of note 25: note also 'Mia fum yn llys Don cyn geni Gwydion.' See Hanes Taliessin. p. 339.
;

27

Four Ancient Books of Wales,

vol.

ii.,

p. 352.

B.B.C.

xvii

should be with Ihewon.

Dialogues

of syllables as kerhorion,
besides a touch of
life

The word had the same number and rhymed just as well it gave and actuality to the composition.
;

In the fourth
iv
his

dialogue
to

Taliessin salutes apparently

by name, whose first him who angers a Gwledig if he Taliessin relates how he had burnt please him not.' a church, done a certain injury to a school, and defather
is

confessor, Yscolan
'

remark

Woe

stroyed a
'

roll

of religious music.^^

Consequently

his

penance and affliction were heavy. For a full year I was placed in a coracle''' on the pole of a weir. If I had Consider my suffering from sea worms. known what I know I should not have done what I did.'
Yscolan observes
' :

Creator of

all things,

thy treasures

are most plenteous, Forgive

betrayed thee has deceived

me my me too.'

falsehood,

He who

817-9

page 94 we have a fifth dialogue, full of Keltic mythology, between Arthur and Glewlwyd Gavaelvawr.

On

Who Who Who

I

the porter? Glewlwyd Gavaelvawr. the man who asks ? Arthur and Kay the blessed. go with you ? The best men in the world.
is

is

To my

house you

will

shall deliver them,

and you

not come, unless you can deliver [them]. will see it.

Then follows a monologue on who tells the tale of Kay's heroic

For 'a Uyuir xod y vo/i' ^ymangor ar bawl gored,
28

the part of Arthur,

deeds.s"
i

propose to read: 'a llyvyr ro/ vo/i.' Si'ii. JSan-gor =' the upper row of rods, thicker than the rest, in a wattle fence.' Silvan Evans. Taliessin is placed in, not on ('ar') a ban-gor, but whether in a coracle, or in some other kind of wattle-frame is not clear, except that it is on a pole.' Perhaps a sort of lacustrine dwelling is meant. 30 The matter of this poem, which is incomplete, is found in fuller detail in the Romance of Kulhwch and Olwen. We shall return to the subject in the forthcoming ediiio princeps of The White Book Mabinogion.
8i'6,
I
'

xviii

B.B.C.

//.

RELIGION AND THEOLOGY.

rather

There are a good many poems of the religious, than of the theological order. These reflect

j^^^^

their monastic origin, just as the

modern
awdl

aivdl of the
It

chaired bard 3" reflects his

little

Sunday sermons.
of

matters
be,

what the subject

is

the

may

the

treatment

nearly

King Arthur and

EisteSvodic

his

always didactic. Quite recently knights were converted by the

respectable chapel-goers, and seated with the elders under the pulpit.'" Our bards,

muse

into

while remembering that there is no antagonism between religion and art, should realize that literature has

nothing in common with theology, and that theology The sense of awe, of reverence, of is not religion.
love, is the inspiration of art

and of the

religious

life,

which ever tend to bind men together in all that worthy and great. On the other hand, theology
at
best,

is
is

nothing but a speculative attempt to make intelligible this sense which is in the blood of all;
it

while ordinarily intelligence, but

divisions

is

a blind

tradition,

bankrupt in
for

and

all

creating capacity It is this traditional uncharitableness.

with a vast

theology
literature,

which

chokes

the

life

of

modern Welsh

and makes it so inane. Happily, this has When the Black Book of not always been the case. Carmarthen was written the Church was one. Apparhad no theologians to divide the energies and Its priesthood laid embitter the relations of men.
ently
it
31 The winner of the chief prize at the EisteSvod is, with hardly an S? 32 Words to this effect were uttered on the exception, always a cleric. platform of the National EisteSvod by its most competent adjudicator.

B.B.c.

xix

ReUgion

on the worship of God, a clean life, church First comes worship observance, and church support
stress
:

GogoneSawc arglwyd, hanpych gwell

Glorious God,
!

ath vendicco di eglwys a changell. 35*1 we hail Thee Let church and chancel praise Thee.

In this Beneduite omnia opera of the Welsh Catholic Church faith is exultant Plain and precipice, fish and

beast birds and bees,

air

and sky, the fountains of

the deep and of the firmament, night and day, sun,

Abraiham, Moses and Aaron, letters, literature and man, the living and the dead, time and
stars,

moon and

eternity

all

bless the Lord. Seepages 35-36.

break of day Croes Crist yn wise am danav. The Cross of Christ 111 wear alway. Gwiscav am danav yn berth, I will wear it seemly well, Nis credav goel can nid certh Tis to me no fabled spell Y gwr ym crewys am nerth. In my Maker do I dwell %7r\-y
:

Cyntav gair a Jywedav, Y bore ban gyvodav

Ever the

first

thing

say,
:

When

rise at

And

'

again

his gift,

and

his gifted

seek the protection of God, certain is am I.' 78- 1 Nowhere is there

doubt or uncertainty; nowhere perplexity, sadness or The outlook is hopeful, bright and sunny. despair.
highway, but no gloom mantles the brow, no cant affects the voice. It is a sin to whine and be glum, because the
Pain and sorrow

may

cast

shadows on

life's

The mighty God

Ky\-oethog

Dduw ...

created the light of gladness. a beris Ueuver llawenyi. 88'4

The ethical teaching of

but
it

the text

is felt

throughout,

nowhere agressively preached. We are urged to Respect the law of the maker of heaven,' 227, for The perfect God did not create us To work foolishness, nor deceit, nor oppression. 86' 10 Nid CT ym crewys Dews difiSeis, r gwneathar amhwyil, na thwyll, na thrais.
is
'

XX

B.B.C

The only

safety lies in doing no wrong, because

'

all

imEthics
. .

purity must be winnowed' 84-12. 'Yea, woe unto thee thou be not delivered from the evil thou hast done.'

if

19-5

Ymryn, ynhyno, yn ynysseS

mor,
33" 1
1

Ymhob
Rhag
'

fforS

Crist

gwyn

yd elher, nid oes ynialeS.

isles

Nor mountains, nor

all

valleys, nor

of the sea,

no,
can

nor

the paths which

men make

in the wilderness

provide an escape from the pure eye of Christ,' the judge of the quick and the dead. Hence the prayer for reconciliation, for a timely reformation and reparation Teymvron, let us make peace, deny me not
:

Let us set right the wrong we have done. Before I go beneath the sod, to my green grave, Into the darkness, without light to my tumulus,
Into

my

narrow abode, to

my

destiny, to

my

rest.

30"4

There is one reference, 41 i, to expiatory sacrifice, but nowhere a hint of purgatory, nor of that 'other place''* to which warm-hearted men consign those who are too
honest to profess belief in every tradition of the past. The nobler faith is centred everywhere, nor cares to fix
'

the wrong-doing, not the wrongthinking which darkens the horizon in the West. The church of the twelfth century^' thought with Emerson
itself to

form.'

It

is

that

'

the deed and not the creed

It

utmost need.'
justice

helps us in our therefore busied itself with the in.

. .

of

man

to

man.

vu

treis tranghyssant.

21-5

'The oppressors have perished,' have, seemingly, been blotted out of the book of life. There is poetical
justice in this doctrine.
j4See however,
25'4-6.
It is

Men who
on pp.
84-5.

use the

gift

of

life,

poUoet an-lan, who of the church is broadly

not the heretics, but the unclean people, have a fiery experience of some kind. 35 The creed

set forth

B.B.C.

xxi

to

make

the lives of others a burden to them, do not

gift

^*'"

deserve to have that

class of

renewed.

There
70-4.

is

another

men: Direid

nev, direid daear,

Wastrels

These are incapable of and growth, unemployed and unemployable here, change and therefore condemned to linger on for ever in the
of heaven, wastrels of earth.
3* corridors of time, leading a useless, aimless, existence. Not so the fate of the industrious. Dyn dyval i ffawd

Ni

ervill

gospawd, i8-ii.

'The man of

diligent nature

no punishment': he is 'the good and faithful He servant' who has 'worked out his own salvation.'
will receive

hears, not the ecclesiastic's Well-believed, but his Master's

Well-done,

and he enters
8yn
'n
i

Kyvoethog

into the joy of the Lord. Dduw a veS 8eheu vucheS. 25"2
life is in

'The mighty God owns the man whose

EccleS'
lasti-

the right.'

Still,those who neglect

church observances are reproached: Ni cheuntosti bader, Na phylgeint na gosper. 2r8. Ni phercheisti greireu, Na Hoc, na Uanneu. 22'4.
hast not sung a Paternoster, nor Prime, nor Evensong hast not reverenced relics, nor altar, nor churches
. .

cism

Thou Thou

However, By

'

rising at

dawn, waking

at midnight,

and imploring

the saints, every Christian obtains forgiveness.'

85 '3

And
Pa

yet,

to the

man who

mark the questions and the threat addressed has not endowed the church.

roSeisti oth reuveS What didst thou give of thy store Before thy association with the grave? Kyn cywes argel ? Pa roSeisti oth olud What didst thou give of thy gold Before the silence of dissolution ? 20'6. Kyn mwyll moll mud ? Gwae a grawn mawr vertheS, Woe to whoso gathers treasure, If he endow not his Lord. 3r2-4 Ac onys gwaSawl y Rie8.
36

This

is

Doomed o'er that dreary realm alone To go, Nor friend shall soothe, nor parent own The
xxii

evidently an old idea.

Cp. the following lines from Sappho shunn'd by the gentler shades, Child of Sloth. Trans, by R. B.
:

^-^-C-

///.

HISTORICAL.

Among the latest compositions of the Black Book Bed' of Carmarthen are the Bedweni, the Avalleneu and the went Hoianeu. All three poems have the same device of repeating a catch-phrase at the beginning of every verse. These phrases are possibly an echo of some notorious
event." For instance, the murderers of Thomas-a-Becket
' '

were seen armed under an apple

it is

that Avallen beren bir

tragic tales.

To

tree.^^ Hence, perhaps, changeu shadows so many clothe these tales would be to write

history of half a century and more, which, were the writer competent, could. not be done in a

the

Welsh

a general introduction. Some verses contain, besides, a of allusion to a remoter past, and yield background
their secret with
therefore,
secrets.
is

much
glance

reserve.

All that

is

practical,

to

at

some of the more open

And

first

come

the verses of the Birch-tree in

the valley of the Wye,^' on Pymlumon, and in Dinvythwy.* They deal with incidents in the life of

Cadwaladr, the son of Griffith ap Kynan who, with his brother Owein, harried the Norman parasites with Blessed is the Birch-tree on persistence and success.
'

Pymlumon' when
37

it

looks down,

in

Compare
York
i

38 F.

See Bruts, 3127. Jg The young men, gweison gleison, of 475 are Kadwaladr and Owein. 5f$ Myneich . )m varchogion. Gr. ap Kynan became a monk. See Bruts, 3io'24. Y vedwen yngwarthav Din Vythwy A wybyS ban vo y gad yn Ardud40 wy, 47"ti. Howel ap O. GwyneJ returned from the sacking of Gwis Castle,
in 1143.
. .

39Syrth both a second time,

the recent public incident On the Knee. Powell's History of England, p. 97, (1885). chengeu bob un, bob dwy, 472. Elvel

1136,

on Rhyd

and MaelenyS

fell,

Kadwaladr, in his castle in Kynvael in ArHis direct route would be through BwUk y Vedwen, the Pass of the Birch tree, which lies to the east of X>[as] Vow^y. See Bruts, 314-15.

in 1146, to besiege his uncle,

dudwy.

xxiii

jf

Vochnwy, the ferry across the Dyvi, and sees the some mailed Normans and their alhes vanquished, killed, some drowned, and the remnant dispersed.''" The fragrant Apple-tree verses open with a reference

'

-eneu to

'

The

very gory blades, which cause rejoicing in England.' event which best illustrates this is the signal

defeat and death of the formidable prince, Rhys ab Tewdwr, in 1090. But the Brut does not locate the
It only place 'in Breconshire' where this happened. mentions Bachwy once, where we are told that the

Robert and Alexander, 'proceeded against the chief of Bachwy.' This date is too late. We know, however, that Elvel fell into the hands of Robert of Belesme, the lord of Brecon,
King's son
in law,

and son

and that the

Elvel.
It lies

'valley of

Machawy'
is

or

Bachwy

is

in

between Pain's Castle and the Castle of

;

the Black

Rock

the probability

great that

more

than one battle was fought in the valley which divides

vague we should expect the bard of the house of Dinevor to be The bard is also clearly antithetical. To-day precise.
these two castles.

Where

the chronicler

is

England

is

full

of rejoicing, but to-morrow the

Kymry

shout of triumph. 'The Saxons will be slaughtered by the ashen spears, and their sundered
will raise the

heads

will serve as balls to

play with.

youth

will

arise at the

head of the South.'

This youth

is Griffith,

the young son of the fallen Rhys ap Tewdwr. 41 See Briits, 309-ro. Among other historical references are 47'i6 Arbenigawl Men = Kadwaladr. See p. xxvii, 2-6 below.
;

He

48'1

Bruts, 311

G'mX^gentes nigrae, i.e. Danes. They are called Germanivyr in the Germanwyr '32-3, where the reference in the text is explained. came apparently from Llwch Gannon' in Ireland. See Bruts 326'i2.
'

xxiv

B.B.C.

For about two years he lives quietly among his friends and relatives, growing in favour every day in his father's old territory. This makes the King apprehensive, and the voice of slander poisons his mind against young Griffith, who, upon hearing of it, seeks and obtains the
returns from his exile in Ireland in 1112.

^^^^^

protection of Griffith ap Kynan. demands the fugitive to be sent to

Henry promptly
him
alive; if that

be not possible, then

let

him 'be

slain,

and

his

head'

sent to England. Griffith makes good his escape, & reaches the sanctuary of the church at Aber Daron
;

thence by water to Ystrat Towy, where the people flock to his standard. Griffith at once takes the offensive and, with varying success, attacks one

he

flees

castle after another in the counties of

Carmarthen and

then crosses the Teivi, and inflicts dire punishment on the garrison at Blaen Forth. While returning to his base in ILan Goedmor parish, near

Pembroke.

He

Cardigan, he meets the Saxons

in

force

near Crug

In the intoxipractically annihilates them. cation of victory it is remembered that the King had

Mawr, and

demanded

wonder then
'

the head of the triumphant leader: small if the Welsh warriors cut off the heads
slain,

of the Saxon
balls,'

tossing

them

to

and
'

fro as so

with some grim

' !

and

this

This for the King, jest, English rulers delighted to practise such
such as

many

barbarism on the bodies of Welsh princes, and it is only natural that the bad example should be followed.

There

is

no reason to doubt that the bard

is

a faithful

histo/ian in this particular.

B.B.C.

See Bruts, pages 294-96, 298.

XXV

Hoianeu

verses beginning Hoian o Barchellan, Hush-a-bye The order, in which they Piggie, are purely narrative.

The

are written in the manuscript, is not the order of the events chronicled, which range between 1135 and 1215, except 52-9-14, which refers to the success of the Kymry

place of that name, some miles from Acornbury in the county of Hereford, was 'laid waste' by the Welsh in 1055. There flourished
'

as far as

Aber

Taradr.'

about that time RhySerch''' 'ap Caradog in Deheubarth,

and ILywelyn ap Cadwgan

in

GwyneS.'

Bruts, 268-9.
is

587-16. This alludes to the devastating expeditions of 1135-36, made south of the Dyvi by Owein GwyneS, and his brother
verse, in the order of time,

The next

Cadwaladr, sons of Griffith ap Kynan.

destroyed the castles belonging to
fearing the loss of everthing,
i.e.

Later,

Owein

his

brother, who,

summoned

the Northmen,

however a blow had been

Before the Danes, from Dublin to succour him. the followers of the struck,
princes, deu briodawr,*^ intervened.
in conference,
'

two met

The

brothers

and made

a peace,

peace worthy of

the plaudits of Kymry's armed forces, because it prevented lawlessness and suffering, hosting and thefts.'''''

Owein

figures

again at

6o-i-6,

where we have a

summary The Coed

of

Henry

H.'s incursion into

Wales

in 1156.

dangerous pass of Euloe near Hawarden, and the narrow defile of ConWood, The sillt Wood, near Flint Castle, either or both.*'
llwyvein refer to the

English forces were severely punished, in the one and

42

43

The text always adds hael, but everywhere the metre demands its omission. Vox Kynan Kadwaladir, read; Owein, Kadwaladir. "Wyron yswein.'
JK
44 /i.
,

See

j5ra<i, 311-28-29.

pp. 309-312.

5K

45

See 5ra<j pages 318-19.

xxvi

B.B.C.

the other.

The English

fleet also suffered

peace was established aaeu between the opponents, Cadwaladr, who had obtained possession of Anglesey in 1151, but had soon after fled to England, was re-established in his island, and 'the

hands of the men of Mon.

When

heavily at the Hoi-

Saxons disappeared from the territories of Britain.' We meet with the English King later at 54-1-10.

In

consequence of Richard Strongbow's conquest of Ireland, the 'fifth King from Normandy' visits the

unhappy
'

isle.

On

his

way

to the shrine of St.

thither he makes a pilgrimage David on Michaelmas day, 1172.'

And

prophesy that

trouble
:

will

come from the

the country will know it' There is a second prophesy at 62-12-16. 'After Henry, the King ivho is no king, a troublesome world there will This brenhin na vrenhin is Henry II.'s son Henry, be.'
quarrels of father and son

who was crowned king

at

at

Westminster

in

170,

and again

Winchester
title,

the

power, however, accompanied nor even a worthy allowance of funds

1 1

in

7 2.

No

nothing but the empty name accurately defined by our All readers of history know the conflicts between poet.
father

and son

in 1173-74,

between the father and Richard.

and again, after Henry's death, See Bruts, 328-29.

The Youngster with

the great arm,

y Bychan

breichvras

of 62-1, answers to Meredith ap Griffith, who proved himself so skilled a leader against the sudden attack of

Carmarthen Castle by the Norman and Flemish

of Pembrokeshire
'kynn bei bychan
in
in

settlers

1145. Though young y oet,' he matched himself successfully personal combat against tried veterans, and heartened
B.B.C.

in years,

xxvii

his followers to the

Hoi-

lead aaeu enemy,

degree of enthusiasm. When the the sons of Gerald ( ? 'the two Judases in by

their land-hunger') perceived

how few men were

inside

Meredith, having this, promptly precipitated the ladders, as well permitted SA those who had mounted them, into the ditch below.

the castle,

they scaled the walls.

Many

were the

slain,

and

swift the flight of those

who

made good

their escape.

See

Bn^/s, 313-1-23.

In the north

we meet with Wales's

who were
in

ILywelyn ap Jorwerth, 'summoning his kinsmen, to arm and make war upon Gwenwynwyn, the prince of Powys.' This took place
I202,

greatest general, the other princes,

will

The words of our text, S7'3-4, are; 'There come ... a day of wrath between the prince of

Powys and

the clan of GwyneS.' See Bru/s, 343"23. Six years later, we find the Earl of Chester pitching
i.e.

his tents in the land of the Etheling,

and building Dyganwy.

fled to the fastness

And

in

12 10

y BerveS-w/ad, King John

follows a similar route in pursuit of ILywelyn,

who

has

of Snowdon. Baffled and angry the King orders the burning of Bangor, thus incurring the
its

wrath of Deiniol,

patron saint. See Bruis,

345-47.

We
the

close with the year 1215,

when 'ILywelyn and

Carmarthen.'

Welsh princes generally collect in a vast host at Among them are Rhys & Owein ap Griffith

the two whelps, deu keneu,

their
weli,

common

territory.

who share the government of The castles of SenghenyS, KidSt. Clare,

Carmarthen, ILan Stephan,

Laugharne,

Fishguard, Cardigan and Kilgerran, were taken, and the Saxon slain in the 'confluences of war,' 57-8. See Bruis,2S4XXVlll
B.B.C.

LITERATURE.
It
is

common assumption

that there

is

nothing
of in-

worthy of the of Carmarthen,

terest to

nothingf that
is

name

of Literature in the Black Bool<

is

intelligible, or

any one who

not a pedant, or a philologist.

assumption could be farther removed from the fact, unless by literature be meant the Drama. The Welsh

No

muse has, at no Welsh pulpit has

talent

period,

been dramatic, because the

enlisted in its service all the dramatic

sermon

and power produced in Wales. The Welsh is often built on the lines of the drama, and no

country has ever bred better exponents of the dramatic art.4S But if by Literature be meant that witchery over

words and ideas which charms the mind, kindles the emotion, ennobles the motive, and gives eyes to see and understand what was never realized before, then there
is

Literature,

and good

literature too, in the

Black Book.

The better Welsh poets have ever lived in the closest communion with nature, and none knew better that the
wind bloweth where
their mel varZoni, their
it

listeth.

They
cain,

delight us with
'

mer gerheu
;

and lead us where

fields
;

the white clover blows

where the dew pearls the

where the minstrels are in constant harmony.' Man y mae meillon, a gwlith ar dirion, Man y mae cerSorion ynghyweir gysson. 26'3
cannot imagine how the Welsh can stand two or three 46 English people sermons running, and that twice, or even thrice in the same day' as at a Sassiwn. If they were English sermons neither could I. The dramatic element and the concrete method make all the difference. An Englishman can sit for hours at a theatre. I have tried the theatre, and I have tried the Sassiwn, and I prefer the Sassiwn it is more dramatic, and has, at its best, far better matter than the modern drama.
'

^^^-

xxix

Liter-

ature

Their soothing praise, molawd esmwyth, wakes music small the difference.' i3'3 unto a golden organ
'

like

They
fair as

Musig a gin, mal eur orian, 'see visions in the night

the

min wahanieth.

and a maiden
shore.' 7-9

wave broken upon the pebbled

Breu8wyd a welwn ... a bun deg liw gwaneg gro.

To them

'the Spring is the choicest season, with its chirming of birds and green shoots the plows are in the furrow, the oxen yoked, and the face of the fields
:

calls in the leafy

present a variety of colours .... when the cuckoo branches of the trees.' 33" i
Kynhevin, ceinhav amser
;

Dyar

adar, glas calleS

Ereidr yn rhych, ych yngweS ; GvvyrS mor, brithottor tireS ; Ban ganhont gogeu ar vlaen gwyS gwiw.

Who

that has once read the ode to winter can ever

forget it?

Not he who has experience of the moods

hill

of the elements on

and
if

dale,

and has watched the

:

heaving

sea,

not especially

he can say with the bard

ar y vron.

Adeileis dy vry

The

very

first lines

cause us instinctively to button our

:

coats, put up our collars and prepare to run Llym awel, llwm bryn
;

Anhaw8

caffel clyd

....
8g'i-4

BraiS allan orsevir.

'Keen
to find

is
.

the breeze, and bare the hill; shelter is hard scarce out can man remain.' The cold
.

'The dust eddies, the very marrow. the trees with tumultuous arms swing tempest grows, wildly in the woods, the ship scuds with bare poles at
penetrates
the
sea, the gull rides the surf,

wave upon wave thunders

B.B.C.

XXX

upon the shore, and the hills echo the resounding roar.' the day shortens, the night lengthens, the dew Again bees live in confinement, birds grow mute, the ceases, ox is stalled, red grows the dawn, dark the sea, and
'
:

Liter-

ature

the ford again is roughened, the lake is frozen, the cotton grass withers, the feeble perish, snow mantles hill and dale, the stag hunches his back and seeks the glen, the warriors quit
lea.'
:

mountain tempests flood the

And

'

the

field,

and

idle lies the shield

beautiful

is

the shield

on the shoulder of the

brave.'

is

a picture of the extreme severity of the weather conjured by the slow-moving couplet: gi-io
Briwhid
tal

What

glann

Gan garw

culgrwtn cam.

grown up wandering with melancholy step, over the frozen snow-covered ground in search of drink, till he comes to a place where the stream runs swift there in his effort to reach the water the bank crumbles beneath his hoof, and he has hardly the strength to
stag,

Behold the

lean with hard fare, doubled

by want and

cold,

'

'

Who that has witnessed a scene of regain his footing. the kind can ever forget the pathos of it.
The ode has many such
touches,

and the whole

deserves to be rendered into English by a poet familiar with the bleak places of the earth. What is translated

above

is merely a summ.ary of the sense of selected without adhering to the order of the original. lines, It is doubtful if the poem, as we have it, can be a

Coherent whole, because the subject of winter appears fitfully in the latter part, where we have instead what

appears to be a Dialogue,

in

which the persons and the

XXXI

allusions

are

equally
likely,
?

obscure.

If

Pelis

be a proper

*"'
ature

name, as seems
history

who

is

of

Mwngc

Wherefore,

he? And what is the and when did this

'a cudgelling to the ill-tempered stranger administer who was the first to bridle gallant chieftain, MechyS, are told that this tamer of horses was the horse.'

We

son of Llywarch hen, but little else. So that we are in the position of Drudwas, who does not understand,' 937.
'

have also an englyn, withering in its sarcasm, which has no perceptible connection with its setting. Nid wyd scolheig, nid wyd eleig, unben
Nith elwir ynyS rhaid
! :

We

Och GinSilig na buost wraig. Thou art neither scholar nor hermit, nor
: !

chieftain

Wilt iAou be in the day of stress thou wert not a woman born. Alas, KinSilig

Many

of the poems, quoted under previous headings,

literature.
It
is

make good

unnecessary to give them

lines 14-16 again. Consider the passage already translated, the bar. of page xxi, anticipating the crossing of
fall gently does fold after fold of the curtain Kyn myned im gweryd, im irveS Ynhywyll, heb ganwyll im gorseS Im gwein-vod, im gorod, im gorwe8. 30-3
: ; ;

How

The minor is Some attribute

ever the major note of the Welsh muse. this to long centuries lived under the
;

to the weight of the Norman and Saxon heel others for the Kelt, it is said, near kinship of tears to laughter, and is the creature of extremes, the child of sentiment

emotion.

Whatever may be the

fruitful

cause

it

is

patent to all

who

are familiar with the best poetry in

lies in

Welsh and
xxxii

of the one English, that the strength

B.B.C.

abstract thought, in narrative, in the drama while the Literother excels in the region of the affections, and particu;

ature

larly in the expression of that wistful

broods over nature,

material
;

life,

mystery which and the grave. The one is

etherial.

the
is

other
:

is

How
i

tremulously
teint tud.

haunting

this line

Ag yS

oeS ovud

Iwro

And

there was grief along the harp-strings of the people.

it

The

strings of their own-t' motion, as

were, wail

and

thrill in

sympathy with a nation's sorrow. Amlwg anhuneS, Can ethyw vynghereint yn adwe8. 33'9. am restless, for my loved ones have gone whence they came.
descent of
life is

The

also graphically painted

:

Dynessa heneint a lied arnad

Dy glust, dy drem, dy 8eint neud adwed; Dychrycha croen dy vyseS. Old age approaches thee, broader grown,
Sans hearing, sans
sight,

sans teeth,

All wrinkled to the finger-tips.

The same alphabet

differently
it

is

at the service of

all,

but

how

the talk in

combined, even by those at the top of their mother tongue. The difference beis
still

comes more marked

to

in the case of

one condemned

Let it, therefore, be use a step-dame's speech. remembered by those who cannot read the original,
that, in estimating its literary qualities, the

shortcomings of the renderings must be eliminated. Prose can do no more than approximate the sense of verse, the charm

and music of assonance and rhyme vanish

at a touch.
"
;

like

a fairy

a little more, and how much it is A little less, and what a world's away."

47 In

England no one hears of anything but 'guns going off spontaneously.'

The

note and the interests are ever different.

B.B.C.

xxxiii

Liter'

<

When

Pan aned Gereint oeS agored pyrth nev. Gereint was born the portals of heaven were open,

ature

and the gifts rushed headlong rocked his cradle and filled his dreams through, they with visions. They ever waited on him till he grew
his first cry the graces

At

up to be a prince among his fellows, peerless in grace and thought and action. So it came about 'that he led while he lived.' Pen llu vu ira vu i amser. Wherever he went the order always was Sound the
'
:

horn of gladness, sing the song of peace and sunshine.'

Kenhittor kyrn elwch, cathl heSwch a hinon.

Universal benediction follows the happy-born.

Orders,

favour, glory are his portion, children his happiness. Ur^en amaw, rhad ag anaw, a ffaw a phlant.
If passages such as these are not pure literature, there
is something wrong with literature. sheen to every page, and illumine

in

life.

As

the fallen
Old

give a golden an experience many leaf rustles beneath the foot, the

They

words come unbidden to the

is

lips

Mn

hi, eleni

ganed.

she, tho' this year born.

If anyone would know and appreciate the B.B.C., let him apply his mind to it. An acquaintance extending

over twenty years has taught the writer to love it for its inspiration, its tender utterances, its many melodies.

Let him who

'

To

hold to my faith. Yea, Suw gwyn gwengerS a ganav the blessed God a holy lay will I sing,' for this rich
will dissent, I will
I

legacy of noble poetry, reaching far back into the ages, as yet England's muse was uncradled. Were the sons of Wales acquainted with their heritage, and

when

worthy of

it,

the prophecy might yet be fulfilled Kymry a orvyi, cain vyhy dyb.

xxxiv

B.B.C.

THE EDITOR'S APOLOGIA.

" Tht great mass of criticism is delivered 'viva voce,' and never This spoken criticism is of far greater appears in print at all. importance than the printed criticism. It is repeated again and again, in all sorts of places, on hundreds of occasions, and cannot
fail to

make dints
is

in people's

minds

.... The

contemporaries
' '

mightier than the pen."

tongue of AUGUSTINE BlRRELL.

our

The man who is laughing at you drags a tail also and shall be taught to look into the wallet on his own back, of which he knows so little." Horace. Book II, Satire iii.

HE Black Book of Carmarthen has been printed When the Myvyrian Archaiology of Wales was undertaken the conception of editorial duties
several times.

''

did not go beyond printing the most accessible text from a late transcript. Mr. William F. Skene, however, in the

tioos

pointed out the true but did not always tread the path of virtue. method, His knowledge of Welsh was inadequate for his purpose, and his purpose was inadequaj^e for the attainment of

Four Ancient Books of Wales,

an accurate text. He set to work with prepossessions, and definite theories to propagate. He wandered over the hills of Wales in moonshine he saw a North Briton

he every gorse-bush bending before the wind affixed, like a geographical pioneer, Strathclyde labels
in

to

familiar

Welsh place-names, and he was apt

century
vitia ?'

to

discover

sixth

incidents

in
:

twelfth century
'

historical facts.

Nunc aliquis dicat mihi

Quid

tu

Nullane habes

Immo

alia et fortasse minora."

concern has been throughout to avoid errors <)f my own, not to call attention to those of my predecessors,
B.B.C.

My

XXXV

much
Other

less

to execute

the usual war-dance on

their

Mr. Skene's text was the best till the prostrate bodies. work of the Collotype Facsimile in 1888. All appearance
'ers

who

travel over the

gratitude,

same ground owe him a debt of and far be it from me to cast at him a stone. Pawb at cenvyb, o byh bat,
a bawhyn er na
byhei.
:

A fault

is

plain to every eye

The cad doth ever add the spy. Various commentators have written on detached portions of the text.

list

of these contributions

am

unable to give, having unfortunately seen few of them. I have been chained, like a dog, to manuscripts and texts for a quarter of a century, with no margin of
reach of

time for serious study and now I live in exile, out of libraries, and cannot refer to books and articles
:

that should be consulted.

For example

Prof.

Strachan

informs

me

of a series of Notes in the Archiv fiir Celtische

Philologie

by Prof Loth. Students must consult these and especially Prof. Strachan's own paper in Eriu iff on the Mutation of the initial
Notes
for themselves,

consonants in the Old Welsh Verb.

Prof Rhys has also

dealt with detached

passages in his various writings. in his Literature of the Kymry, was the first to Stephens, introduce sanity into Welsh criticism and his book, if

worth reading. present text has been reproduced diplomatically, Meth page for page, line for line, character for character,
date,
is still

somewhat out of

The

'Od

space for space. Every letter which the writer failed to read easily is faintly underdotted every letter retraced has a wavy line under it and every letter become
;

xxxvi

B.B.C.

illegible

underlined.

through effacement or damage to the vellum is Meth Different sizes of types are used for the
,

-od of

different sizes

of the handwriting of the manuscript. repro Most of the Xiarge Initials are traced copies of the
'duc'

greater number of these are coloured tlon a good many are green, and a few are chrome, the red/^ prevailing colour used for patching the smaller Capitals
originals.

The

represented by heavier faced type. These Capitals are of all sizes, and in a variety of styles, involving the use

of fourteen distinct

founts

The work

of adjustment,

on and

different sized
its

bodies.

cost

in

time and

money will be incomprehensible to all who have not made the experiment. I believe that only my assistant^'
and myself have ever attempted such a combination of founts, and that the B.B.C. is unique among printed books. It is to all intents and purposes a facsimile in
characters which
all

can read.
readings
;

No

pains have been

spared

to

make

the

faithful

and

reliable

and I cherish the private transcripts of the original conviction of a happy issue to this part of the work. The interpretation of the text is quite another matter.^"

The
I

wise editor attempts nothing beyond his knowledge.

this

have deliberately transgressed

49

golden
,

rule,

and
,

48 Particulars respecting these are given in the appendix.

George Jones of Lampeter, now of the firm of Messrs. Fox Jones & Co. I have to thank Mr. Jones for entering into my plais with interest and intelligence; and for helping me to carry them out efficir.

Kemp

Hall, Oxford.

ently.

The press-work

is

also the result of our joint-efforts.

The 50 Occasionally ambiguity may arise from the double use of t=S & t. sense as a rule solves this trouble, but not always as for example Rac deuwr
:

ineutwr y tirran, which may be read in two ways Rhag d^w^r ynEuhwr, or yn eu twr y tyrran, i.e. Before two men into Deuhwr, or into their tower they throng.' Since writing the Pal. Note I have seen Dr. Davies's transcript, where DeuSwr is adopted, with twr queried in the margin.
:

BB.C.

xxxvii

Obscti
'Hties

hazarded here and there the interpretation of serious I have left enough difficulties, but in no greedy spirit.
to satisfy the ambition of others
'
;

and

have,

trust,

blundered often enough to giv6 pleasure to certain After all we should not be churlish, and deny friends.' The B.B.C. offers pleasure where we can bestow it.

abundant opportunities
lines

in this direction.
harllenwy,

The anonymous
1 7 '9- 1 o.

Er cymenn a
find

Dyallyr Llyvyr

Du nid wy.

yet every fresh reading reduces the list of difficulties, a fact that should convince us that our own lack of perception
lips.

must

an echo on every reader's

And

quite as much at fault, as the lapses of the scribe, and the reputed obscurities of the poems. When two
is

students compare notes, nothing is so noticeable as that the difficulties of the one are not, as a rule, the difficulties
of the other.

those

Were it possible to seat at a round table who have given attention to the text, & were each
!

eager to contribute his best, few obscurities would remain. But, alas BreuSwyd a welwn neithwyr, Ys celvyS a'i dehonglo. 7 '4
Pal.

Notes

Paleographical Notes are usually confined to remarks dealing with any peculiarity, or indistinctness in the writing itself, without touching upon the blunders of the scribe. The latter in the present work include palpable misread ings, alterations and omissions, as evidenced by assonance and metre, by rhyme and
sense.

This opens wide the door of textual criticism, and multiplies the duties and difficulties of the paleoHowever, wherever there is the smallest grapher. remnant of a vanished letter, word or phrase, a stroke,

xxxviii

B.B.C.

an angle, or a curve, a thorough knowledge of the writing and idiosyncracies of the scribe provides a
scientific

****'

basis to build upon.

The space
;

^"^^
left illegible

'

in

the

manuscript must be measured;

note of the

sense of the context must be taken

the right length must be found. If Q""'^^ letter with a corresponding stroke, angle or curve at
the right place, the emendation ceases to be guess-work.*' If in the case of poetry, it be confirmed by the superadded test of versification, it can be admitted into the
text

and a word of ^^^ this word have a

with

confidence.

The

latter

test

has

indeed

tempted the editor to trespass occasionally beyond the frontier of his science.''* But no attempt has been made
to restore omissions in the text, that being entirely the creative work of the imagination.

By omissions are not meant lacunae, of which there are at least four, as shewn by the following table of the gatherings or quires, which now make up the MS.
Quire
i

consists of 4 leaves = pages

,

ii

= = = = = = =

920 21 28*

80 96* *#97 108

61
81
folios,
is

2940 4160

thus see that the original number of which constituted a quire, varied, because there

We

no

lacuna between
ii

ii.

and

iii.,

which have six and four

folios

See Facsimik 47'5; 56'6. MC 5" Hit/, ^S'n-i^. SS^ The student must be warned that cf' is used loosely for contrasting, as well as for comparing different passages and words. Many of the Notes are of a tentative character. The probably^,' queries, and suggestions should be carefully distinguished from solutions.
'

xxxix

Index

between iv., which has six, and v., which has ten folios. It is clear, therefore, that a quire '-1 and is missing between i. and ii., between iii. and iv., and
respectively, nor

between

vii.

and

viii.,

or that the Manuscript

is

made

up of different fragments.ss It is necessary to add that the writing, beginning with line 12 of page 79, is later
than the manuscript, probably much later, for it has all the appearance of a base, blundering imitation it is continued on page 80, which has been read in parts
:

only,

sufficiently printed, at least for the present.

and that not

continuously

to

be

The Index
That

has been a work of anxiety. Like Ignari hominumque locorumque Erramus.

Aeneas

all the proper names, which occur in the text, will be found in the Index is a matter of hope, rather than

of confidence.

The aim has been

;

to

omit nothing, not

'

even doubtful items

is

but unfortunately

the doubtful

'

a shifting element where knowledge is imperfect. Every fresh reading breeds almost as many doubts as
it

removes, thus calling for recurrent slight revision. Many of the entries are neither proper names nor
These, and those which present are printed without the initial Capital letter.

subjects of doubt.
difficulties,
I

have to thank Prof Rhys for allowing me, some years ago, to see his private index to the Facsimile
:

but he must not be held responsible for any error in this work, which he has not seen, more particularly as
the entries differ in
53

some
i,

respects.
80, 96,

& 108 are stained, shews that they were once 'outside' pages, and formed separate parts. We have in the B.B.C., probably, only mere fragments of the collection originally made.
The
fact that

pages

8,

9,

Xl

B.B.C.

acknowledge my indebtedness Ago and help to two fellow-students. graProf. J. Morris Jones was so good as to discuss certain tias difficulties with me, and to read over with care some of the more debatable Notes. His affirmations have been But it is the nemesis harvested and follow the mark t. of destructive criticism to perish with what it modifies. The Notes have benefitted further from the caution and
It

remains for

me

to

for valuable criticism

scholarship of
'

revises

'

his

Prof Strachan, who kindly read the additions follow the mark 1^*. Thus a

certain

number of the Notes have undergone pruning or

For all and a few have disappeared. and kindness I offer my heartiest thanks to both friends. Let it, however, be clearly understood that each is responsible only for what is specifically credited to him. Neither stands sponsor for the writer's emenrestatement,
services

dations, suggestions,

and

errors.^s

The References
this

to other texts are to editions

in

Series, including several works printed, but not Texts This may cause inconvenience for a yet published^^ time, but it is unavoidable, as the readings in the older
editions are not invariably correct,

Other

expensive. He, who has to pay for has a wholesome discipline in the cause of brevity. 54 Prof. Strachan wishes me to state that credit should be given to Prof. Loth I regret my mistake. for some of the notes marked +.
knows the
blunders
difficulties of the text, will

and corrections are every word he prints,

SSSome of the errors are corrected at the very end of the book. I should be glad to recast many of the non-paleographical notes, but no one, who

expect finality. The detection of my to take up the study of the B. B.C., and lead him to improved results. Every generation sits on the shoulder of See 55''. it should, therefore, see further and do better. its predecessor 56Towit; I. The Text and Facsimile of the Book of Aneirin; 2. TheText and the Book of Taliessin ; 3. The White Book Maiinogion; 4. The Facsimile of Poetry in the Red Book of Hergest; 5. Facsimile of the Black Book of Chirk.

may

inspire
:

some young student

B.B.C

xji

have much pleasure

for

in

acknowledging

*
*'ness
*"*"*

my indebted-

access

tendering my kindness and courtesy have ever been uniformly unfailing to the writer.

original Manuscript, and in thanks to Mr. Wynne, whose cordial

to

the

Oarmarthenshire gave
the twelfth century, presents it to the nation.
in the history of the

birth to the

Black Book
in

in

&

one of her sons,

the twentieth,

Thus the first & last link Manuscript meet in a way to

It greatly pleasures another kindle the imagination. of her children to associate with the happy event this

Diplomatic Reproduction, by linking it with the name of Hfje JTitat iceiient of t^t Mtlsi) JRiational Cibiatp,
the
(irst in personal elfort (or its establishment, the first in personal sacrifice for its good, the first in the importance of his

&

contributions to

its treasures.

y. Qwenogvryn Svans
)remvan, Pwllheli.
Gwyl Wenog,
1907.

xlii

B.B.C.

'

\ilitma(

lifrari)

of llaCt^.

INDEX TO FIRST
Adwin
caer
yflit

LINES.
... ... ... ... ... ... ...
...

ar Ian llyant

46-1

Afallen peren per y changeu

...
...

48-4
36-11
78-1

Arduireaue

tri

trined in cell

...

Afluynaw naut duv diamhev y daun Betev ae gulich y glav, e, ... ...
Bendith nautoryw new ir keluit creaudir Bendith y wenwas ir dec diyrnas ... Brenhin guirthvin guirth uchaw Breuduid a uelun neithwir ...
yflit
... ... ...

63-2

88-3
87-3 41-5
7-3

... ... ... ... ... ... ...

Can

treghis wiguifc

amhoen

...

70-2

Kyd

Canis coegauc yfli moreurauc a hin karhwiue morva. caflaaue mor

...
...

97-3 100-9
70-1
17-7

... ... ...

Kygogion. Elaeth ae cant. Kymhenach doythach nyd wy

Kyntaw geir adywedaw y bore ban kyuodaw ... Kyvaenad keluit kynelv o douit ,.. ... Kywarchaw im ri. Rad wobeith ... Devs ren rymawy awen ... ... ... Dinas maon duv daffar ... ... ...
.

82-1
i8-i

104-3
9-1

46.9
8i-i

Dv dy
Duv

uarch du dycapan in kymhorth in nerth

...

...
...

... ...
...

in

porth

73'ii

Betev ae gulich y glav ... Eneid kid im guneit ... ... Enwev meibon llywarch hen
Gereint
B.B.C.
filius

...

63-2
23-4

...
...

...

... ...

107-8 71-11

Erbin

...

...

;..

XllU

Goduryw
Greid

a glyuaw. ar claur maelenit

argluit hanpich guell
... ...

...

103 '2
35-1

Gogonedauc
bleit

... ...
...

blyghaud

...

...

10-12
13-6

Gveith reith rysset

... Gwin y bid hi y vedwen in diffrin guy Gwledic arbennic. Ban geneife o honaud ... ... Gvledic arbennic erbin attad

47-1

86-6

857
151 70T3

Hervit vrten.

autyl kyrridven
diffrid

...

... .- ... ...

Heb

cofifav

duv daun

gwirion
...

Hoian a parchellan Bydan a vit ... In enu domni meu y voli

616
39-4
89-1

Llym

awel

Hum

brin

anhaut

caffael

did

...

... Marchauc a girch y dinas mab Maredut Marunadeu Madauc ... Meinoeth kiclev lew held

...

...
...

loi-io
103-6
97-1

... ...
...

Merddin wyllt hagr orwyllt haint

...
...

46-20
84-2
29-1
1-2

Mi

Moli

ae gowinneis y offereid bid Duu in nechrev a diuet truan genhy

... ...
... ...

... ... ...

...

Mor

mor truan
...

...

Nac imadneirun neu rimwaredun

Oian a parchellan
...

24-9

52-62
94-1

Pa gur yv y porthaur Seithenhin sawde allan Rac gereint gelin kystut

...
...

... ... ...

...
...

io6-6

...

... ...
... ... ...

71-12

... ... Tarv trin anvidin blaut Tec yd gan ir adaren ar perwit pren (Tra vom kyd kerded goned kydimyteith) ... Tri anreith march inif pridein ... ... Ystarnde wineu fruin guin

97'i3
107-9

79-12
27-7 83-1
75-6
B.B.C.

...

Yth
xliv

arkiveir ar pennic

penn

TABLE OF CONTENTS,
Introductory Remarks.i

a
Hi
iv

The Mythology in the Dialogues Religion and Theology

Historical References
Literature
.

vu
xix
xxiii

...

xxix

The EDITOR'S Apologia

i

Earlier Editions of the Text

. . .

XXXV
.

a Method of
Hi
iv

Reproduction explained

xxxvi xxxix
xl

The problems of Paleography The gatherings of the Manuscript

xxxviii
.

V
vi
vii

The Index
Acknowledgment
to fellow-workers
.

xli
xlii
xliii

Gaudeamus

Index to First Lines

Text
The Verb The
less

iioS

To Be and

its

compounds,

(s'c.

log

familiar forms of

Verbs in the

B.B.C.

112

Paleographical and other Notes

"3
141 157

General Index
Postscript &' Appendix
Additional Notes, and Corrections
List of Subscribers

158
162

BBC.

xlv

truan gen/

m02
uan.

h/ mo2

truan

adeRyv. amke"
11a/
s

duyv achauan. Oed

chaR kyulauaR kyula^

Oed

yfcuid otryu/
.

Ruyd o tRyuan

Calpe0.
s

Oed maelgun auelun

inimuan y teulu rac

toz/

yuulu ny thauant

^prnttN.
tirr^

Rac deuur
an
.

ineutuR y
.

Rac

eRRith agurrith
.

yaR Welugan Mein

.

wv
el^

nev indiheu adygan M0/5

ch guelheRyniueR gan

gan Och oe
.

leith
.

maur

a^;

teith

y deuthan

CalteCTiN.

Rys undant

oet Rychv/
B.B.C.

ant y taRian

hid attad y
.

daeth rad kyulaun

llaf
3

kynduR
ynan
on
.

tra meffur

y ku^

lias

haelon o din^
.

tra

uuan

RyuiR

nod mauR eu
elgan .^lEttN.
rui
. .

clod. gan.

Ruy
.

a th^ 7

Ruy aRuy

trav a th^
.

rau imdoeth y doethan

B.B.C.

brau amelgan

llat

dy/i

uel oe diuet kyulauan

ab erbin ae ueRin aw/

^aiiej

naethanlfnlu maelgun

bu yfcun y doethan aeR

.

wiR kad trybelidiad

guaedlan
.

Neu

gueith
vit

aRywdeRit pan
.

y
9

deunit o hid y wuchit

//>

B.B.C.

y darpan

llyas peleidradi
.

guaedlad guadlan
aus
.

Uy/
3

aeRwiR bRyv bre^

uaul

vidan

ILyaus
.

ban bRivhcR

llyaus

ban foheR
hymchuel
an
ib
B.B.C.
.

llyauf ev

in

eu hymv^

CaltefftN

Seith me/
Seith guiR
///

eliffcR

ban brouheR.Seith guaew ny

ochel in eu feithran
.

gj>jRtiN

Seith

tan. vueliN. Seith

.

kad

kyucRbin Seithued kinve^ Hn ypop kinhuan. CalteHtN.

Seith

guaew gowanon. Seith loneid awon Oguaed kinre/

.

inon ydylanuan.

jS^pEttN.
.

Seith ugein haelon aaethan

ygwllon.yg coed kehton.y. daRUuan Can yf mi myRtin

.

///

B.B.C.

guydi. talieffin bithaud

.

kyffrediN vy
.

darogan

jf

^reuduid auelun neithw/

^^ir.
yfceluit

I
Jjk

aedehoglho.
reuit
.

F^y ritreithir y
,

nif 5

guibit aR nuygelho
llara

Gueithred
7

llyuiau niuer nid hoffet

meiuret

bro

Neur uum ydan

llu

un duted a bun dec

gro
.

guanec
10

Nid

cur llauur uRth din

da

3,e coffa

arnuydalho

Gua^
eth.
7

B.B.C.

1^^

vygniw odiuattep
hatnappo
ithred
. .

ir

nep nuy/
dricwc''
.

Nytiuuc rac

imattrec guydi darffo

.

Nydichuenic but pedi yfguell

delli urth

auo

3,c imganlin a^
.

deduit

a dioffrid aaduo
.

2,w/
7

na mynich enuuyret
afeRlinho
.

Ordivet

Nid

ehalath aftra^

etha. nychaffaw

aehamhevo
.

Ny

lluit

reuuet ydlreid
ffo
.

Ny

chenir buyeid ar

Nynaut n

ucheneld rac guael

lit

hael an

nuybo
/k"

Ny dcRl/ Ny ry del 13
.

B.B.C.

rymawy awen. amen fiat,

fynedic waud.
3

evs ren

fruythlauN trae^
thaud. trybefttaud heid.Her^
vit

uRten autyl kyRRidven.

ogyR ven amhad. Amhad' anav aReith awyRllav.ycav

keineid.Cuhelin baRt.kym^
raec haRt kidvRthodiad
.

10

keRt kymuynas.ked kywa tas. caf amtimeid CathyR.

.

/
12

kywyftraud. kyvan volaud.

cluttaud attad.Kywrgein gen-'

hid.cozachiwid.kyhid kydneid.

KywyRgiRn kyvle ky wlauN 4

flamde kywvire vad.Kenetyl W0202 ky wrifc wofcozd kyg/
. .

ozhygneid .Kywolv.waur.ky^

waRvs mavR. kirllavReircch/

eid.KeRit vycho'. kerenhitnod
clod achvbiad.Clo kelvid.ka^
nt kalan kid. kynvllid greid.
reid bleit
10

blyghaud Gre/
.
>''

B.B.C.

tyw detyw duraud.gnaud brauduriaeth .Gur oet eit^

oel g02vy reol. gozdethol

do '
4

eth.Gvytbuil dragon. gof^

paRth brython.gofgyman

gvith.Gvaud tryganet.

ssss
7

gnaud kyhidet
.

.gozffet

metveith Metcvin kyw/ ran marchauc mi t Ian.

. .

manN meidrolaeth Mett^ n rid mur ioz.maus pedir

pedro2.
B.B.C.

maur coz kyvoeth.

VI

II

Moes

vreifc vreyR

Moes

wiRth vehiR.milwiR 02vith.

Maer claer kywid mad

.

cath^
4

yl

kyvid.moidit ieith.Mas

cas nognav.minhev nev frav.

molav
.

frav fraeth

Muner uo /
.

dauc maer anhetauc maret /

auc doet^ Medel
vartoni
.

vifci

mel
.

mynogi gvyth s Mynvinad vron metv ton 10

.
.

dros traeth
1

Mcr
yj^

kertev

B.B.C.

kein.mywiR covein.mire^
in anoeth.Meneftir.vytud.

meuvet vetvd.molud
.

ef^

muith Mufic agan mal eur ozian.man vahanieth.

^veith

reith ryffet

gvi^

ch Ruich ryuet rinuet re^ en Rec Ryfiolaw Rec aar/

. .

chaw.Ruymav
.

iuRthen.
.

Ruthur vthiR avel Ryn^

aut uvel
B.B.C.
.

10

Ryvel vebiN
vii

IX

RuteuR
.

dyRllit

Rychlud
.

clodRit Rihit
.

aden Rev^

wet paraud Rin vynn

=>

wafcaud
bRiN
.

tra

gwaud
.

wo^^

Ry

hait itaut
.

Ry

cheidv ynaut Rac caut

gelin
.

Ry. chedwis detyf

.

Ry chynis gretyw Rac =3 lletyw ogyRven Rac

.

dac droffow Reghid

. .

bRid bot.Rot cuhelin.

14
K//*

II

B.B.C.

ervit

VRten autyl
.

.i

kyrridven ogyR^
.

ven amhad
.

Amhad

anav aReith slwjrW

av y cav keineid Cv/
.
.

helin doeth
.

kymraec

coeth kyvoeth awyR^

llav
.

keluit id gan
.

cluiR viR

aedan ky/
.

Wlavan

lev

KeRt
.

10

ky wlaundeR kadeir
B.B.C.

15

diRpeR cadir wobeR.yv. kanholicion caffod eilon.

keinon vRthav.Cau tyiRn/3

et cathil

kyhidet kyuryff;
.

wyv.

Campuf y veiRch
.

canhyn ae peiRch kywre^' neirch glyv. C02 wa^

radred. kenetyl noted ked
s

kywetliv.lliwed ahuN.
llyffeit eituN.

IIun venediv.io

llyd
fo2.
16

am

kywoz.llog deffeP
12

Hog pozth anav.llvgy/

y///^

B.B.C.

rIn kytrim.Iledvegingrim.i

llim yd grim glev.

UeuveR
3

fynhuiR. llauer a vyR. llv^

woziv. Gozpo^^gulet druy tagnevet het o het^
iR id
.

iv
7

Kym
er

hen ach doyth ach ny dwy

byI heb

Yr by

wy bod beth wetwy

llenwy

kym enn a ddar

dyallyr llyfyr dy ny dwy

llyfr

lO

du du nid wyf.

Dyallu

'r llyfr

17

yvaenad
Iv

keluit. kyne^i
.

o douit kyuaenad
-^

kynan o cRift kein did

an. Ac vei gyueRkinan am.y.4

gylchin

huan.ARgnyueRpe^

g02 y ffit y dan mo2.

Ar gny/'

ueR. edeinauc aozuc kyuoeth auc. Acvei.vei.paup.tRi tRy^

chant tauaud.Nyellynt ve
traethaud.

kywoethevy tRin^
^

daud .Din dyual y faud. Ny

1

/A*

B.B.C.

eRuill cofpaud.

kymuN bid pa
Ban wan -^3

Raud.ineRbin tRidaud. Bid

glafglefychaud.
ha.y
.

gnaud y diodRut.y iffca^

ti

ud Guae

din hewid piR

doduid im

bid.

Onid imwa^
7

redit.02drucdigonit.Nev
duid yth
keRit
.

Rihit.

ythuRid.
.

a.

DRud dy tihenit dy imtuiN aR llogylwit Wrv

.

10

ach dydivet dy lauRiav. o

.

B.B.C.

ig

vet.afegi athraed ymlith pRit

athydwet.Dihafal dyimte/
ith dyiffcaR ath

kedimteith

Co2ph

diffid diReid.gobuill.o.

th enid.

Cozph

niglivit

paleue

iRygilit.

Pa

Roteifte oth Rev^

vet.kinkyues aRgel. PaR0^7

teifte

otholud kin muill moll

mud. acy haRuetud. acydad^

aud. 3.C nyRiuelffud y meint agaR^
yffud. 3,c itoet
20

owud y luRv
^

teint
B.B.C.

dud.

Adaon

itaethant
.

igkym/
3

eint offuiant Pait

pRinude^

chant. othRiit ageugant. Ac

yfmoztiuant mal goffod am/' Rant. AueleifteogaRant afvj

treis tragiffant.Ny
fte

pheRchei^

guencR oth vauRetyllteR. Nicheuntofte padeR na phil-'

geint na gofpcR.

PadeR pRiw

traethaud. gobuill o nebaudio

namuiN y tRindaud. Ry talud

iftedlit tRi feith
.

padcRbeunit. Affv ac nidoes ac nithreghis.

B.B.C.

XI

21

ev hoes

moe y dinwaffute meR

weRit.no phregeth evegil. An deid iglethuiRguRth nabuo^

Ni pheRcheifte creiR^ ev na Hoc na llanev. Nid en ^

ft vffil.

deueifte

kiwRev beiRt gouec

kiurek

higlev. NipheRcheifte

th ereaudiR

new kin lleith lly^

9

auf aghiuieth adodute aR

diaReith.Gvae
th
vi

vi

piRimtei^

genhide
piR

in

kyue'th.Gvae n

wuuf aR dikiuolv pan douthume attad oth

22

13

^^

B.B.C.

bichan vianuad.Neu RimaRtu

ad othlauR kiueithad.

Arhun

el^Neid

nincredninep.othtremint trv^ kid im^ yted.4

.

^Pfeguneit in aghen digeR^"

it.GuiRyvguae uinhevpiR
deuthofte imgotev.

Nac iRO^

fe.nacaghev.na diuet.nade^ chrev O feith lauanad ban 9

. .

im

fe

fuinad.O

feith

creaduR
.

pan im dodath aR puR Oet^ un. taN. llachaR. pan im Rot^'

ed paR. OetuN pRit daeaR
B.B.C.
.

13

XII

23

nym dy haetei
guint gouchaf

alaR.
llei

OetuNi

vy nRUC
3

nom da.Oetunnyul aR
mynit yn keiffau keton hit. Oetun blodev guit aR
vinep
douit
eluit.
/

Amffuinaffeie

imdodath aR deunit.

Eneid kid imgunit.

ac imadneRUN nev
.

RimwaRedun. keu^
gant kywraghaum .wide
1 1

kywiffcaRaN.Achiwnod
net
24
.

fe /

Acheugant
^'i"

kinatlet. n
^^^

A daduiRein obetguydi hiR

go2wet.Kywoethauc duw a
wet.ydiN inydeheu wuchet.

Adyadu
Ian
.

taN aRpoploet any^

.

A lluch athaRian

a llya^
lie

uf llydan. Nyllettaud

d'v

nag.na didRif na diag. Awi-'

dy tagde teeRnaf aRvere.Dy gettauR.y.tRi.llv. Rac drech. 9

dremieffu.ILuguiRinguiNioN / eiliv egilion .llv aRall bRith
ion. eiliv

bRodozion.TRyde
x//r

llvdiuedit.fythleithgywei^i3
thit.
25

huilant iglithuiR impaRth^i

reddievil.In vn
dull
.

nidaongan

aghimon Myny mae meillon agulith aR tiRion

Myny mae keRtozion in kyv^

eiR kyffon.Kein bid evgoff^

alon gan guledicgozchozti'^

on.Mynymae
Rnaf uwil.

ebeftil

amtee^
9

Menymae pyw

hael inyclaeR kyueiftet.

Ro^

tiad bid beddrael.nidguael

y geRenhit. Achin deginulk

26

X"^

B.B.C.

emne
ul

eiliveRt vedit
.

Or fa^

dymguy tat aR lleith dim-^ gozbit. Ac ew gueith dimgu^

nelemne.dimbrodic dit.Nif
Rydraeth Ryuetev kyvoeth

Ruytev douit.

Ri an Reith march inif pdein.

C aRnawlauc maRch. OweiN. mab VRieN a Bucheflum

. .

fcRi

maRch GugauN
. .

clet^

ywRut a auautiR
chiR
B.B.C.
.

brei^
.

kadwallauN
xtv

fill

k.
2J

Wri torn etyftiR inif pRideiN.css

ARwulmelin.maRchpaffcenfil! VRien.a.Du hiR teRwenhit 3
.m.felyw mab

kynan gaRRvin.

a.DRudluid.m.RyteRch hael.

Wri gohoev etyftiR inif pRideiN.ss

Guynevgodvff.hiR.maRch
kei.

RuthiRehon tuthbleit.m.GiP
beRd mab kadgyffRO.a.keiN
caled
.

gualchmei

csssssss
.

Ri. hoev etiftiR inif pRideiN

Uv ago2. m. karadauc. B. amely,/

.

nlaf.m.kafwallauN mab Bely.

28
-f/f*"

B.B.C.

oli

duu innechrev
.

Ae kyn^ iw ny welli ny om^ et Vn mab meiR modri^ daw teeRnet meir mam
a diuet
2
. .

crift

ergynan rianet.Dy/
ir
.

dav yr heul 02 duyrein

goglet
.

Dy eiraul
.

ir

dy

maur drugaret Ar dy

mab

iolud en karet

Duv 10
^^

uchom. Duu ragom. Duu vet.Renjiew auRotone

B.B.C.

xy

29

ran trugaret Teyrn uron.

.

tanc y romne. heb imomet

Diwyccomne a digonhom
o gamuet KiN
.

mynedim
5

gueRid imiRuet.in tywill

heb

canvill

im

gozffet

.Ym

Gueinvod im gozod im go2/ wet guydi meiRch ac im-^

.

tuiN glaffuet.

achyuet a^
.

chid im agraget

Ny chif^
12

gaw gobuyllaw om diw^

et.
xo

Gulad itimne.yfag^
xv^
B.B.C.

ro y maffvet

mal
.

deil ovla^

en guit daduet Guae ag^ aur agrauN maur ueRth^

et
.

ac onyfguataul y

Riet.

Kyn gatteR ew
vet

in Ryred.

preffen.pygil uit inydi^

.

Ny

vir

drud nid
.

yfcrid iny timhyr.

Nychk
.

uid

uo2e

nid eiftet

ny chiueirch ny chan wen

.

nid eirch trugaret

Bit

chuero y talhaur iny di^

B.B.C.

XVI

wet SybeRuid a maurw-^

. .

rid.amaRet. MeithriN
ph.y
lyffeint

coz-"

anadret.allev/
.

uod ac imtuiN enwiret Ac

agheu dydau uRth gluydet Ewinluth dychinull dychi /

.

uet.Dyneffa heneint ailed aRnad Dy cluft di trem

.
.

di teint

neud adwet Dy
.
.

chricha croen diuiffet ath^

una

heneint. alluidet.An
.

eiRolve ne mihagel
,2
xvi

ar ren
B.B.C.

new ran
adaR glas
in Rich
.

trugaret. Kinte^

viN keinhaw amffer.

callet
.

Dyar
3

EreidiR
.

ich iguet

Guirt
.

mo2

brithottoz tiret

Ban
6

ganhont cogev aR blaen guit guiw handid muy.

vy llauuridet Toft muc amluc anhunet kan eth-^
. .

int

uy keReint inattwet.
bRin in tyno.ininyffet n
fo2t itelheR.rac
jcyn

ym
E

mo2 impop

33

crift

guiN nid oes

in

inialet

^
.

Oet
ffet

chuant

in car Itro^

treitau ty tir dyalltu-"

.

det

Seith feint afeith^

.

ugeint

afeithcant
.

aw^
gid a
6

ant in un ozffet
crift

guiN.ny
.

fozthint

ve
s

vygilet

Rec aarchawe
.

nim nacccR y
dagnouet
y p02th ve trift
34
.

rof a

duv

Ambo
.

fozth

lo

riet

Crift

nybu^
12
B.B.C.

ythozffet:^
xvif"

ogonedauc
hanpich

argluit

guell.

Athue /

dicco de egluif.achagell. A.
kagell ac egluis
.
.

A. vaii'
fiN-^

ad a
.

diffuis
yffit
.

TeiR

haun

Due uch
.

gult.

ac vn uch eluit

yRif

gaud aR
wit
.

dit

A
.

SiRic ap>/

Athuendiguifte
fit

awr/

raham pen
tragiuit
.

vuchet

A. adaR aguen^ n en. A. attpauR. adieN.

B.B.C.

xy/i

-it

Athuendigufte aron amo^i

efen.

A ^vafcul
.

a femen. A.
3

Seithnieu a seR. A.awiR.

ac etheR

llevreu a lly^

theR. A.pifcaud in hydiR"

ueR
red
.

A A

ky wid a gueith^ tyuvod a thydued.

.

A.yfaul da digoned.Ath^s uendigaf de argluit gogo^

ned. Gogonedauc. a.h.G.
Ruireaue.
jceli.yffi
tri
10

trined in

UN athRi.vn^
xviii^
B.B.C.

ed un ynni. vnguiRth oe
teithi.un

duu

diuoli.ath-"
uR'^
.

uolaf uaurri

maur dy
.

Dyuolaur yfguir Dyuolaudir yf mi yfbud

.

hidRi

baRtoni aRhelv eloy. Han^e

pich guell
fili
.

crifti.

pater.
. .

&.

& fpu

domni on ad^
9

onay. HRduireaue Dev.

yffi

vn aDeu.yffi

tri

hep

ev.hep haut yamhev. Aw^ naeth fruith afreu a fop. 12

B.B.C

x/x

^7

amriffreu.Duu yenv.inDeu.

Duy uau y kyffreu

in
tri

D uu y env.
.

Duy uuaul y inni Duu

an-"

yenu invn.Duu paulac

.

nhuN. H.Rduyreaue vn. iP yDeuacuN.iffi tri aRnuN.iP

fiDuuyhuN.aunaethmaur^
th alluN.amafcul

abuN.ac

nat kyuozuN baf ac anot-^

UN. Auneth tuim ac oeR.
a.
10

heul alloeR.allythir.ig.

Cuir afflam im pabuir.a.

38
xix^
B.B.C.

12

abuN hyg^ aR huiR.allofci.pimp kaeR

ferch in finhuir
.

Otyueti

wiR

csssscscsoscscs

Nenu domni meuy.voli. mauR y uolaud Molawe

.

douit

maur y
.

kinnit

aR y
.

caRdaud

Duu anamuc
.

Duu ango2uc Duu an gu^

araud
.

Duu

angobeith

teilug piRfeith. tec y pur^"

faud
fi

Duu

andyli

Duu

iP"
12

vRy. vrenhin trindaud.

B.B.C.

XX

29

Duu abroued inytruyted T y trallaud Duu a dyfu oe

. .

garcharu gan vuildaud.

Guledic deduit angunelin rit cRbin dit braud Andu-^

.

ch

ir

gulet

ir

y varet ae
.

werindaud.Ym

paradui.

impur kynnuis racpuis

pechaud Angunel iechid
.

iry

penid ae pimp dirna^

. .

Dolur eghiRith Duu 12 andiffirth ban ky mirth

ud

40

^A^'

B.B.C.

cnaud. Din a

collei

bel nafpRin/

hei diuei devaud.

Orcroc crevled y
.

deuth guared

ir

vedlffyaud

kad^

aRn bugeil

crift

nid adweil. y teily^

renhin guiRthvIn
guirth
plant

f gdaud.
.

uchaw

yffit

Yffi

pen
7

adaw

Yffi per gadeir

gadarnaw.Yffi hael diwael diweir^ haw. Yffi haul uraul gurhaw 2.cli /
.

wir.

iffi

owIr

id

pridaw.yDuv
.

10

maur y duv
.

llaur llaRiaw

y duv

guiN guengeRt aganaw. Yn y wuy^ w. y duv indin digeRit 02 devnit 13

.

y diallaw. pechu apechuis ada^ w. pechaud kin brand prydeR^ aw. Erbin oed ydit.ydel paup oe

XXI

41

Bet Iny devret In devraw Mai y bv ban fv ozeuhaw.in vnllv Ir vn

.

lie

teccaw.

Hid impen vn bmn

eR^

bin ev baRnv. 02 teulv teilyghaw. 4

Teilygdaud wafcaud. ofgozt nav grad new. Vy Dewis kinvllaud.

Vy Devs domenvs menaud Vy bardeiR. y BeiRt y uediffiaud. Vy

.

maurhldic nen.vy perchen.vy par^' ch kin tywarch kin tywaud 3.m

.
. .

gadu y traethu traethaud yth vo^ li kin tewi tawaud. 2,c im cow.val
.

ioff.

diwaud uRth ygureic. yam

dreic vffyldaud.Ban

dywu guas

14

duv diwarnaud

attav. ir imbrav.
16

ae bRiaud. Rotefew diRneid.kiN

42
J^^J"

B.B.C.

dirnaud

a bilwif obilion.y gnaud.i

higaff.

Canydoet hagen
Rothei o nebaud.

y rotlon.

a.

Gvnaeth duv

trv/"

gaR gaRdaud. Jn evR coeth kyvo'^4

eth
.

y trindaud

Ymas
.

maeiftaud

ymae
in

moli duv. adwin y cotl. a.

.
.

diwad pechaud wid weti

3.

diw ^

kelv brad keli. Culuit argluit

new nav kanmaul

glad vad veidroli
RieituN vol!
. .

guen Gwenvlit Rit

.

attad

-'

lo

GwingaR
.

kar. gvar

guironet kedwi
irawallen
thi
.

Ny

chedwif eva
13

per.barauys duv.vR/

am y cham

nychimv ahi.guy/

th golev aozev cRni.

Ryv

duted

ed-'

mic. ogylleftic gulfc .3.guifcvif im-'

B.B.C.

XXII

4,

deni

PcrIw new

apis
.

Idl.

impuet
.

ychiwoeth y noethi 3,c eil guiRth a^wnaeth ehalaeth argluit a erglw

voli.

Ban
y

winnvis gochel ydeli.

ffoes
tiR.
Iti.

Sew
eini

fo2t

/ Jnytoet arad'

ur in eredic
.

Herwit guir igu

.

y diwaud y trindaud keli ew ae mam dinam dauN owRi 3, gur guiN Turr guir gwydi ny a dav
. .
.

ygeiffav inguefti. ar owRif ywiN

iti.

10
.

agueleifte gureic

amab

genti

3,diwed
thomet

tithev irolev guronet. ny^^

in

gweti Jn gueled imy/

.

13

ned hebti
ni
.

3.r
.

yrandiR arad duv er^ hnni y doeth digiwoeth

.

gwerin
44

llin

kain kadeithi
xxu^

16
B.B.C.

Toziw anwar enwiR ev hinni.Turr

keiffeid

y keiffav

keli.
,

Ydiwod vn
Vrth y gvR
.

guRthwn gurtharab
gowRi
ffi
.

a well. 3, gueleifte dinion diN

.

Jn myned hebod heb dro^ Gueleis ban llyuneis y lien/ 6

deguch aweluch y medi. Sew awnaethant plant kai y VRth

tir

^ Medel ym chueli Druy eirol^ ed meir mari oe gvybod guybv

.

duv oheni.Yt

oet inydiffrid.y.
12

gidahl. yfprid glan agleindid

indi.

B.B.C.

AX///

AC

J-

1 Mwin caer

yffit

ar Ian llyant.

Adwin yd
.

rotir

ypaup ychwant. Gogywarch de gwinet boed

ant
ir
.

tev wy''

Gwaewaur

rrin.

gueleiffe guir

Dyv cvinowant Dyv iev yg

.

Rei adarwant

merch-'
bv.ir. 4

guarth.it

ad cozffant

Ad

oet bryger coch. ac och

.

ar dant. Oet llutedic guir guinet

Dit y deuthant.

Ac am kewin

llech

Vaelvy kylchuy wriwant:

llv

Cuytin y can keiwin

ocarantT"

^l^inas

maon duv

dafifar.

Pendevic adwin adviar.

10

afich heul. Ag-ulch edar.

.

X)inaf maon caf vnbin teernet Kymynad degin. 12 afich heul agulich mervin
. ,

DinafmaoN
afich heul
.

gulad adav.amdiffin duv amdanav.

agulich nynhav.
.

14

0iad

dodes ^moztuit armerchin march

lluid.

Ka''

deir deur

am

diwurn afich heul

.

agl'ich

maelguN.

17 Morfryn a ganodd yr hyn y fyddfcrifenedicynyr wyih ddolen fy yn canlyn fely testiolaetha llewelin ap Cynfric dduyn y wedd

Merddin

niab

hon

'.

Merddin wyllt hagr onvyllt haint

20

am Mhorfryn amau
gynt

hirfraint

Cerdd tra wamal gyfalau

goed a gant o i gau

B.B.C.

Jw
46

bell gas borchell ddigyf

di fedwen fel ynfyd-was.

'

win y

bid hi y

vedwen

in diffrin guy. Afirth

.

ychegev pop vn. pop dvy

ardudvy.

Ac

auit
rid

pan vo. y
vochn^
3

gad

in

chimrevan biv

am

vy. Apheleidir

agaur inyganhvy. Ac edwin imoN

gleiffon yfcawin
roti

ban gluedichuy. Argueiffon

vodi
.

ar

dillad rution in
hi

ev

::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::.;...:....:.>

'Win y bid
Wil ban

y vedwen. ympimlumon. a

vit

ban baran eilon.

.

Ac

awil. y.

freigc in lluricogion
id

ac
in

am gewin

iraeluid bv''

balawon "a mineich

vynich invarchogioN.

ybid hi y veduen yguarthaw din^

vythuy @Win
.

Avibid ban vo ygad

in

ardud^

wy Ar peleidir kychuin amedrywuy

phont ar taw
.

ac

arall

ar
.

tawuy

Ac

arall

14

amwall

am dwylan gwy Ar
.

saer ae gunel''
.

wy. bid y env garvy

B.B.C.

Arbenygaul mon ae
jcx/y

A/y

guledychuy

Guraget dan ygint Guir yg kyftvy.

.

Dedwytach no mi ae harhowe Amfer

.

kadwal-'

adiR. kcRt

aganhwi. @^@@^@
pen p y chageu. puwaur maur weir
4

fallen
CO

rauc enwauc in vev.

Ami

difgoganave rac

^\%pchen machrev.

Jn diffrin

machavuy

mer-'

chyrdit crev. gozuolet y loegyr gozgoch

lawnev. Oian aparchellan dydau dywiev. goz''

volet

ygimry gozuaur gadev. Jn amuiN kymi^

clev.

naud clefytaud

Aer o faeffon

ar

onn verev.

A guarwyaur
fe

pelre ac ev pennev.
.

Ami dyfgogana
12

gwir heb gev Dyrchafaud maban inadvan

fallen

y dehev. jj^

pen pren hyduf glas

Pv

waur y chagev hy ae chein wanaf.

goganafe kad
.

Ami

dyf^
is

am dias Penguern
.

kywetyrn.

met y hataf @@^@^3s^@@

[ac

am

gylch kyminawd
eryri
eri

kymyn
attkaf.]

leaf eingyl

gan pendeuic
48

18

A-^/f*

B.B.C.

pen

A pren
.

melin

a.

-'

tyw in Hwallen hal art

in.

heb

art inychilch''

Ami

difcoganwe kadimpRydin. Jn am^

.

vin ev terwin aguir duliw

Seithlog.ydeuant

drof lydan Hn. ASeith cant, drof mozyozefkin.

Orfaul ydeuant
Seith lledwac

nydant y kenhin. NamuiN.

7

gwydi ev Ilettkinr7-^
.

Wallen pen Atyf

.

tra

run

Kymaethliff^
.

vne inybon irbot y wun. Amyfcud

arwy

ifguit

Am
huN
. .

clet ar

wy clun Ac yg coed
.

10

Keliton y kifceiffe vy hun. Oian apchellan.

pir puyllutte

Andaude adar

cly wir
.

ev hymevtuN Teernet drof mo2 adav dyv

llun
.

13

Guin ev bid ve kymri

Wallen pen
ft

02

arowuN.

H
thir

atif inllanerch.

yhange^
.

ae hargel rac riev Ryderch amfa''

.
.

16

inybon maon ynychilch Oet aelav vt

xxy

49

vt dulloet diheueirch
.

Nu nym

cari

guendit

ac nimeneirch Oef kaf gan gwaffauc guaefP

af Rydirch. Ryrewineif y

hev aduc paup pa rac

.

mab aemerch. dig'' nam kyueirch 3.

.

guydi guendolev nep riev impeirch.Nym gogauN

guarvy nym goffvy gozterch

.

a.c igueith
.

ary w
7

derit

oet eur.

Wy goathozch Kin
.
.

buyf aelav

hetiv

gan

eiliv eleirch.

^^3@^

/^ fallen pen. blodev effplit atiff inargel in ^^% argoydit Chuetlev agiklev inechrev
.

ir

.^
dit.

.^L-dit

Ryffo2ri guaffauc guaeffaf meufit

.

Duyweith atheiRgueith. pedeirgueith

in vn.

12

Och

ieffu.

nadyffv wynihenit

fod ar willave lleith

mab

guendit.
.

Kyn dyf^ @g@@@

Jny llurv
. .

l^\

fallen

pen

atiff

ar Ian. afon

15

r~YL
.JL

r'y llu't

maer. inychlaer aeron

.

Trafu

jflLvm

puyll
.

waflad.

am

buiad inibon.a.
18

Bun wen

wariuf vn weinuf vanon .Dec mli^

.

net adev ugein inygein anetwon

50

it

vif inym''
B.B.C.

xxy^

teith

gan

willeith agwillon.

Guydi da

d]^

ogan aditan

kertozton.

Nv nevnamguy.

guall.gan wylleith aguyllon

yfcafe ergrinaf .wynragon.

Nv nev nach^ Vy argluit gueri'.

dolev

am brozryv

brodozion.
Keliton.

Guydi

pozthi heint

ahoed amcylch coed

die.

gan guledic gozchoztion.

fallen

Buyf guaf guinwy'' @^s@ 7

1'^

^^%
JL
uit grat

pen blodev effplit.atyf igwerid ag^ hud yguit Difgogan hwimleian hwet^
.

.^^

iJ

adiwit. id lathennaur

gan brid

gur^'

hid erwit.

Rac dreigev arderchev.riev Rybit. Goz^

digrefit
.

wehin din
.

Rac maban hvan

13

heolit arweit
fallen

Saeffon ardiwreit beirt ar kin^

fion attif y

pen apren

dan

.it.

gel

yg coed
.

Keliton.

Kid

keiffeer ofer vit

.

heruity baton

iny del kadwaladir oe kinadil

affon.

16

kadwaon.y erirtywi ateiwi

.

adyuod.
. .

grande o aranwinion aguneuthur guar o willt o gwallt HiRion ^gg^g@^@^@

.

19

B.B.C.

xA-i^/

51

fallen

pen apren
.

fion

attif

ydan gel yg
ofer vit

coed Keliton
rwit
.

Kid

keiffer

he
3

y hafon

yny
.

del kadwaladir oe
ef

kin^

adyl.Rid Reon
in ar faeffon
.

Kinan inyerbin

kychw^
5

Kimry

ao2vit kein bid eudra^

teithi
.

gon

Kaffaud paub y
.

llauen vi bri.bry''
7

thon

Kenhittoz kirrn eluch kathil hetuch

.
.

hinoN.

aparchellan. Aparchell dedwit

Nachlat

OJan ympen minit dyredcir

dit.

Clat in

lie
fit.

argel in arcoe^

Rac erwif
.

ritech hael ruyfadur

Ami

difcogan^
12

afe a gwir uit

Hid inaber

taradir rac traufev pry^

.

dein kimry

oil

inyeu kyfluit llyuelin y env o

.

eiffillit

gwinet gur digozbit

52

@@@@@@
xxvi'^

'4

B.B.C.

aparchellan

Oet

reid

myned
.

rac

OJan
erlid

Kinytion mozdei bei llafaffed

.

Rac diuod
.

arnamne acingueled Ac 02 diaghune

in lluted
.

ny chuinune
ton naved.

Ami

difgoganafe rac
.

Rac vnic

bariffviN
ir

gvehin dived

dirchafaud llogaud nid

llettcred

yn

ty-'

mhir gurthtir aguyftuiled. iny del an

iti

kin''

oechin gueled

ny

bit attco2 bith ar

aparchellan

^ythrefred.

OJan Nyhaut
aryffit arnaf
.

kiffcaf.

rac godurt y gal^

Degmlinet adeu ugein

yffit
12

yd po2theife poen yftruc aozhoen

arnaf.

Oes

imi

gan

ieffv gaffv

guaeffaf
.

brenhinoet newoet achoet uchaf

.

Nym^
15

ad rianed o plant adaw ar ny creddoe

y dovit

indit

diwethaf
.

Yd

welefe guen^

dolev in perthic riev in cynull preitev opop

eithaw

y dan vyguerid Rut nv neud araf

llaret

18

Pen teernet gog^et

B.B.C.

mvyhaw

XXVn

53

Jan aparchellan oet reid gweti

Rac
di
.

ofifin

pimp penaeth onoztman^

in

Ar pimhed

myned drof moz

trewi
. .

heli .y ozefkin iwerton tirion

Ef guna^
ac och in^
.

haud ryuel a
di.

dififfci.

Sc arfev coch

Ac

winttuy in dihev adoant o heni. ac

awnant enRydet arbet.Dewi. Ami difgo^

ganafe bid
divifci
.

o ymlat

mab

a thad gu^
diffuif tre^
9

lad ae guybi

a myned

y loegruif

wi

Ac na bo guared
aparchellan

bith y noztmandi
.

Na uit hunauc

Ry OJan
uc
.

dibit

attamne chuetil

dyfrida-'
.

12

Penaetheu bychein anudonauc

.

Meiri

mangaled am pen keinhauc Pan

drof mo2 guir eneichauc
.

diffon.
.

Kad
.

meirch

y^

15

danunt
54

ve.

dev wynepauc Deuwlaen ar^

.

xxvii^

B.B.C.

euguaev anoleithauc
dyhetauc
.

CRti

heb medi ymbid

.

guell bet

no buhet pop yghenauc

.

Cirrn ar y guraget pedryfanhauc

A ffan /

vont ve cozfozion meibon eidauc.ybit bo^

re taer
.

rac

Kaer

fallauc.

g@
9

aparchellan

aparchell dyhet

Rimdyuueid OJan
uet
.

huimleian chuetyl enry^

.

ami difcoganaue haf guithlonet

.

kyw
ta-'

rug brodozion brad owinet

guiftil inhiR otir

Ban diholeR

guinet

|)ybit feith ganllg

oynt gan wint goglet

SLc

inabcR clev eukin^

.

aparchellan aparchell iTatlet

12

guin OJan

Rymdywod
Pan

huimleian chuetil

amechrin

bebillo lloegir intir ethlin. a.

.

guneuthur dyganhuy dinaf degin o g******

lloegir
B.B.C.

15

allyuelin aduit

mab

aRwarr. aw***
5S

xxviii

kychuin

Ban

foaro deinoel

mab dunaud
fozt

deinwin.

Ad
.

vit

frangc arffo
.

ny

ofin. Jn
3

aber dulaf gvanaf guehin

.

Cochuet inev

kylwet yn ev kilchiN. @@g^

aparchellan

hoian hoiev Bei yche^

. .

nauc Oian
11

duv gunai ymchuelev

.

Y parche s
**

ffy.wiv. bitaud
in tev
.

mev Ar hun y ffy

keiffed

@g@@
.

aparchellan neud dit golev

An^

daude Oian
an

leifadar dufifyR dyar leiffev.

bit ni bluitinet

ahiR diev

Areiv enwir.
12

edwi fRuytheu.
llannev.

Ac

efcib. lluch lladron diffeith

amyneich aobRin beich obechodev

aparchellan llim y vinet
.

Kyuuely
is

anwinud Oian

panelhute yozuet

Bychan
.

awir ryderch hael heno y ar y wlet apozth^

56

xxviif"

B.B.C.

eife

neithuir o anhunet

EIri hid

impen
blin

clun.

gan cun
.

callet

Pibonvy imblev.

wy

Ryffet
.

Ry

dibit div

maur

dit guith^
.

lonet

Kywrug
hirell

glyu powis achlaf guinet oe hir 02wet y amviN ae

. .

Achivod

eU
6

in terwin guinet

Ac onymbit gan vy
trv

Ri

ran trugaret

Guae wi ban imbv.

,

vy
.

aparchan

Ny

bit

f diwet
llu

kywun Oian
er wyRtin
.

Ban kyhuin

aer oka'

Y harduy

dev kenev.in kywre^

.

nhin

o hil Rif aerllut

aer llyf
trin
.

bitin

Ban
12

llather yfaeffon

y kimerev
.

Guin ev.

bid vy kimri

kimrvy werin ^^g

.

aparchellan.aparchell. guiw gvif.

Nachufte Oian
.

hun bo2e. nachlat imprifc.

hael
.

is

Rac dyuod Riderch

ae cvn kyfruys

x*7x

ey

Kin

caflFael

ohonautte y coed reddaud. dychuis.

aparchell guin
treis
.

aparchellan
3*

Bei

guelud Oian
fcute

aweleis o
.

degin
brin.

Nychy''
eifte^
caftell
6
4

Nychirchud
difTeith odiflfuis liN.

hun bere nychclatude

.

Ban

tho faeffon inyfarfifren achirchu opell

gollwin atuit dillad hoev agloev dullin

aparchellan andaude ynaur ban

Oian
Ban

dottint .ve. guir guinet

ev gueith ma'
.

ur
difibn

Uaffnev in ertirn kirn aganhaur

llim
.

^riuha''
difgoga-'

no2tmin.yar
llidan llin
vit

ad

ud Ilurugev rac
.

waewaur Ami

imurth-

rin ina

gan

naue |)eu podaur a luniont

.

tegnevet onef .
.

vitinaur. a

gozefcin pdein y uiron yfwein

hid laur
adir
.

^ynan kadwaladir Kymri penbal^

.

12

ar vail o lun-

bitaud ev kinatil aedmyccaur

J[ chiurei'

dein adyattavr a mi
.

thau gulad. achiftutia

gwad

allv alle drad a

is

divahaur
aeth.
eg

Jin bi ni inaeth guared guy di gu^

Neb

ohaelonaeth nididolaur.
xx/x*"
B.B.C.

Jan aparchellan.Nud glas minit ten^

ev vy
bleit

lien imi

nyd
.

llonit

lluld yv.
.

vy
3

nim

treit

guendit

Ban

diffont guir

brineirch irguaRthluit. Kimri aozuit kein

bid ev

dit.@^@@
aparchellan. aparchellgawi.

Na
a'

OJan

chlat de redkir nac ifte.wiuuy.

Nac

char waes. Nachar.warvy. Achuffil arotafe

y wenabuy, Nauid ieuangc ferchauc fyberv

warruy.
vi.

Ami

difcoganafe gueith machav-'

Aduit gelozaur Rutinniv didmuy.

kifrvi.

O ki'
Advit
12

wranc y kynvrein bron renion

boze och. acoch ofuy. Arth odeheubarth adir^

chafuy.Ryllettaud ywir

ew

tra thir

mynvy
15

Guini bid hi guendit aeharovy ban.vo pende^

wic dyued aeguledichuy.
B.B.C.

eg

XXX

aparchellan neud blodeu drein g02laf kei^

n minit

eluit

neud kin

Ami

difcoganaue

OJan

kad coed lluiueiN.agelozaur rution rac

datlev bichein

ruthir
.

Owein. Ban gunelhont meiriev

An^

udon abrad gulad veibonin, Aphan del kadualadir

yo2efcinmon

dileaur faefon otirion pnydein

:::::::::::::::>

aparchellan

maur

erifli

auit

impdeinac
.

nim

doibi.

Ban diffon brodozion oamtiret

.

OJan
teiwi
.

mon.yholibrithon brithuid dybi Dirphaf^

ifpi

aud dreic faud fau

gurt kyuan uaran o Ian.

digiuyfci
.

Gunahaud am dyued
indi.

Bit itau
12

inaelau eilon

@^^^
M02 ennyuet nabit un enhid
faeflbn
.

apchellan.
.

y bid inunwet Palled fon

feil

kyurifO
difco^
15

OJan
aemet Ac
.

arbrithon haelon
.

hil

kymuyet Ami

ganaue kindiguet Brithon dros faeffon bRithuir

ina indaune

daun gozuolet Guidi bod

.

inhiR inhuir.VRidet.

@@^@g@^
ma^
.

18

apchellan andaude ireilon agroar ad^

ar kir kaerreon.Vnyffun aroun minit

OJan
60

on y edrich drichinnauc drich ferchogion

-^^^

21

^^-^

Ami
vy.

difcoganawe

Kad

ar yton

A chad machav^

Achad avon. Achad

cozf mochno.
caerlleon.

Achad immon.

Achad kyminaud. Achad

ith.

Achad abergwC''
tir

Achad

ieithion

Aphan vo diwed
.

tCRwin. y.

eiloN.

Maban dirchavaud mad

aparchellan.

y VRythoN.
avit
.

y.

E<-^oian

Bydan
.

Moztruan.

^X-C dyuod ac ew dybit Moaynion moelon. guraget

revit.

Karant nypharchant eu kerenhit Rvit ny

.

kywruit.vrth ygilit. Efcyp agkyueith

oian aparchellan bichan brychni
ileis

diffeith difid.

Andaude
all^
ii

adar.myr.maurevhinni. Kertozion
teithi
.

an heb ran
deupi.

K.yn fafont inydrvs

opell

tluf

nyf

Rymdivodgwyllan
.

ymi. Teernet en^

a.v-'
14

ryuet ev kiniweti

Gwitil abrithon aromani.

vnahont dyhet adivyfci.

divod
iti
.

Ac y kywenv
am

dywiev
16

Ac imlat

intaer

dvylan tywi.
51

B.B.C.

XXXI

oian aparchellan.

Bychan

breichvraf

Andav

de
^

leis

adar moz maur eu

diaf.

Kertozion allan

heb ran vrdaf. Gurthwnaud efpid abridgan gwas.

Heb

cadvid.vynepheb ran VRdaf.Ban.vo.devbro^

itaf

der.Deu

am tir.

Megittoz oc evguir.vy.hir alana.

.

oian aparchellan

Nym

dawe

kingid.
.

Oclybx

od
,

lleis

adar duwir dyar ev grid Tenev gvallt

Dolit vy ifcubaur nyd
. .

vy pen.
ur.

Yy Hen nyd did. Vy

ma^

vy

id.

crauN haw ami nid im verid

.

Kyn
kiN.

if^
10

car aduv ditaul ky vid

gozfifen bid
.

Ami

difcoganawe
.

Gwraget heb

gvilet

Gwir heb gurhid

.

"^^ oian

aparchellan aparchell rymi

llonit

Tenev
arywderit
13

c*- C vy lien nid

ymi

Yr gueith

mi nymdoabi kynduguitei awir y lavR

enlli
.

allyr

Ami

dyfgoganawe gOydi

henri. breenhin
16

na breenhin brithwyd dybi. ban vopont.ar.

52
'

xxxi^

B.B.C.

taw.

Ac arall

ar ty wi

ydav y dyved
.

ryvel

iti

St?Y aegulich y glav

ffint
.

gvir ny oztywna'
3

vy dignav kerwid achivRid

.

achav.

^Betev a tut

gvitwal
.

ny
.

Ileffeint

heb

ymtial. guryen, mozien

amozial

^ Betev
.

ae
6

gvlich kauad. gvyR.ny Ileffeint in lledrad.gwen.

agurien. aguriad
.

Bet

tedei tad

awen yg godir

bRJn aren ynydvna ton tolo .Bet dilan llan bey/

no Bet
.

keri cletifhir
.

ygodir hen egluis yny

.

diffuis

graeande
.

tarv

tozment.ymynwent

C02bre

Bet

feithenniw finhuir
.

vann y rug
la

kaerkenedir aglann moz mauridic akinran.

^n aber gwenoli.
tonnev
tir.

y mae bet pRyderi ynyterev

. .

yg karrauc. bet gwallauc hiR

Bet
inllan

gwalchmei ympyton.

irdiliv.y dynetON.

is

padaRn bet kinon

Bet

gur gwaud
,

B.B.C

xxxii

6j

urtin in uchel tytiN. inifel gwelitin

bet Kyri''
inergrid
.

on mab clytno
avon
.

idiN

Bet
.

ruN

mab pyd

in oervel ig

gverid

bet kinon in reon rid

Piev y bet ydan y brin iw.bet kinon mab clytno

.

bet gur gurt

idiN,

yg kynifc

Bet mab offv

.

ran yg cam Ian gvydi llauer kywlavan

Bet

bedwir

in alld try van

.

Bet owein ab urien im

.

pedryal bid dan gverid llan mo2vael

riderch hael
.

in

abererch
. .

Gwydi gurum achoch achein a

,

gozuytaur maur minreiN in llan helet betr-

owein .Gwydi gweli agwaedlan agvifcav

.

feir^' 12

ch ameirch cann

Neud ew hun

bet kintilan,
kig''
i

Piev y bet daycyftluN awnaiarloegir.lv

run bet
.

gwen ab
.

llyuarch hen huN.

.

Piev y bet

yramgant Ae

tut

mo2 ag0202 nant Bet mei^

15

gen mab ruN Rviw cant. Piev y bet inyrinif ae

tut

mo2 ag0202

gwrif. bet

meigen mab run

rvif

17

64

xxxif'

XC\s-r-

^s
hir.

cul

y bet ac yf hir.

in llurv

llyauf

am
.

bet meigen ab run

tri

ruyw gwir. f^Ri

bet

bodauc inarterchauc brin.ympant

. .

gwinN. gvinionauc mo2. ameilir

uc.
.

amada^
kin^
6

Bet madauc mur egluc yg kywluc

hen. vir.vriengozev.mabyguyN. owinllyuc.

Bet mo2 maurhidic

en
klnteic.

dieffic

unben. poft kinh/.

mab pedur

penwetic
.

Bet

meilir
9

maluinauc faluvodauc finhvir

diauc.
in rid

fiffcad fuir fo^

mab y bruiw

obricheinauc. Piev.y bet

vaen ked. ae pen gan y ranvaered. bet.

aluN diwed
.

Run mab

Bet alun dywed yny

o caled.

12

drewred drav. ny

kiliei

mab meigen.

mad pan

aned. Bet lliagvitel inargelardu^

15

duy. dan y gvellt aegvevel. bet epint inyffriN

gewel. Bet dywel

mab

erbin iggweftediN.
17

caeav. nybitei gur.ybreinhin. divei nyochelei

I

6s

triN.

Bet gurgi gvychit a guindodit

llu

lev a bet llaur

. .

ouit

yg guarthaw guanaf jffit [beteu

dioef.

hir

yg guanas ny chauaf ae

pvy vynt vy

pvy eu negef. Seulu oeth ac anoeth a dyuu y

noeth yeu gur yeu guaf ae
.

ceiffo

vy elated
6

guanaf. Bet llvch llaueghin ar certenhin

anon pen faefon fuyt erbin ny

bitei
.

drimif

heb drin (beteu ynhir vynyt

.

yn

llvyr

y
.

guyr

lluoffit

bet gvryen gvrhyd enguavc a

lliwelit
.

llvytauc

uab

Pieu yr bet ynymynyt

alyviafei luoffit

bet fyrnuael hael ab hy vlyt.

hir.

Pieu

ir

bet hun bet eitivlch

.

ig gurthtir

12

pennant turch

mab

arthan gywlauan gyuu^

Ich.Bet llenn llaugyfes ydan achlef mozyny

bu y gywnef. gur oet hvnnv guir y neb ny ro^

tef.

15

Bet beidauc rut yn amgant

yg keri. ac yn ryd
.

riv ly vnav. bet

17

lluofcar

britu bet omni.

Pell y vyfci ac argut gueryd machave ae cut.

hirguynion byffet beidauc

66

rut.

Pell y vyfci

19

ac anau gueryd

machave arnau beidauc

.

rut

yv hun ab emerllydau. Bet unpen opdein yn

lleutir

guynnaffed. yn yda

lliv

yn

llychur. ig ke.'

Hi uriauael bet

gyrthmul. Ebet yn yftyuacheu

y mae paup yny amheu. bet gurtheyrn gurth/-

eneu I^ian a ud yndiffeith cund drav otuch

.

pen bet

alltud

bet kindilic

mab cozknud.

Neumduc.i.
ffevin

elffin.

y prowi vy bartrin.ge^
bet ruvaun ruyvenit ran.
9

vch kinran

Neumduc.i. elffin ybrowi vy martrin.vch

kinran geffevin. Bet ruwaun Ryievanc dae^riN.

Bet y march bet y guythur bet y gug^

.

12

aun cletyfrut anoeth bid bet y arthur Bet

. .

elchwith yfgulich glav

maef meuetauc y dan^

.

av. Dyliei kynon yno y kiniav

Piev.y bet
.

15

Bet hun ahun gowin ymi mi ae guN. Bet ew. bet eitew oet hun abet eidal
. . .

hun

talyfcvn. Eitew ac eidal dieffic alltudion

18

kanavon cylchuy

drei

mekid meibon meigen

67

i.meirchmei.

Piev y bet hun .bet bruyno

hir hydir

y wir iny bro par^

.

th ydvei nybitei fo.Piev ybet

huN nid
.

aral

guythuch

ur''
3

th ervid.trathlathei cHarthei VRthid

Bet filit dywal

ine-'

drywuy le.Bet llemenic inllan elvy.ygguernin bre bet

.
.

eili-'

nvy Bet milur mireiN gnaud kelein oelav kin bu.tav

ydan meiN .llachar mab run yg

talyrth

cIun keiN.

Bet

talaN.
.

yg kinhen

teir

cad

kymynad pen pop nynth

eliffner
llv

hyget ago2et ypiRth. Bet

abner. iny winder,

tra

daear diarchar dibryder. pen

wu

wu y amfer. Bet

gur gurth y var. llachar llyv niver.in aber duwir dyar.

yny gvna tavue

hun bet

toniar

Piev ybet

in

ridev.bet

Ruyw
12

yv hunnvmab Rigenev.guradigonei daaryarwev. Piev

ybetbreint.
ffcarilnt.

y Rug

llewin ae lledneint bet gur guae.

.

yi-'

Piev y bet

in llethir.y brin

llauer

nyf guir ae^

cleve'' 15

gowin. Bet ycoel

int

mab

kinveliN

Bet

deheveint ar

awon .yggURthtir
.

mathauarn.yftifful kedwiRca^
le
.

dam Bet

aron

mab diwinviN.inhir gweuN

.

nydo^
.

deilew ar ladron .ny rotei gwiR yalon

Bet tawlogev

18

mab

llut.inytrewrud trav. mal

cafifei

ymae

iny kyftut.ae
.

clathei

but

Piev ybet

ar Ian ryddnant
68

Run.y.

20

env radev keucant. Ri oet ew. Riogan aegvant.

kyfniffen yholi galanaf.guawRut grut aten.
ir

Oet

ef

Schen

bv
3

but bet bradwen

Piev y bet pedrivah ae pedwaR

.

mein
it

amy tal.
tin

bet

madauc marchauc dywal

lleas

En

eiwoir'
rydig-'
6

elvit

y maegurhyduf hir.

paup pan

hir.Etri bet yg i<ewin kelvi. awen ae divaud imi .bet

kinon garv y duyael bet kinvael .bet kinveli

.

Bet Wvy
dygir-'
9

id

lledneif. ig

kemeif

tir.

kin boed

iiir

tuw yeif.

chei tarv trin ino treif

Bet
.

fiauN fyberv inhirerv.

minit .yrug y gverid aederv

chuerv.

chuertiiinauc braucbrid^

Piev y bet iny

clidur. tra

wu ny bv eitilur
rallt
.

bet ebediv
gelin

am

maelur. Piev y bet iny

lav.

trav

12

y lauer y

tarv trin trugaret itav.

[Y Beddeu

yny mo2ua yf bychan ay haelewy: ymae fanauc

fyberw vun y mac run ryuel afwy y mae earrwen
. .

15

verch hennin

ymae

lledin

allywy. Bed hennin

.

henben yn aelwyt dinozben bed

airgvvl

yndyuet
pi^
18

yn

ryt

gynan gyho2et Gogyuarch pob diara

.

eu yr vedg02 yffy yma. bed einyavn ab cunedda

cwl

ym
.

p2ydein

y ddiua

Pieu yr bed

yny maef
ab
benlli
21

mawr

balch y law ar y lafnawr.*^ bed beli

gawr]

wiguifc

amhoen oa.mryuef neuf ad''

.

waen .Nymgunaho tantreghif

douit

duy poen

Ny gvnaho
3

Dowit duypoen ardin amydic aeawar. Direid new.Direid

daear. Daearaul pechodaul imyoel a

duv a deweint
.

duhuned.a gothuy
yr dioteiveint

crift

nachifced. Nachifced mab.diN.

mab duv
.

a duhuned pilgeint

ew

keiff

new

achirreiveint

K.yrreiweint ageiff agoffaho duv

ac niftirmycco. anew ynof y tragh. Otreinc

mab din heb

9

imdiwin aduv.

am awnel opechaud ny mad

.

aeth eneid iny

gnaud

Ny naud ydireid

imioli aduv. in erbin dit kynhi.

nythebic drud y treghi. Cantreghif. CEla^tl)

agaitt.
12

eb coffav duv daun

diffrid

gwirion ac egilion hevid

(goimot o cam fyberwid.guae aegunel heb kel imbit.

Nycharaw alaw
od.

ol difod breffuil.pop preffent

yf

haw

14

Din wuyf

itav.

eitavclod

y duv goiev im goivod. @g

70

(_^araw voli

pedyr avedir tagtew iaun. aepelltauN.

ieith obeith atew.llara cloduaur.hael.

ygid acew im pop

pozthaur new.

Y duv y harchaw arch Roti argluit

y poeni. Naut
oil

yn

argledir eloy.imeneid rac

ri.

yrholl merthy^

Yduv y harchaw arch aton dihev rac poenev gelinion.y.

meid.opleid cofion.naut meir gwiri argueriton.

Yduv

y.

harchaw arch hewid kywiauN can dichauN vyniffrid.y.

meneid rac poenenbid naut criftonogion.ybid. Yduv. y.

harchaw arch giwreint

breiTwil inpriffur

pop
.

pilgeint

ymeneid rac poein oweint .naut duire y

feint.

rolre

Heb

coffav duv.

crfint
.

til'

CrblN.
12

gereint gelin kyftut

y gueleife
achlut.

meirch can crimrut.

Sgwidy gaur garv

.

Eac
ut o
.

K.ac gereint

gelin dihad

gueleife meirch crimr^

kad a,guydi gaur garu puyllad

71

Ivac gereint ge^

15

lin

o2mes.gueleif meirch can eucrees. a,guydi gaurga^

rv achles.

En Uogbozth ygueleife vitheint

agelozaur
3

mvy nomeint

.aguir rut rac ruthir gereint .Enllo^

gbozthygueleifegiminad. guirigrid aguaed

gereint vaur
ev.

am iad.rac

mab y tad

En llogpoith gueleife gotto^'

6

aguir nygilint rac gvaev. acy ved gviN oguydir glo^

llogpo2th

ev.En
ev.

y gueleife arwev guir.aguyar in din^"

. .

agvydi gaur garv atnev Enllogpozth ygueleife y

9

arthur guir deur kymynint adur. ameraudur llyw^

iaudir llawur. Enllogpozth

y llaf y gereint
.

guir

deur oodir diwneint a chin

tyffent
.

rillethid ve.Ua^
12

Oct

re rereint

dan vo2tuid

gereTt

garhirion graun guenith Rution ruthir erir^

.

ion blith.

Oet

re rerent

dan voztuid gereint garhirio

.

graun aebv. Rution ruthir eriron dv. Oet re rereint

15

danmoztuid gereint .garhirion graun boloch. Rution

ruthir eriron coch
.

Oet re rereint dan moztuid

72

gereint

17

garhirion graun wehin. Rutlon ruthir eririon gvlN.

Oet
hit
.

rerereint

dan vo2tuid gereint garhirion grat

. .

turuf goteith ar diffeith mynit

Oet

re rereint.

dan V02tuid gereint garhirion gran anchvant. Blaur

blaen euraun inariant.

Oet

rerereint

dan moztuid.

gereint. garhirion.graun adaf. Rution ruthir eryrion

glas

Oet

re rereint
.

dan moztuid gereint garhiri^

.

on graun eu buyd Rution ruthir eririon

livid.

Ban aned gereint

oet agoaed pirth new. rotei

crift
10

aarched prid mirein prydein wogoned.

inneRth inpoath incanho'' |Uv inkymho2th

Rthuy

XJ valch teeirn

dinaf unbin degiw

12

adwi. F^ywel

welmo2. kimry 0202

kygho2

arvy.

erruiN trochiad. t02woet ueitad vabgo2onvy.

Godrut y

var. gurt intrydar

gvae rycothvy Pe^

.

15

dridauc heul.

Muyhaw

y treul.vchel kylchwy.

xxxvn

73

Tir

l)Kyclicinaiic.(ly iaiiN |)au(l.i).iiij) ac

gwclhvy.^^Jcv Kydadlas amluith

^v:i( ciiaf lyviiy
.

cur/
.

Cr^i^ anchvant. gucnt

inynvy. Gv/-

giilad inoigaiU.Dylfriii
liir

pcnRiN yftradvi huiN. Tywi'n.wa^

Kvy.

Dyucd dvycauN

KcrcdiciauN.kif^
7

lauN owLiy. 2.mcir()nit.accwi()nit.ac

ardudvy.

E lleiw

drav.ac abcrffrav.a.

dyu^anlivy.

Rofrowynniauc. ran ardcr^

chauc.

Riigil

yg goztuy.Tcgigilotal
arial aidvy.
rliilt
.

lo

CdcirnauN
Kiiit
.

ial,

Ryucl cb/
.

diffrlN

3.nant convy

Powis cnwauc
y^

3.c;hyLicllauc ac
XXXVli^

avo
B.B.C.

13

mvj'. Dj'fifrin

hawrcn.Kcri dj'pfcn.ky^
hiicllt.

vcn

veil vy.

CI wad

Maclcnit

gucll.pcll y Ircithvy.Tcir rac ynis.ar

Teir

inis

3,r tramozdvj'

Hyucl gul ^
5

edic.vt gvcithvutic.id ygiiyfllvy.

lliarkivcir ar

pcnnic pcnn

o,

plant ncvuy. Gozuir

'aul

cdwiN.gur^

brccnhiN.dilywiN dcnvy.Drcic

angcrdaul turvfmozoct maur. Mcint

achupvj'. Rj'wifciiif llaur

am ^ vJ'fP
n

aur cur amacrvy. Bclnachancd.y.

tycrnct anlwyct Rvy.

Or faul pcnn/
13
(

aeth agcif inacth. Ervacth camrv;^.

B,B,C,

xxxi^iii

Hydir y kymhell hywel env

.

opell
1

Guell yv noc vy
.

DipRyderant d
.

yfcarant .rac y dibvy

nt. trallaud kyftut. a
.

Dihev utu '

chur kyftvy.

GweriN werid gwedy clevid crid achymvy. Ny dav metic hid ozph/
en bid. hid ynottvy. Hyuel haelaf.

vaureilaffaw gozefcynhvy.
faud hyuel uRth y hoewet
.

Cap
wy
Ry/

buchvy.

Vy

rypuched y colowin

10

ked. clod pedrydant. Ryuel dywal vrien haval.aHal vytheint.Gurifc 12

gueilgi
76

dowyn.kyvid hehowin colofyn

xxxvui^
B.B.C.

milcant

IlugiRn deudo2

lluoet ag02. gur.

bango2 breint. Pryduf pchen podaur ben. pen

pop kinweint. Go2ev breenhinor gollewiN

hid in llundein
.

Haelaw

lariaw

levaf teccaf

o adaw plant
(J
j

Gwerlig haelaw haeton vaut

.

vaton.

veitaton^vetveint Go2uir menic

mur gwerenic
.

gurhid g02mant Terruin

.

am

tir

Ri reith kyw^
8

in ohil

mo2gant Omo2Ccanhvc oRieinvc radev

.

rvytheint.Oteernon kywrid leon. galon reibeint.

vn vid veneid yellyfpp

ethil hir ac

bid. gelleift po2thant. Ho-'

.

ew
.

3.

chein y atew trvi aRtuniant ac anaw. affav aphlantr:

vrten arnav

Rad

12

B.B.C.

77

ffuynaw naut duv diamehv y dauN ae donyauc

wiffinnhev.ar dy guir erir aerev. ar dygulad
.gliledic

dehev. H^ffuinaf archafeirchadym

.

ar dydriffev aer gelwir naut kyuir kygwaftad.

.

druffad.ar didriffaur gvaur gwenvlad. ^ffuin^

aw archaw archvaurypiw
ut rac dyuar car kertaur
aur.
.

apis

new

allaur.Na^
7

ardypiRth ardipozth^

^ffuinaf

naut haut haelon deheuparth

.

diheupo2th kertozion athturuf othtarianogion,

athtozyf oth teern meibon
.

^ffuinaf y chnaut.
.

lo

nacheluch ychpozth can pthin attreguch

.

goftec-'

wir His gofteguch goftec beirt bart aglywuch.

naut haelv0net.w02ffet.nyth jSCffuinaf Kaut

ozffeiw teernet.
78

13

ardy

tozif cozyf kywriffet

xxxiid'

ardy
B.B.C.

teulu teilug

met. Metcuiw evgwiraud met kirn

aegwallav. aegwellig ineurdirn. agloev y ved in

edirn. aglivdeur. aglev teeirn.

Teernweilch pdein
.

prydaw ych priwgert .ych pwclod adigaw. ych

bart ych beiRnad vytaw. ych po2th pthin

yv

ataf,
6

^ ttep aganaw ar canhuyw

can dothuif.
divar di bart wif.

vy

argluit.ergliv. wi.

lleiffauN lliw llev gliv glevrvit . llaeffa

Viw

kertaurjm ruw
.

Ruifc
.

mozkimlaut gurt

Ruiffirt kirt
.

kert vahaut

af^-

fuinafferv herv hirvlaut

affuinaf ar wut

naw

naut. 3.ffuinaw naut duv

diamhev.y dauN.
bid pyrfe.
fit

[ vom kyd kerdd.goned kydimyteith.

yth. igueithrd. kyifun crevit
.

12

ymmared

drvi

a.

acred.
.

Kyd

credwit douit. drvi kereir

. .

14

hyt

fit

maur penyd meith peunyt eneid

.

pan im keuerchyt
BBC.

padivet aebet ambit.

16

XL

79

V dyuarch du dycapan du dy 'pen du duhunan.Iadu aetiyf^'

.

colan.

Mi

ifcolan yfcolheic yf^

4

cawinypuill ifcodlc.guae ny baut a

gaut guledic. Olofci
ch ifcol.allyviR rod y
ecluif. allat

bu^

votl.

vy penhid.

yftrum kynhi. Creaudir y creadurev.

pthidev muyhaw. kyrraw de Imi vy
gev. ath vradafte
8

am

tuyllaf ynnev.
10

Bluytln llauN im rydoded.ym.

bango2 ar paul cozed. Edrichdepo''

en imy gan

mo2
.

pr}^ued.

Bei

yf
13

cuypuN ar vn

mo2 amluc
.

guint.

y vlaen bRic guit fallum

Erav
15
.

vneuthume
C reaudir
gev.Athuradafte

bith nyf
am
tuyllaf

gunauN.
.

y creaduriev pthidev muyhaw matev im vy

ynheu.Bluytin llaun ymry^

doded.ymbangoiar paul cozed. edrichdepoenimiganmoj

XLi

pryued.

8i

yntaw geir adywedaw. y boze ban

kyuodaw. croes
crift

inwiffc

ym
3

danaw. ^Rhelv uyren yguYcav hetiu un trev a glyuaw nid ew wy

. .

duu nifcredaw. Guifcaw ymdanaw

inberth.Nycredaw coel canyd kerth
y gur
6

am

creuyfe
.

am

ncRth

Ymae

vimrid andebed arowuN ar mo2 wy^

ned

etyl butic

bitaud ked

Ymae
Dyrch^

vymrid ar kigho2. arowun myned.

armoz.
etyl butic

bytaud

I02.

euid bran yhafgell.arowun myned.

impell
.

12

etyl butic

bitaud guell
.

Dyr^

cheuid bran y hadein RrowuN

myn^
15
B.B.C.

ed Ruvein.etil butic bytaud keiN.

82
xLi*-

Yftarnde wineu

fruin
.

guiN.Redech.

hiraethauc rauN rIn

Reid

Ren new

oet
3

duu genhiN. YftaRnde winev

ot'^

biRR y blev. Ruit ygniw Rygig.

ew mynyd vo
.

trulN.

yd

uit trev.^
.

"JTftaRnde wineu hiR y neid

Ruit yg
ar lev

nyw

Rygig. woteid
.

ny

lut

trev direid

^rum kyduod
.

daeaR

tev deil dRis

melif.

chuerv vueliN met'

eiffillit

Ren new Ruitade vyneges. guledic 3,gueith wtic wof

.

1 1

prid
freid

a phedir pen

pop
.

ieith

SanP
eir-^

fuynade inimdeith

^eu\

ioled

arouned
.

argluit

crift

kely.
15

colowiN ked

Dywyccviff
tonn
.

wympe^
.

^ oirwin
Duv y
theu
.

pifc tuth eleirch

Trybelid areith
.

din a denvin kedimdeith

kein gywrev adar. hir dit

Gozwin blaen p^ bann cogev.Tru-'

83

gar dafTar

duv oiev

xlii

chaud am gueithred

@@^g@@@@s@aa@^
.

QJ

offereid bid ae^winneif y

ae

hefglp ae higneid ba beth ozev

.

rac eneid
eid creto
.

Pader

a buyeid a bendlc^
.

ae canho rac eneid

.

hid wra^
fo2t

ud goieu goztywneid Yfcythrich

a delhich
ti
.

a llunhich tagneuet .ny^

.

thvi tranc aRtrugaret

Ro
.

vyd.y.
a chenich
.

newyauc a
.

dillad

ynoeth

golychuid

o kyuil dieuil dothuid

Syberu afegur dolur aR eu knaud

guerth
iau

1 1

myned drof

ueffur. yftir nith^

ny bo puR.
.

Ryhun
o vet
.

a Ryuetuda^

ud

a Riwiraud
.

Rietillter. o.
.

gynaud
g^

Uyna chuec chuerv eRbin

AX//*

15

B.B.C.

braud
gluid
.

pinudon am

tir.

a brad ar /
2

a diuanv llaugar. dit braud

.

bitaud ediwar

O
.

kyuodi pilgeint
.

adeueint duhunau

ac ymeitunav.
criftaun
.

aR Seint
reiueint

id keiff

pop

kyr^
6

^'::=r::::zr::::^^

arbennic CRbln at^

tad
.

Erbarch o kyuarch
.

o.
9

kyuaenad GVledic
bil
11.

Ynigabll bara^

ar y parad
kanuill
.

Vy

kert ith kirpui^

.

kangulad

Can

vid pRi^
.

odaur

canuld meidrad maur

.

cauld
13

kigho2aur guaur goleuad

Canuld

bron proffuid. canuid inad. canuid

Riev hael
B.B.C.
.

canuid

Rotiad

Canuid
gq

xLui

/ athro Im. namethryad. oth. vann.oth va

ran.oth virein gulad

Namditaul

oth.

wt

.vt

echeiad.
.

Nam

gwelllc ymplic im-^

lav.

pled dirad
trewad.

Nam
ellug

gollug oth

gualluf
5

Nam

ga
.

llu

du digarad.
geneife
.
/I

wledic arbennic

Ban

honaud
tretheif.

Nid oweR traethaud

aRa^ -

Nid

eiffev.wy kerd.yg kein

ew^

reis.Nid eiffywed^

men y keweis.Nid ew
guneuthuR.
10

ym

crevis

dews

difflels.yR

amhuill na

thuill.

Na

threis.

Nid ew du^
12

hunaur ahandeneif. Nid ew RotiR new.

ir

neb nvy

eif.

Nid Rvy oawit awenyt / Nid Rvy oobruy aobRyneif Nid po2 /
keis.
.

thi

/ Ryuc ryuegeif im bron. Nid pozthi pen

.

85

xLiu^

B.B.C.

id.

Ry vetyleif. Jnadaud

wy Ren Rydamv^
rylole's.
2

neis.Rydid imeneld.Reid
kendith

y wenwas.iR dec diyrnas.

.

breifc ton
|y

bron ehalaeth Duv. 4

.

env innvfin Impop

ieith. Dylllt

enweir McIr rymath.

thofte

Mad

dev-^
7

yg

co2ffolaeth llyna
.

mab gowRi

gobeith. Adylivaf idas y Ieith. Bu drvi.

vewil
.

athuyllvRiaeth
.

in

hudaul gvar
.

guaffanaeth yargluit

Bu hywit

ac

10

nybu doeth.Ac hid vraud.ny vnyaR^

vaeth
.

Kyffei bart pridit 3,r

.

yffit

in
13

eluit .3.r hallt

arechuit

3,r
.

graean.

ar mir

ar

fir

fyweditiaeth

Beirnad
y dinwaP
87

Rodiad
B.B.C.

llara llau fraeth.

XLiv

Mui

fune gunaune eddwaeth. Kyuoethev.

Nifrdraeth.

rI.

Maur duv

hetiv.moli dyvR^
[Tdaaeth.
3

/Pllendith nautozyw new.

ir

keluit creaudir.
.

Kyuothauc duu
.

^wdouit Apis
vynveR heul
indit

lleuvcR lleuenit
.

hael

Eil kanuill crIftauN.

a leuich uch elgauN. ILocr vilioet vilenh'^

it.

Athrydit Ryuet.yv merwcRit moz.Cv

DigonefperLw.pedwerit

thrcia.cud echwit.
.
,

Cvda.cvd ymda.Cv.
t-\

.,

Ryvet.Redec

trcigiLCvthrewna.

Pa

hid.a.Nev cudvit.
^
.

-kt

auc.duwyr
echwit.

Ypen y feith mlinet. y due Rcn y Riffet ydad

wet.ynyduit.Jolune ara beir.kyvoethauc

12

duuvabmeiR.apifnewaceluit. Pandeuth^
ofte

y paffc diwedit ovffern awu ran

.

iti.

bv

Rit.

Ren new Ryphrinomne digerenhit.

XLiv^
B.B.C.

gg

g y^B vm awel Hum briN anhaut caffael did

.

llicridRidreuhidllin.RyfelwguraRvnconiN.

on trathon toid tu tir. go2uchel guaetev rac

bron bane V bre brelt allan 02 feuir. Oer lie
.

lluch racbrythuch gaeaw. crin caun calaw

truck kedic awel coed inl bluch

. . .

Oer guely
8

piffcaud y gkiffcaud iacN cul hit caun bary^

whaud

birr diuedit guit

gvyrhaud Ottid
.

eiryeiryguinycnes.nidakedwiroeneges.
oer llinnev eu llyu heb tes. Ottid eiry guiN
.

10

aren. fegur yfcuid ar ifcuit hen. Ryuaur guit

reuhid dien Ottid eiry ar waRthaw reo

.

goP

gupid gint blaen guit tev. kadir yfcuid ar yP

cuitglev.Ottideirytohidiftrad.diuryffintvy

keduirycad.mi nidaw.anaw nimgad @@^@

JCLy

89

Ottid

eiry

odv Riv.karcharaur gozuit

cul

biv. nid

annuyd hawdit

hetiv. Ottid eiry.

guin go202 mynit. Hum guit Hog ar mo2. mec-^

cidHvwyrHauerkygho2. ^urtirnamcirn.
ciRn

am cluiR.oeR HyRi^ Huchedic auiR bir

diwedit blaen gvitgvir.Genin igogaur

dit diuHth kyfful^ 7 guan gaur adar. win kewin bRin coch gwaur. GueniN igodo.
.

oeragdo rid. reuid rev pan vo. ir nep goleith.

Heith dyppo.

Guenin igkeithiv gwirtHv mo2

cRin calaw caled riv. oer divHt. yR eluit

hetiv. Gueni ig

cHdur rac gulyburi2

gaeaw. glafcunHeitcevewur. dricweuetHyv

rder ar guR. IJir nofHum rofHuid Riv. glaf

glan guilan in emRiv. garv mir glau auit het

go
XLy^
B.B.C.

IV.

jSlch guint guliphlnt.kinuetlauc

oer callet cul hit llywin

diffrint,
uit.
2

awon hinon

DriccIn imynit avonit igniw. gulichid lliw

llaur trewit
.

neud gueilgi gueled

ir eluit

Nid vid

ifcolheic.nid vid elelc unben. nyth

eluirinditreid.ochgindllic.nabuoftgurelc.

Kirchid carv crum tal cum clld. briuhid.ia.

brooet

Hum Ry dieigc glev olauer trum

.

)3ronureith breith bron.Breithbron bron

ureith.Briuhid talglan.GangaRn carv cul

grum cam.Go2uchel awel

gulrozfeuirallan.

guaet.vann.breit

KalangaeawguRimgoz^

dugo2blaengruc.go2euynauc ton moz.bir

dit deruhid ych kigho2.
.

kifcaud yfcuid ac
.
.

aral gozuit aguir deur diarchar tec nof y.

B.B.C.

XL VI

91

ffiffccau efcaR. Kinteic guint creilum coed,

crin

cauncaRu

ifcun.pelif enuiRpatirhun.

Kin ottei

eiRy hidinaRuul melin.nimgu^

naei aRtu awiRtul.towIffune Iv y bRiN.ty''

tul.Gan medRit mo2Ruit.y Rodwit aRid

aRiv eiRy adiguit .pelis pan vid kyvaR/

wit.NimgunapRydeRimpRidein heno
kyRchu bro pRiw uchei.yar can kanliN
8

oweiN.Kin imtuiN aRiweu ac yfcuid

nad. diffreidad kad kynuid.pelif pa

aR''
tir.

10

ythuaguid.

Ygur

aRithao duv. o Rigae^

12

th carchar. Rut y paR openaeth oweiN

regedamRyvaeth. Can ethlv Ruiw in. Rodwut iwcRit ateulu na fouch.guydi.

met meuil na vynuch Yboze gan

.

las

^2

XLvf

B.B.C.

dit

ban kirchuid

oet

mug maur treuit.nyd uagaud meiRch mechit Nim guna

i
.

lleuenit Had. 02

chuedeu amdiallad.me/

chit gologuit arnad.

KyuaRuuan amca'^
6

vall.kelein

aRuiaRaR wall kywranc Run

.

aR Drud aRall

Caniffonogion mugc.
.

a lataut mechit dRuduaf nif amgiffre^

dit
.

piw new peifte imi dyuit

.

GwiR

igrid. Rid Rewitto2 oeruelauc tonn.

BrI^

th bron

moz. Ren Rothid. Duvin.kigho2.

vn^^

Mechit mab llywaRch. dihawaRch

ben glvyftec llenn
.

lliw alaRch
.

kyntaw.
13

affruiNcluymus

maRch

B.B.C.

xLvn

q^

gur yv y pozthaur. Gleuluid

Ba
edi.

gauaeluaur. Pa gur aegouiN

cuvLiiur.achei

guiN.Pa imda genhid

Gulrgoievimbid.ymtynydoi.onyfguar

Mi aeguadi.

athi aegueli.
.

Vythnel

nt elel. affivyon

ell tni

Mabon am myd^
.

ron. guaf uthir

pen dragon. Kyfcelnt

.

mab. Banon.

A guiN godybRion
llyr
.

Oet
9

RiNn vy gueiffon in amuiN ev detvoN.

Manawidan ab

oet duifycufil.

Neuftuc manauid
a

eif tull
.

o trywRuid.
ar

mabon am melld maglei guaed

guelld.

Ac

anguas edeinauc
.

a lluch.

13

llauynnauc

Oetin diffreidauc ar ei^

.

din cyminauc
94

Argluit ae llochei my''

XLVif
B.B.C.

nel

ymtlwygel kei aeheiriolei.traella^

.

theipoptri.
li.

Pan

colled kelli.caffad

cuek

Afeirolei kei hid trae kymynhel.

Ar^

thur ced huaRhei.y guaed gouerei. Jn

neuat awarnach In imlat

ch.

ew agura^

Ew

aguant pen palach.inatodev.

.

diffethach

ym

minit eidiN a,muc

a. 7

chinbin.Pop cant id
.

cuitln. Id cvItlN.
.

pop cant rac beduir bedrydant

.

Ar
10

traethev trywruld In arnvm agarv/

luld.

Oet guychir y annuyd o clety'^ ac yfculd Oet guaget bragat vr'^

.

th .kei ig

kad Oet cletyw ighad

.
.

oe
ar

13

lav digulftlad
lleg ar lies
B.B.C.

Oet hynelw guaftad

,

gulad

Beduir
XLVIII

a Bridlav.
gr

15

Nau

cant guarandau

chuechantyeirth^

au.atalel yoztinav. Gueiffon

ambuyint

oet guell banultint. Rac Riev emRcis. gue^

leife
.

Kei aR urif Preltev gozthowif oet 4

.
.

gur hir in ewnis Oet trum y

.

dial

oet

toft

y cynial

Pan

yuei owual yueiuR^

7

th

peduaR.ygkad pandelhei.VRth cant idlathei Nybei duv aedigonhei. Oet

.

diheitaghev kei
gonint

Kei guiN

allachev.di''
10

we kadev.kin

gloes glaf vcRev.

.

yguaRthaw yftaw inguN Kei aguant

nav guiton Kei wiN aaeth von y
.

dilein
13

lleuon
paluc.

yifcuid

oet

mynud
tud.

cRbiN cath

Pan gogiueirch
.

Puyguant
.

cath paluc
ei

Nau ugein kinlluc a cuyt^ a iny buyd. Nau ugein kinran

.

16

q5

XLvnt'

B.B.C.

BO
SVL einoeth kiclev lew held pen jrethin pell ban j f^
.

o"

dygneid ony lochir

.

llaur

ny ffeid

| dauc. in

B'

5 '
*

2(
'

a.n if

coegauc

yffi

mozeurauc ahin

?
"^

emil His guallauc.minnev bitawgolv^

ir
.

p^

^
-

oed emendiceid
.

guit attinvif y ligad. in

y wit gwallauc ab lleinauc aRgluit.^^

h'

|
"^

JB oed emendiceid
oe
JE3
ttv.

irguit dv.attinnuify ligad

O
Si.

Oq

guallauc ab lleinnauc pen llv.^

iR guit

oed emendiceid
ligad oe penn. g.

guenn. attinvif y

ab lleinnauc unbew .@
ir

B oed emendiceid
ligad

guit glas

attinnwif y
12

inguaf.g.mab lleynnauc VRtas.

'arv trin anvidin blaut arbenic

'llu

Hid anhaut
.

dinam

eiroes

am
.

oes naut

g^-n

gur gURt y kinnit

arbennic

llv

Hid owit .athvit naut

xL/x

ro"^

canyferchit

feidrad.

C B

anif naut

im arotit.moz vcRth ythog-'

Ilv

yuechit

guaur

py dv pandoit .@@@

an deuaw o kad achiminad maur ac

aeflaur in

aghad

briuint

penaur
.

pel-'

A
C

th kiuarchaw
in
.

hv yfcun gur ae
iv

ifcuid

aghen pebir gur pan

dyechen .
.

aringrun wi march kad trablut hud

im gelwire guin mab nud gozterch crc

.

urdilad

merch

lut

^g
10

anifti

guingur kiwiR. racod ny ryim^

.

gelir

.minnev guitnev garanhir

.

g
12

N
N

ini

gade gan kyulauaret ahi

urthifru''

in id

yd wet

dywrif im trum tawuy anet

.

y tawue neffaw alawaraw uRthid nam^

.

vin y tawue eithaw

chr mo2

terruin trei^
16

aw
g8

Yfcithreid vy

modruy euR kywruy

B.B.C.

AZ/A*

cann

ygan wyauaRvy.

gueleif aer rac

llv

kaer wantvy.

Rac mantvy
.

awelei
.

aeffaur brihuid. tozrhid eif

mygedaul
nut but
.

kein adygei treif

bitinaur
.

Gwin ab

kint y fiRthei kadoet rac car^

.

netaur dy ueirch no bruyn bRiw y laur.

Yftec vy ki ac

iflrun. a,c

yffew oaev 02 cvn.

. .

Doamarch oet hunnv afv y maelguN

]_)

02mach truinRut ba
iffamgiffredit
it
.
.

ffillit

aRnaw can^

dy gruidiR ar wibir win^

iny
lie

Mi awum

lias

guendolev
.

mab

keidav colowin kcRtev

ban

ryeR^'

12

hint brein ar crev.

Mi awum

inlle 11a

bran,

mab

ywerit clod lydan.ban ryer^

.

int breiN

gaRthan

Mi awum

He

llaf

15

llachev
B.B.C.

mab

aRthur uthin ig keRtev.

L

gg

ban ryreint brein ar crev.

meuric
.

Mi awum
.

lie

llaf

mab
.

karreian clod edmic

ban

ryreeit

brein ar cic

Ny buum
.

lie

llaf

gwallauc

mab
lie
.

goholheth teithiauc

attwod

lloegir

mab

ynnac

Mi awum
ir

lie lias

milvir pridein
.

02 duyrein
bet.

goglet

Mi. wi wiw. vintev, y

Mi awum
ir

He Has milguir bridein 02

.

duyrein

dehev Mi.

wi.

wiv

vintev yaghev.
.

yd karhwiue mozva . caffaaue mo2 pyr

toei

wanec carrec camhur glev diwal

. .

hygaR hael huyfcur yfcinvaen

tic clydur.

beiRt bit bu'

Go2uc clod

heiliN benffic awiktul,

hid braud parahaud y CRtiwul.

.

Ty yd

car^
treif
i

13

huiwe mo2ua caffaaue ton Digones ton

oer cleis y ron
vit
.

Ew

kuynhiw iny wuiw

her''
16

hon. Gweith heinyw golchiw aRwin''

100
^^

B.B.C

vywron kid y
.

lleinv

keudaud

nif beirv caloN.

a.c

inllvrv kyheic
.

kimod yroN. Yflim edivar

3

oe negeffev ban WRiffuis pebnur pell y aghev.

glev diwal kyweithit yd

vam

indev .Menic

it

aRwet duwiR dalennev. ^^^>^

Fechid
.

diRiftan

othiwod.mi nythcRvill imdj^

od ompaRth gucRtheiffe march iRod.

^^
ymelis
.

Dial kyheic amoet

och co2r dy
fozr

blis

am y kywrev
.

de ymi bv ewnis ^

Archauc agirch ydinaf aecuNgwiw

ion ae ciRn bras
.
.

nythadwaen mi ry'
.

thwelas Marchauc akirch

ir

aber.

12

yar march cadarn kad fer.Dabregen^

hiw nym gwatter

Mi nyd awinainaur.go'
new.
a.
15

tev gueithygodriccaur.elhid bendith

llaur
.

Y gur nim guelaf

beunit
LI

y tebic ygur''
10 1

B.B.C.

deduit .ba hid eidy aphandoit

Ban deuaw

o caer feon oimlat ac itewon. itaw caer lev

agwidion. Dabrede genhiw
it
.

ir dinaf

athu^
,

met ara phellas ac eur coeth

ar diwanaf

Mi nydadwaen ygurhy ametev

tec

tan agveli.
6

achuec ydiwedi. Dabre genhiw imtino

.

athuit guiw goayfgelho?

Vgnach yw.vyheno

mab mydno. Vgnach

Rad acenRydet.
itti

bendith ithozffet athvo

talieffin

viw inhev talaw

dygulet. Talieffin penhaw 02guir.

beitad

yg keRt kyueRgiR

trie

ima hid dy v
. .

merchT Vgnach mvihaw y alaw athvo

12

rad ygulad pennhaw. ny haetaw kabil ny

thrigiaw
.

14

102

^/^

B.B.C.

aglyuaw. ar claur maelenit

eluan gaur.Teulv
haur.

Oduryw

piiitmaurafcant.
.

Mur

eluit

madauc mad an^

benlli gauR.

Mai

teulv.

bann

Goduryw aglyuaw.
.

ar claur iei^ 6
.

thon hiR hydir y wir ar faeffon

uw. tozmenhoet kinoN.

Teulv madauc mur galon.Mal tur^

Goduryw

a glivaw.
muR

Godo2 drein waewaur

.

gu''

ae loeglr in dit keiN Teulv

prydeiN
. .

madauc
in llith^
.

yn
.

lluithauc

iav BreiN

GoduRyw
.

agliuaw

ar

13

claur llavur rei Ryuelclod diffegur.

Teulv madauc mur

eglur.

Mai gavr

tozyw teulu arthur. Goduryw agly^ aw. ar claur vagv glyv. gloev mada^
B.B.C.

byeiwu Trinva kyva kinytu Trydit tri di^

.
.

weir teulv.

99arunati Sl^atiauc fir fi^awnut.

.

y warchaw Im rI. Rad wobeith

Kyw^

archaw kywercheife canweith.Ypro^

wi prydv. pwieith eurgCRt .ymaR^

gluItkedymteith.YcvInavmadauc.met^ weith yalar. aealon ympopieith.Dozyf/

cozyfcvid canhimteith Tarlan In aerwan
. .

in

evR weith. Turuw grucyg gotucgoteith.

efcar yifcuid in dileith
.
.

Tariw

Rwy
.

10

miRt kyRt

kcRtozion

wobeith Rut
.

dilut diletyw kedimteith

Ry

gelwid
.

madauc kin noe

.

leith

Ruid galon

y. 13

vogion diffeith.Rvit attaw attep vygo^ beith Rit wiffcoet weffgviN canhimte^
. . .

ith

Rut ongir. Bran vab

t-ii^

llir

lledieith.i6
B.B.C.

104

Ruit y clod includav anreith. Rvtwo^ auc vaon ny oleith. Rad waftad gwif-^

don canhimtelth Ilawin aryrad.igkad ie^ cvnlleitlf llav efcud. dan ifcvd calchw^ "
.

#
^^'"
f^\'^

agar.okidw''

powif peues diobeith! Haul 5 dth. owIn gur ny miNN mabweith Hvil yf/ ^ ^" *^' cvn yfcvid pedeirieith^: Hael madauc. 7
reith. llev
.
.

'"

heirn henO

veuder anhyweith. Can deryv.DaRfv //am oeleith Can daeraud .Darw ked/
.

eith.

ymteith!
ledielth
diffeith
.
.

Oet

beirt-car.Bart

clvm

di

10

Oet cadaRn

ago2.

DywinmoJ
13

Oet hiR y truited Oethyged higar Oet llawar guyar. oe kywa-^ rweith! Oet buelin bias gwanaf gw^
.

aedreith.
ieith.
B.B.C.

Oet

eur-llev. o aer llin

kad^

Oet Diwarn kadarn kedymde^

L///

jQc

mteith unbiN. Oet diRn in heiRN. haea-^

rn y talheith die diwet yfpo can bv. y
. ,

lelth

Ydiwin y cam kymeint y affeith.

.

Yg goleuder feint
^^L eithenhin
fawde

go iggoleudeith leuad rad.rididpfeith. ^^^s@

.

Yg

^
5

allan

ac edrychuirde vara/
7

J^s^J nres moz. maes

guitnev Rytoes.Boed emen^

.

diceid y mozviN aehellygaut guydi cvIn finauN wen-'

eftir

mo2

terruiN

Boed emendiceid y

vachteith ae.
.

golllgaut guydi gueith. finaun.weneftir

mo2

diffeith. 10

Diafpad vererid yarvann caer.hid ar duu ydodir.

gnaud guydi traha trangc

hir.

Diafpad mererid y
.

ar.van kaer hetiv.hid ar duu y dadoluch.gnaud gu^

ydi traha attreguch
.

13

Diafpad mererid

am

gozchuit

heno.ac nimhaut

gozlluit. G.G. traha tramguit.

16

Diafpad mererid y ar gwinev kadir kadaul duv

106
^"^^
B.B.C.

ae gozev. gnaud guydi gozmot eiffev

erid.

Diafpad

meu

amkymhell heno yurth

trangc pell.

uyiflauell.

gnaud guy^
vann

di traha

Bet

feithenhin fynhuir

Rug

kaer kenedir aglan.moz maurhidic a kin raw.

(Enioeb
'ec

msibon

Iljtoarcl)

lim.

yd gan iradaren ar pwit pren. vch.

.

pen gwen kin y olo dan tywarch briw^

ei

calch hen

ozeu

trywir inev gulad y am''

.

diffin

ev

treuad

Cithir
.

ac erthir

a.c

argad. ^ri meib Uywarch

tri

aghimen.

kad. Tri cheimad awlawen

.

llev. ac araO.

ac vrien J^andid hauf imachuiffon oe ad^

av arlan awon y gid allvewur lluydon

.
.

B.B.C.

i/y

07

^ary
gjmun

trin ryuel
.

adun

cledir

kad kanvill o
.

Ren new Ruy aendeid huN. @

3

Gpzev rywir y dan new y amdiffin euhadew

pill.aseliw.

asandew. @gs@
.

bo2e gan las ydit

.

bankirchuid

mug
.

ma''

ur trevit nidoet vagaud meirch mechit

@@

Kywarvan am
.

cavall

kelein an wiar ar wall,

arall
.

ky vranc Run ar drud

Diafpad adodir ygwarthaw Hue vynit. o.

duch pen bet

kinlluc

meu

gerit.

mi ae gozuc.

Ottid eiry tohid iftrad.Diwriffmt kedwir ycad.

mi nyd aw anaw nimgad

@^

12

Nyduid

yfcoleic.nid vid eleic vnben nithel^

.

wir in dit raid och kindilic nabuoft gureic .@s

Pell otima aber llyv pellach yn duy kyuetliw.
.

15

talan teleifle deigir imi hetiv.

s@@@
B.B.C.

108

^^f'"

The Verb To Be and

its Compounds.

* The work done on the Verb Substantive in Old Irish has suggested the Welsh paradigm, here offered tentatively. The references are to the text of this book with certain illustrative instances from the Books of Aneirin and Taliessin, as well as the poe/ry in the Red Book of Hergest. The usage in prose must be examined and compared before arriving at a final classification of forms like handes, boet, and compounds of bwyat, bid. In the older Welsh poetry bySav, as well as bint and its compounds appear as futures. The pluperfect is unknown. I owe special thanks to Prof. Strachan for suggestions, and for sympathetic criticism.

Present Indicative.
1.

2. 3.

wif 78-2, 798 vif 5019 viw 79-8, 102-9 ; wi ICX3-6-8 ; oef50'2. ^. andwyf 15-22. 7a/. mitOyf 19-22 mydOyf 71-23. R.B. ydwyf 168-35-40 yttwyf 23-/^ handOyf 12-27. wyd. vid 77-10, 8511, gi-5, 92-6, 108-13 "id 85-12-15, 108-13.

Wyv.

deryv 1-3, 105-8 woriv 17-4 paniv 98-6. Tal. yttiO 12-23 dei-yO 27-10. Laws eu 85 ; yhu 98 R.B. iO lyij ; eu panyhu 104 henyw 76. 12-22 yOr 24-77 nyt ydiO 938 kennyw 172-10. p. mac. 2b-y(), 63-13, 69-5-14, 82-7. y. oes. 21-13,34-1, 5313, 97-15. ra/. dices 13-24610. fis 99-7; 565-1. h.ys = \x.is = k<TTl=^is. 337-5,53-12,65-1 70-15, 81-7 ;yss 99-7;, *. yssyd= there is. Yssit Tal. 27-9, 28-18-25, 33-21. R.B. yssit 11-13.
; ;

yw.

yv

23-6, 59-2, 67-2, 76-2,

;

795, 88-8, 94-1

I ;

id

f.

1).

Yssit 35-6, 41-6, 53-1 1, 66-2, 87-12 yssyh = 'who, which, what is. 53136-12,37-10,41-6-9,97-3; yssy 56-7, 69-19; issi 38-6, 39-11 L'S5i 38-5. An. si 5-18. ossid=if there is. ossit 59-22 Tal.
;

od=if it is. ot R.B. 1-23. nyd 59-2, 62-8. [-98-14 nid=itis not. TTio, 8-8, 26-11, 53-6, 68-2, 82-4, 867, 899, go-2,,( 3 pi. _)'/. yd ynt An. 2-15, 14-14, neut ynt 27-17. Tal. nyt ynt 26-14
6.
i.
;

1.

2.

ydynt2oi4,6o-i5. R.B. ydynX. 17-8; ot ynt 21-34; derynt Imperfect Indicative. oehwn. oetun 23-11 24-5. v4. oedwn 3-7. oebud. oedut An. 2ri8 R.B. ivj/.
; ; ;

16-28.

3. oe8.

pi.

37-19 oefyn,

ytoed 7-16. Tal. am dioed 19-17. R.B. handoed 171-^. oetin 9414. An. oedyn 13-2, 364. Tal. oedyn 14-24, oedynt 67-26. R.B. hannoedynt 16-7.
;

oet 1-9, 11-2, 34-2, 46-6, 49-17, 54-1, 66-15, 67-17, 69-1, 72-73, it oet 20-11 ; 3'2, 94-96, 105 oeth22-i3, ?66-5 yt oet 45-11 ; nid oet 1086 ; ad oet 46-5 ; canydoet 43-2. ^.oid 34-21-22,
-t.

Abnormal Imperfects.
3sg. Bwyad. buiad 507. ^ 3 sg. Byhat 1215 R.B.
a.

AA

12-5, 17-3-5-31.
y.

3 sg.

Buei

j//. buyint 96-2 15-23 R.B.

N2 ^^^

109

Imperfect Indicative
isg.

&

Conditional.

Byhud. vytud iy2. 3sg. Bybei. bitei 65-17, 667, 68-2. ^. bydei i8-20, dy- 5-4, hu- i6"3 ; [bithei 3573 pi. ^^-ayn;?. uitint 963. A^.bydynt 12-35.

By&wn.

Tal.

bydOn

59' 14.

2 sg.

Future Tenses.
I

sg.

Byhav.
^j/Sy.

bitaw 97-4

vytaw

79-5.

Tal. bydaf, 7-9, 65-10

dy-

2sg.

by8y/?.A

15-36.

[bydaf
;

19-13.

3 sg. byh. Bit 31-11,

53-8, 55-4, 56-11, 57-6-8, 60-11-13, 70-14, 79-16; bid 52-5, vit 4-3, 47-8, 51-15, 522, 6r6,88-io-i2, 97'i6, loo-ii S4'8, 59-5 ; ad uit 55-16, vit 562 ; yd uit 88-12 ; dybit 55-10,

dyuit 938; rybit 51-11 rydybit 54-12, dim gorvit 52-5, -uit 5rii, 59-4 digorbit 52-14 Tal. dydybyd 42-20 deruyd guibit 76, 472. 18-4; deubyd 17-17-24; bieiuyd 18-5. R.B. hubyd 13-27. Tal. bydant 21-21; dybydant 3 pi. Bybant. vydant An. 3018. 26-12. Laws, bydan 75 bedant 98.
;

61-7; diwit 51-10;

:

-dibit 57-3 gorbit 27-2

/3.

Byhiv. \Cp. kuynhiw 100-15. R.B. mudif ir/o.] Tal. bydif 57-12, 58-11, &c., gOydif 63-21. 3 sg. Bythawd. 'bithaud T\.; bitaud 56-7, 58-13, 82-9-13, 85-3; bytaud82-iri5. 7>i/. bydha(it78-7 bythaOt 76-10 bydaOt 10-27. /?.^.bydha()t 20-29, dy- I74i4 bythaCtt 18-3 byda()t5-9, 17'^^
I

sg.

pi.

Byha6nt. Tal. 78-5 c/. gOnahaOnt 13-9; meShaOnt 78-6. nuch= aOnt 78-1 pebyllyaOnt 77-15 cuinha&nt deflebunt. Juv. Gl.
;

y.

3 sg.

3 sg.
3
pi.

adwi 7'3-i3 dybi 60-9, 62-16; g"ybi 54-9. An.h\ 1-5 vi 12-12. Tal. bi 312; atvi 16-12-13; dybi 426, 3315 dyui 72-20; dj/mbi 76-8 deubi 3-9 dyderbi 77-23, -pi 17-18. B.B.hi 1-14; deubi 20-44 dybi lyiS dyvi 2 34 dyderbi 2-2 ; dyworpi 5-18. Biawd. Biaut R.B. yi4'37.
Bi.
bi

5815,
;

vi 52-6, 84-8
;

dorbi6o-8, 62-14
;

deupi 61-13
;

Bint.
13-11.

bin

An.

14-5.

R.B. dybyn

176-18.

Tal. bint 64-22 ; dyfynt 59-10 ; dyozfyn Bitit is app. Imper. in Laws 17-8.

Customary Present Indicative.

},%%.

Bid=is wont
337,107-15.

to be.
-/?..5.

Bid

19-1-2,
;

266

deruhid 91-14

handid

bid 8-1-36

derffid 15-13.

pi. f

Bidan

5-4.

Present Imperative.
;

3 sg.
/3.

bid 47-16, 52-5, 79-12 uid 59-9. boed 462, 97-5-11, 106-7-9. -An. poet 13-18,23-12, 3 sg. Boed. Tal. boet 4-20, 17-20, 28-20, 30-10, 42-26, 44-9, 46-21, 27-19. poet 18-23. J^-B- boat 24-8, 173-30 poet \o'42. [SUBJ. 698]. *See note on futures in -aud etc. on page 112, lines i 10.
there be.
;

Bid^let

10

B.B.C.

Preterite Indicative.
1.

Bu-um,Blim.
Bu.

buum

ioo'3; wumgg'ii-i;, 100M-7

uum

7'8

pir

2.
3.

^<7jA 22-3, 9r6, 108-14.

88-14,
101-9,
;

^- 26-14; vuost

12-3.

[wu-uf 22-12.

4-5, 66-15, 68-5, 87-8-11

I.

3.

dyuu 664, -fu 402, -ffu 50 13, -wu An. dydaruu 15-17. Tal. deubu 71-25 dybu 51-7, 66-11 dyfu 108, 19-14, 739 dymgofu 74-6. R.B. kanvu 22-6 goruu 225 gOybu 22-16. Buam. vKam 101-4; darfvam 105-8. R.B. 170-6 vuam.Buan, -t. uuan3-5 want 34-5 daruuan6-ii ;darwant46-3. Buant An. 6-17, 9-3-10, 21-7. Tal. 4-16, 6-2-9, 24-16, 53-22 dy- 6-3.
69-11, 88-14

1062; darw
45'lo.
;

bv 42-2, 46-4, 577, 69-11, 72-15, ; fv 21-5, 42-2, 998; ffv 2113; wu 68-9,
;

105-9

42-14

guybv
;

1.

Present Subjunctive. Bwyv. buyf 50-7, 51-6; wuyf 70-16; wuyw

buve
34-11.
.^.-

41-12

vwyf
;

27-11.

7a/. bOyf

wuiw 318 &c.

; ;

100-15

2.
3.

I.
;3.

Tal. vych 27-25. R.B. vych 1-38. vo 47-2, 62-4, 74-13, 83-5, 102-8-12 U08-5 ; aduo 86; atnappo8-2 darffo 83 dyppo 90-10 gorpo 17-4 Tal. darffo 19-2 ; yf po 106-2. An. deupo 615, 7-1318, 2021. diffo 57-11 dyffo 10-12, 11-813, 16-7; gOyppo 43-24. Laws darfo & ryfo 9-2 pyeufo 91, 95, g6 byeyfo 78 hanuo 76. R.B. atvo 16-7 diuo 21-16 dyuo 1627 g02po 176-19. vom 79-12. R.B. 19-25. diffon 60-8. 3. Bon, -t. vont 55-4

Byck.

Hanpich

35-2, 37-6.

Bo

8-13, 54-10, 84-13

3 sg.
pi.

gOypOy R.B. gorpOy 169-28. Bwynt. B&ynt Tal. 5-15, 10-19, I3'22, 77-9. Imws buynt 97, 1 19. R.B. bOyn 12-7, 13-20. Cp. kafftynt 20-24, rybrynhOynt 20-/J.
;
;

Bwy.

?bvi'r69;2.

Tal.

?anb0y'r7-5

dyu&y6o-ii

28-26.

\.

Bewn.

3.

Past Subjunctive. 1 Bei ys cuypun 81-13. 1-38. ^ 41-1, 53-2, 56-5, 58-2, 75-11, 8ri2, 968; vei 18-4-8, 68-2; uei 97? kyffei 87-12. An. pei 26-18, 35-9, 37-6-21 dyffei 2-3.
BetOn
;

.ff.5.

Tal. dybei 6-3

'i'^X.

dy-fei 3-8,

-ffei

13-20.

R.B. a wypei T2g.

Beynt.

beynt .Sra/j 298-13.

-T Preterites.
1.

Douth-um
Deuth-oste

22-13
23-7,

gwneuth-um 81-14
;

imteith 22-10

[7a/. ceint

19-1, 23-20, 33-2-3-6-8, 34-5

2.
3.

876, 8813
; ;

gOeint 23-21-2, 26-13.] ceunt-oste 21-8.

;

Aeth

pi.

deuth 41-3, doeth 44-15, daeth 3-2 gwnaeth 38-7 ry maeth 87-6, 92-13 diffirth 4012; kymirth 40-12; cant 701-13, 103-2; guant 956, 96-11-14, deuth-an 2-8, -ant 466, doeth-an 3-9, 4-5. [gvuni 69-1.
70-10, 97WZ
;
;

dodaeth 2311, 24-7

B.B.C.

J I J

Some of the less familiar forms of Verbs. The characteristic of the Subjunctive Mood,'& of the Indic.
Futures in -aud, -aur, -tor, is h=-%., e.g. Present in -id car/zuiw ioo'i4, llun//ich 847, can/<o 84"5, gweWvy 74*2, digon^om 30'3 gunel/iont 60 4, ffo/>er 56, prin^ei 4ri, torr//id 99"3, briuAaud 589, tal/iaur 31 '12, kenhi//or 527. b + h = p. adnaiod: atna;>;>o 8'2; scuio gosgu^id 89'i2; achu^vy 75'io. d + h = tt. orfi oid 89 norfi nottvy 767; gai/u gaer 31 '5; dyaaur58. ! + h = th. byS: biMaud7'i; eisteS eisteMosS's; roSi roMid 93'io. g + h = cc. edmy^u etmyaur s8'i3 ma^ meccid 90^4 [teav 42'3]. v4-h = ff. darz'od: dar^ 8'3; dyvod dy^o io'i2 cq^aho 70*9.
;
; ; ; : : ; :

&

Pres. Subj.

I sg. Canhuyw yg'6 karhwiu ioo'9, carhuiw ioo'i4 (credwi/it 79'i4) dywyccviff 83'i5. 2 sg. Cenhich, delhich, llunhich, yscithrich 84"6-g. canho 845, ceisso 66'5 coffaho 70'9 dalho 3 sg. Bendicco 35^3 7'i I dehoglho 74 dirmycco 709 eistetho 585 ; erlinho 8'8 gwelho 7'6 ; gunaho 70^3 rithao g2'i i roto 29'i2 ; tragho 7o'9.
:

/3.

achupvy 75'io
ry- 73'i5
; ;

creddoe 5315; canhwi 48-3; cothvy 706, eirolve 32'i2 gorescynhvy 76'8; gwelhvy 74'2 guiftlvy 75'5 guledichuy 47'S, 48'i, 59'i6 gunelwy 47'i5 harhowe 482, -ovy 59*15 nottvy 767 treithvy 75*3.
;

dirchafuy 59'i4

1 pi. Diwyccom 3o"3 ; digonhom 303 ri phrinom 88'i5. 3 pi. Canhont33'6; gunelhont 6o'4 fafont 6i'i2 vvnahont 61T5. /"rtWiV^.-Briuher 5"5 keisser 5 ri 5, 52"2 elher 33"i2 ffoher 5'6 gwatter iori4 guelher 2'6 naccer 34*9 llather57-2 prouher 6'i.
; ; ;
;

PastSubj.

3 sg. chvarthei 68'3; kymynhei95'3;delhei 967;digonhei

96-8;huarhei95'4;llathei68'3,95i,96-8;prinhei4ri;rothei43'3. Briuhid 3 sg. Pres. Ind. in -id. cp. Absolute forms in Old Irish. dyrcheuid 82'iri3; 9i7'io, 99*3; kirchid 917; kynvllid lo'ii
;

gosgupid 89'i2
67'i9
3 sg.
io'2
;

gulichid
;

9r3

Uicrid 89*2
;

meccid 90*4
; ;

mekid
;

mettrid irio ottid 89-90 *rothid 93'io tohid 8g'i4, 1081

;

*reghid 14T0
toid 89*3
;

1,

reuhid89'2, go'g torrhid 99"3, etc.

in -aud. Briuhaud 58*9 kaffaud 52'6, 768 ; cluttaud dyr-chavaud 48'i2, 53'6, 60-9, 6ri5 gunahaud 54'4, 6o"ii Uettaud 25-6 ry Uettaud 59'i4 parahaud 100T3 reddaud Pres. barywhaud 897 58'!. blyghaud 1012, gvyrhaud 87'8 ? daeraud io5'9 ? duraud ii'i. | cp. amas, axaat. 3 sg. Futures Passive in -aur, -tor. Canhaur 58"9 didolaur 58-16 ; dileaur 606 divahaur 58'i5 dy dygettaur 25'8 dyattaur 58m uolaur 37'4 talhaur 3ri2 etmyccaur 5813 godriccaur iori5 kenhittor 527 megittor 62-5 Pres. brithottor 33*5 rewittor 93'9. Sigmatic Subjunctive. 3rd sg. Pres. duch 40-5 As duch duw yny dangneuet, Addl. 14869, 45b-i ; Boed ef an duO an du6ch attaO, t Tal. 28'2o. Gwares R.B. 1-35.
;

Future
dir-,
;

Imperative.

\ Continued on page 157

beloTV,

112

B.B.C.

PALAEOGRAPHICAL NOTES.
The
following

Paleographical Notes

deal with the correct

readings of the Manuscript, not necessarily with the correct forms of words, much less with the meaning of the text.

N.B. All who

Facsimile open before them.

read these Notes should do so with a copy of the Collotype The subject of every note is the italicised

portion of the word, or words, at the head of every paragraph. contractions are used for brevity.
altd.

The

following

altered

app. apparently
cler. clerical

cp. compare
err.

error

mod. modern or.original, -ly rad. radical wh. which

wr.

written

hd. hand
Ir. later

line

tsuggested by J.M.J.
is

The
MyrtiN.

first

page
is

gall-stained

and dark, but

legible with the

exception of the

first

word

at the top right hd.

This
the
"^

VI genhy'.

shadowy with no The mark , is used in

'

corner, to wit, trace of the colour (red) left. this MS. to indicate an omission.

Under
omitted

there

is

in ca</uan

is

a smudge only, while in '4 the , under the by a Ir. hand neither has therefore been
:

reproduced.

r; kyulrtuan.

r6

tryuruyd.

Bottom half rubbed and Altd. into & by a Ir. hd.

:

illegible.

17 Talyes. A horizontal stroke over a vowel usually denotes or n Iiere it stands for sin. Read Talyes.y2>z.
:

'9

tozyuu-.

The second
is

half of the o

is

practically illegible, but

undoubtedly t02yuu = t02yw (mod. toi/). Here we have an instance of " double u " used for a/, hence the origin of
the

word

its name cp. 87 enaayret as a rule, for 7/=/ of mod.

:

= ena/ire8.

Final

w in this MS. stands,

113

Welsh orthography.

2'2 ineutur

i.e.

in

or at DeuSwr.
in

syllables

and n

unaccented

nd\n Welsh yields in accented For example ca^Ia = syllables.

cawyll,

calefl?a=cala, but calei.f, descert'o = discyu. the proclitics an, yn, wyn ( = fyn) are joined to Similarly words beginning with d-, the </is assimilated. Hence \n + a'eutur

when

iweutur, not ieutur, because the first syllable

is

not accented.

iyffrin 65'i5, iywinder 68'8, yigabil 85"9, iyganhvy wyihenit 50'I3, wivywron ioo'i6, vy ruc 24'2. The B.B.C. observes this as a rule, but it also has instances such as in nvfin

Compare

47'4,

87"5, as well as

yn, vyn and vy, followed by the radical form of

the noun

vy^/arogan, etc. \ineutur may also be rendered in two or read in eu iur=mod.yn eu twr. towers,
:

kyulaun. Metre and rhyme seemingly require kyulauan.' = mod. vvAn\ = rad. buant. 3'5 \x\xii.xi 37-4'l. The order of the words is indicated by the marks
3'2

'

Read: Trwy a thrwy, rhwy a rhwy, y doethan Traw a thraw, im doeth braw am Elgan. Hitherto printed bra, which makes no sense: rhyme 4'i braa. and reason require bra/< = braw. The scribe also wrote bra, wh. some Ir. hd. altd. into n by joining the hmbs at the top. Cp. \V2. Wr. over erasures the writing i,'i Llat dcjuel oe diuet kyu\a.va.n.
; ;

is

therefore blurred.

4'4 wnaethan/.

proves that

Covered by the rubric paragraph mark. The rhyme n was silent, in words of more than one as early as xiith century, and was often omitted, as in syllable, the verbs doethan, darparan, etc., and in nouns like Morgan,
final / after

4'9 wuchit
5'
I

= rarf.

buchit = buche8 = vita.

'

[dyffryn, etc.

darpan = darparan.
guadlan.

5'2

6-2 fei/>4ran. 6'5

7- 10

p = pa>- as well as p^r. The verb here is Scr. err. for guardian.' \darpar. Cp. 47. There are traces of an erasure between t and h.

App. 'diw' should be read here. The MS. This page, wh. is dark and dirty, ends the first quire. is defective here at least one quire is lost.
:

kinhuan = tkynwan, onset. Nid cur llauur wrth di da.

8'

10 reuu/.

Wr. app. over an erasure which extended beyond -et. This page, wh. was once an outside page,' is dark and dirty.
'

114

B.B.C.

9'

Devs

Ten
:

rymawy awen.

Rm

should be

Ri?fn,

both here and

elsewhere

Compare: Rymafei biO blith yr haf. Rymafei edyftraOt y gayaf Rymafei win gloyO ac oleO. Rymafei torof etc. Tal. 707-9. Altd. letters, and consequently abnormally formed, 9"5 trybetoaud.
especially the a. a faint way, as if

the metre requires, and the word is, a dissyllable. Ren nef rymawyr Ay wedi. Tal. yi2.

The / is joined at the top to the following t in made by a pen when the ink was all but ex-

hausted.

other instances.
si'n,

The doubling of / after s is not usual, but there are The rhyme demands -aud. Cp. Book of TaliesAtozelwif flamdwyn vaOz trebyftaOt. is a notch in the vellum here.

6o'i3

97 Amha;/. There
9'ii kywatus.

Cp.

I5"3.

abnormally formed: a is quite small and in the position printed in the text s was or. wr. f. The alterations look old. The scribe probably wrote kyz/ataf=kyva8as.
is
:

9'i2 ca{. "

This reading was suggested to

click of the
it.

me by

Prof. Morris Jones.

The

cynghane8 demands a

c here,"

and the sense

must, however, confess that I have failed to see ca in the MS., these letters are too ill-defined to be sure of anyconfirms
I

thing, though the a Still there can be

ca{,

may be compared
no doubt as

to the

in

trybeflaud above.

to the correctness of the reading

or about the

acumen of the
|

suggestion.
|

Read:

ked kyvaSas cas amSiveid. Even if there be no other instance of the survival 9"i2 amti/eid. of m = v in the B.B.C., still I do not think the MS. permits us to read amdia/eid, as suggested to me. 912 Cathyr. Four-fifths of the C is formed normally, but there is a tag at the end (possibly added later), which converts it to a character more like G than any other letter. See Facsimile, and Perhaps cp. i6"3 where the tag, inside the C, is merely a dot. both cases are instances of clubbing, common at the end of c and / Prof Morris Jones suggests that Cathyr is the in the B.B.C. form, and Cethr a form deduced from the pi. Cethri where original
kerd kymwynas
the e
is regular, caused by the termination. Cp. the Latin See Silvan C^ntr-um with Cathyr, and Centum with Cant. Evans's Dictionary, s.v. Caihrain, to drive with a goad.

B.B.C.

115

10- 3

coz ncktwid. Cp.

Cp.

i2'3, 36-6.

(For A^zz/rfsee

I2'4, 62'io. 76'i3).

Dywynnic dy wir yn wynnyas, Dy wynuyt ym kywyt nyt cas.

Possibly patched.
73"i3, 90'4.
z.

R.B. i424'8-9.
[here.
in

lo"3'6 >iyhid...wofco2d.

107 kygo2 = kynghor. Cp.

io"io Clo ke/vid.
clo kelv/Vid,

There

is

a notch

the vellum

Or. wr.

Metre requires 4
Cp. braa,

syllables.

Read:

ir2 braaduriaeth.
1 1

Altd. late into .

4'i.

'4

ir8

Cp. Gwr a aeth (ana) = mead-feast.' gatraeth gan dyd. ne Uewef ef vedgwyn vei noethyd. Aneirin, 4'2. Note the formation of t and c in the Fac, and observe how closely
ine/n'in = me8

Gvytbui/.

Cler. err. for Gvytbui//.

Cp. ara/, 68'3.

+ cwyn

'

they often approximate

12

in

form: contrast 79' i.

The

capital

ATs

in this

the end of

first

line,

page, with the exception of the one at were are formed as if two elongated

00

joined together, a form

unknown

to

me

in

other

Welsh MSS.

The same remark

I2'5 rainhev

applies to pages 11, 8r3,

and

93'ii.

nevfinv.

An

12-8

doet^

Modern.
vron.

I2-IO

Mynv/nad
'

f=ff. Wr. probably by Dr. Davies. As the scribe has left out the line which

affirmative particle.

' should follow, it is, perhaps, unwise to suggest myn viwad vron.' The over i (which answers to our dotting) is late.

i.e. organ, from Lat. or^num, as ar/an from ar^^ntum. vahanieth. This spelling probably represents the pronunciation 13-5 of the scribe, and prevails still except in GwyneS and Glamorgan. Final unaccented ae became e very early in the greater part of

13-5 022an,

adwa^n, and in proper names like Ithd for ludh^zH. to 13-6 Scribes were in the habit of leaving spaces for big initials, be afterwards filled in by the rubricator, who often corrected mistakes, and patched certain capitals. The scribes however
for
'

Wales adwen

in the early

MSS.

it

is

often so wr. in verbal forms like

wrote small

'

the proper

letter, either in

the middle of the space

See Facsimile. blank, or in the margin as here. Read: az'rthen = ? derivative of ^zVA^. 13-9 zKrthen. ** The distance between 'i' and the flanking limb of 'u' is, as a rule, above. greater than that between the two limbs of the u.' Cp. efmuith, '4
left
'

116

B.B.C.

vebin=//. of maban, of which baban is a mod. doublet. paraad. Boggled letter. Or. wr. rr or re There can be no doubt about -rtW being the correct reading the rhyme requires it. The old stem diphthong ai = medieval ae, as in i4'5 Ryhazt.
I3'ii
14-3
:

dyhrt^tei 24-

1,

wh. we have affected

in di-h't, 96-9.

'

affected vowels occur in 3rd sing. pres. Ind., as in cdn

I4'5 itau/.

tBoth or. and and teifl.'

Possibly an older form of the 3rd sing. m. termn. of the prep. ihaw. Cp. \xx.\xt and u8u see Note 49-50. More like n in MS., but the rhyme needs u. I4"6 niMt.
:

5 '9. 90'S

cluir,

= ? closet.

a monosyllable.

Note

Cp. yflyryem yn llOyr

its rhyme words meaning kyn dOyr cyffes. Tal. 33'i3.

15-1-10 Repetition with slight verbal changes. Cp. 9-5-7. 16-1. Cadir wober t yv. dissyllable rhyming with dirper. 1 6-2 Kanholicion i.e. Kan holicion =//-6>2 suppliants.

16-3 Cau.

Facsimile^
i6-6

There is a dot inside the and note on 9-12.

C, but

detached from

it.

See

16-4 kyuryff;

Kywreneirch = tkyfr-eneirch,^r^^/z>?f.f. Cp. Cyfr-goU. 17-7-10 This Englyn was wr. in the second half of the xvith

= kyuryff(?/', i.e. kywrysse8,<7rkyvryffeS.

86660-14,78-14.

century.

The
18-4

curious should
it

compare
(vol.
ii.,

this

very intelligible Englyn with

Skene's reading of

p. 315).

gyKerkinan = A//i6i tgwyuerkinan. See -8, & Note 4-1. 18-4 am.y.gylchin = y amgylchin. 188 Ac z/ei. vei. paup. The abnormal late line (see Fac.)., drawn from the top of the second limb downwards across the first limb, is a xviith century attempt to change v into/, thus reading 'ac

kc

z/ei

p\. vei. paup.' vei vei. i. paup

The
tri
|

line is

however a
|

syllable short.

Readk.z
|

trychant tavaud
'

is simply the impf. subj. of the verb 'to be,' with the consonants hardened, a mark of the subj. It occurs also as here with rad. b softened into 'v,' an unusual mutation after ac' Still ac vei is the same as 'a phei.'"
'
'

kyvoetheu y drindawd. "T The so called conj. 'pel'

And were

it

Ni ellynt wy draethawd that there were etc'

'

'

'

19-2 tridaud. 19-5

Cler. err. for triwdaud.

di.

Guae

ti

Omit.

The punctum delens under

tidi.

the n

is

app.

in the or. ink.

Read: Guae

B.B.C.

J I

= = 197 nsv duid nevd \i\d moti. yr wyt. Trvach. Comparative of trv, 577. Synonymous with i9*lo derivative truan, the word in common use. Cp. /ruga.T.
iQ-io llogyl-m\.

its

= ilocul-\xs,

i.e.

coffin

viooA = bier.

207

kyuef. Cp. kyn kywefc daear kyn gozwed r byt oafun gododin bed. Aneirin, I9'3. Cp. also the doublet iorms prysc and prys
chlat
I.

na

im

prifc,

20"io-i

The

wh. rhymes with^w'j and kyfruys. See 57'i5. writing of these two lines is a trifle smaller than in

the rest of the

pagetype one

size larger

would represent the

MS.
2
1

better.

"2

Prit prinudechant

= ?i5i/.

22"i

moe y

diwwaffute.
%

Prid prynud-(^ chwant. Metathesis for diwwaffute. Mod.

mwy

dyfnasut-/i.
22"!

merwerit = Merwery8, from

Cp. diwwaffune, 87'8. "

Mori-Iverijo treated as Mori-

In the first verijo, the Irish Sea, and later the sea generally. sense it came to be wr. Weryb in the XVlth cy., and Weryh in the XlXth." J.M.J.

Mor

Mor

In or. hand. t Should be gurth as Cp. 84'i2. Cp. Mod. wrth na 6uost= since thou hast not been. From Latin humil-is. 22'4 vffil = uvil.
22'3 gu^rth.
22'4-5 creirev na.

or. wr.

In the Fac. something like a letter appears between these two words. The vellum of the original MS. is greasy here, and an/on p. 21 'shows through' at this place.
a.

225

227-10

Open at The first

top

almost a u.

letters of these lines, as well as

the letters at the

end of the corresponding lines on the opposite page, are somewhat smudgy, because the MS. was closed before the writing on page 23 was dry.
22'i2 pir
23'ii,

wuuf=pyr vw^. 247 dodath. t' Perhaps from *do-ate-act-, a past participle In the verbs aeth, gwnaeth, pass, used as pass, verb, was put.

the element *act

24.

The
if

page
as
24'!
I

perfect active.' writing (i.e. the strokes forming the characters) of this in particular, and of page 25 in a lesser degree, is 'open'
is

done by a fatigued quill pen, or with insufficient ink. keugant kywraghauwz. wide kywiffcaran. Read: tkeugant kyfraghaw wedy kyfyscarwn.
|

118

B.B.C.

Or. wr. ^, but alt. into ^, app. by the scribe. 24"i3 ^inatlet. Sen err. for Uuch a tharan.' 25'5 Uuch a thar/an.
'

26" 1

beddrael.

Rad.

27'i eiliver/ ved\t.

= Mons Olivar-nm, or mynyfi yr OlewyS. Silvan Evans corrected xed\t to "v^it," a form not found in the B.B.C. See Skene's Four Ancient Books
of
Wales., vol.
'

ipcdr-a.e], four-sided. Scr. err. for 'eiliver \i?n\.'

ii.,

329.

MynyS

Olifer.'

Myv.

354''.

of the Triads in the 27'8'9ii. therefore not reproduced. See Fac. IT 11 fil'. k. = fil/a.y K^advan.
28' 1 3.

The numbering

MS.

is

late,

and

With
is

this line

ends the third quire.

The end

of the

last

Triad
29'
I

wanting, and evidently one or more quires are missing. inwechrev. Altd. App. the scribe caught himself in the act
first

of repeating the proclitic in: he wrote i and the

limb of n,

which he clumsily joined

29'3 welli

at top

suggestive of the letter n.

and bottom Note that the n

into something
is

= 2nd

sing. pres. Ind. of gwallu.

[doubled.

not generally Cp. T2.

2g'6 er-gynan, bespoken, renowned. Gueinvod im gozod. G'-7/(7(/= sheath-like abode, the 307 Gorod is probably a cler. err. for tgor/bd. grave.

Ym

30T0

graget.

Cler. err. for

'

'

ga/raget.'

3 1 '2 Gae.

note on 41
32'2 maret.

Abnormally formed, and more like n than , unless is applicable here. Sense requires u. Cp. Red
i

Book of Hergest,

i9o'29.

Cler. err. for

tmaaret, mod. mawreS.

32'io After 'Dychricha croen diuiffet,' one line or = a7/z'ant, z>. a vuant. 34'5 awant

more must be
[wanting.

ve = ni hviyi\ = dialectal ni athuedicco = ath vedicco. 35'2

34' 1
1

ny bu

bw

i.

35 3-8 a.

fact that we have ^agell, T/aftad, Teir, proves that used as a contraction for the formula of 2. The simple conjunction would give RiT/^angell, a^aflad, a//^eir, and would not be followed by a full stop.' 5^ 35'io 36'8.
this a. is
'

The

N.B.
for
i.e.

By reading a'tk vendicco and

a''th

vendigwys respectively
in cyhydeb

each a. we get a perfectly regular poem

lines of 9.

naw

ban,

B.B.C.

1 1

3S'6 gult.

We
2i.

want here a

dissyllable, a If guit

word app.
as one

as opposed to earth 'eluit.' then a word is missing.

35'io

= grwynt,

for firmanent would expect,

36'8

= 3.ihuendiguijle.
35'3-8.

Note the

repetition of 35'9 in 36"l

is,

and see note on

than -wys.
36'i athuendigfte.

The termination -ws

perhaps, older

See next note.

Q^. 35'9, rt(/ffruinclyms, 93'i3.

36"2 a vascul a.femen.

From
in

Latin masculus
Lat.

a.r\A femina.

See

38'8.

36'ii-i2 in
contest.

celt

= in

coeli for

in

ccelo.

The

idea that 'Ceh'

is

proves Druidic worship

'

groves of 'holly'
'

too absurd to
It

Duw

celi

'

means simply
a:

God

of heaven.'

may

and ce were written simply ^ or e in late Latin. The genitive celi was adopted as a Welsh word, and used indiscriminately for all cases, and sometimes did duty by itself for 'Deus coeli.' Cp. 37'8. = fpzW/u. Cristi, pater, fili, and spiritu are in various 37"8 fpu
be necessary to
state that

cases, all used here as vocative. 38'io auneth. Cler. err. for 'aunaeth'=a wnaeth.
38'!
I

llythir.ig. cuir ?>.

i.e.

wax

tablets.

39' I finhuir,

the senses, feeling.

Cp. huir.vridet, 6o"i8.

39'2 hxivc^slow, patient, gentle.

= 39"3 otyueti wir o SyweSi wyr.

i.e. humilitat-em. See 42" 14. duc^ = may he lead us. \ From *doucseto\A sigmatic subj. 407 werindaud i.e. virginitdt-em. Prof. Morris Jones calls my attention to this word in Llyfr yr Ancr I7'4, Latin text i85'i. The fourth quire ends here. The writing after this page is 40"i2. smaller and the ink blacker the patching is in red instead of chrome. The writing belongs to the same school, but it is not by the same scribe. Note the slightly different orthography. See Fac. 40 bottom margin. Repetition of 11. g-1.2 by a Ir. hand. 4r6 guirth. Latin virt-us, \ whence also Xr.firt, miracle.

4o"3 vuildaud
40'S

An

4ri3
43"S y

devit.

Altd. letter.

42'i3 ioff=Iov = Job.

mas maeiflaud = in the field of honour. Mas is a scr. err. for ma^s and maeifiaud \s the Lat. ?naiestdt-em. JCp. Tal. wq.
;

20

B.B.C

43'6 adwin.

Corrected by a mod. hd. into 'a dAvin' as

in

the

hd. has wr. something resembling over mrts = ma^s, -5 above, diwin (which is the negative of gwyn) = sullied, impure,

same

'tThe metre requires diwin duw a diziiin.' a diwin. ? omit both as, wh. make the lines 43-6-7 a diwad 8 syllables each, and do not help the sense. However, this may be an Englyn iyrr a tho^eid, wh. has 10, 6, 8, 8, syllables.
unblessed.

438

brad.

Sense suggests a

cler. err. for

brawd.

Read: Y'maes maeiftawd y mae moli a diwyn godi Difad pechawd, wyd weSi,
i ;

Duw

Diwyn
It is

celu brara/d
is

cell.

In the field of excellence

God
him

praised
;

hurtful to offend

Ungodly
It is

is sin, passion's craving culpable to conceal the judgment of heaven.

;

43"9 guenglad.

Cler. err. for

guengz/lad,
idi

i.e.

gwen^vlad.

4316
44"io

ogylleftic.
idi.

Cler. err. for

o gyllestric.

44'i apis

impuet = a p^ris

Cp. Taliessin^jb-i^.
i

ym

p^ruet.
iti

ywin
Ile/ztir.

iti.

Scr. err. for y owin

= wt?^^.
:

ofyn

i8i.

44'i5 hnni.
45-6

Scr. error for hznni.

Sic in MS. Cp. lle/nir, 67-3 lle/dir, Aneirin, 23-15 ; llannerch yn lUudir mervynyawn, Mvv. i6l*-24; & Ue/^tired. 45'8 Kai z>. ka-i, a dissyllable, = A'(2z. See 44' 16. [Tli/. 77'2i, &c. Sic in MS.=paup er y chwant, or pawb i ry 46-2 paup y chwant.

Yn

chwant.

But

cp. 44-8-16 of The Book of Taliessin, wh. reads AduOyn gaer yflfyd ar Ian Uiant. AduOyn yt xoAx y pa6b y chwant.

Gogyfarch ti nynet boet teu uOyant. GOaywaOa ryn rei aderllyjjfant. DuO merchyr gOeleif wyr y^kyfnofant. Dyf ieu bu gdartheu a amuf;ant. Ac yd oed vaiger coch ac och ar dant.

Oed lludued vynet dyd y doethant. Ac am Gefyn llech vaelOy kylchOy vziwant Cwydyn y gan gefyn llu o garant.

O2

121

The variant readings are instructive, and if this is typical of way MSS. were copied in the xiiith century, it is no wonder
Book of
Taliessin presents endless difficulties.
is

the the

When

a proper

name like Gwyneh Kei wyn into cefn,

etc.,

transformed into the verb myned, and the sense naturally becomes elusive.

Even the Black Book text is not above suspicion either. number of the syllables in successive lines is too variable
accurate transcripts of what the poets wrote. 46'3 dara/ant = dar7/want = worf. darfuant.
46-5
46"
1

The
to

be

ad
1,

cozfTant*.

Altd. letter.

58'3

kad

degin.

46' 1 6 gl'ich

= galich.

Cp. Aneirin,

3'5

dwys dengyn yd ymledyn

[aergwn.
'^villains.

46'i6

d\^um rhymes with maelga. The r is mute. Cp. Aneirin : diw Sadwrn bu divwm eu kyt, I7'i6; and 'bu didurnnj 35'i7. Cp. also dialectal Sadww, and gar87t/ ( = gar8'Z</r).
?

App. with a affected. Cp. y chageu 48"4'i4. = a wybyS. Cp. 47'i2. See 2'2. 47.4 inyganhvy...imon>. in Dyganhwy...in Mon. Cler. err. for ga/edichuy. See 517, 78'3. 47'5 g^^edichuy. no trace 47"5 yfca.win. Cp. 8i'3. There is a hole in the MS. here
47'2 y ch^gev.
47'2 auit.

uz*it

of the
47'5 t"

w is

left,

= tra.

and only the smallest fragment of -in This contraction mark (see Fac.) is used

at the top.

for

ra and

ur

indifferently.

47"io balawon,

?y^/ balaon. Meaning variously guessed us, foxes, wolves, cubs, blossoms. Cp. Tal. A mal balaon faefibn syrthyn, 1422 & Aneirin: Peis dinogat...o grwyn balaoi, 22"i2.

4716 y

env.

Or. wr. v.

48'! gint=_v?/esnigrae

Annales Cambrie in
y lav
48'4'i3
lofien
|

= kenhedloe8duon = Z>a. Cp. 55'ii. See Y Cymmrodor, vol. IX., p. 165. Cp. Gozuchyd
aphryden.
La.t.

ar^/agwydyl

Aneirin, 24'20.

48'4 pen p...pchen = peren p^r.-.p^rchen.

puwaur = pufawr.
suit

tFrom

pomar-ius, fruit-bearing.

48"4 maurwe/r|rauc. Misprinledv/erira.uc'm

some copies. Gweirawc

would
is

an orchard, but \{ pufawr=a fruit-tree then gweirrauc tprobably a scr. err. for weir//zawc.

48'io cle/y/aud.

metathesis for

cle/>/aud.

122

B.B.C.

48'i5 kywetyrw, 'drinkers.' Formed app. from kyve8, tas (pi. ktdym, warriors ') from cad.
'

kadam

4817-18.

In a later hand.

493 A mi difcoganwe. 496 nyd ant y kenhi;?,

difcogan^we.' iAey shall not go from us. Kenhi;e by the process of assimilation became kenhiwni, whence kenhi (the = Cp. prevailing form in old MSS. ) ;<>(/. genhym, ist per. pi.

scr. err. for

'

kynan yn racwan ympob Gennin and gennon are still the forms in common colloquial use. In llettkin/ the / is silent. See Note 4'4. Tal., y)'\(>. 49'8 R/n. C)>. 'yn run.' App. a place name.
CanhOyll yn tywyll a gerd genhyn
difgyn.
Tal.
I5'i7.
|

49'9, io5'4

O.

Jr.

sdal/t

yfcud vel yicmd, 16, 96'i3, etc. O.W. scull, O. Br. scoti, come from a Celtic *skelto-, connected with Latin

sctit-wxn

from

*skotlo-.

vy hun = \ slept my sleep, or more probably, I slept t because hun = sleep occurs as a rhyme-word in '12. myself, = parchellan. p = prtr as well as p^r in Welsh MSS. 49'ii pchellan
49' 1
1

kifceifle

49" 1 2 (T/ywir.

Pen.

MS.

3 reads

a'ywir.

49-50 vtvt

u8u8 = an old form of the prep., 3rd pers. pi. Cp. Trychan meirch godrud a gryffyws ganthua?. Aneirin, 30"22. Kynbelw and Gwalchmei used the -8 termn. frequently. See
i.e.
|

Myvyrian Arch.
221^, 249b,

(1870) pages 143% 145% 147'', where the following examples occur:

169'', r86t>, 187^,

eitut,

ganthut,

kyfryngthut, racdut, trostut, utut, arnadud, ganthud, racdud, ymdanadud, etc. {See Pen. MS. 3, p. 8, Brit. Mus. Addl. MS. 14869,
final

Panton MS. 12). The above prepositions occur also without the -h=f. For example o ganhat ieffu. Ac vn tat ae bu a their
:
|
|

mam
is

udw.

Onadydoeth

rad, etc.

Taliessin,

747

75 "17.

This

the oldest form: witness igridu ( = irigdu=_)' rynghu) in the Book of St. Chad : see Preface to the Book of LI. Ddv, p. xliii.

Note that the rhymes allow no doubt as to the terminations. hand has added the contraction mark for n over the second V of vtz/t, thus reading vtvt, a mistake wh. the scribe makes at See Facsimile. +76'3-4, where yxXunt should rhyme with kyft/.

late

5o'i,

502.

5r2'3 A'a = Goth. nu, Sk. nu, Gk. vvv, Lat. nutiQ, E. now. Oelwyi. O^ is sometimes used for j/j'. See 53"i5.

B.B.C.

123

5o'i3.

5o'i4 lleith

Kyn Ayffod nr 7vi//ave i.e. vyllawi. mab guendit = the death of the son
fu
|

50"i6
50' 1 7

Tra

vm

puill.

scr. err. for

'

of GwenSyS. v/m' = vymhwyll. bwyat, lo38"5

\
not.'
;

am

buiad.

Contrast

Red Book : xxivmeib am

i048'5'3i.
'I

Brodyz
Cp. O.

am
Ir.

bOyat a due duO ragof,

/.(?.

Impersonal.

impers. n'l-m-tha (also nimpthii),

war-I-us.

am

50'l8 warius,
5i'i

d/ogan.

initial

A on

Q>. gwar-e-us. Aneirin, \l'4. Hole in vellum eaten by the green paint of the big the other side of the leaf.

5r2 Nv nev nam ^y. guall. Probably a scr. err. for t^a_^/. 517 gwledic. First limb begun as /. Cp. 47'5, 78'3. 5r8 aghud = aghzVd = aghy/iyd in Pen. MS. 3, of unequal length. = mod. chwedt. The old form, however, survives as 5 9 hwetil hwebel ni wdwn mor hwefiel = / knew nothing of the talk,^ or
1
'
:

Hw- prevails over the greater part story,' i.e. I heard nothing. of South Wales, and as nearly all our important vellum MSS. were wr. in South Wales, instances of kw- are not uncommon.
'

Cp. huarhei 95"4, hwimleian srg, 557-I3, but also chuetil 55'i3, 5ri7 y ei\r. Pen. MS. 3 reads 'y oror.' [chuerv, etc. Srigowillt. o^^wallt. ? Err. for a. There should be no following
52-I-3.

Repetition of

r 14- 16.

[_

after o.

52'3 ha/on.
52'io,
S2'i
1

597 Rac

2/ still interchanges with 8. Q>. ha/on 51 16. nachlatderi'a',C'zy= J 'lair'acc. to Prof. Loth. ^/a^. 1,337. erwis ritech. Scr. err. for Rac erc/^wis riterch.

/=

53"6 niA.

Or. wr. uiA or iuA.

537 guyflmXtdguytaxXad.

Confused probably with

3
sing. pres. subj.
-zey

buyfl-\\\iA.
is

= 53'i5 crtddoe cre.twy hardened in the subj.

the
53'i6-i9

i.e.

The consonant

O.W. has

as a rule: in the

?<?</. 'crert)?'

d comes from the stem ind. of the verb. Yd welefe...mvyhaw. These three and
Ir.,

a half lines were

IVeles, in the

app. added

and probably by a
unusual
.

different scribe.

^rst person, Cp. Rydid imeneid

53'i7 cjmull.

is

in

MSS., though normal

in the dialects.

reid ryioles, 872.

S3'i9 gog<?et.
53'i9 Uaret.

Abnormally formed. A stumpy addition is made above the e. Read: gog/et. Derivative of llary, tfrom Lat. larg-us.
B.B.C.

124

547-

mz difgoganafe.

Abnormally formed.
i.e.

54-15 eneichauc. low caste.

54'
1

derivative of \an-ach,

without pedigree, of
too low

6 ve.
:

The

stop after ve

is

doubtful

it is

down

to

be

original

See Facsimile.
in sense, the

556 dyhet. Dyhet is,

55'6-7.

ym bid dyhetauc, 55'2. Cp. dyhet a divyfci, 6i'i5 negative of het=heh.

;

&

have eaten a hole

green paint used for the big initial O MS.here, thus causing the disappearance of the O and of the words written on the back thereof: see and end of 55'i5-i6 566-7. The same remark applies to 56'i4-i5,

The chemicals

in the

in the

and end of 58M4-15. = o yx\\. = or gynt in Pen. MS. 3. Cp. 55-11 oynt See Note 48-1. Xlr.Genti. Taliessin, 2,i'\i.
also 57'i4-i5,
55-1
'

llu feif, eil

oynt.

The sense alone can often distinguish between c/and d. place has been assumed to be Aber deugleheu, but that makes one syllable too many. The scribe prob. dropped a syllable only,
1

c/ev.

The

and we should, perhaps, read, cWev. Compare however : Dymhunis ton wyrS wrth Aber Dau Dy-chyrch glan glaswyn glwys y frydau. Mvv., 144a -20-1
55-14
? y epeling= Read: o g[yfranc]. Pen. MS. 3 reads 'gygrang.' Read: ? ar warr ac ar kychuin. 55-16 ar warr. a# kychuin. Cp. Peleidyr ar gychwyn a llym waewawr, An.., 9-17. vymareu vy

tir

ethlin

= tir

BerveS-wlad.

55-15 o g**.

mar&e. kychvvyn, R.B. 1395-32. Pen. MS. 3 has acharr ar.' Bottom margin, in a late xvth century hand, has thefollowing : 55 Yr arglwyd Gozvchaf io2 eurgledd gwzeichion a Gatwo yn da ni Ennyd ac a gatwo yn dynion Rac Sais kav a Gwyddel a Rac kas kigyddyddion A rac Bloedd a lled2ith a Rac Bleiddiav a lledzon

'

Rac hwnnakw yn ddzwc Rac kwn kynnddaiziogion Rac dzaic awyz a thwzf a Rac dzykzythozion A Rac hiz ddvlwm Saaff a Rac Keadd Wiliam Sion.
^*
56-1-4.

kav = gau

i.e.

'false Saxon.'

drykrythorion

= dryg-grythorion.

For 'kigyddyddion' read 'kigyddion.

Wr. app. by a

fresh hand, or at least

by a fresh pen.

B.B.C.

125

56"4 Kylwet.

hd., like that of Dr. J. Davies,

'

has inserted ch

above the w, thus reading

56'6

kylc/zwet.'
first

limb of the/ is left to be sure MS. 3. 567 if*** = varw in Pen. MS. 3. The couplet then will be Y parc/telX yssy vyw, bySawd meu Ar hwn yssy varw, keissed ynteu.
parc/ieW.

Enough

of the

of that letter.

'pOTchell' in Pen.

569
56'
1 1

= neurfdit golev = it is daylight. Cp. tnirfmyfi it is not Arief. There is an n over the v, which looks old, but
fine.

I.

it

can
Misthus

hardly be by the scribe, as the lines are so

printed in
56- 2 llwch.
1
'

See Fac.
as

some copies a.reiv.' Has a wr. above (by the same hand
But
?

'

56"4),

reading

llauch.'

omit lluck
;

the line

is

too long.

572 cnn

callet.
r

Yd med
i

gweles

Cp. glas callet, 333 oer callet, 9r2. Also A neirin: ar hual tref tardei ^(i/Z^rf', 25'6 en amwyn calleda,
; ;

eidin, 33"i7

and Taliessin: Pan pzynafTant danet

trOy fBet

called., i3'26.

Pen.

MS.

3 reads; 'gynhatled.'

Kywrug glyu Powis achlas guinet = ? Between the chief of Powys and the clan of GwyneS. See Silvan Evans's Dictionary., 577 trv. See note on ig'io. [s.v. clas. 578 parchan. Cler. err. for parch^//an. Looks more like cl in MS. 57'io har(/wy.
57"4

A late hd. corrects/into /. But ? aer llyi'=aerllya/. lly/; kimrvy werin. Cp. Taliessin: a march karadaOc kymrOy teithiaOc, 485; AtOyn plOyf ;(7;r<5ydC>y a towys, 9'i4; GOeleis bit vy nar nOyhachar kymryeu, 62-22-3. lyO katraeth tramaeu Breton gwiz, gwez O. Corn, guis, \r. feis. S7'i4 gvif=a sow. Gwys also is the name of a brook, and of one of Twrch Trwyth's See Celtic Folklore, pp. 522, 526-7. piglings.'
57'ii aer

57'i3

'

57-15

Na

chufte =

Na

chwfc

ti.

Cp. s8'3-4.

57'i 5 prifc

rhymes with^wV. Omit c and read/ryj. Cp. kyues, 207. Cler. err. for Sarffrzn as proved by its rhyme-words 58'5 Sarffr^n. 'goUwin' & 'duUin.' We meet with Sarff-vryn in the form of Sarfbryn in a charter of Abbey Cwm Hir see Dugdale's Monas:

Mr. E. Phillimore queries Carreg lViier,i\ear Llandrin^pd Wells. See Owen's Pembrokeshire, vol. II. p. 300, note i.
ticon.
1

26

B.B.C.

But j/wawr in the line 58'8 waur. More like /aur in MS. seems to be against the repetition of the same expression,

above which

also makes the line a syllable too long, yg gaur in Pen. MS. 3. 58'9 llaffnev in ertirn, 'blades in their handles' Cp. 'esgyrn eliphant ys gnawd yn yrSant ar yr eriyrn! Mvv. 23o*'48. Cp. also mod.

cryman, cleSeu, &c. But if it=|Ir. a/y(/or='fist,' we swords in their clenched hands.' When a vowel is placed as a contraction above a I 58"i /odawr. letter, as the i here above /, it stands for r + the vowel written.
should translate,
'

dwm

Read pnbdawr.

Also pr/dein

(in

Cler. err. for a chiftutiaw gwad. 58"i4 achiftutia gwad. 5cr. ^rr._/br 'nud glas minit.' 59"i A'i/rf glas minit.

margin).

59'3 Uuid yv

vy

bleit i.e. visage.

Cp. llwyd vyngran.

1 3. Piggie should not root up his lair, nor sojourn too long. 597 nac ifte a/iuuy = nac isle wmny = vwyvviy. Cp. muy^/y, 337. The dialectal form of eisleb is isle : its final 8 was dropped in the

S9'6 gawi.

Prob. = ga.vv\

= gafwy = ? a doublet oigofwy,

on a

visit

xilth century (see Pen. MS. 29), but whether its - was simplified to I- so early, one instance is not enough to prove.
59'i2 reion.
60.

App.
is

equally probable.

This page

MS. reading, but re/on is perhaps, Cp. kinreinon 67. dirty, and the writing is not always quite clear.
this is the

6o"i-2 _forlaf k'n...disgogdnaue. Very faint because the green of The at the back is gradually destroying the vellum. the big

two adjectives come together; this points to a scr. err. Read: O. a p. neud blodeu drein, gorlas kenn minit, eluit neud knn. Cp. dy cecin yr mynyd. Bk. of LI. Ddv, i45'26. Scr. err. for veibonein. 6o'5 veibonin. Cp. Gwaith fudig gwledig

gwlad

feibionain.

Myv.
lances.'

iy^'i,b.

607

eriffi.

The

ff
'

are faint especially the upper half.

6o"io

ifpi
;

= ifpn,

Cp. Aneirin

3rii

y ozy/par

yo2, 2i"i7.

Borrowed,

like Br. .f^arr,

ac yfberi y beri creu, 7'9, from O.E.

Cp. O.K. sperc,

*sparre (attested by sparr-ian\ whence E. spar. E. spear, W. spSr. The s of i/peri is ill-defined.

60T4
6o'i6

= Kyuriff(?/=cym/rysseS, Kyuriff; = diguet, i.e. di-guet diweS.

or cy/rysseS.

See 78"i4.

B.B.C.

127

6o*20 k/r = krr, wh. occurs in mod.

\.ei.ger,

Welsh
a

in the

mutated form only,

near.

See io8,

Zv'r llaur.
is

6o'20

Vn

y(r aroun.
indistinct.

The MS.

little

dirty here

and the

letters

somewhat
tarqAin.'

We

should prob. read

yfliin, i.e.

'un yff//n

6r8 Rvit ny kywruit. A verb is missing. /?M(/.- Rvit ny i^ kywruit. 6r9 Escyp agkyueith = s.n^hyvie:\\h. = } unsociable, churlish. Cp. dzycyfpzytolion agkyweith-as. Bruts, 284'2i. But more prob. we have here another scr. err. for 'agkiu/eith' = mod. aw^'/yy^^'Z/j, viz., those who could not speak the Welsh language.
|

6ri3 gwy //an =_g-w>'/a;?, a seagull. ^ 6ri4 kiniweti, i.e. kynfe8i,/)/. of KynfeS. 6ri4 av|vnahont = a wnahont. See note rg, and 8ri4. The Greek s is wr. at end of lines when the space is 62'5 alanas. scanty, and sometimes as here, above the letter preceding it. MS. is almost black with dirt here. 62'9 Ky7i i/car. 62" 1 2 ry;i. The name of several rivers, &c. Irregularly formed.
ComY>?ae Red Book, 58030-32. the ink is paler. Possibly a fresh hand begins with line 2 From line 8 to the bottom of the page the vellum is very dirty. in the printed text should be plain, i.e. 63"2 E Betev. This
62'i5

63"!

63

without floriation inside.

637 Tedci tad awen.

in

Nennius's Historia Brittonvm.

The epithet of /a/ ag"if is given to 'Talhaern' Harl. MS. 3859, fol. 188*7-8.

Prof. Morris Jones refers me to ihc Beirniad, (1864, p. 299), where Thos. Stephens identifies Tydei with the Irish Saint Tatheus ''pater erat enim totius Guentome,' i.e. tad Gwent, wh. a careless See Cam.-Brit. Saints scribe app. corrupted into ''tad agwen! As Irish th = VJ. d, so the genitive Tathei=VJ. Tedei. p. 264.
I

may

Tathan's

further cp. Tathei with 'Tathiu' = 'St. Athan's' /.^. San see Bk. 0/ LI. Dav, 27o'2i. The mod. W. 'Tydei'
:

possibly preserves the

63'ii
65'3

n of the

Ir.

'Tathaw.'

rug=moA. rhwng. Faint in MS. tri Dodauc. Cp. muner uodauc i2'6.
toruoet, i6ia'42
;

l^?,o Myii.

Botawcy
vodawc
B.B.C.

rodawc y rodyaw
drud, 264a last
1.

Dwyn madauc

dreic

128

6oT9

gro-ax.

io35'i), bref-ar-ad, gal-ar, llaf-ar, tryd-ar.

Metathesis for gor-zr: cp. dy-ar, gor-dy-ar (R.B., See Notes 99'i2, looi.
Metrically inadmissible
;

64'2 guyr,

i.e.

Gower.
'

app. in the nature

of a gloss on
64'8 pedrj/a/.

err. for 'ptArael, wh. the metre demands. and note the rhyme-words of pcdrival, 69'3. 64'8 Abererch, wh. is near Pwllheh, is locally pronounced y Berch, ? Read: Yn Abererch beh Ryderch hael. i.e. a dissyllable. In a hand different from what goes before and after. The 66-67'6.

gwanas.' App. a scr.

1,

Cp. beddrael, 26' 1

ink of 'Bet gurgi...heb drin' (66"i-8), is pale. for dio/es. Metre demands three syllables ? a 66'3 dioes. scr^err. dioes is usually a dissyllable. See Tal., 1324, 1717, 2i'9, 371.
66.7

aon = at/on.

Wr. n

or.,

then altd. into the semblance of v

finally expuncted, with a

wr.

above by

or. scribe.

66" 1 5

jay mynyt. Cp. yn hir vynyt, 'S above. gur oet hvnnv guir y neb ny rotef. Omit oet twnnv. 66'\y hnlu = Bribw, app. a monosyllable. Omit hir. 66" 1 9 ;^2>-guynion bylTet beidauc rut.
66' 10

67'6 cad.

MS. Read cad = 'aband, or a pack.' Z'zrfzV?rj'. Cp. Mai cnut yn dylut deueid, 7/., 68"2 Cant a dau y'ngrau y'nghrair achluS. Cnud a chnud a fy8 ymSo
in

'tcry, wail, howl.'

danaSuS.
67' 1 3

Myv.

145a.

Bet elchwith Sec. This line is a syllable short. Cp. Tom elwithan neuf g&lych glaO maes maodyn ydanaO r dylyei gynon y g6yna6. Red Book, \oi,Z'y)-i,o. 67"i4 maes meetauc. ? Derivative of meueS, with the meaning 'inherited.' The suggested t Meetauc = Myny8og would be
.

Cp. maodyn in previous Note. See Note 6713. = 8 syllables, treating pieu y 67'i5 Pieu y bet hun. bet hun a hun 'hwn a hwn' ? Should vi& read : Pieu'r be8 hwn ? 3iS=pieu'r.
m/z'tauc.'

'

67'i5 Vinixv.

Scr. err. for 'ka/av.'

'So and so. Ask me, I know'; or this grave? a hwn ? Who owns this grave ? Pieu y be8 hwn a be8 Eidal and this ? Answer.- Neud ef be8 EiSef ...Who owns
:

rather

.'

and [this] the grave of Eidal the grave of EiSev t cp. 64' 12. Scr. err. for neud ox ys ef. 67' 1 7 Bet ew.
This
is
. . .

129

The young of man and beast. Cp. Kanawon GozonOy gOzd gyniret gOyth. R.B. 1432-32 treis canaon An., 3-87. Spelt also /fej'a(5c,A/'^5. i8'27. For^^^see 57'io, andcp. ^wyw. 67'i9 Meibow. Meib is the plural of mab: the double pi. meibo
67"i9 kanavon.
;

makes a

syllable too

many

here.

\Myv., 215a.

meirch mei meingrwn dwnn a dossawc, 68' I bruyno. The pedigrees give 'Brwyno' and 'Brwyneu hen,' but the older MSS. know neither. Should we not read? hir Piev y bet hun ? bet Brwyn o Bncheinauc,
67'20 meirch mei.
Cp.

hydir y wir in y bro

68"2 ydvei. There is ' change the correct 68'2 Pieu y bet

parth yd vei ny bitei

ffo.

.
if

something

like ^
'

placed above dv as

to

yd

vei

'

into
?

y d^vei."

hun

id.

aid.

Two

syllables are missing.

i

68'2 aral

= arial.

68'4 bre.

Cp. 9fi5. Delete cross reference at Wr. or. 0, then altd. into r.

r4.

687

See Facsimile, and note the difference between talyrth. the rt in talyr/h and re in diarAar, "9. Omit hunnv. For 68"i2 yv hunnv. ..gnr adigonei da ar y arwev. a digonei read fdigunai or digunaei (both forms occur in B.B.C.)

We have then

Pieu y beS yn y rhydeu ? be8 rhwyv yv, mab Rhigeneu, gwr Sygwnai 8a ar y arveu.
;

or tgwr digonei da arfeu.

Compare

the Juvencus fragment

gur dicones remeda(ut) elbid.

affected form, 'iffcr'nt.'

68-14 y iffcarant. 68-17 'y dodei.

Altd. into the

?

Omit,
le. is

a case of anticipation.

Ir.,

68-17 in hirgwean Dir the name

:

Hirweun is a well-known place near Aber now incorrectly spelt Hirwai and Hirwai'n, and may be heard locally pronounced Hirwen. As for le cp. in
edrywuy

le, 68-4. Cp. also Certenhin avon, cleveint awon, where the descriptive noun is added. 68 -20 Ae clathei \neuf\ caffei but Neus, or ew wanted.
.

68-20 ryiii/nant. 69-1 Ri oet ew

constant in
1

Read: rhydnant. Pronouns after verbs are the B.B.C, but metrically they seldom count.
not
8.

The dd=d,
oet
ef.

Omit.

fairly

30

B.B.C.

69'2 guawrut.

Scr. error for guasw-rut.

/'

699

tarv.

Or. wr.

or

r.

69'io braucbrid.
69-13-22
69" 1 5

Scr. err. for bra^/aucbrid.

. . .

Beddeu

gawr.
Cp.

In a late hand.

ffol. 76.

Run

ryuel afwy.

Run

auael auwy.

Addl.
I99'2i.

MS.

14869,

69- 1 8 gyhoret.

Cp. Conhorget, Bk. of LI.

Dav,

69' 1 8 d/ara.

May

be read ako drara, and even dra/a.

See Fac.
of 'ab.

69'i9 einyavn ab C.
7o"2

App. there

is

'(full stop) in front

amryuef=? aniryuefc = amryfysc, 'contention.' Cp. kyues, 207. Amry{ysce8= confusion, medley, tumult. This rhymes with hoen & poen. ? adw^en, but cp. 70'3 adwaen.
gottoev...gva(fv...gl(?v, 72"6
n<7s
I

also 87'io-ii
;

yny chroth yn was,

7a/., 23'2

& Gozffowyffeis naO twhere we have proest in

;

place of rhyme.
70'5, 85-4 deweint.

From midnight
duv.

till//^if//,

i.e.

cock-crow. Cp.

ny Odant pan yfcar deweint a gOaOz.

7o'6

7a/., 56-9.

mMb din...mab
first line

Though

11
still

syllables are permissible in

the former mab is confusing here as regards theological terminology, and should be omitted. 70'8 Kyrreiweint [ = maSeuant]ageifragoffahoduv ac niflirmycco. the

of an old Englyn,

Clearly a scr. err. for a<f |ac=ae dXo. i.e. aedanc. Kyrreifeint a geiff a goffaho Duw,

Read:

ae danc nis dirmycco, a nef y nos y trangho.

70'9 tragh'' = trangho.

The

" is

wr. over an erasure.

is

Or. wr. 7o'i6 Din. Alt. by a late hd. into

Dn

or Dro, for there

an erasure at the end.

Din = dyn, which must be the

7rS arch

aton.

Cp. 5i'i6,

&

correct reading. Guir Taliessin: arch aedon, 68'io

; ;

y rat gOafpoathyant O2 adon, 477 vronn adon deccaf. An., I5'4. 7r6 y.meid. Cp. y. mew^id (7r8) = ym eneid, 7 no. 7rio poem oweint. This i is probably due to the pen anticipating
the tin of owzt.
rolre
i.e.

7rio y

Read: poenoweint = wiO(/. poenofeint. See Llyfr yr Ancr, i65'9, yn holre oludoed = a// our riches. The Editor now derives olre from O.K.
yr olre.

ealre, gen. of eal.

7ri2

73-10.

See/?e(/jffi;(7>t,

1042-12

1043-15.

Note

differences.

B.B.C.

131

= 7ri3-i5 nieirch can crimrut...o kad White horses with bloodstained legs. Cp. Crrmhog, a shin, a greave. See Silvan Evans's Dictionary under crimp.
72" I

can eu

crees,

i.e.

cre-es.

= Cp. guin y cnes cne-es, Sg'g.

72*2 llongborth has

fied satisfactorily.

been treated as a place-name, but never identiProf. Strachan queries = Ir. long-phort, 'a camp.'
grith, a shout.
'
'

72'4 guir igrid.

= Ir.

See J.M.J's Geirfa to Barh

= dadwrS,' cynnwrf.' gryd-visl with gotto^v and gWv. See 72"6 gnaev rhymes Altd. into llatyfu'nt. 72'ii UatyflVnt.
Cwsc,
s.v.

Note

7o"3.

[72-14, loo-i.

72' 1 2 re.

As regards
Scr.
err.

form,

72'i4 b/ith.

rad. ca.n he gre 01 rhe. See Notes for brith. Cp. eriron dv '15, coch '17,
its

guinn

73'i,

72"i4 rerint.

glas 7, livid 'S. Scr. err. for re-re-int, or rather re-re-eint (ioo'2), wh.
"12, '14-17, 73'2-7.

should be read in

See Note

loo'i.

Red Book

reads redeint, which shows that the meaning was obscure in the
14th century. The word is prob. onomatopeic. feirch weryreint dan forSwyd Gereint.
73'4 gran.
Scr. err. for graan.

Sense

= ? OeS

73'i2 degin

= degyn = J

Ir.

daingen

= ^rm\xi.
'

7313
73'i 5

arvy.

Compare Garvy

saer, 47'i7.

73'i4 Terruin tr(7chiad.

'

| ? Scr. err. for

tr^chiad.'

74' I

Pedridauc heul. Cp. Ath uolaf uilwr pedrydawc, Myv. 2 1 5b'24. /aud. An written over any letter stands for ri. Read: pnaud.

74'io o /al. The first half of o and the second half of / are left, but the rest of these two letters is destroyed by the green paint

of the big capital on the back.

The

o tnay be
/.

c,

d,

or
/,

e,

and there

may be

another

letter

between o and

Of

the

think, there

can be no doubt
74' 1 2 ebrui/
. . .

clui/.

Or. wr.

d in

both instances.

Can Clwyd be

t Cp. gormoaT for gormo8. t Neither 'canerf' nor 'ane^/' will 75'll Bei nachanefl? y tyernet. do here. require a word to rhyme with teymeA
for

Clwyb f

We

75'i2 anhz/j/et, restless, unruly. also anh/Tfeith, 105 '8.

Cp. ceffyl h-weh, a quiet horse;

76-3 dihev utu/, trallaud kyflut. t Scr. err. for utu/. See

Note

49-50,

132

B.B.C.

Cp. pri/c for pris, 57'i5 Pasgen wrys pafcueirch uryfc vreifcdawn, Myv. i6i^'I3. See Note, 207. = Y weilgi is feminine. 76'i3 gueilgi dowyn moti. gweilgi Sofn. "* wr. over them, in the same hd. and 77'6 veiAi/bn. The ta.t have is more or less erased. There are no ink, but the second puncta The scribe was either anticipating next word, or undelentia.
;

y6'i2 GurifiT for gurif, violence.

"^

''

certain in his

own mind.

He

first

corrects into veit/a^on, then

Cp. ueitad, 73" 14, beitad, vaton vetveint.

erases the d,
I02'i
I.

and suggests veif/zaton. Read: Gwerlig haeton, gvaut

veita</on,

= Ileuon, 96' 13,//. 0/ lieu. 77'9 lleon

Cler. err. for, galedic. 78"3 g/;'ledic. Cp 47"5, 517. 78'io alTuinaf y chnaut = a. ych naut = asswynaf ych naw8. The marks transpose the words into 'naut haul.' 78' 1 3 haul naut.

/wclod = pnwclod. 797 /lev. Begun as ^.

7g"4

Seey4'i.

More like c than /. 79'8 viw ker/aur 'm ruw. ruw = ruzw. Read: wyv kerSawr im rhw^.
79' 1
1

See Facsimile.

Afifuinaw etc.

The

first line

is

often repeated to

show that

poem is complete, or that it ends as it began. 7912-16. Wr. Ir. in antique style. Read: Tra vom kyd kerSed goned kydymSeith,
the

bid perffeith yn gweithred [t ym Meir] keiffwn ymwared

;

drwy

ffyS,
it

a chrevyS, a chred.

Kyd

credwi

Dovy8 drwy

kreiryS
;

flyS,

maur benyd meith beunyS

!

Eneid pan im kyverchyS, pa 8iweS, ae beS a'm byS ? 8r4 iaui from do&i. Cp. GOae a dyt y V2yt myOn byt ae 6a6d, caut from cohi & craun from cronni. R.B., I234'2i. Cp.

8r6 llyvir rod. tMetre points to rol, to rhyme with ifco/. also 8r8 /erthideu. Taliessin: maCt2 i/erthideu, 37*2 Cp. 3r3 Red Book : dogyn ^erthideu 1 503 ^erthideu rieu rywafgaraOa, uad z/erthideu, ii90'3o. These examples suggest a scr. ii7o"8
;

as also in /erthic, 53"i7. give a rad. '/erthid,'

err.,

However,

t Lat. pariil-ns

would

B.B.C.

U3

8 1 "8 kyrraw, 'forgive.'

marginal repetition

is

The corresponding word in the bottom matev.

8ri4 gmt fallum. On the banks of the Teivi ffal'wm = vih\i\o\t. I remtmhex prenffalwn used as a synonym oidipren melyn, wh. was used for the cure of whitlow. 8ri4 Axav|vneuthume = Ar a wneuthum-i. Cp. 6i'i4, and see v<).
81

6- 1 9.

Repetition of 7- 1 2 above.
Cp. mordOy...neu
i.

82'g etyl.
reith].

gamOynt y rydaO ae

edyl\a. oetta gyv-

83" I

83"!

W. Laws, 610. Dr. Davies cps. also ktn-efy/, io'5, i6"8. Ystamde wineu. Cp. Guyneu, march Kei, 287. Redec^. Shows more clearly in the Fac. than in the MS.,
it is mistakenly erased. raxm rm, quivering mane.

where
83"!

83*9 Ax\s = briar,

pi.

Mso Aneirin, '^yi^. Cp. S. Tudur. 7yr\gv/mi^u-i?Lrch fwng nwyfus.

pi.

App. 2nd

sing. pres. subj.

dryssi, t

whence mod.
pi.

sing, dryssien, as pysc,

83-

1 1

pyscod gives pyscodyn, and blawd, eiffi//it. Altd. from ? /.

gueith wtic.
preserves the
Cp. b2&ydy2
locality is that of

blodeu gives blodeuyn.

83" 1

The
still

name

PwU GOdyc, c. 1076, Sruis 26g'i2. Goodwick, in Pembrokeshire. Good'ick under an alien spelling.
Subjs.,

84'6-9 Yfkithrich...delich...llunhich...achenich.

2nd

sing.

847 tagneaet. Or. wr. t, then altd. 847 nythvi = in meaning, ni'th vyS.
84'8

Ro

= vjfd y nf:uynuc mod.

Rho

vwyd

newyog.

Cp. the

Juvencus gloss : 'anit arber foV' = onid compares O. Ir. 'do airbirt biuth. 84"i2 yfrir=ys d\x nithiaw ni bo pur.
84' 14 Rietillter
i.e.

arfer vyd, with wh. Stokes

xy

ehilller.

From

Lat. adulterstill

85'9 Yz'gabil.

85"i2 cauid i.e. ditawl oth wt. 86"3

App. wr. can wyd.

or.

Traces of scratching are

app.

Nam

Set. exx. fox

ddi, division.

wt = hu8,
G

benefit.

Di-fiawl

is

glossed

expers = l

Ir.

86'6 genezye. on the reverse side of The green paint of the big the leaf has eaten a hole in the vellum which leaves ei/e imperfect

at the bottom, while the letters underlined in lines 7-9 are

altogether.
'

gone

134

B.B.C.

867

aratretheif.

Scr.err.for ar a

trez'theif.

87-2 ryioles.

Another instance of
(?

-es for
',

the

first

person sing.

See

53' 16.

Jasp. Gr:) has inserted

thus reading ryiolw.

875

dyllit.

Cp. dyrllit, 8-12, 14-1.

87'6 Tymaeth.

The

scr.

wrote

'

rymath,' as also 'dodath,' 2y\

i,

247.

87'io-ii guassanri^th...d<7th...arva^th.
87' 1 2 ar yffi/ in
eluit.

See Note

70'3.

'gormod
87' 1 2 kyffei

odleu.'

Read; ar

syllable too many, tyfli^ is wrong, mod. ar yssy'n elfyS. yfli in G\\i\\.

= kyi/ wei.
I.

87'i3

Ar

Aallt ar echuit.

sin, 69"io-i

Cp. kyfrOnc allt ac allt ac echOyd, Taliest accentual A after r cp. yr ^oU, ar ^ugein, etc.
;

88' I

eddwueth.

The d is
Sic in

reduplicated because the syllable

;

is

closed.

Head: etwaeth,
88'2 nifrdraeth. 88"2 moli.

7a/., 29-3

& cp.
'

etwa, So'i3=mod. etto.

MS.

^(?a^.-

Nif

rj/draeth, 27-5.

App. 884 Kyuothauc.

88'8-io cv = cw,

scr. err. for

molir.'

Scr. err. for Kyvorthauc.

See

'\i.

where?

+cu(/, c\it=prob. c-w yd, cwj/B.

Cp. Pers.

iu, where

See Whinfield^s

Omar Khayydm,

392.

Yon

palace, towering to the welkin blue.

Where
I

kings did

bow them down, and homage

its

do,
e.

saw a ringdove on

And thus she made

88'9

arches perched, complaint, coo, coo ? coo, coo ?

[i.

where are they ?]

The marginal words

are wr. in

lines in the

MS.

Exigency

of space in making up the forme compelled the departure in the reproduction. The margin of the MS. has been "shaved." The

underlined
5 lines in

letters,

the

MS.

which are guesses, mark the beginning of the See Facsimile.

|.

8g Defcriptio hyemis ac difsuatio

belli

cafum mechitis fili llovarchi

at the top margin.
'

et aliorum.

per id temporis propter Wr. by Jaspar Griffith

89*2 Ryfeiw gur ar vn foz = a reed, stump ; %\xi%. oi cawn. Cp. ' tra uei coet at uric y coet y kerdei. thra uei uynyd ar ulaen y kaOn y kerdei. ac yn hyt y oes ny flygOys konyn dan y draet.'

White Book Mob., 463'26-3i.

.

Cawnen

is

formed from the

;

plural.

the 89"6 kedic awel coed ini bnich = ? Battling is the wind is in its tumult. B/uch is presumably a scr. err. for bnich.

wood

B.B.C.

135

89'

Erased. 89"9 "'O' ^'"yScr. err. for 1 1 aren.

'

ar/en,' hoarfrost,

fegur,

from L. secur-us

89" 12 re(>

= rhew.

Altd.

by a
late

late

hand.
+ Llyri a mono-

89'i3 gint.
90'5 Uyric.

Clerical error for gwint

Added by a

hand, mistakenly.

is

syllable like eiry, llary, etc.

Meaning

uncertain.

907
1

after 'adar'

a word has been erased.

? Scr. err. for cunllei//i. 90' 3 cunlleiA Cp. ioy4 ; Red Book: a chanon kunlleith 579'i7 ; ygkynlleith gayaf, io3r2o. 90"i3 cev ewur. Cp. llu ewt:r io7'i6 ; Taliessin : Pan yO baruaOt

[g02].pan yO keu
io35'36
;

efOz,

iv^;

and

D\nev7t/r, currently wr. Dinevor,

R.B., chwec evwr chwerthinat tonn, on the Towy. Cp.

90'i4 nof/Ium.
I

Br. Evor={a.) cow- parsnip, (b) hellebore. Begun as f

9rio cul grum = culgrum = OTO^. culgrwm. 9ri4 der^id ych kigho2 = derffid ych kynghor.
92'2'6'io pelis

92.5

and a

riv

= py lys, unless it is a proper name. = ar rid a n\ = mod. ar ryd a rhiw.

Cler. err.

r39''7-

92'8 bro priw uchei.

Read: uchei.

Cp. nuchein Tal.,

92"9 ariweu
92'ii gar.

i.e.

arfeu.

The
'5

top

is

blotched and indistinct.

Read:

[ryShao Duw. Y gwr a

92'i4 Rodiemt. Rodw/t as in

93' I

Third limb wanting.

above.
is

The u

is

irregular.

Read:

Mug.

This

wr.

Mugc

in

'6.

The word

for

smoke = muf,

33'8, not mu_^.

See Index,

s.v.

mug.
'

93'3

am

diallad.

See diallaw, 41' 14.

v.

937 a lataut mechit. Metre and rhyme require mechit a las! 9310 Duv.in. There is something like a stop quite close to the
93' 1 3 ffruinclaymas. Cler. err. for frruinclymas
-zcys 35^9.

= ffrwynglymws.
Ti ae guaredi.

Cp.
'

bendigws 361,

94'5

Mi ae guar^di a thi ae gueli.

App. a

scr. err. for

95 "4 Arthur, ced huarhei=cyd hwaryei. More like c than t. ? erasure here. 95'9 can/.
95'i2 bragat. Cp. blaen bragat briwei mab fyvno, Aneirin, 68 banadyl rac bzagat yn rychua baiwat, Tal., 257 GarOy ar adwy gCizaOl redyat ffyzyf. taer bziOgyzyf tarO bzagat, R.B. 1288' 1-2.
; ;

136

B.B.C.

? From Lat. leg-io, and corrupted early into lleg. 968 Nybei...^. Kei...verev. Omit. Three syllables are missing

95' 1 5 "eg.

a phei ny bei prob. before 'ny bei.' Read: f oet diheit aghev Kei guin a Uachev.
I |

Nu

duv ae digonhei

96'ii y

place here.
5 syllables.

guarthaw^ija'/^. Query scr. err.,

If the /

We want
for

be a

cler. err.

the name of a district, or we should not have more than for c or ^, we have y/cawin, wh.

suggests the Ifceuin of the Bk. of LI. Div, a place not far from Gloucester, the home of the nav guiton of '12. See Mabinogion^ 2io'i5, io8"3, i38'22, where Ifkawin ab Panon is mentioned, the

man

who, perhaps, gave his name to Forth Yscewin, now Port Skewet. Cp., however, Stivingewidin in Herefordshire, (Elsdon

See Domesday (fol. 181 mer kindly examined for me.

hund.)
96'i5-i6 kinllaf.
lluid

r" col. 2),

wh. the Rev. C. Plum-

Scr. err. for kin Uu/V/,

'

= dawn

or dusk.

dawning ; and
96'i6
97'i
.

ma'r dy8 yn llwydo.' Cp. llwydnos, dusk. Cwybei is used in

is

which rhymes with 'buyd.' The day is mod. Welsh

incomplete.

always with dy- prefixed, i.e. (/x-gwySei. a. Quire vii ends here, but the poem

97'4

The beginning of the poem is wanting. %o\vdauc. The scribe here devotes two

lines to every stanza,

and rather than spoil the symmetry of his page he writes the end Sometimes many lines syllable of '4 on the blank at end of '2. intervene between the first and second half of a word (cp. 98'4).
97"lo'l2 %.

= guallauc.
Wr. on top margin.
See note
97*4.

98"4 'pe\eidrad.

Cp. Aneirin: gwyngalch a phedryollt bennawr, 3'i7; Taliessin: yt lethrynt lafna(i2 ar penna(J2 difgowen, 98"5 hv yfcun gur. Cp. huyfcur looii. L33'5'
98"4 penaur, helmet.

987
98'i2

2nmarch

= /orf.
ga.n

vy march.

Nim gad^

= mod. Nim

Begun as^. gad gan. Begun nsy.

i

98'i3'i4

Tawuy, Tawue. Towy enters the sea at Llan Stephan and Tawfe flows into Swansea Bay. If the poet lived at Carmarthen Priory the nessaw would indicate the Towy, and the eithaWy the Taw^. -17 For XLix raedy^\AyJ>.

P2

137

99*1 y

sorrow."

gan viyavarvy. Silvan Evans treats this as "fy avarwy = my Cp. Nyt ynat neb daut ny dzefnOy. gOafcaOt r kynn
;

gOifcaO auarOy, R.B., 1176-1-2 ar erdrych auarwy, 99-3 bri/iwid for bria^id. Cp. hOaer and Ohaer.

Myv.

i6ib.

iflrun = ys dr^n. Cp. Aneirin: e wayw drwn ozeureit, 1T\^ rac taryf trun, 34'io. \ Ir. ia!'r(7 = strong, firm. Or. wr. Dormarch. The r is erased 99-8-9 Dorm:ach oet hunnv.

997
i

in

both instances.

Omit

oet

hunnv.

99'io dy gruidir ar wibir winit

99'ii

= [neus] dygrwydr
.
. .

ar

wybr vynyJ.

Mi awum z>/ He Has guendolev.

. . .

99-iri3'i5 Cp. iny He

99'13'iS,

in He

OotzV, but see 13, '15. He, &> see also ioo'3'57.

IOOT57 aa/um = a7/t'um=a vu-um, ^/ vdm

99'ii.

metathesis for ry-re-int, unless there is a 99*i2'i4 ryer^int. ? verb ar-u. Cp. bref-, gal-, llef-an^. See Notes 6019, 72"i4, loo'i.
loo'i-2 ry-re-eit.

Cp. Ny reei warthec heb Oyneb rud, Tal., 39-19; a rea y vaan vaOa a rea y vaan vechan, R.B. Proverb. The simple verb rhe-u denotes to cry like a bird, or bellow like a beast. Cp. S. rd, O.E. rarian., M.H.G. r'eren., E. roar. Cp. also V^ gweryru,
.

100-4 llo^gir. 100-4 teithiauc

Begun as ^.

teith-i-auc, z.. trisyHabic. ioo-6'8 Mi. wi. wiw. vinteu. j/. bet .jaghev.
. .

[to neigh.

5^^ N., 72-14.

W\ = wyf; wiw = Read : mi wy' vyw, wynteu yme8 ... Mi fyw yn. With 'wi. 'uny' = mod. wjr/'/yw, wy' vyw, wynteu yn awgheu.
;

y = y = ym

100-11 huyfcur. 100-12 awirtul.

101-3 pebrur.
101-4 glev
.

compare 'aAd.' = mod. ar rid, 92-5. Cp. hv yfcun gur, 98-5. Mod. a/'r8w/= solicitous, anxious, sad.
See pebir gur, 98-6.
.

S.

EVANS.

Om\\yd. wa.Tc\ = i/am, for vuam. J.M.J, thinks that we have here, apparently, a compound name, 'Fechid Diristan.' ior6 oMiwod = oth Syvod. d/'od. Scribe wrote first limb of _y.

.ydvam

in dev.

ior6 Fechid

diristan.

Prof.

102-2 Itewon,

i.e.

ISewon.

The form laSewon arose in the XVlth cent.

We

find

it

in

MSS.,

in Salesbury's

New

Testament,

in the

mod.

As Bible, but not in the editions of Bps. Morgan and Parry. well write Jdgual and Jadhael for Idwal and Ithel. tThe combination iu
is

impossible in Welsh.

See Grammar,

40,

i.

138

B.B.C.

I02'2

Haw

caer lev a gwidion

construction in old

= y8

M.

Cp.

aeth von, 96'i2,

common
it

Welsh with verbs of motion.

is,

102-3 dabre de.

The pronoun
in the verse.

as a rule, inserted after verbs, but

seldom counts

See

"6.

1027 goayfgelho?. Omit last letter = unfinished 2. 1027 vyh^wo = mod. f'enw, i.e. one syllable /^enw is heard in the dialects of GwyneS and Morgannwg only. In Deheubarth the vy:

of vya is dropped, i.e. 'John yw enw i, Torri enw, Instances of /4enw are very rare in vellum MSS. I02'i2 merchzV. Late addition.
io3'i

had

etc."

Mar:Madaucma.hMarcdutapBkfyna/>Cyn/_yn. Addedboth
;

here and at io4'2 by a xviith century hand. Madauc died, 1159. Cp. .(4awr gynhoruan huan arwyran, Anein'n, 57 I03'4 anhaur.

eftalhaOzoawa&garmaOngarant, T'a/. i7'9; ana/ia6zy dbyn,2i'i2. io3"io drein .... guae loegir in dit kein. App. a scr. err. for kyngrein. Cp. Red Book : Yz aelwyt honn neus cud drein mwy gozdyfnaffei ychyngrein, 1041 '26, & Myv., A rac pyrth ban syrth Drein has krein or cyngrein for its Saeffon ygkrein, 226^.
-.

rhyme-word
is

in

many

other places.

103' 17 ar claur vagv.

called
J.

Dr.

There is a farmhouse on the Dulas, which Garvagy on a tombstone in Nantmel churchyard. D. Rhys spelt it Gorh Fagu at the end of the xvith century.

is, in the MS., like the one reproduced in io4'3 This big initial facsimile on page loo'g, with floriated additions in red. \'^VA-

io5'3 ar^ad ar +^rad, i.e. a dissyllable. Cp. an_Klan = an +_g'lan, io5"4 calchwreith,_/^2. of calchfrith, enamelled in various colours. This superior is patched with red. Ditto in lo5'5 diobeith".
lines 8, 10, 12, 14, 16.

Also after
is

-eith io4'6'9'i2'i6, io5'3

all

where,

however, the black of the

not visible in
certainly

cases.

The

meaning,
io5'5

no part of the word. Haul owi = Hawl Ow/n, rhyming with'mjnn' ;'in the ultima
if

any,

is

not app.

It is

ioS'6

interchanges with^, as kedrn, kedj'rn thus Read: Hil te-irn in he-irn henweith.
;

Ow^n = Own.

io5'8 veuder.

Cp. Rudyon beuder biO a maOz yrat, Tal., 39'20.

Cp. anhzyet, 75'i2.

io5'8 anhyweith=r/)'.

B.B.C.

2Q

= IOS'8 Darfv|<>am oeleith

is

Darfuam oe

leith.

See

^a^r.

The

wh.

by a late hd., should come after v at the end of line 8, not before am at the beginning of the next. = [here. Cp. io5'8. io5"9 Dara/=darT'7' darfu. The hyphen is abnormal and prob. Ir. ? erasure io5'io beirt-car.

= ta bard of elegant song. Clwm is io5'io bart clvm diledieith that which is bound up in cynghaneS. Cp. cwlwm cerS. Scr. err. for 'bras.' Cp. cirn bras, loi'ii. I05'i4 Oet buelin b/as.
'

Joined at the top. de varanres. Baranres = //^a. Ox. gloss. 1067 cwtendigeid i.e:en=an + bendigeid = a-blessed, accursed. io6"8 cvin from L. cena. Cp. ivenestir with L. minisir-um.
io6"4-5

goWwad.

io6'6

Ac edrych

uir

io6'9 vachdeith,

i.e.

machdeith, "damsel."
:

J.R.

io6'i4 traha a/treguch = 4 syllables i is more like i in MS. 10616 kadaul. Altd. into the affected form, k^daul. The punctum

delens

is

very small and

faint.

lo7'ii calch llywarch hen.

Written above line by Dr.

J.

Davies

Calch = armour. Cp. io7"i2 ev ** treuad.

io7'i5 af.

Ry s uawr ualch yg calch yg cadeu, Myv., 2<yjl'. Word erased.

108

The end is clubbed, as if a stop followed. outer third of this page is stained almost black by gall or lime water. The original writing is read with some difficulty. The
?

lo8'2

gitmxn.

The vellum

is

very dark here

err.

the i and

first

limb

of

m are not certain.

A

+ Cp.
cler.

cwyr aberth

in S.

Evans's Dictionary.

io8'3

Gozev rywir. Book i038'29-30.

Ottirf.

for A-ywir=tri-wyr.

See Red

loS'io o.duc^ = oSuch.

The

is faint,

and the h

erased.

app. an altd. letter. io8'i2 mi nyd. Vellum almost as black as the writing. io8'i3 Nyduid # yfcoleic. Something Repetition of 9i"5'6.

lo8"u

Faint

erased,

uid probably.
.
. .

10815

Pell

hetiv.

See Red Book,

i039'i-2.

140

B.B.C.

INDEX TO NAMES OF MEN AND PLACES.

*

See Paleographical Note.

65'2, 66-ii, 67-2,

ep.

epithet.
ac, 38'I4.
66'4.

ab = mab,

4-3,

Annhun, Duu Paul

68'8, 97-6, (69'i92i).

See am.

Aber, ioi'i2. Clev [= ? Cletev], 55'n.

Dulas, 56-3.

Anoeth, teulu Oeth ac, anotun, bas ac, 38'9.

Aranwinion, 5ri8.
Arav,

mab Llywarch
89' 11
;

hen, 107T4

duwir Dyar, 68'lo. Erch, 64'8. Frav, 74-8. Gweith, 61 "3.

Gwenoli, 63'i3.
Llyv, io8'i5.

Ardudwy

47- 1 2, -vy 47-3, 74-8, -uy

Berch
Berffro

Aren

Brin, 63'8.
LI.

L65->4.

Argad,

hSn, I07'i3. Argoydit 50-10, Arcoedit 52-io. Aron a Moesen, 36'!.

mab

Aron,

mab

Diwinvin, 68'I7.

Taradir, 52'i2.

Adaon, 2ri. Adaw4i-i4, plant4r7, Adonay, 37 '8. Aedan, vir, 15 '9.

agor, lluoet, 77' i
:

arth o Deheubarth, 59" 13. Arthan, tad Eitivlch hir, 66'i3.

53'i5> 77'5

Arthur 67-13, 94-3, 95-3 ameraudur Uywiaudir llawur 729; tad

;

Llachev 99-16
cp.

teulu 103-16.

cp.

LIvagor.

Arwul melin, march Passcen,28'2:

hid in Aruul melin, 92-3.

Airgwl, 69' 1 7. Alld Tryvan, 647.

[67-18.

Arywderit, gueith,4-8, 506,62-13.

aten, 69-2
;

alltudion diessic, Eitew ac Eidal,

cp.

aden,

14-2.

Alun Dywed, mab Meigen, 65 12. Alun Diwed, tad Run, 6512. am = ab q.v., 69' 12, 94 6'i2.
ameraudur,
72'9.
;

aton, 71-5. atnev, 72-8.

awallen 43, 49, afallen 48, 50-52.

auarvy, 99-1.

See Arthur,

amgant, yr, 64'i5 yn 66' 1 6. anau 671, anav 98, I5'4, i6"i2 rad ac anaw, 77 '12.

avon, cad, 6r2.

;

Awarnach,

in neuat, 95-5.
35-9.

Awraham,

Anguas edeinauc,
B.B.C.

94'i4.

awen, Tedei

tad, 63-7.

141

baban.

See maban.
77-2,

Bangor,

8riri8.

bann cogev, 8318; teulv bann, ar vann caer lo6'l i"i3 ; io3'5 banev bre, 89"4.
;

Bradwen, 69'3. Bran, m. Ywerit clod lydan, 99-14. Bran, vab Llir lledieith, 104-16. breenhin na breenhin [Henri, son of Henri II.] 62-15.
breichir, 27-11.

Banon, tad Kysceint,

baraffvin, Vnic, 53'5.
bart,
9-9,

94'8.

5^^ Tauautir.

breichvras, ep.of Karadauc, 28-12.

7812,
;

79-5-8,

87-12;

brein, llithiav, 103-13.

clvm, io5'lo
5i"i3,

beirt 22'6, 42'8,

breinhin, 65-17. Briauael.

78T2
;

loo'ii

kiwrev
;

beirt, 22'6

gostec

beirt, 78'i2

Breint 68-13, gur Bangor 77-2. See Kelli Uriauael.

Bricheinauc, 65-10 Bry-, tir, 74-1. See Inis, Prydein. See hyneiw. Bridlav, 95-15.
;

yscinvaen
eir,

beirt, loo'ii;

bard37 '6
;

42-8

bartoni,

I2"9,

Bridein.

bartrin,67'8'io: cavkeineid9'9

See Cuhelin, kert,

pridit.

Baton, 77-6. bedrydant.

bedit, 27'l.

Brin 58-4, 74-5 ; y dan y 64-4 in arterchauc 65-3 ; in lljethir y

;

See Beduir.

68-14

kewin

90-8.
:

bedwen, 47T7'ii.
beteu, englynion
y,

Brin Aren, 63 8 cp.%c)-\\. Brin Tytul, 92-4.

63-69.

Beduir 95'i5, B. bedrydant, 95 9. See hyneiw. Beidauc rut, 66'i6'i9, ab Emer

Bedwir 647,

Brineirch, guir, 59-4. brithion eiliv brodoaion, Uu, 25-1

Brithon, 60-9-15-16, 61-14, Brython, 11-5, 52-6, 61 "5.

Brithuir, 60-16.
Britu, ryd, 66-17.

Llydau, 67' I.
(Beli,

ab

Benlli gawr, 69'2i).

Bely, tad Kaswallaun, 28' 13.

Benlli

Bro priw
;

uchei/i, 92-8.

gaur, teulu bann, io3'5

(tad Beli, 69-21).

brodorion, 25-12, 51-5, 55-9, 60-8. Bruin o Bricheinauc, tad Meilir

Bevno, Llan, 63-8. bichan brychni, 6rio.

Maluinauc,65-io: Bruyno,68-i. See NotebZ-\,&'cp. Brwyn llys.

Brycheinauc,tir,74-i
;

bychan breichvras,
biv, 47"3, 90'2.

62'i.

Bri-, 65-10.

Brython
guernin 68 '4.

11-5,

526, 61-5, Brithon,

bre,

banev
tri,

89-4,

6o-9-i5-i6, 61-14.

bodauc,

65-3.

Bucheslum
Buellt, 75-2.

seri,

march Gugaun

brad, argluid 85-1 ; oWinet5S"9; gulad veibonin 6o'5 ; keli 43"8.

cletywrut, 27-9.

142

B.B.C.

Cad Abergweith, 6r3.

aryton,6ri. Cp. avon, 6 1 "2.
/?.5., I043'2l.

carrec

camhur

icxj'io.

Castell Gollwin, 58-5.

Kaswallaun,

mab

Bely, 28' 13.

Caer lleon, 6r3. coed Uuiuein, 603. Cors Mochno, 6r2. Kyminaud, 6r3. Kynuid, 92'io.
.

cath Paluc, 96'i3'i5. caur. See Benlli, Eluan.

Cav, 63-4Cavall, 93'4, 1087. ked, in Rid vaen, 65"ii.

Jeithion, 6r4.

Keduyv,

i'^.

im Mon, 6r2. Machavvy, 61 'i.

Kadgyffro, tad Gilberd, 28'9.
Kadieith, I05'i5.

Kei, 287,

95T13,
;

96'4'ii,

Guin
;

94'3, 96-9

Keiwin

46'8, 96'i2

Kadwaladir,

48-2,

51 '16, S2'3,

gur hir, 96-5. Keidav, tad Guendolev, 99"I2. Kein [ ? karin i.e. karn] caled,

58-12, -ualadir, 60-5.

march Gualchmei, 28 "9.

Kein, clun, 68'6.

keineid, cav, 9"9.
keli, 45'2
;

Kadwallaun,

filius

K., 27"i2.

Caduan, i'4. kadwaon, 51' 17.

Caeav, 65 '17.
caer, 46'i;

See 27'12

brad, 43'8

tri

trined
keli,

in celi,

36'i2; trindaud

pimp c,

39"2; ar

vann

447

Crist kely, 83-14.

c, io6'iri3.

See Casttll

Keliton, coed,6-io, 49-11, 5r6-i5,

Kelli, 95-2
:

Kaer Kenedir, 63'i2, io7'4. Lev a Gwidion, I02'2.

lleon,

Uriauael, 67-3. L52'2.

Kelvi, kewin, 69-6.

kad, 6r3.
6o'20.

Kemeis

tir,

69-8.

Reon,

Kenedir, kaer, 63-12, 107-4.

Kerediciaun, 74-6. Keri cletifhir, 63-9.

Sallauc, 55"S.

Seen, io2'2.

Wantvy,

99'2.

Keri,yg, 66-17 ;dygen,7S"ikert 9-1

1,

Wyrtin, 57 '9.
Kain, 44'i6, Ka-i, 45'8.

15-10, 48-3, 79-9, 5-lo,

Camlan, 64'6. Karadauc B[reichvras], 28' 12. Caringrun, m'ch Guin m. Nud,987 Carnawlauc, march O. m. Vr.,278.
Karrauc, 63'i4. fioo'2. Karreian clod edmic, tad Meuric,
B.B.C.

kyuergir 102-11, kerd 86-8. kertev 12-11 colowin kertev

; ;

Guendolev 99-12 uthirig kertev =Llachev 99-16.

kertaur 78-7, 79-8; kertorion 26-5,
51-2, 6rii, 62-2, 78-9, 104-n. Certenhin avon, 66-6.

Kerwid,

63'3.

Clytno

idin, tad

K?non,

64-2-5.

Kewin
kigrun,

Kelvi, 69"6.

kian, 67 '6.
11 v,

Coed Coed
Coel,

Keliton,6-io, 4910, 51-6-15,

Lluiuein, kad, 603.
LS^'Z.

64' 13.

mab

Kinvelin, 68-15.

kimerev trin, 57'i2. Kimri 57-13, 594, Kimry

S2''3. 73'i3.

52-5,

cogev, 33-6, 83-18. Collwin i.e. Castell GoUwin, 585.

Kymri

49-14, 58-12,

Convy, nant,

74-12.

y Gitnry, 48-9. Kinan, 52-4, 53-7, Ky-,

Cinbin, 95-8.
Kindilic, 108-14,

18-3, 58-12.

Corbre, ymynwent, 63-11. Corknud, tad Kindilic, 67-7.

corr, 101-9.

mab Corknud,
5f 96-15.
103-9,

Cors Mochno, kad, 6r2.

Creurdilad,

67-7, Gindilic, 91-6.

merch

Lut, 98-8.

Kinlluc, 108-10.

Crist, 18-3, 34-11, 41-4,70-6,73-9;

Kinon, 63-16, 643,

Clytno
idin, 64-5,

mab
67-1
5,

croes 82-2; kely 83-14; guin

34-1-7,

Kynon,
69-7.

mab Meir29-6, Cristi 37-7

mab

Clytno idin 64-1.

Cristaun, 85-5, 88-6.

Kinon garv y duyael,

;

Cristonogion, 71 '8.
Cuelli, 95-2.

Kinran, 63-12, 67-9-1 1,96-16, 107-4

kinreinon, 6-7 ? kinzrein, 59-12. kinteic 65-8, 92-1.
Kintilan, 64-12.
.

Cuhelin

14-1 i,bart 9-9, doeth 15-5.

cuir, llythir ig, 38-12.

(Cunedda, tad Einyavn, 69-19.)

cvnlleith, 105-4: cunlleit, 90-13

Kinvael, 69-7.
Kinveli, 697.

Ky-.

See Ki-.
cp. kinteic.

Kinvelin,

6-4,

tad Coel, 68-15.

Kyheic, 101-2-8.
(Kyhoret, 69-18.)
kyfnissen, 69-2.

kinytion Mordei, 53-2.

Civrid, 63-3.

Clas Guinet, 57-4.

kyminauc,

94-16.
48-9-17, kad, 61-3.
9-9, 15-6.

CWev, Aber
cletyfrut
ep. of

[Deu], 55-11.

cletif hir, ep. of Keri, 63-9.

kyminaud Kymraec,

67-13, cletywrut 27-10,

Kymri, 49-14, 58-12, Ki-,57-13, 59-4

Gugaun.

Cleveint awon, 68-15. clod edmic, ep. of Karreian, 100-2

Kimry, 52-513, 73"i3. 48'9Kynan, 18-3, 58-12, Ki-, 52-4, 53-7

clod lydan, ep. of Ywerit, 99-14.

Cluit, diffrin, 74-12.

Kynan Kynan

garrvin, tad Selyw, 28-4

gyhoret, ryt, 69-18.

Kyndur, 33.
(Cynfric, tad Llewelin), 46-19.

Clun kein,

68-6.

144

B.B.C.

kyniscin, yg, 64-4.

Dilan, 63'8.

Dinon,

3'4.

Kynon,
64-1,
I03'9,

67'i5,

mab

Clytno

idin,

Dinorben, yn aelwyt, 69'i7.

Kinon, 63-16, 64-3, 697,

Dinvythuy, 47'ii.
direid 810, 20'4, 7o'ii, 83'8
diristan, Fechid, lor6.
:

m. Clytno

idin, 64'5.

di-

Kyntelv pridit maur, Kynuid, kad, 92'io. kynvrein, kiwranc y,

Kyrridven, 96,
Kysceint,
1

I03'l.

reid new, direid daear, 70'4.

59" 1 2.

dirnaud, pimp, 40'io.

5 "2.

mab Banon, 947.

75'l.

Dissethach, 957. Dived, Diwed. See Dyved.

Cyueilauc, 74' 13.

Kyven Venvy,

Div Maurth, 57'3; dyv Llun49'i3; dyv Merchir 463, io2'ii dyv
;

kyuergir, kert, I02'll.

kywluc kinhen, yg, 65'5. kywrenhin, dev kenev in,

57'lo.

dywiev 48^8, 6ri5. Diwinvin, tad Aron, 68'i7. Diwneint, 7211.

iev, 46"4,

diweir teulv,

tri,

I04'l.

Daear diarchar,
darogan,
7'2.

68"9.

Dehev, 48-13, loo'S, guledic, 78'3. Deheubarth, 59'i3, -parth, 78'8.

Deheveint, 68'i5.

Domenvs, 427. Domni, 37-8, 39-4. Dormach truinrut,

Douit,
1

[99'8-9ci

Maelgun,
39-6, 70-3,

8-2,

247, 27-6,

79'i4, 88'5, dovit 53'i6, dowit

70-4,

Deinoel,m. Dunauddeinwin, 56'i deinwin, ep. of Dunaud, 56'2.

drvd

arall.

97 '16. See Run.

h., 28"5.

Denvy, 758.
desseffor, Llog, i6'il.

Drudluid, march Ryterch

Druduas, 937.

dev kenev

in

kywrenhin, 57"io.

Du hir terwenhit,m'ch Selyw, 28'3

Dulas, Aber, 56'3.
Dulin, guir, 49^4.

[Deu] CWev, Aber, 55'ii. Deudor, llugirn, 77'!. Deutur (MS. ineutur), 2"2.

Dunaud
duffyr

deinwin,

t.

Deinoel, 56'l.

Devs 427, Ren

Dewi, 547.
dias, 48-5, 62'2.

9"i,

Dews 86"io.

Dyar

56" 10,

duwir 627.

duwir Dyar, Aber, 68'io. dvy caun, Dyued, 746.

[Eitew.

Didmuy,
diessic

Riv, 59'u.

diessic alltudion.

See Eidal ac See Ayf^nn.

Duyrein, 297, ioo'6'8. Dyar, Aber duwir, 6810.

Diffrin Cluit, 74'I2.

r/.

627.

Unben = Mor maur'ic,65 7.

355,
54-9,

diffnn,diffrint, 9ri.
Diffuis,

Dyffrin Gewel, 65 '15.

Diffrin

s8m, 63-10.

Guy,

47'i.

145

Dyffrin Hawren, 75'i.

Eitoel, 11-2.

Machavuy, 48"6. Dyffrin Mynvy, 74"4.

Diffrin

Eiwonit

elvit tir 69-4,

Ewionit74-7

Elaeth, 7o-ri2.

Dyfridauc, 54' 12.

Elchwith, 67-14.
Elffin, 67-8-10.

Dyganhvy,

47-4, 74'9, -uy, 55'i5-

Dyved

63'i,
;

caun, 74'6

Dyued 6o"ii, dvy Diwed tir, 6r4

;

Elgan,

2-6, 3-7, 4-1.

Eliffer, seith

meib,

5-9.

gvehin Dived 53"5

D., 59-16
:

pendeuic

Eliffner,

ab Ner,

68-8.

Dywed, Diwed,

(Dyuet, 69-17). ep. of Alun, 65-12

Eloy, 37-6, 71-4.

Elwael, 75-2.

Dyuel,ab Erbin,4-i, Dywel, 65-16 Dywal, ep. of Silit, 68-3.

dyv.

Eluan gaur,

103-4.

eluit, 24-6, 35-7, 6o-2, 87-13, 88-13,

See div.

90-11, 91-4, 103-3, elvit

tir,

69-5.

Elvy, Llan, 68-4.

(Earrwen, verch Hennin, 69-15.) ebediv am Maelur, 69-12.

Emer

Llydau,

t.

Beidauc

rut, 67-2

Emreis, 96-3.
Epint, 65-15. Erbin, tad Dyael 4-3, 65-16, tad
Gereint, 71-11.

Edar, 46-10. Cp. Etar, An., 37-1. Edeinauc, 18-7 ep. of Anguas,
;

Edeirnaun, 74-11.
Edirn,
in, 79-3.
;

L94''3-

Erbin, suyt, 66-7.

Edrywuy, 47-13 in E., 68-3. Edwin imon 47-4, breenhin 75-7.

Egluis, ygodir Hen, 63-9.

Erch, Aber,
Ergig, 74'3-

64-8.

ehon
Eidal

tuthbleit.
tal

See Ruthir

e.

t.

[72-3. Ergrid avon, in, 64-2. Erir Tywi a Teiwi, 51-17* eriron,

yfcvn, dieffic alltud,

67-17-18.

Erthir,

Errith, 2-3. ap Ll'ch h6n, 107-12.

Eidauc, meibon, 55-4. Eidin cyminauc, 94-14, minit, 95*7

Eilinvy, 68-4.
Eilivert vimt, 27-1.
[see Itin.

Ervid, 68-3.
(Eryri, pendeuic, 48-18).

escyp 56-12,

84-3,

ethlin, 55-14.

agkyueith 61-9* *
.

eilon 16-2, 47-8, 60-12-19, 61-5.

etyl, 82-9-11, etil, 82-15.

(Eingyl, 48-17).

Euas,

74-3.

(Einyavn, ab Cunedda, 69-19).

Eitew, diessic alltud, 67-17-18.
Eithir,niab Llywarchh^n, 107-12. Eitivlch hir, mab Arthan, 66-12.

Eva, 43-12. Ewionit 74-7, Eiwonit 69-4. Ewur, Uv, 107-16. See Pal. Notes
Or" cp. Ir. Ibar.

146

B.B.C.

Falliim, guit, 8ri4.

Fechid
femen,

diristan, ior6.
36'2.

*
fetnin-a.
37'8.

ftUus, 27'i2, 28-2,

7rii,

fill,

Gormant, 77-7. Goronvy, t. Hywel welmor, 73-14 goror nant 64-15 gwris 64-17 kimry73-i3; niynit90-3:5ri7
;

finaun weneftir, io6'8.

finhaun,
teir, 35'5.

gorsset, 11-7, 30-6, 34-6-12, I02-8.

gorterch, 50-6

g.

Creurdilad
98-8.
75-7.

i.e.

fonogion Mugc,

93'6.

5fMechit.

Guin

mab Nud,

Frangc,

56-2,

y Freigc, AT9Berffro.

goruir, 77-6, g.

Edwin,

IFrav, Aber, 74-8.

gosper, 21-9.
gotev, gueith, 101-15.

Freid, San, 83' 12.

Fyrnuael hael, ab Hyvlyt, 66t

Garanhir, ep. of Guitnev, 98"!
garhirion,

i.

Gowanon,

seith

guaew,
cp.

6-6.

grande, 51-18:
i.

734.

Greid, 10-11-12.

72'i3 737-

guaedlan,
5-2
;

4-7, 64-11
5-2.

guaedlad,

Garthan, brein, 99' 15.

Garvluid, 9S'io.

guadlan,

Garvy

saer, 47'i6

Arvy, 73* 13.

28'4.

Gualchmei, 28-10, Gwalch-, 63-15. Ga/allauc 97m, His 97-4, ab Lleinauc,

97-6,

garrvin, ep. of

Kynan,

Lleinnauc, 97-8-10,

gauaeluaur, ep. of Gleuluid, 94'2. gaur, (Gawr, 69'22), ep. of Benlli,

Lleynnauc, 97-12.
Gwallauc,

mab

Goholheth,

100-3.

Eluan, io3'4. Gereint, vaur 72'S, o dir Diwneint

;

1035

ep. of

Gwallauc

hir, 63-14.

Gewel, dyfFrin, 65'i6.

Gilberd,

1.72"ii.

mab Kad

gyffro, 28-8.

Gimry,

y, 48"9.

See Kymri.

guanas 66-3-6. See Gvhir. Guarvy,5o-6,Warruy, 59'io, 74-5. gueilgi, 91-4 g. dowyn, 76-13. gueith, 27-3, 588, lor 1 5 g. aryw:

Gint, 48'!, 55'ii.

*
See Teiwi.

derit, 4-7,

506, 62-13

g. finaun

Glan Teiwi,

6o'io.

wenestir, io6-io; g. machavvi,

Gleuluid gauaeluaur, 94'i.

godir, 637-9.

59-10
13-6,

g. wtic, 83-1

1*

gveith,

gweith, 100-16.

Godybrion, ep. of Guin,

godvff
hir,

94'8.

Gueith,

Kad

Aber, 61-3.

ep of Guynev, 287.

gueli94-5 :gveli 102-5

gwelitin,
isel, 64'l.

gweli64-i

I.

Goglet, 29-8, 53-19, 55-11, 100-6.

Gohoev

etystir, Tri, 28-6.

gvvelugan,
100-4.

2-4.

fio7-io.

Goholheth, tad Gwallauc,

gollewin, 77-3.

Gwen, 63-6, ab Lly'ch hen Gwenabuy, 59-9.

Guendit, 50 ri4, 59-3-15.

64-14,

GoUwin,

castell, 58*6.

B.B.C.

147

Guendolev, 505, 51-4, 5316, mab Keidav, colowin kertev, 99'ii. Guener, 217.
gvenin, 90'6-i2
guenith, 72-13.
;

Gvitel, ep. of Llia, 65'i4. (i25'29)

GwitilaBrithon a Romani, 6ri4. Guitnev garanhir, 9811.

Guitnev, Maes, 1067.
guiton, nav, 96' 12.

guenen

35' 11.

58'i4; brad

Gwenoli, Aber, 63' 13.

gulad,

ciureithau,

Guent,

74-3.

637

gulad veibonin, 6o-5.

gwenwas, 87'3. cp. gwessgvin. gwenvlad, 78'5, guenglad, 43-9 * gwerid, 5r8 gverid, 64'3.
;

Gulad Morgant,74'4. Glamorgan

guledic, Hyuel, 75^4.

guledic 267, 40'4, 83'i

i,

arbennic
78-3.

guerindaud, ip'T gueriton, 7r6.

= virginitat-em.
68'4.

857, 86'6, gliledic Dehev,

gurBangor,Breint, 77'!.^. 68'i3.

Guernin Bre, yg,

gur gwaud, 63' 16.

gurgurt, 64'4, 97"i5 gurth68'io. gur hir, ep. of Kei, 96'5.
;

gwessgvin, io4'i5.

^.gwenwas.

gwestedin Caeaw, 65'i6. gweun. See Hirgweun, 68'i7.

gurach 95^5

guraget

revit,

617.
[66" i.

Gugaun

cletywrut, 27'io, 67'i2.

;

Gurgi, gvychit a Guindodit lev,

Gvhir, 74"4

guanas

G., 66"2.

Guriad, 637.
Gurien, 637, Guryen, 63'5.

Gwidion, caer Leu

a, io2'3.

guin, Crist, 34"I7; duvguin,4ri2;

Gvryen gvrhyd enguavc,

gwris, goror, 64'I7.

66'9.

gur guin,

44-8.

guin, ep. of Kei, 94-3, 969, win,

46'8, 96-12.

Gurrith,

2'3.

gurtheneu, ep. of Gurtheyrn, 67'5.

Gwinn Gvinionavc, pant, 65'4. GwinabNut,99'4, GuinmabNud,

gorterch Creurdilad, 988'io.

Gurtheym gurtheneu,
Cwtic, gueith, 83'ii.

67'5.

Guin Godybrion,
Guindodit, 66'i.

94'8.

Gwy47'i5, Guy 5i'2, Diffrin47'i. Guyn. See Guin.

gvytbuil, ir4.

Guyn o Winllyuc, t. Madauc,65'6.

Gwinet,
46'2, 52'14;

Guynev godvff
brado, 55'9;
;

hir,

march

Kei,

clas Guinet,

57'4
;

588

tir

55-10

guir 46'6, terwin 57-6.

287: (r/.gwineu,83'i-6; io6'l6. Guynnassed, yn lleutir, 67'3.

Guyr.
See Gvhir.

Guineu, i'4,83T3'6. S^^Guyneu. Gvinionauc, 65'4. See pant G. G.

Gwinllyuc, 65'6. Gwynllwg. See Meir. Gwiri, 7 1 6.

Guythuch, 68"2. Guythur, 67' 12.

(Gynan gyhoret, Ryt,

Gyrthmul,
67'4.

69-18).

148

B.B.C.

Hal

art, in, 49-2.

Jal, 74'ii-

hael, ep. of Fyrnuael, 66'ii,

and Jaspar

Griffith, 5

m, 46

m*
Judas.

of Riterch, 285, 52-11, 5616,

57-16, 64-9.

Idas, 87-8, Itas, 62-5.

Idin,ep.ofClytno, 64-2-5. (r^.Eidin

haelaf, ep. of Hyuel, 76-7.

Cp.
78-8.

Jeithion, kad, 61-4.

Hael Hywel o bwrs y wind.

haelon
3-4, 6-9,

Jeithon

hir,

ar clawr, 103-6.

Deheuparth,

Jessu, 25-10, 50-13, 53-13. Jev, dyv 46-4, dyw 488. See Deutur. ineutur, 2-2.
Inis Pridein, 27-7, 28-1-6-1
1.

Hawren,

Dyffrin, 75-1. Heilin, 100-12.

Teir

Helet, Llan, 64'io.

heli, 54-4.

rac ynisar teir inis, 75-3.

Joff, 42-13.

hSn, ep. of Llywarch,64-I4, 107-8

Job.

H^n

egluis, 63-9.

jo2,
is

in

I,

82-11.

(henben, ep. of Hennin, 69-17.)

codic, 81-4.

(Hennin henben,t. Earrwen,69-i6) Henri, breenhin na b., 62-15.

heul 38-11, 46-10-16, 83-13, 88'6.
higneid, 10-6, 84-3. hir, ep. of Eitivlch, 66-12

iscol,

buch, 8r6.

Iscolan, yscolheic, 81-2-3.

isel gwelitin, 64-1.

Itas, 62-5, Idas, 87-8.

;

of

Itewon, 102-2.
Iwerit, in

Judas

See
[Ywerit.

Gwallauc, 63-14
103-7
:

of Jeithon,
28-7.

Rodwut,
54-4.

92-14.

godvff hir, Hiraethauc, 83-2.

Iwerton,

*
Llachar
68-6,

Hirgwevn, Hir vynyt,

Hirell,

68-17.
66-8.
cp.

mab Run,

milur tnirein,

Uyv

niver, 68-10.

57-5.

Bro

Hiryell,

Llachev, 96-9,
Elvy, 68-4.

mab Arthur, 99"i6

inRed Bookof Hergest,

Hirerv minit, 69-9.
hirvlaut, 79-10.

1404-41

Llan Bevno, 638.

Helet, 64-10.

hud = Guin mab Nud,

hoev
etiftir, tri,

98-8.

Morvael,

64-8.

28-11.

Padarn, 63-16.

hwetil, 51-9.

95-15.
1.

hyneiw = Beduir a Bridlav,

Hywel,
76-1,

Ilanerch, 49-15. Ilavur, ar claur, 103-14.

Hyvlyt, tad Fyrnuael hael, 66-1

llawur, llywiaudir,

= Arthur 72-10.

Hyuel,
767.

76-9, guledic

75-4, haelaf

Uaueghin, ep. of Llvch, 66-6. Uaugyfes, ep. of Llev, 66-14.

Llaur, 66-1, 75-10, 97-2.

Hywel welmor, v.Goronwy,

B.B.C.

73-13

149

o nef Uaur, new a, 786, 10115 hid laur, 5812; y duv llaur,
;

Lloegir,

mab

Lleynnac, 100*4.

Lloegruis, 54-9.
lloer, 38-11,88-7.

4rn, 58-I2 y laur 99'6. llauynnauc, ep. of Lluch, 94"i4.

;

Hog
Uu

desseffor, 16- 11.

Llech Vaelvy, kewin, 467. Lledieith, ep. of Llir, 104-16.

(Lledin, 69-16).

Uog^orth, 16-12,72-2.
ouit, 66-2.

*
[28-12.
B.,

Llvagor, march
lluoet agor, 77-1.

Karadauc

Lledneint, y rug Lie win ae, 68-13. Uedneis, ep. of Livid, 69-8.
Llein, 74-8.
/./>'.

Lluc vynit,

108-9.

Lleinauc,

tad

Gwallauc,

97-6,

Llvch llaueghin, 66-6. Lluch llauynnauc, 94-13.

Lluid,

Lleinnauc,-8,-io, LIeynnauc,-i 2.

Merchin march,

46-15.

Lleynnac, tad Lloegir, 100-4.

Lleissaun, 79-7.

Livid Uedneis, 69-7.

Lluiuein,

kad Coed,

60-3.

Llemenic,

68-4.

Llun, 38-8, dyv, 49-14.

Lleon, kad Caer, 61-3. Llethir y Brin, 68-14.

Llundein, 58 in margin, 77-4.

Lluoscar, 66-17. Llut, tad Creurdilad, 98-9, tad

Llev llaugyfes, 66-14. Llev a Gwidion, kaer, 102-2.

Llev,

Tawlogev,
Llyant, 46-1.

68-19.

mab Llywarch
105-5.

h6n, 107-14.

Llvytauc, uab Lliwelit, 66-10.

Llev Powis,

Ueutir Guynnassed, 67-3. cp. lleerror tir, 45-6, and note scribal

Llenn altered
Ueuon, 96-13 Uevreu 36-4.
;

to Lie?/, 66-14.

lleon, 77-9.

Llychur, 67-3. Llydau, ep. of Emer, 67-2. Llyr,t. Manawidan, 94-10. SeelAir
Uyth-er, 36-4
;

-ir ig cuir,
;

38-11.

(Llewelin ap Cynfric, 46-19). Llewin ae Lledneint, y rug, 68-13. Llia gvitel, 65-14. \See Llyr.
Llir lledieith, tad Bran,

Lliv, 67-3. Llyv, Aber, 108-15 llyv niver, ep. of Llachar, 68-io.

Llyvnav, Riv, 66-16.

Llywarch
see

93-11,

h^n,

107-8-13,

104-16.

Llyuarchh^n,64-i4.

Meibon

Llis Gvallauc, 97-4.

Llis, rvif,

= Meigen,
Aber

64-17.

Arav, Argad, Eithir, Erthir, Gwen, Llev, Mechit, Pill, San(&*

Lliv, 67-3,

Llyv, 108-15.

dew, Seliw,

Vrien.

Lliwelit, tad Llvytauc, 66-10.

Lloegir,

55''4'i6, 64-13,

103-11,

Llyuelin, 52-13, 55-16. = llywiawdir llawur Arthur, 72-10.

Lloegyr, 48-7.

(Llywy, 69-16).

150

B.B.C

Mab.
maban,

See ab, am.

5o'i4,

Maredut, tad Madauc,

Ossvran64-5.
mari, 45'io.

io3't.

mab Guendit

48'i2, 5112,

6r5

vebin,

Mabon am Melld, 94'i2. [131 1 Mabon am Mydron, 94"6.

Machavvy, kad, 6ri, gueilh -vi 59'io, diffrin -uy 48"6, gueryd
-ave 66' 18, 67- 1.

mascul a bun, femen, 36'2.

38'8,

a vascul a
mascul-us.

Mathauarn, yg gurthtir, 68' 16. Maur, ep. of Gereint, 72'5. mawr, Maes, 69'2i.
maurtreuit,ep.ofMug,93"i,io8'5.
maurhidic,42"9, 657, io7'4, maurSee Mor. idic, 63' 1 2.

Machrev, 48'6. Madauc, marchauc, 69-4

io3'4'8'u.
cp. infra.

teulu,

f65'4'5.

Maurth, 387,
lonet, 57-3.

div, 57-3, dit guith-

Madauc, mab y Guyn o Win llyuc, Madauc, mab Maredut, 103-05. Madauc, vir Vrien, 6yb.
Maelenit, 75"2, 103-3.

Mechit, 93"3,

fonogion

mab Llywarch "ii Mugc a lataut Mechit

;

937
;

Maelgun,

I'S,

46'i6, 99'8

llu, 4^4.

treuit

ban kirchuid Mug maur nyd oed uagaud meirch

Maelur, ebediv am, 69' 12. Maelvy. See Llech Vaelvy.

Maen.

See Rid Vaen ked. Maes Guitnev, 1067. Maes mawr, 69'20. Maes meuetauc, 67"i4.

Mechit, 93'i-2, io8'5-6.r/.67-i9. Mei, meirch, 67"20. See meirch. meibon. See Eidauc, ElifTer, Lly-

warch hSn, Meigen.

Meigen,

mab Run
;

64'i5'i7,
;

ab
tad

Run

65'2

meibon 67'i9

maluinauc, ep. of Meilir, 6y<).

Alun Dywed 65T3.

Meilir, 65-4,

Manauid,

94'ii.

Manawidan ab

Llyr, 94'io.

maluinauc, mab y Bruin o Bricheinauc, 65'8'io.

mangaled, Meiri, 54'i4. Mantvy, 99"2. See kaer Wantvy. maon, minit, 6o'20. March, 67-12.

Meir, 45'io, 87'6, gwiri7r6,

mam

duu

88"i3,

modridaw
:

teernet,

mam

Crist, 29-4-5

[133-24].
;

meirch Mechit,
Meironit, 747.

93'2, io8'6

Mei

march

inis P.,tri anreith,

march, 8i'i, ioi7'i3. Bucheslum, Caringrun, Carnawlauc,

277-10. See Krv/nX,

meiri mangaled, 54'i3.

L^7'i9-

Keincaled, Drudluid,
terwenhit,

Melynlas, m'ch Kaswallaun,28"l2 Melld, tad Mabon, 94- 12.

menestir.

Du

hir

Guynev,

See finaun w.
77'6.
cp. ioi'4.

Llvagor, Melynlas, Merchin, Ruthir ehon, Tauautir.

B.B.C.

manic, goruir,

Menvy, kyven,

75'2,

Merchin, march Lluid, 46-1 5. Merchir, dyv, 46-3, I02'i2 mer;

Morvael, Llan, 64'8.

morynion moelon, 617.

chyrdit, 487.

mererid, io6'ii-i6, io7'i.

merwerit, 22' i.

Mug, maur treuit, 93' i, lo8*5, Mugc, 93'6. Note that maur treuit do not mean mawr dre/ydd as usually
ion 0/ Mugc, beat
''the

Mervin, 46"i2.

transliterated

meuetauc, Maes, 6yi4. Meuric ar kewin y gureic, 97m. Meuric, mab Karreian c.e., looz.
Mihagel, 32 '12. milur mirein = Llachar, 68'5. mineich yn varchogion, 47'io,

^a/mavvrdrew/ydd. 7%<;ffonog-

mighty smiter'
to death.

Mechydd
6- cp.

See

93'67, *

Mechit.

mur,

ior irii, egluc 65-5, eglur

"3,

I03-I5, eluit

galon

'8,

Pry-

myneich

56'i3.
;

dein

'12,

gwerennic

77"6.

minit Eidin, 957 Eilivert 2yi*; maon 6o'20 ; Hir vinit, 66"8
;

Mydno, tad Vgnach, Mydron, tad Mabon,

mynogi, mynver,
I2'9.

io2'8.
94'6.

Hirerv m.

6g-9.

cp. wibir winit.

Mirtin,37,5,Myrt-,i,2-i,6-2-8-ii.

mynwent Corbre,
88'6.

63'io.

(Merddin, m. Morfryn,46"i7"2o) Mochno. See Cors M.

Mynvy,

dyffrin, 74*4

tir,

59"I4.

Mochnvy,
;

rid, 47'3.

Moesen, 36'i. M6n,6o"6 o amtiret, 6o"9 arben;

Myrtin, ri,2'i,6-2-8'ii, Mir-,37, See Kaer Wyrtin, 57'io. 5.

Edwin imon,47'4 kadimM.,6r2; aethV., 96-12.

ygaul,47'i6
;

Mor, 65*4; maurhidic,

ben,

diessic un-

Nant Convy, 74" 1 2. See Pennant, nav kanmaul, 43"9; navgradnew, nav guiton 96'i2; nav 42"5
;

mab

Peredur,

657

Mor

Morccanhvc

mauridic, 63"i2, io7"4. See Morgant. 77'8.

toryw new, 88'3. Ner, tad Eliffner, 68-8.

Mordei, kinytion, 53'2. (Morfryn, tad Merddin), 46'i7'2i. Morgant, o hil, 77'8.

new a Uaur, 78"6, iori5. i;^. 58"i2. new ac eluit, 88"i3. See direid,
nav, Pedyr, Periw, Reen.

Morgant, gulad, 74*4 = Morccanhvc, 77'8. Glamorgan.

Morial, iiy^.

Nevuy, plant, 757. nognav, I2"5. Nortmandi, 54'2'I0. Nortmin, 58 in margin.

Nu/, tad Gain,
98^8, 99"4.

Morien, by^.

morua,

69' 14, ioo'i4, -va loo'g.

Nynhav,

46-14.

B.B.C.

Oeth ac Anoeth,
offereid, 84'2.

teulu, 66'4.

penbaladir, Kymri, jS'ia. pendewic Dyued, 59'i5.

Ogyrven, 97,

14-9, 15-2.

(pendeuic Eryri), 48" 18.

Oliver vzit, 27" i.

Omni,

66"i7.

pendragon, ep. of Uthir, 947. Penguern, 48" 15.

Penminit, 52'io.

on, 37-8.

onn

verev, 48" 10.

Pennant Turch,
pen palach,
95"6.

66'I3.

orian, i3'5.

Ossvran, mab, 64'^,

Owein,

6o'4,

64T1, bet

in

Llan

helet, 64' 10.

Penrin, 74"5. penwetic, ep. of Peredur, 65"8. Peredur penwetic, tad Mor, 65'8.
perthic, 53-17.

Owein, mab Vrien, 27"8 ; ab Urien 647 bet in Llan Morvael.

;

f^ael 26-9.
;

Peryton, 63'i5.
pilgeint, 2r8, 707.

Owein

92*9,

Reged,

92' 13.

periw new, 44-i, 78*6, 93-8 peryw

Padarn, Llan, 63' 16.

pader, 2r8'9-i2, 84"4.
palach, pen, 95"6.

Paluc, cath, 96"i4-iS.

pant Gwinn Gvinionauc, 6^3. paraduis 407.

Passe, 88' 1 4.

mab Llywarch hfin, Pimlumon, 477. pimp kaer, 39'2. pimp dirnaud, 40'I0. pimp penaeth, 54'2.
Pill,
;

io8'4.

Powis, 74" 1 3 glyu, 57-4 ; Uev, lo5'5

Pridein,

Passcen,

filius

Vrien, 28"2.

58m,6o7,927 28t6'ii unpen o

:

inis,277,
P.,

67-2;

pater et fili et spiritu, 377-8. Paul ac Annhun, 38"4.

teernweilch

P., 79-3

milvir P.,

paul cored, 8fii.

pebir gur, 98"6.
pebrur, ior3.
Pedir,
[ r 1 ], pen pob iei th 83' 1 2, yr 7ri, porthaur new, 7i'3.
I 1

cp. infra.

ioo"5 ; milguir Bridein, 1007. (Prydein, 69-20), 73'io; otirion P., 60-6 ; traufev P., 52-12 mur
;

Prydein, 103- 1 2.
Prydin, kad im, 49-3.
pridit 87-12, 103-2.
pridit
See\>3.x\..

pedridauc, 73" 15, pedror,

pedrival, 69'3
;

11 12.

maur, ep. of Kyntelv,

103-2.

pedryal, 64"8
i

=
i

prise, 57-15.

peddrael,26'i
95"9
;

;pedrydant,76'i

priw uchei, Bro, 92*8.

pryued, mor, 8ri9.
Pryderi, 63-13.

* *

pedryfanhauc, 553.

pelis, 92"2'6"io.

pegor, 18-5.

Pyd, tad Run,

64-2.

Q2

153

Rallt, iny, 6g'i2.

See Alld.

RuT/aun, ruyv enit ran, 67*9

R.

Reged, ep. of Owein, 92'i3. ren new, 29-12, 32-33, reen, 137 Devs ren, g'l 83'2'io, 88'i5
; ;

ryievanc daerin, 67-11.

Ruvein, 82-15.
ruyw,

mab
.

Ren
Ri-.

88-11, 93'io.

Ry

Rys,

Rigenev, 68-11. See Ri

.

Reon, Kaer, 6o"20. See Rid Reon.

See Ryrianet, ergynan, 29'6.

Ryddnant, glan, Rymi, 62-12.

68-20.

2-9, Ris, 57-11.

Rid Reon, 52-4, 64-3. Rid Vaen ked, 65-II. Rid Vochnvy, 47'3.

Ryterch hael,28-5,Ryderch49-l6, h. 56-16, Riderch h. 57-16, 64-9, Ritech h. 52-1 1. ? Rydirch, 503.

Ryd

Britu, 66-17.

(Ryt Gynan gyhoret, 69-18). Ridev, in y, 68-11.

Rieinvc, 77-8. Rigenev, tad ruyw, 68-12.

Saeson

60-6,

pen Saeson
5i'i3,

66-7,
52-5,

Saesson,

48-10,

57-12, 58-5, 60-14-16, 103-7.

(Sais, 125-29).

Riogan, a want Run,

rrin, 46-3

69-1.

Sallauc, Kaer, 55-5.

; rinn, 94-9. Ris, o hil, 57-11 ; Rys, 2-9. Ritech, Riterch. See Ryderch h.

(Sanauc, 69-14.)

Sandew, mab Ll'ch h6n,

Sanffreid, 83-12.

108-4.

Riv Didmuy, 59-11. Riv Lyvnav, 66-16.

rodwit, 92-5, -wut Iwerit, 92-14.

Sarffren, iny, 58-5. seint 34-4, 71-n, 85-5, 106-4. seith seint, etc., 34-4.
seith guaew...kad...tan, etc., 6.

Romani,
Ros,

61-14.

74-9.

Rowynniauc,

74-9.

seith

meib

Eliffer, 5-8-9.

Run, Run, Run, Run, Run, Run, Run,

tra, 49-8.

Seithennin

sinhuir

vann

63-11,

(69-15),

kywranc R. ar Drvd
69-1.

-hin, 106-6, synuir v., 107-3.

arall, 93-5, 108-8.

Seliw,

Ri oet ew, 68-20,

Selyw
Seri.

mab Llywarch hen, 108-4. mab Kynan garrvin, 28-4.

S., 27-10.

mab Alun Diwed, mab Pyd, 64-2.

65-12.

Seon, caer, 102-2. See Bucheslum

Siaun, 69-9.
Silit, 68-3.

tad Llachar, 68-6. tad Meigen, 64-i6"i7, 65-2. rut, ep. of Beidauc, 66-16-19, 67-1. Ruthir ebon tuthbleit, march
Gilberd, 28-8.

suinau, 23-24.

\(>y^^, io7"3.

synhuir vann, ep. of Seithennin,

suyt Erbin, 66-7.
B.B.C.

'

tad awen,' ep. of Tedei, 637.

.

ton navfed, 53-5. Trewruit, 68-19. See Tryuruyd. Tri aghimen kad, 107-13.

Taguistil.

tir

Guinet, syg.

Tal
tal

art, 49'2.

yscvn, ep. of Eidal, 67*i8.

talyrth, 68-6.

Tri anreith march Inis

Tri bodauc, 65-3. Tri hoev etystir Inis

P., 27-7.

Talan, 10816,

Taliessin,2-8,5'8,6'5,7'i, io2'9'io,

P., 28-11.

Talyes', 17, Taliess' 4"4.

Taradir, Aber, 52' 12. tarv torment, 63' ro.

tarv trin, 6<)-g-i3, 97-13, lo8-l.

Tri gohoev etystir I. P., 28'6. Tri thorn etystir I. P., 28-1. Tri llv rac drech, 25-9.

Taw, pont

ar, 47'i4,

63T.

Tdv.

Tri meib Llywarch hen, 107-13. Tri seith pader, 2ri2.

trin 65-18, 66-8
;

Tauautir breichir, march Kadwallaun, 27-1

1.

kimerev, 57-12

tarv, 69-9-13, 97-13. '08-1.

Tawlogev, mab Llut, 68' 18. Tavue68'ii Tawuenessaf 98*14,

;

trined in celi a thri vned, 36-11.

truinrut, ep. of

Dormach,
88-8
;

99-9.

eithaw98-i5,Tawuy47"i4,98'i3
'

trydit

Ryuet
;
;

tri

diweir

Tedei,

tad awen,' 637.

77'9.

teulv, 104-1

tryde

llv 25-12.

Teernon,

Tegigil, 74-10.

Tryuan 1-7 alld Try van 64-7. Tryuruyd ly, Trywruid 94-11,
;

Teir cad, 68-7 t. rac ynis ar

t.

finhaun, 35-5

traetheu 95-10.

Cp. Trewruz'd,
-

teir inis, 75-3.

teithiauc, ep. of Goholeth, 100-4.

Turch, Pennant, 66-13. [68-19. tuthbleit, Ruthir ehon, 28-8, 5 1 1 7.

Tytul, Brin, 92-4.

Teiwiaffon, 51-17; olanT., 6o-ii. See Du hir t. terwenhit, 28-3.

teulu Arthur, 103-16 Benlli gaur, 103-5
103-4-8-11
;
;

teulu
*

bann

Tywi, 63-1 dvylan, 6ri6; erir, ISi-'? Tywin, 74'5;

>

Madauc
uchel tytin, 64-1.

t.

Oeth ac Anoeth

66-4

tri

diweir deulv, 104- 1.

30-1.

Teyrnuron,
tir,

34-3,
;

62-5, 63-14, 85-1,

89-3,
;

Vgnach, 102-8-12 ;mab Mydno,-7. Vnic bariffvin, 53-5. Vrien, 76-12 m. Ll'rch hen 107-15
:

92-2

tir

Brycheinauc
;

74-1

tir
;

Vrien, tad Owein, 27-9

;

tad Pass;

Diwneint, 72-11
tir

elvittir, 69-5

eredic tir, 44-6; tirethlin, 55-14;

can 28-3 Urien, tad O., 64-7 tadcu Madauc, 65-6.

vrten, 9-6, 15-1, 77'I2
;

59-14

Guinet, 55-10; tir Mynvy, tir terwin y eilon, 61-4

;

urtin,64-l.
Yordin-eiii.

Uthirpendragon,94-7.
vtvt, 49-5. 76-3-

tirion (//.), 26-4, 6o-6,

54*4.

B.B.C.

155

Vaelvy, llech, 467. Vaenked, Rid, 65-11.

wineu.
uir

See Guineu, Guyneu.

Vagv,

claur, 103" 17.

vanncaer,yar,io6'il,vank.io6'i3.

Aedan, 15-9. vir Vrien, Madauc, 65-6. uiron Yswein, 58 m.

vrth-av, 16-3
;

[98-14"'d 68-3,

Wantvy, kaer,

99'2.

-i,

44-13

veibonin, brad gulad, 6o'5. Welmor, ep. of Hywel, 73' 1 3wenestir, finaun, io6'8-ii.

Wtic, gueith, 83-11. See Gwtic. *

wyant, 46-2.
vythneint, 94-5.

Vochnvy,

rid, 47'3.

Uriauael, Kelli, 67'4. Vrython, 61-5. See Brython.

Vynyt, Hir-, 66-8. Wyrtin, Kaer, 57-9.

Ynys, teir rac, 75-3. See Inis. Yscolan 8r2, Iscolan, 81-3. Cp. ystarn de winev, 83- 1-3-6.

Guynev, march Kei.

Yftawin, 96-11.

*
Ystrad wy.

Warvy 74-5, Guarvy 50-6, Warruy

welugan.
2'4.

Ysradvi, 74-5.

l59"'0'

wen,nichan, 3rio. Q>.guengert.

wibir winit, 99"io.
wid, 437.

Ystyuacheu, 67-4. Yswein, uiron, 58 (margin),

yton,

Kad

ar, 61-1.

125-33).

(Wiliam Sion,

Ywerit clod lydan, tad Bran,99-I4. Cp. in rodwut iwerit, 92-14.

156

BBC.

Some of the
2 sg.
;

less familiar forms of Verbs*.

Pres. Ind., in old poetry, often ends in -it, i.e. -j'8 = -y vel -;. Anigiffredit 937, gg'io clivit 20'5 kyuerchyt 79'l6 digonit 197; doit erchit 97'i6 gogyuerchit gS'i guneit 235 imwaredit 98'2, io2'i 196 medrit 92-5 rotit gS'i sillit 999. Kedwi 43'i2, erti SJ'i.&c. of taraw=tereu 3 sg. Pres. Indicative of a8aw = eteu 102-5 63'I3 of cadvv = iycheidw I4'6; of llanw = lleinw ion ;ofberwi = beirvv lori oferchi = eirch 31 'ii (a/yocyv-eirch 319, 50-4, go- 96' 1 4, en-eirch 50-2, kywr- 166) parch-av = peirch 50'S of trenghi 70'I2 = treinc 709 ; of diang-av = ry dieinc 918 of coSi 436 = caw8 146 of digoni = dichaun 717 of no8i = naw8 8-ii, 70-1 1 of cronni =
;

crawn 3r3; arvoll-av = ervill ig'i,ior6; gwel-av,

3 sg.
;

2.

-i45'4,

gwyl47'8.

69-6,

3 sg.

Preterites in -aud. Diwaud 42-13, 44-7, diwod 452, divaud rym divod 6ri3 guaraud 39-8. Preterites in -as, -es, -is, -wys, -ws. Bradas 81-9; cauas 66-3,

dylivas 87-8; guelas iori6, rythwelas 101-12; ry dadlas 74-2: tuyllas 81-9: digon^j 100-14; rotes 42-16, 66-15; ry toes 106-7: cedwt's 43-12, ry chedwis 14-7 ry chynis 14-8 treghis 21-13, 7"^ brissuis 101-3 crevis bendiguis 35-9 bilwis43-l ha.ra.uys 4313 86-IO; kynnuis 40-8; guiscvis 43-16; ry wiscuis 75"io; minnvis 44-4; pechuis 41-14 tinnuis 97-5-1 1 ; bendigaj- 36-1 ffruinclymuus 93-13. 3 sg. Perfects Passive in -ad, -ed. Caffad95-2; caffod 16-2; diallad
; ;
'<

63-3 ; rim artuad 231 ; ry parad 85-10 ; suinad 23-10 arched 73-10 ; colled 95-2; digoned 36-8; ganed 6514, 73-9, ri aned S3-15; proued 40-1 ; roted 2312 ; ry doded 81-1017.
;

Prof. Strachan writes in the Revue Celtique, 1907: "It is well-known that the Subj. of the Irish verb has formally only two tenses, a present and a past. I have discovered clear indications that in British, as in Irish, there were at one time only two tenses ... In the same passage an earlier text shews the past Subj. when a later exhibits the plpf. Thus R.B, Mab. yr nas gwelsei=^ W. B. kyn nys rywelhei 454'22 &c. Later plpf. Subj. forms = plpf. Ind., and have come from them. The spread of the plpf. Ind. to the Subj. goes along with the disappearance of A forms in the Subj., whereby the past Subj. came to coincide in form with impf. Ind., except in a few words and even there is a tendency to substitute byium for bewn.
. . .

As Thurneysen has pointed out K7.., XXXI, 10, the plpf. Ind. is in itself a British innovation, modelled on the impf. In Early Welsh the impf. is still found in a plpf. sense in the apodosis of conditional sentences, e.g. din a collei bei nas firinkei man would have been lost if He had not redeemed him bei yscuypun nys guna'wn \i I had known &c." B.B.C., 4i'i & Si'ia.
. .
.

In his paper on the SuBj. Mood in Irish Prof Strachan has shown that reis found with the "In Welsh ry is past, only in exceptional circumstances, absent in the instances quoted from the B. B.C. and in a couple of others, but more generally it is present. Here obviously we are confronted with a Welsh innovation to get a more distinct form to express the plpf. sense. similar use of ry is found with the Pres. Subj. when it has the force of a perfect, cf. Eriu II, 218. This use, however, is not without its exception." See * Continued a digonJu}m=yih2X we have done 30-3. from page 112 q.v.

B.B.C.

57

APPENDIX & POSTSCRIPT.

This German fount, in various sizes, and the letters specially cut represent the Large Initials referred to on page xxxvii above. All are red, except those particularised below. Black: A 46'i.

Gw; A 48-4, 49-8, 50-15,

G85-7; H61-10,

51-14, 52-1

Chrome:
the MS.,

The above

i8-i in/?^(/, A48-3 B41-5 ; K 104-3 coloured in Chrome: 88-3 the hound Dormarch on page 97 the human head on page 25, also corners of the square enclosing D, g-i, with black in the centre. For further details see Facsimile, and its prefatory note.
; ; ;
!

78-3-5-8-10-13, 82-3, 85-1; B 91-9; 046-9-11-13; 63-4-5-13, 107-11; 46-14 ; 83-13, 90-14, 107-15; 65-1, 66-2-8, 90-4; 90-1 ; S 91-1 ; 3-5-7, 19-10, 27-1 1, 65-2, 83-16, 89-3, 107-13, 108-1. Certain of the large capitals are floriated, in Black, B 87-3,

; ; ; 10-12, 86-6 ; fount, in smaller capitals, represents red letters in except those enumerated below which are black.

62-1-6, 70-13;

23-4

341-5,87-3; D 73-1 47-7, K 104-3; N 742; S io6-6; V76-10. K 18-1 M 84-2 N 24-9.
;

&

of the Verbs have crowded out the analysis of the printed over a year ago, otherwise the Verbs would have fared similarly. As there is no real end to any work, only a leaving off, I stop with the few corrections and First comes xx-17 of the preface. additions which follow. " Nis credav goel can nid kerth. Why do we say God bless you " do not know, but the persistence of to the man who sneezes ? the ritual shows the importance of the dogma in our ancestral are all suckled in creeds outworn when we are religion. grown up we repeat our catechisms, ancient and modern, with equal Our minds are fervour and equal ignorance of the meaning. swayed by nursery tales, and we ever find it necessary to dash past dark places to escape bogies of the mind. Our bard, to keep up his In the hands of my Lord I will dress to-day a spirits, sings aloud sneeze I hear, I will it will not hurt me, I will not believe it. dress me seemly well 1 will not believe an 07nen, because it is not Later he tries certain; He who created me will sustain me.' 82-3-7. to rationalize on the subject, for he reflects that where there is a But it is safe to assume that nose there will be sneezing, 83-5. sneezing perturbed his soul to the end. 46- 1 7 The statement that Merhin is the author of the matter on 47-62 is too absurd to discuss. Note the dates of the events, p. xxiii, etc.

The Tables

orthography.

The Notes were

We

We

'

May -day,
1

igoj.

J.G.E.
B.B.C.

58

Scribal Errors.
gelho. 112 Kitoel /or Eitol. cp. 67-17, & Bruts 140. I2'iimer for ?me/. i2'5 ev /(?r ?aev = wyv. [?fi'Al6'9 a hun for ? Ahun i.e. Anton-y, the father of monachism. cp. Omit. 23"3 nin cred z". 31-9-10 aor^ .... w^[gert 41 12]. 29'3 weUi for wellig, 3sg. Pres. Ind. of gwelligaw /r^w gwall 43'i4 guyth for gwynh, see 44-2. Llywarch Reynolds. 49'9) 891 1, 9ri4 j^scud, /scuid/c>r the old monosyllabic scuid.

76 ge\ho/or

64'i urtin

for

m'rtin.

92'8 yar can

brzyvhun.
878 dybVas.
94'5

Omit.

70-5 imyo^l

for 84*2 bid, m. ecclvis, (. 84"i3 Ryhun a ryuetudaud

for ? ya.r varcA can. /or imyoW. Note /^esgip ae ^^igneid, and metre. i.e. Ryhun ryve8w-dawd.
Cp.

= uvelin. 8'i odiu = godiv. 9-12 Cathyr = |Ir. cinteir. = prayer, from Lat. Pet-o. \y\ mywir from mevior-xa.. = reen, ruling power, from an oblique case oiregen-s. 9" ren lo'4 kywyrgirn kyvle = kyvr-gyrn kyv-let/. = coat of mail. 5314 nym|ad = ny mad. 47'6, 58'6 dillad = ? yn oeth = ? yn oeb But cp. R.B. 7-30 66'5 yinoeth guas.
6'3 vuelin

Metre requires a dissyllable. J ?dvyl/as. mi ae guared? for jfs mi ae guared = ae guared jfs mi. Arnun nin cred ni nep = Arnun nep nin cred, 23'3. 105106. kedy2i?|mteith for kedymteith. Equations.

Z'^pedi
I

Eirymynyd acdo

oeth

86'3 di-iawi. Cp. gwa-80/ dot, loo'i6 golchiw. Verbal noun. | cp. molim.

Bit glaf

pob trOm 110m Uet noeth. dowry. Eng. dole, O.E. ddi, geddl.

Additional Notes.
22'i, 87'i5 dinwrtj-hate
.
.

dinwrt;j.fune.

Scr. errors for

diwnute

The plpf. is an imperfects, and dissyllables. innovation in Welsh. See note on p. 157. 22'i2 pir wu-ii/ This rhymes with dikivolw. The/is mute. Cp. the rhyme-words of kyvle = kyv-le/'lo'4 Ili = lliy62'l5, &c. 25'9drech = ?/^;. <)/drych. drech drem = ? mirror-look. Cp. He took such cognisance of men and things, If any beat a horse you felt he saw Yet stared at nobody, you stared at him, And found, less to your pleasure than surprise, He seemed to know you and expect as much. S. Browning. = ^before May g.' Pug/te. See xxx7-i8. -/- is usually 23'i K\niev\n reduced to n/t. Cp. An/;un 3814 ca/;yn 166 k'm/iuan 6'5 ; ke\ne\dforke\nAe\d, from keinieid 99, i5'4 tormew/zoeS io3'9. 389 anotun = abyss, from an + go+dwvyn. The intensive particle an must not be confounded with the negative an, in words like
.

diwnune

i.e.

achvant 73'4, awhetauc 127, ^weir 876, enrydet 547, ^ryuet 557, where the a is affected by the following palatal vowels.
B.B.C.
1

59

6r5

aliens, strangers. Lat. al-i-us. cp. Taliessin 43'8 Noc eillon deu traeth GOell kaeth Dyfet. Deu traeth app. the strands of Fishguard and Newport. Both strands belong to the old lordship Marcher, or barony of Kernes, which "was " in Dyved. The originally independent of the Palatinate of Pembroke Norman leader "Martin de Tours or de Turribus," brought the etllon Note that Newport is into deu traeth, and established them there. Trevdraeth, vel 'Trewdrath' in Welsh. 62' 1 4 a llyr en Hi. cp. Tal. AtOyn eryr ar Ian llyr pan llanhOy 9-4 ;

eilon

dy llyr 6626 ; Myv. : Val twryf ebyr yn llyr llawn 1 56''9. Cp. m^rweryh, 88'8 below. 67'13 anoeth bid. Cp. anoeth byd braOt bOyn kynnuU R.B. I3'i8'20. 67'i5 Cylchuy drei. Cp. An. calc drei. | Myv. ysgwyd amdrei i6o^'52. Cp. Khy-vel, & CaXmor. Howel vab GronO 73'I3 Hywel welmor. ... a gynhullo6 anreitheu drwy losci tei a diffeithaw haiach yr holl wladoeh." Bruts i-j^y]. 8 1 '6 See note p. 133, and footnote 28 of page xviii. 82' I -7 See XX' 1 7, and postscript, page 158. = ? /Jyduu = pyd/w, or pydwj', i.e. ' a sneeze can 82"4 Nid ew wy|duu I won't believe it.' See Postscript. do no harm 82 '4 coel = /r. eel, gl: auspicium. Kerth = cerZ-wj. 'a rei onadunt a adassant 83' I Redact, cp. Laws MS.E, fol. i y redech, ac ereill yn gvbyl a dalyassant, ac ereyll o newyd a
dylleinO

Saddle thy bay, with bridle white, coursing Hiraethog with quivering mane. 88'8 merwerit mor, the tossing or tumult of the sea, [? flood-tide], = wave, agitation, frivolity, pleasure 22'l. cp. \x. mor-fairrge;

ossodassant.'

also.

Bran mab

Loth's article in Revue Celtique, 1907, and 6214 above. = xm-reachabXe. i.e. unattainable. 96'9 d\heit The Ysgavynwyn of Aneirin, 20'6, naturally 96' II Ys/awingun.

werit (fem.), 99'i4, with Bran vab

llyr.

See

M.

= Ysgavnwyn. See Note p. 137. suggests Yscawingum 98-13 urth i fruin yd wet. The line is app. a syllable short. Read: For the assimilation of ? wrth i ffrwy yd hw-eS, (See x'3l). of consonants cp. cayd k. = ca yd kerth 82"6 arid = ar rid wi wiv = wyt/ 7/yw loo'6. 92'5 gS'iS^rirmorterruin. See page xi, footnote 4 & cp. Pal. Note 5ri7. ior6-8 FechidXooVi like a verb 3 sg. Pres. Ind. Sense suggests ' nu nyth ervill,' but that does not explain the bungled im djoA! The third line contrasts favourably the reception given to the subject of the poem by the bard with that by Tristan. I02'2 Ban deuaw o csi^rfeon o imlat ac itewon. See xvi-xviii, & cp. Ef kyrch kerdoryon fe fyberO Seon. Tal. 42'3. Br. Matez 'servant'; corn, maghteth, io6'9 vachteith = morwyn. Gothic mag-ath-s, O.E. maid O. Ir. -macdacht, 'adult' V.Henry. aX. magd, s^xyzni.' ci. m'ddchen.
; ; ; '
. .

160

B.B.C.

Corrections
"

&

Additions

the Battle of ArvderyS, in which Maelgwn ix"8-9 subject and his men took a decisive part." When I wrote that sentence I was mentally fast asleep.* As Maelgwn is said to have died in 547, he could not have been at ArvderyS in 573. Though I had learnt this from the Annales Cambriae, and noticed the change of metre at 47, yet, in common with others, I failed to perceive that two different dialogues had been compressed into one, till Mr. Egerton Phillimore called my attention to the fact. The scribe, we may suppose, turned over two or more leaves of his original together, thus omitting the end of the first, and the beginning of the second dialogue. The speakers being the same in both dialogues the change of subject escaped the scribe's notice, and long has his mistake lived undetected. The first half only, therefore, concerns Maelgwn, with whose court Taliessin is associated. Myrbin, called the King of Dyved in the Vita Merlini, figures as the bard of the men of the South. These two bards are the representatives of the rival combatants. Mr. Phillimore identifies Traeth Tryvrwyd, 1-6, the Tribruit of Nennius, with the Solway Firth, which appears as Tracht Romra in the Irish Life of Adamnan. That Maelgwn made a descent on Dyved is clear. Witness the death of Dywel ab Erbin, 4'2, and his grave in the Plain of Caeo, 65T6. The name of Elgant figures as one of the four princes of the adjoining parish of LI. Sawyl, and is commemorated in Trallwng Elgan, in the upper hamlet of Talley parish. Erbin and Elgan figure in the line of the sixth century Kings of Dyved, J where Kyndur appears among their ancestors. Kedvyw, or its cognate Cetiu {B. of LI. Ddv, 149^ occurs in Blaen Cediw in LI. Gan and Llether Cadvan, in LI. Gathen, commemorates his companion. These and other interesting identifications Mr. Phillimore proposes to print soon.
is
;

The

xxiii-xxviii.

These pages were written with the help of the Bruts, and Lewis's Topographical Dictionary. The dates given are

those of the Druts, which are generally a year or two out. The history of Lewis needs revision, but as Histories of England, including the latest, are silent on the events treated in our text, I found it impossible to verify anything. Students will therefore accept nothing on trust. is too late" xxiV9-i5 Omit: "It only mentions Bachwy "Robert of Belesme" "or Bachwy." The rivulet Bachwy is a
local

*See on Welsh MSS., Report Books of Wales, vol. i., pp. 66-67. on Welsh MSS., vol. t Report
B.B.C.

vol.

i.,

p.

120;

and Skene's Four Ancient

i.,

p. 714.

JCardiff

MS.

25, p. 77.

161

tributary of the Severn, which it joins above Llan Idloes, as stated by Lewis, who nevertheless makes the mistake of writing " "

Machawy
Note

or

Bachwy

elsewhere,

Gint. Mr. Arthur Jones, of the Manchester University, has called my attention to Mr. Alex. Bugge's Norsemen in Ireland^ where it is shewn that the foreigners who held the Irish coast were not Danes, but Norwegians. Mr. Jones also points out that in the Bruts Norsemen were confounded with Germans (267'20-2i, 273'io-ii). Llvvch Garmon = We.\ford. " and again at Winchester in 1 172." Prof T. F. Tout. xxvii"i7 omit
xxiv.
41.

For Senghenyh read Seinhenyb = Sueineshe = Swansea Lt. Col. Morgan, xxiii. Read: Oh the little more, and how much it is; And the little less, and what worlds away. Robert Browning. I mis-quoted from memory, having read the lines between Sidney and Melbourne in 1881, and never seen them again. Cancel Pal. Notes i2'5, 22-I2, 29-3, 94'5, 95'4, iof6^ Cancel last paragraph of Pal. Notes ir4, 307, 7rio'', 82'9, 83'ib,
xxviii'27 Castle.
84'8, 92'8
;

also

first

sentence of footnote

For 'amhad,' read ^nmh^A' 97,

&

17, p. xiv.

for 'na?^/'

read n&uV V .'^

^

I4"6.

637 Tedei. cp. 'cithara notissima Tithen' oi Vita Merlini.'E..V. For folio xv/i (p. 35) read xvin and for zf//* (p. 105) read /,//*. For the compositor's 'agressively' read 'aggressively' xx'29
;

for 'everthing'

r^rt^^'

everything' xxvi'i5
;

for

'<?

bawSyn'
'

in

some

copies read ' bawSyn' xxxvi7 for 'firmament,' read firm<i>neni' 120T for 'di/iJculty,' read^ di^culty' 140-22 transpose ae to ea in ^raed' = Tea.d, 137, last line cancel repetition of in ix7, and of a xxiii' 1 3.
; ; :

INDEX*
Kewin ir aelwyd 47'9. Kyminaud, kad, 6r3.
ISevion/or KerSorion,
llu

xvii.

Drum

98-13

xi n. 4b.

du 86-5. mein wineu

2'4.

Elei, 94-6.

Myrtin, ?64-i.
tir,

[" 4^xi,

[Erjethlin,

5514.
cp.

E.P.

Gwythneint
huimleian

Pal.

94-5.

Gwytheint

Mor Terrwyn 98'i5, 106-9. Moro OrwySawg xiii, n. 12.

preitev gorthowis 96-4.
. . .

51-9, 55-7-I3.

tad read Omit Fechid and urtin. For Ywerit Note on 888 (p. 160), and cp. Bruts, 303.

niant

see

162

B.B.C.

LIST OF SUBSCRIBERS.
PATRONS' EDITION.
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The Most Noble

the Marquess

of,

Cardiff Castle.

Cardiff Public Libraries, per J. Ballinger, Esq. Conybeare, F. C, Esq., M.A., F.B.A., Norham Gardens, Oxford. Cymmrodorioti, The Honourable Society of, per E. Vincent Evans. Davies, Charles Morgan, Esq., Architect, Morganstown, Merthyr.
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the

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163

Morgan, Lt.-Colonel W.

LI.,

Bryn

Briallu,

Swansea.

Morris, T. E., Esq., LI. B., 8 Fig Tree Court, Temple, E.G. of AngjoNapier, A. S., Esq., M.A., Ph.D., D.Litt., F.B.A., Prof, Saxon and English Language and Literature in the University of Oxford. Owen, Ewd., Esq., Barrister at Law, India Office, Whitehall, S.W. Owen, Henry, Esq., U.C.L., U.L., Poyston, Haverfordwest.

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164

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Arnold, Prof E. V., M.A., D.Litt., University College, Bangor. Bowen, Alfred E., Esq., Town Hall, Pontypool. Carmarthenshire Antiquarian Society and Field Club, per
Spurrell, Esq.

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