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ADB Transport Forum SOUTH-SOUTH COLLABORATION

URBAN MOBILITY IN AFRICA EXPERIENCE SHARING FOR POLICY DIALOGUE

Andre Dzikus Urban Basic Services Branch UN-Habitat 7 November 2012

INTRODUCTION
Beginning of the 19th Century Urban world population 2% Beginning of the 20th Century Urban world population 10% Beginning of the 21th Century Urban world population 50%
AFRICAN CONTEXT By 2030, the population living in urban areas in East Africa will increase from 7.5% of the average annual population (1950 to 2000) to 22.6% (2000 2030)

Preparing for this continued urban growth now provides the opportunity to avoid mistakes made by other cities already further along in their development paths.
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INTRODUCTION
Mobility in Africa The issues
Rapid urbanization leading to Increasing congestion and emissions urbanization expanding at 6% in developing countries (World Bank) Accessibility & inclusivity Strong Para-Transit Sector Low Permeability Cross country transport corridors Fragmented institutions and sharing of core responsibilities amongst several agencies. Lack of policy cohesion

The challenges
Road transport accounts for 90% of passenger traffic in Africa - correlating with a rise in health problems associated with air pollution (UNECA) Financing of transport systems. African countries fall short of allocating the desired 6-8% of GDP into infrastructure development. Mini-buses account for half of the trips made in motorized transport (World Bank) Africa has highest number of road traffic accidents per capita in the world (UNECA)

SOUTH-SOUTH COLLABORATION, 7 November 2012, ADB Transport Forum 2012

UN-HABITAT VISION FOR URBAN MOBILITY

As an agency, UN-Habitat works in: 1. National Urban Policies 2. Planned city expansion and infill (linked to city/ metropolitan/transport planning) Our work in urban mobility focuses on: - Urban legislation - Urban planning - Urban design - Mass rapid transit (MRTS/BRT, etc.) Our main partners/implementers are: - Local authorities - Finance institutions (international and local) - Transport service providers and private sector
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WORK OF UN-HABITAT IN SUSTAINABLE MOBILITY

Mobility planning integrated with land use planning People-oriented transport solutions Fair access to urban services and public spaces for all Deliverables: 1.Demonstration Projects implemented in Africa and Asia 2.Rapid Assessment Tool for Sustainable Urban Mobility (Africa, Asia and LAC) 3.Toolkits /guides/ publications Dissemination of Experiences (SUSTRAN Project, GENUS project) 4.Ninth issue of the Global Report on Human Settlements, focusing on Planning and Design or Urban Mobility

Clean mobility

Safe roads

Peoples involvement

SOUTH-SOUTH COLLABORATION, 7 November 2012, ADB Transport Forum 2012

Sustainable Transport for East Africa

Project Countries Kenya; Ethiopia and UgandaFast growing Capital Cities: Nairobi, Addis Ababa And Kampala

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SUSTRAN Project aims

Strategic Response Upgrade transit systems Implement improved non-motorized transport infrastructure Apply travel demand management Other supporting policies

Intermediate Aim: Reduce growth in private motorised vehicles

Project Aim: Reduce traffic congestion & pollution

Goal: Create the technical and institutional basis for implementing metropolitan sustainable transport networks. Technical basis: Establish a demonstration corridor for sustainable urban mobility. Institutional basis: Building Awareness, understanding, skills in public institutions, the public and other stakeholders
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SOUTH-SOUTH COLLABORATION, 7 November 2012, ADB Transport Forum 2012

1c. SUSTRAN Project components

1. Technical assistance and institutional support for the development of a comprehensive sustainable metropolitan transport system in Addis Ababa, Kampala and Nairobi 2. Planning and detailed design for implementation of a demonstration sustainable transport corridor in Addis Ababa, Kampala and Nairobi, featuring BRT, NMT and TDM measures 3. Feasibility of application of clean vehicles and fuel technology initiatives in Addis Ababa, Kampala and Nairobi 4. Regional capacity building, awareness raising and networking Exchange from experiences in Addis Ababa, Kampala and Nairobi Regional training, focusing in stakeholders engagement, industry transformation, integration of different modes and institutional development for mass rapid transit Regional collaboration (lessons from Johannesburg Rea Vaya BRT, Dar es Salaam DART implementation, Lagos LAMATA) Platform to advocate for national urban policies that support smart growth (compact cities, planned city expansion and infill)

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PRO POOR AND GENDER ACCESSIBILITY ASSESSMENT TOOL (Mozambique and Rwanda)
Objective Improve stakeholders capacity to identify the accessibility needs of the urban poor. Improve equity of planning outcomes and operationalize poverty reduction through mobility interventions. Allow for more specific articulation of strategies for how transport and land-use planning can be integrated to better respond to the accessibility needs of the urban poor
ACCESSIBILITY The extent to which individuals and households can access day to day services, such as employment, education, healthcare, food stores and town centres. Being able to take part in the normal activities of society, such as employment, democratic processes and maintain social networks and social relations. 9 MEASURING ACCESSIBILITY E.g. Affordability Index:

Number of trips x Average cost per trip Per capita income

SOUTH-SOUTH COLLABORATION, 7 November 2012, ADB Transport Forum 2012

UNITED NATIONS ADVISORY COMMITTEE OF LOCAL AUTHORITIES (UNACLA)

Comprised of mayors representing the broad range of local authorities from all global regions. The purpose is to advice the UN-HABITAT Executive Director on implementation of the Habitat Agenda. Addressing Sustainable Urban Mobility in 2011/2012 Exchange of experiences for establishing effective public transport systems as a key element for sustainable urban development in general.

Activities Linking transportation to urban planning to reduce the need for motorized travel; Establishing effective public transport systems Expanding non--motorized transport infrastructure Mobility management for integrated service solutions Facilitating more efficient vehicle and fuel technologies.

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UNITED NATIONS ADVISORY COMMITTEE OF LOCAL AUTHORITIES (UNACLA)

Activity Components
Work on the five themes through the following key activity components: 1.Documentation of case studies and best practice examples on urban mobility interventions; 2.Development of eResources and knowledge exchange platforms; 3.Initiation of Peer Exchange and Twinning Programs; 4.Outreach -- regional meetings and contribution to major international events
130.3+ km of DART corridors 18 terminals 228 sta;ons

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Phase 2: 19.3 km Phase 3: 23.6 km Phase 4: 16.1 km Phase 5: 22.8 km Phase 6: 27.6 km

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Dar es Salaam Area Rapid Transport (DART) SOUTH-SOUTH COLLABORATION, 7 November 2012, ADB Transport Forum 2012

RAPID ASSESSMENT TOOL FOR URBAN MOBILITY IN CITIES WITH DATA SCARCITY
Innovative Decision Support Tool for: Evaluating the current state of Urban Mobility in Developing Country Cities, including urban planning, transport infrastructure, assessment of area allocated to streets, etc. Concentrating on the movement of people and goods, incorporating the broad concept of accessibility, i.e. access to services, goods and contacts. Identifying and prioritizing short, medium and long term interventions on sustainable urban transport that offer the greatest quick win potential. Assessing proportion of street and public space in cities- very low in Africa
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3. Providing a Platform for South-South learning

UN-Habitat Governing Council: Every two years; 55 member countries; High-level events and dialogue; Exchange of experiences at the policy level; World Urban Forum: Every two years; dialogue with governments and non-state actors ( Habitat Agenda Partners); Habitat III in 2016: Run-up being planned with a view to encouraging South-South dialogue and sharing of experiences: We invite your suggestions; Collaboration with Regional and other Groupings: UN-Habitat works with UNACLA and range of groupings e.g APAMCHUD; AMCHUD, African Union, ECA and ESCAP for sharing experiences and mainstreaming urban mobility in National Policies; City-City collaboration : Sustainable City Programme,
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3. Providing a Platform for South-South learning : The Genus Projects

GENUS - GLOBAL ENERGY NETWORK FOR THE URBAN SETTLEMENTS
Dynamic partnership of multiple institutions and stakeholders (public and private sectors, governmental and nongovernmental organizations, grass-roots groups, national and international development agencies, etc.) working in the urban energy and mobility sector. Seek to encourage the design and implementation of energy-access programs and projects for the urban poor worldwide. MOBILITY ARM

Gather knowledge on affordable mobility solutions such as bicycling, walking and low-cost public transport to reduce travel costs and consumption of energy to improve mobility for the urban poor. Themes: Urban legislation and regulation Urban Planning Urban Design Mass rapid transit
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4. GLOBAL REPORT ON HUMAN SETTLEMENTS (GRHS)

Mandate of UN-Habitat to periodically prepare GRHS Acts as a vehicle for monitoring and reporting on human settlement conditions and trends Ninth issue (2013) will focus on Planning and Design or Urban Mobility Objective is to review current conditions and trends in urban mobility globally

GRHS & South-South

Justification of GRHS ninth issue theme relates to challenges of urbanization, massive growth in urban service demand, increasing sprawl and climate change. GRHS provides a benchmark of global conditions and a scientific basis on which to inform policy, share knowledge and learn from global experiences
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Conclusions
South-South Collaboration is an effective way of sharing and learning from experiences in a Comparable Context; Targeting policy makers is key to change the current unsustainable paradigm but experience from real improvements also important for ownership and confidence building; Build on City-City Experiences Along with Experience Sharing focus also on policy dialogue at the country-to-country level, as well as endogenous funding sources..

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