POLYTECHNIC PORT DICKSON

MECHANICAL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT

E4161

Computer System & Application

NAME Mohammad Taufiq b. Mazlan Mohd Faqihuddin b. Shaharuzzaman

MATRIC NUMBER 06DEM09F1108 06DEM09F1109

CLASS:DEM6S3 LECTURER: PUAN SAMSINOR BINTI KAMARUDIN

CONTENT
NO. 1 2 3 4 5 8 9 10 TOPICS HISTORY OF MICROSOFT MICROSOFT WINDOWS XP ADVANTAGES & DISADVANTAGES OF MICROSOFT WINDOWS XP MICROSOFT WINDOWS SERVER 2003 ADVANTAGES & DISADVANTAGES OF MICROSOFT WINDOWS SERVER 2003 QUESTION CONCLUSION REFERENCES PAGE

History Of Windows

Diagram 1.1 : Windows Logo

In 1983, Microsoft announced the development of Windows, a graphical user interface (GUI) for its own operating system (MS-DOS), which had shipped for IBM PC and compatible computers since 1981. The product line has changed from a GUI product to a modern operating system over two families of design, each with its own codebase and default file system. The 3.x and 4.x family includes Windows 3.11, Windows 95, Windows 98, and Windows Me. Windows for Workgroups 3.11 achieved the breakthrough from 16- to 32-bit networking and 32-bit disk access. Windows 95 completed the migration to 32-bit code and started an entirely new user interface, most of which is still used today. Windows NT family started with Windows NT 3.1 in 1993. Modern Windows operating system versions are based on the newer Windows NT kernel that was originally intended for OS/2. Windows runs on IA-32, x86-64, and Itanium processors. Microsoft is also working to bring Windows NT onto ARM in the next release of Windows.[1] Earlier versions also ran on the i860, Alpha, MIPS, Fairchild Clipper, and PowerPC architectures. Some work was done to port it to the SPARC architecture. The NT kernel borrows many techniques from VMS. With Windows NT 4.0 in 1996, the shell changed from Program Manager to Explorer.

Time Line of Microsoft Developing Operating System

Windows 1.0 and Windows 2.0 released on November
1985

Windows 3.0, released in 1990

OS/2 released on November 1980 Windows 3.1 and NT 3.x released in 1992 Windows 95 release in August 1995 Windows 98 released on June 1998 Windows ME released on February 2000 Windows XP released on February 2001 Windows Server 2003 released on April 2003 Windows Vista released on November 2006 Windows Server 2008 released on February 2008 Windows 7 released on July 2009

MICROSOFT WINDOWS XP

Diagram 2.1:Windows XP Logo

Windows XP is an operating system produced by Microsoft for use on personal computers, including home and business desktops, laptops and media centers. First released to computer manufacturers on August 24, 2001,it is the second most popular version of Windows, based on installed user base.The name "XP" is short for "eXPerience." Windows XP, the successor to Windows 2000 and Windows Me, was the first consumeroriented operating system produced by Microsoft to be built on the Windows NT kernel. Windows XP was released worldwide for retail sale on October 25, 2001, and over 400 million copies were in use in January 2006. Direct OEM and retail sales of Windows XP ceased on June 30, 2008. Microsoft continued to sell Windows XP through their System Builders (smaller OEMs who sell assembled computers) program until January 31, 2009. The NT-based versions of Windows, which are programmed in C++, and assembly, are known for their improved stability and efficiency over the 9x versions of Microsoft Windows.Windows XP presented a significantly redesigned graphical user interface, a change Microsoft promoted as more user-friendly than previous versions of Windows. A new software management facility called Side-by-Side Assembly was introduced to ameliorate the "DLL hell" that plagues 9x versions of Windows.It is also the first version of Windows to use product activation to combat illegal copying.

Diagram 2.2: representing the main editions of Windows XP. It is based on the category of the edition (grey) and codebase (black arrow).

User Interface of Windows XP

Diagram 2.3: User Interface of Windows XP Windows XP featured a new task-based GUI (Graphical user interface). The Start menu and Taskbar were updated and many visual effects were added, including:

A translucent blue selection rectangle in Windows Explorer Drop shadows for icon labels on the desktop Task-based sidebars in Explorer windows ("common tasks") The ability to group the taskbar buttons of the windows of one application into one button The ability to lock the taskbar and other toolbars to prevent accidental changes The highlighting of recently added programs on the Start menu Shadows under menus (Windows 2000 had shadows under mouse pointers, but not menus)

Diagram 2.4: Windows XP start menu Windows XP analyzes the performance impact of visual effects and uses this to determine whether to enable them, so as to prevent the new functionality from consuming excessive additional processing overhead. Users can further customize these settings. Some effects, such as alpha compositing (transparency and fading), are handled entirely by many newer video cards. However, if the video card is not capable of hardware alpha blending, performance can be substantially degraded, and Microsoft recommends the feature should be turned off manually Windows XP added the ability for Windows to use "Visual Styles" to change the appearance of the user interface. However, visual styles must be cryptographically signed by Microsoft to run. Luna is the name of the new visual style that ships with Windows XP, and is enabled by default for machines with more than 64 MB of RAM. Luna refers only to one particular visual style, not to all of the new user interface features of Windows XP as a whole. Some users "patch" the uxtheme.dll file that restricts the ability to use visual styles, created by the general public or the user, on Windows XP.

System requirements for Windows XP

Minimum Processor Memory Video adapter and monitor Hard drive disk

Recommended

Optical drive Input devices Sound

233 MHz At least 300 MHz Memory 64 MB of RAM At least 128 MB of RAM Super VGA (800 x 600) or higher resolution free space 1.5 GB or higher (additional 1.8 GB for Service Pack 2 and additional 900 MB for Service Pack 3 CD-ROM drive (Only to install from CD-ROM media) Keyboard, Microsoft Mouse or a compatible pointing device Sound card, Speakers or headphones

Windows XP has divided into some sucessfully version that is:

Windows XP Professional Windows XP Home Edition Windows XP Media Center Edition Windows XP Tablet PC Edition Windows XP Starter Edition

Physical memory limits for Windows XP versions

Version
Windows XP Professional Limit in 32-bit Windows Limit in 64-bit Windows

128 GB 4 GB

Windows XP Home Edition Windows XP Media Center Edition Windows XP Tablet PC Edition Windows XP Starter Edition

N/A

512 MB

Diagram 2.5 and 2.6: Windows Security Center & Add or Remove Program

Diagram 2.7: Window XP Professionals User Interface

ADVANTAGES & DISADVANTAGES OF MICROSOFT WINDOWS XP Advantages

Downloads The main benefits of Microsoft's XP Service Pack 2 focus on enhanced security, especially in regard to the Internet. Windows XP Service Pack 2 helps alert users to potential threats when browsing the Internet before they affect your computer. One such enhancement is in downloads. Prior to downloading an attachment, you will now be alerted to unsafe attachments that might contain harmful viruses; this is specifically applicable to those using Internet Explorer, Windows messenger and Outlook Express. Privacy Other beneficial security features include enhanced privacy. Nowadays, people have almost all of their personal information on the web and their personal computers. An update that Service Pack 2 makes to Windows XP is in the form of increased security when storing user's private information. It will help to keep your information safe and private, ensuring that although you're hooked up to the Internet, no one will be able to steal any personal information. This becomes especially relevant when you receive a virus, which can cause your computer to lose key, sensitive data. Pop-up Blockers As Windows XP did not perform an excellent job at catching pop-ups while browsing the Internet, Service Pack 2 addresses this issue. It helps to reduce the amount of pop-ups with specially designed pop-up blockers. Extras Other benefits include protecting your email address more securely, especially through Microsoft Outlook, which helps to avoid spammers getting your email address. You will now also easily be able to have Internet Explorer add-ons without the chance of a browser crash, as well as an easier method to pick up wireless Internet signals. Disadvantages With every service pack there are relatively few disadvantages. The major disadvantage is the size of the service pack, which can sometimes be quite large. If you are running low on space or have a low amount of memory, then installing major service packs might potentially cause your computer to slow down. Another potential disadvantage to Service Pack 2 is that its enhanced security options require more passwords and security warnings on your part, which can become a nuisance. Also, if you operate many types of programs, Service Pack 2 can have incompatibility issues with some programs. Although rare, this can present a problem for many computer users.

MICROSOFT WINDOWS SERVER 2003

Diagram 3.1: Microsoft Windows Server 2003 Logo

Windows Server 2003 (sometimes referred to as Win2K3) is a server operating system produced by Microsoft, introduced on 24 April 2003. An updated version, Windows Server 2003 R2, was released to manufacturing on 6 December 2005. Its successor, Windows Server 2008, was released on 4 February 2008.According to Microsoft, Windows Server 2003 is more scalable and delivers better performance than its predecessor, Windows 2000.

New and updated features

Internet Information Services (IIS) v6.0 - A significantly improved version of IIS. Increased default security over previous versions, due to the built-in firewall and having most services disabled by default. Significant improvements to Message Queuing. Manage Your Server - a role management administrative tool that allows an administrator to choose what functionality the server should provide. Improvements to Active Directory, such as the ability to deactivate classes from the schema, or to run multiple instances of the directory server (ADAM) Improvements to Group Policy handling and administration Provides a backup system to restore lost files Improved disk management, including the ability to back up from shadows of files, allowing the backup of open files. Improved scripting and command line tools , which are part of Microsoft's initiative to bring a complete command shell to the next version of Windows. Support for a hardware-based "watchdog timer", which can restart the server if the operating system does not respond within a certain amount of time.

Diagram 3.2 :Server Manager System

Diagram 3.3 :User Interface of Windows Server 2003

Minimum Requirements of Server 2003

Express Edition Number of physical CPUs 32-bit and 64-bit versions available Numbers of disk drives NICs(Network Internal Card) Print service (Clients Access Licence)CALs required iSCSI target support Clustering 1 Yes Workgroup Edition Standard Edition 1-4 Enterprise Edition 1-64

2 1 No

4 2 Yes No

Unlimited Unlimited

Optional No Yes

Table of Editions
Number of physical CPUs maximum RAM available Standard 1-4 4GB (x86) 32GB (x86_64) Enterprise 1-8 64GB (x86) 1TB (x86_64) Datacenter Webs 8-64 2 2GB

Diagram 3.4:Active Directory on a Windows Server 2003 Network

ADVANTAGES & DISADVANTAGES OF MICROSOFT WINDOWS SERVER 2003

Microsoft Windows Server 2003 is a follow-up to the very successful Windows 2000 Server, a server operating system designed for businesses to better streamline their computer interactivity and databases to make day-to-day operations more efficient. Windows Server 2003 was considered to be a marked improvement over the 2000 version, with added features and an even simpler interface. As with any program, it has its advantages and disadvantages.

Advantage Abundance of Features:Windows Server 2003 added an abundance of features

over the previous Windows 2000 version, including a Volume Shadow copy service. If an administrator activates this feature on a drive, the system will periodically take "snapshots" of all the files on that drive. This enables deleted files to be recovered easier and can enable the option of recovering an older version of a file if some data got lost. In Setup mode, it also offers a "Quick Format" option where you can format a specific partition of a drive instead of having to do the entire drive at once, which saves a significant amount of time.

Versions Designed to Fit Needs:Windows released a variety of different

versions of Windows Server 2003 in order to accommodate different types and sizes of business. The Web Edition is designed to almost solely design and manage company websites as well as provide the server for them. Standard Edition was designed for small to medium businesses with the basic package of business applications and media services included, along with the web package. Datacenter Edition was designed for larger businesses with larger amounts of computer networking requirements. The advantage is you don't have waste money on a package that you don't need and then scale it back to fit your needs. Instead you can purchase the one that best fits your business and is already custom-designed for your type of business.

Disadvantage Cost:While Windows Server 2003 may be competitive in pricing to other programs of its kind, even the most basic edition costs around $1000 and the upper-tier editions are around $4000 with additional licenses and features available for extra cost. If you have a small business that doesn't require the type of database software and networking features that Server provides, it is probably not worth the investment. Outdated: Another disadvantage to Windows Server 2003 is that is was already made
obsolete by Windows Server 2008 and then Windows Server 2008 R2. Any upgrades to the Server systems will be made off of those versions and not the 2003 option. The 2008 version features enhanced security features that make it more attractive for many businesses in the wake of ever-evolving threats such as viruses and malware infestation. There are also a number of new features and programs included.

QUESTION
1. Which is the best Operating System to use at home?

(a) Multi Programming System=Windows,Mac,Linux (b) Time Sharing System= LynxOS,Windows CE (c) Distributed System= Windows Server 2003,Ubuntu,Linux(apache server)

Operating System that are many types and example that are use for a different task its depend on the requirement of the user.The best operating system that to use at home is Multi Programming Operating System.It is because Multi Programming can do many jobs at once at a
time. For example,at home we can surfing internet while we also can hear song and download any of the document without any problems.Moreover, it can also many program into memory simultaneously and will divide the central processor time to process each such program without minimum error depends on the specification of the computer. Multi Programming System also use the processor achieve to 100% capacity of the program and the processor is use fully-capacity.

CONCLUSION
The operating system is the heart of any computer system. It controls input/output, peripherals, and provides the platform on which all applications and processes run. Operating systems form the basis for the security of systems, and are the interface between the user and the computer. Today, most operating systems use graphic user interfaces (GUIs) for that interface, and seamlessly manage multiple processes simultaneously. This research considers some operating systems that are commonly used on the Internet, and evaluates their suitability to that purpose.

REFERENCES http://www.lotsofessays.com/viewpaper/200 0656.html http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Windows_XP http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Windows_Serv er_2003 www.ehow.com www.images.google.com.my