FIRST PART

1. Prove that the trinomial

2
, 1 ax bx c a + + > is factorable if and only if
2
4 b ac is a perfect
square.
Proof:
Case 1.
Assume that the trinomial
2
, 1 ax bx c a + + > is factorable.
Hence,

2
( )( ) ax bx c px q rx s + + = + + where , , , p q r s Q e

2
( ) prx ps qr x qs = + + +
so that , a pr b ps qr = = + andc qs = .
Now,

2 2
4 ( ) 4( )( ) b ac ps qr pr qs = +

2 2
2 2
2 2
2
[( ) 2 ( ) ] 4( )( )
( ) 2 ( ) 4
( ) 2 ( )
( ) .
ps psqr qr pr qs
ps psqr qr psqr
ps psqr qr
ps qr
= + +
= + +
= +
=

Thus,
2
4 b ac is a perfect square.
Case 2.
Assume that
2
4 b ac is a perfect square.
Thus,
2 2
4 b ac d = for some d Q e implies that
2 2
4 . b d ac =
Now,

2 2
b c
ax bx c a x x
a a
| |
+ + = + +
|
\ .


2 2
2
2
2 2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2 2
4 4
4
4 4
4
2 4
2 4
2 2
b b b
a x x c
a a a
b b ac b
a x x
a a a
b b ac
a x
a a
b d
a x
a a
b d
a x
a a
| |
= + + +
|
\ .
| |
= + + +
|
\ .

| |
= +

|
\ .



| |
= +

|
\ .



| | | |
= +

| |
\ . \ .



Then
2
2 2
b d b d
ax bx c a x x
a a
+ | || |
+ + = + +
| |
\ .\ .
.
Since , , a b d Q e it follows that , .
2 2
b d b d
Q
a a
+
e
Therefore,
2
, 1 ax bx c a + + > is factorable.
2. Factoring
a.
( ) ( )
2 2
2 3 3 4 (2 3 (3 4 ))(2 3 (3 4 )) x a x a x a x a x a x a + = + + +
(5 )( 7 ) x a x a = +
b.
( )
5 5 4 3 2 2 3 4
( ) x y x y x x y x y xy y = + + + +
c.
( ) ( )
3
3
6 2
64 4 x x + = +

( )( )
2 4 2
4 4 16 x x x = + +
d.
( ) ( )
2 2
4 4 2 2
64 8 x y x y + = +

( ) ( )
( ) ( )
( ) ( )
( )( )
2 2
2 2 2 2 2 2
2 2
2 2 2 2 2 2
2
2
2 2
2 2 2 2
8 16 16
8 2(8) 16
8 4
8 4 8 4
x y x y x y
x x y y x y
x y xy
x y xy x y xy
= + +
= + +
= +
= + + +

e.
( )( )( )( ) ( )( )( )( ) 1 3 5 7 15 1 7 3 5 15 x x x x x x x x + + + + + = + + + + +

( )( )
2 2
8 7 8 15 15 x x x x = + + + + +

( )( ) 7 15 15 y y = + + + by representing
2
8 y x x = +

( )
( ) ( )
( )( )
( )( )( )
2
2
2 2
2
22 105 15
22 120
10 12
8 10 8 12
8 10 6 2
y y
y y
y y
x x x x
x x x x
= + + +
= + +
= + +
= + + + +
= + + + +





SECOND PART
1.
( )( ) ( )( ) ( )( )
( ) ( ) ( )
( )( )( )
1 1 1
0
c a a b b c
a b b c b c c a c a a b a b b c c a
+ +
+ + = =


2.
( )( ) ( )( ) ( ) ( )
2 2 2
2 1 3 2 3 2 1 3 2 3
2 6 6 12 3 10 8 2 3 2 3 4 2 3 3 4 2
a a a a a a
a a a a a a a a a a a a
+ +
+ + = + +
+ + + +


( )( ) ( )( ) ( )( )
( )( )( )
( ) ( ) ( )
( )( )( )
( )( )( )
2 2 2
2
2 1 3 4 3 2 2 3 2 3
2 3 2 3 4
6 11 4 6 4 9
2 3 2 3 4
11 10 11
2 3 2 3 4
a a a a a a
a a a
a a a a a
a a a
a a
a a a
+ + + +
=
+
+ + + +
=
+

=
+

3.
( )( )
( )( )
( )( )
( )( )
2 2
2 2
2 7 2 2 5 2
2 3 14 2 10
2 3 5 2 5 7 2 5 1 2 7 1
a a a a
a a a a
a a a a a a a a
+ +

=
+ +


( )
( )
( )
( )
2
2
2
2
1
2
1
a
a
a
a
+
=
+
+
=

+


4.
( ) ( )
( )
( )( )
( )
2 2 2 2
3 3 3 2 2 3
3 3 2 2
3 6 9 3 6 9
3 3
a a a a a a
a a a a
a a a a a a
a a

+ + +
+ +
=

+ + + +
+




( ) ( )
( ) ( )
( )( )
( ) ( )
2 2
2 2
2 2
2 2
2 2
2 2
3 9 3 2 5 6
3 3
3 12 2 4 6
3 3
3 12 2 4 6
3 3
a a a a a a
a a
a a a a
a a
a a a a
a a

+ +
=
+



+ +
=
+


+ +
=
+

5.
2
4 4
2 2
4 4 4 4
1
a a
a a a
+
+ =

( )
( )
( )
( )
2
4
2
2
4
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
a
a
a
a
a
a
a
a
a a
a a
a a
a
a a
a

=
| |
=
|
\ .

6.








7.
2 3 5 7 4
2 6 4
3 2
3 12 36
6
6
a b a b a b
a a b
a b a
=
=
=

where
0, 0, 0 x y x y x > + > >



( )
( )
2 2
2 2 2 2
2 2 2
2 2 2 2 2 2
2 2 2 2 2 2
2 2
2 2
2 2
2 2
2 2
( ) ( )
2
x y x y x y x y x y x y x x
x y x y x y x y x y x y x y x y
x y x y x
x y x y x y
x y x y x
x y x y x y
x y x y x
x y
x y x y x x y
x y
x y x y
x y
+ + +
+ = +
+ + +
+
= +

+
= +

+ +
=

+ +
=

8.











9.

3 2 2
3 3
3 3 3 2 2 3 3 3 3
2 2 4 2 2
2 2
2 4
x xy y
x y x y
x xy y
+ +
=

+ +


3 2 2
3 3
2 4 2 8
8
x xy y
x y
+ +
=

10.
3
3
3 3 3 2 2 2 2 3 3 3 3 3
2
2
2 4 2 4
x y x x
x y
x xy y x xy y
+
=
+
+ +



3
3
6 5
3
2
2
2
2
x x x y
x y
x x y
x y
+
=
+
+
=
+

( )
( ) ( )
( )
( )
2 2 2
2 2 2
2 2
2
2
2
2 2
2
2 2
2
1 3
1 3 1 3 1 3
1 3
1 3
1 3
1 3
1 3
4
a a a a
a a a a a a
a a a
a a
a a a
a a
a a a
a a
+ +
=
+ + + +
+ +
=
+
+ +
=

+ +
=