References:

Coduto, D.P. (1994): Foundation design: principles and

practices
Day, R.W. (2010): Foundation engineering handbook
Hardiyatmo, H.C. (2011): Analisis dan Perancangan
Fondasi, Bagian II
Teng , Wayne C. (1992): Foundation Design
Tomlinson, M.J. (2001): Foundation design and
construction
Deep Foundation
Topics (from SAP):
Kapasitas dukung tiang terhadap gaya lateral
dalam tanah kohesif
a. Ujung tiang bebas (tiang pendek dan tiang panjang)
b. Ujung tiang terjepit (tiang pendek dan tiang panjang)
Defleksi tiang
a. Ujung tiang bebas (tiang pendek dan tiang panjang)
b. Ujung tiang terjepit (tiang pendek dan tiang panjang)
Analisis stabilitas fondasi tiang
a. Beban tiang
b. Kapasitas dukung tiang
c. Jumlah tiang
d. Susunan tiang
e. Kontrol
Turap
a. Pengertian
b. Tipe struktur turap
c. Tipe turap dari segi bahan
Perancangan turap jenis kantilever
a. Gaya-gaya yang bekerja
b. Panjang turap yang dipancang
c. Dimensi turap dan pemilihan profil turap
Perancangan turap dengan angkur
a. Letak tumpuan angkur
b. Dimensi batang angkur
c. Konstruksi angkur
Fondasi caisson
a. Pengertian dan jenis fondasi caisson
b. Bentuk tampang fondasi sumuran
c. Analisis fondasi sumuran
a. Cohesive Soil
Free head, short rigid pile (L/d s 12)
d : pile diameter/pile width
Free head:
or
with
Soil resistance distribution ~ 1,50d = 0, then becomes constant =
9.c
u
(where c
u
: unconsolidated shear strength)
Ultimate Pile Resistance to Horizontal Loading
) 5 , 0 5 , 1 (
max
f d e H M
U
+ + =
u
c g d M =
2
max
25 , 2
d c
H
f
u
U

=
9
f d L g = 5 , 1
Deflection Soil reaction
a. Cohesive soil
Free head, long rigid pile (L/d > 12)
Apply the same formula as short
rigid pile:
with
(Brom, 1964)
u
c g d M =
2
max
25 , 2
d c
H
f
u
U

=
9
f d L g = 5 , 1
Ultimate Pile Resistance to Horizontal Loading
Deflection Soil reaction
a. Cohesive soil
Fixed head, short rigid pile (L/d s 12)
with
) 75 , 0 5 , 0 (
max
d L H M
U
+ =
( ) d L d c H
u U
5 , 1 9 =
Ultimate Pile Resistance to Horizontal Loading
Deflection Soil reaction Moment Diagram
a. Cohesive soil
Fixed head, long rigid pile (L/d > 12)
M
y
: yield moment
f d
M
H
y
U
5 , 0 5 , 1
. 2
+
=
d c
H
f
u
U

=
9
Ultimate Pile Resistance to Horizontal Loading
Deflection Soil reaction Moment Diagram
b. Cohesionless soil
Free head, short rigid pile (L/d s 12)
0 M =

L e
K L d
H
p
U
+

=
3
5 , 0
Ultimate Pile Resistance to Horizontal Loading
Deflection Soil reaction Moment Diagram
b. Cohesionless soil
Free head, long rigid pile (L/d > 12)
Or:
)
3
2
(
max
f e H M
U
+ =
2
2
3
f K d H
p U
=

+
=
p
U
U
K d
H
e
M
H
54 , 0
max
Ultimate Pile Resistance to Horizontal Loading
Deflection Soil reaction Moment Diagram
b. Cohesionless soil
Fixed head, short rigid pile (L/d s 12)
Or
d K L H
p U
=
2
2
3

L H M
U
=
3
2
max
p
K d L M =
3
max

= 0
H
F
Ultimate Pile Resistance to Horizontal Loading
Deflection Soil reaction Moment
Diagram
b. Cohesionless soil
Fixed head, long rigid pile (L/d > 12)
Or
M
y
: yield moment
)
3
2
( 2 f e H M
U y
+ =

+
=
p
U
y
U
K d
H
e
M
H
54 , 0
2
Ultimate Pile Resistance to Horizontal Loading
Deflection Soil reaction
Moment
Diagram
Example:
A reinforced concrete pile foundation with the sectional size of 35
cmx 35 cm, length = 15 m.
The pile head fixed in the pile cap, exactly on the ground surface.
Soil characteristic: sandy soil with m =30
o
and =17 kN/m
3
.
The ultimate yield moment of the pile structure M
yield
= 60 kNm.
Calculate the allowable lateral load of the pile.
Solusion:
Fix head, long rigid pile
Pile head on the ground surface e = 0
Soil characteristic (m =30
o
, =17 kN/m
3
) sand (cohesionless)
e = 0
0,0163. H
U
3
= 14400
H
U
= 95,95 kN (SF =3) H
a
= 31,98 kN
12 8 , 42
35 , 0
15
> = =
d
L

+
=
p
U
y
U
K d
H
e
M
H
54 , 0
2
3
2
45 tan
2
=
|
.
|

\
|
+ =
m
p
K
60 2
17 3 35 , 0
54 , 0 =

U
U
H
H
LATERALLY LOADED PILES
(Practical Foundation Engineering Handbook (Robert Brown)
Piles are slender vertical members that have only limited
capability to resist nonvertical loads. Therefore batter piles are
used to resist large inclined or horizontal loads when acting on a
structure.
Beresantsev et al. (1961) suggested the following practice to
transmit inclined loads in terms of the angle o, where o is the
angle of the force to be transmitted with the vertical
Recommended practice to transmit inclined loads to soil mass
Brooms (1965) presented charts that give the limit lateral load
to act on a vertical pile versus the ratio of the pile embedment
length to its diameter.
These diagrams, applied to short piles and long piles for
cohesive and cohesionless soils.
Short piles rigid piles where the lateral capacity is
dependent mainly on the soil resistance.
Long piles lateral capacity is primarily dependent on the
yield moment of the pile itself.
In these figures the dashed lines represent the case of a fixed
pile head, whereas the full lines indicate different e/l ratios,
where e is the height of the line of action of the force P above
ground surface and l is the length of pile in the ground.
FIGURE 4C.16 Ultimate lateral resistance of long piles.
(a) Cohesive soils. (b) Cohesionless soils. (From Brooms, 1965.)
FIGURE 4C.16 Ultimate lateral resistance of long piles.
(a) Cohesive soils. (b) Cohesionless soils. (From Brooms, 1965.)