Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Contents
Introduction to the Diakonie Project 07
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Linkages Development
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Acronym
CBDRM Community Based Disaster Risk Management CMDRM Community Mobilization for Disaster Risk Management CO DDMA DMC DP DRC ERRA GAD HRA HRD IRM MEDP MER NDMA NDMC NDMF NRM NRSP PCM PDMA PITD RC SM SSMP UPAP Community Organization District Disaster Management Authority Disaster Management Committee Disaster Preparedness Deputy Relief Commissioner Earthquake Reconstruction and Rehabilitation Authority Gender and Development High Risk Areas Human Resource Management Institute of Rural Management Microfinance Enterprise Development Programme Monitoring, Evaluation & Research National Disaster Management Authority National Disaster Management Commission National Disaster Management Framework Natural Resource Management National Rural Support Programme Project Cycle Management Provincial Disaster Management Authority Physical Infrastructure & Technology Development Relief Commissioner Social Mobilization Small Scale Mitigation Project Urban Poverty Alleviation Programme
Training Title:
Community Management Skills Training (For Disaster Affected Areas)
Methodology of Training
This training is based on the principles of participatory approach. Group work and mental exercises will be the methodology of the training. The participants will be facilitated to share their experiences, information and knowledge and their thinking and innovative skills would be exploited. To refresh participants learning, for about half an hours the proceedings of previous day will be repeated in the morning. Any ambiguity will be explained and the participants will fill evaluation form at the end of the training.
Day two
Disasters and its types Communication Skills During and After Disasters Gender and Children related problems & solution in disaster Introduction to Disaster Management Committee 2 hours 1:30 hours 1:30 hours 1 hour
Day three
Planning and Project Cycle Management Linkages Development Motivation Skills & activists 2 hours 1:30 hour 2 hours
Session Contents:
Basic information about the project General and specific objectives of the project Expected results of the project
Expected Results:
At the end of the session the training participants would be able to know about the basic objectives of the project in detail, its general objectives, and project expected results.
Target Beneficiaries:
Expected Results/Outputs:
1) Community meetings on hazards and DP/DRR by SMTs at rural and town level
2) Building managerial capacity of 160 COs through CMST training to 320 COs members 3) Nomination and selection of DMC members 4) Establishment of DMCs 5) ToT on first aid by Pakistan Red Crescent Society to 10 project trainers 6) ToT from FOCUS to NRSP project staff on CBDRM 7) ToT from NRSP master trainers to 488 DMC members 8) Distribution of emergency response kits to DMCs 9) Training of 1,525 community volunteers by DMC trainers 10) Conducting of simulation exercises in village and towns 11) Preparation of disaster management database in the target areas (to be hand over to tehsil and district level authorities on project completion 12) Conducting of baseline survey on community awareness and attitude on DP/DRR 13) Development of training module for community needs 14) Development of training schedule for school sessions 15) Conducting of sessions in community 16) Conducing of sessions in schools through puppet shows 17) Collecting of post training data 18) Identification of major hazard prone areas 19) Organization of project inception workshop 20) Identification of relevant authorities and focal persons at tehsil level 21) Preparation of materials for workshop at tehsil level 22) Exposure visits for demonstration of small scale mitigation project in target villages 23) Invitation of local media personal to project sites to produce local news 24) Handover of disaster management database and map of hazard-prone spots in the target area to related stakeholders at tehsil and district level 25) Organizing of press conference at project opening on International Disaster Day. 26) Production of education film as training material 27) Production of project publication as case study
Module 2 Background of NRSP, its Philosophy and Working Methodology (Participatory Development)
Objectives:
After this training Participants will be able to know Historical background of NRSP NRSP mission/goal NRSP Working Methodology Basic Principles of Participatory Development Developmental Process Participatory Development in Disasters Perspective
Contents:
NRSP Background, its Mission and Working Methodology Development and Its Tools Participatory Development and Participatory Development Perspective
in
Disasters
Expected Results:
At the end of this session participants will be able to know about NRSP background, its mission, and working methodology. Furthermore, they would also know about principles of rural development, and participatory development in disaster perspective
Historical Background of NRSP, its Philosophy and Working Methodology (Participatory Development)
Background Participation of community at local level plays a key role in sustainable development and implementation is done by community itself. In early eighties, successful community development experiences in the form of Organgi Pilot Project (OPP) and Aga Khan Rural Support Programme (AKRSP) were recognized worldwide. In the start of 1990s, the Government of Pakistan felt it intensively that the benefit of macro-level development can not be reached at grassroots level. Therefore a need for a mechanism was searched through which the rural community can improve their quality of life and ensure community participation in development activities. Therefore a public limited company named National Rural Support Programme (NRSP) was founded in 1991. Government delegated the responsibility of support in organizing rural community to NRSP. Initially work started in eight districts. These districts were; Turbat, Badin, Mir Pur Khas, Rawalakot, Rawalpindi, Attock, Khushab and Chakwal. NRSP outreach was increase to 20 districts. The new districts included Bhakkar, Mardan, Swabi, Bahawalpur, Sialkot, D.G.Khan, Bahawalnagar, Rahim Yar Khan, Vehari,etc. Now NRSP is working in forty nine districts in four provinces of Pakistan and Azad Jammu and Kashmir. Furthermore, NRSP has also started Urban Poverty Alleviation Programme (UPAP) in Islamabad, Rawalpindi, Lahore, Fasialabad, Multan, Karachi, Gujarawala, Sargodha, Sialkot and Jhang slum areas. NRSP Objective To foster country wide network of grassroots organizations to enable rural men and women to plan, implement, and manage developmental activities and programmes for the purpose of ensuring productive employment, poverty alleviation and improvement in quality of life. Strategy To get development objective, NRSP support rural communities to organize in the form of rural development organizations. Provision of support in utilization of local resources and provision of credit and inducing the habit of saving for social and economic development. Trainings and capacity building on market surveys/market need identification for enterprise development and agricultural development Provision of support in managerial, entrepreneurial and technical skills Ensuring community access to social sector services Provision of information and guidance for linkages building with other development agencies/government departments. Therefore NRSP Help rural communities organize so that they can improve their life Enhance their skills so they can better utilize local resources Income generation through credit and saving
Therefore there is need for a transparent system at local level whereas all staff members, local activists and CO members are accountable to one another so that participation of all community members is ensured and all decision are taken with mutual consensus and foundation of local management is laid down. So that Increase in production of irrigated land, irrigated products, livestock, and decrease in damages due to different diseases Micro-enterprise developed and promoted Positive and optimum utilization of local resources by harnessing development potential As much as possible, reduce dependency on outside resources and take the way forward for self sufficiency Principals of Rural Development Social organization Skill enhancement Income generation/saving Organizing the Local Community In developing countries, individuals face almost the same problems. They dont have control over their resources. Their destiny is determined by powerful. The dont have even the knowledge of their resources and development potentials. The also dont have the organization and unity. But the CO provide them a plateform where they analysis their problems and ways out. As all problems can not be solved simultaneously therefore they determine their priorities and decide what problem should be targeted at first instance, followed by another and so on. While prioritization of the problems, the following things are cared about; Benefit to the maximum number of community members The benefit must be comparatively in greater magnitude It should take less time to solve This required lesser inputs (financial and human) It greatly contribute in reducing the damages It is difficult to solve the problems individually. But it is easy to solve the problem with collective efforts. Once community is organized, the difference between needs and wishes. On this way, the community members may not have control over the resources but collective they are affective in tapping it. Those obscure ways which were never though about become visible which lead to development on sustainable basis. For collective development, it is very important to struggle collectively for which community organization is formed at local level.
Development Approach
1. 2. 3. 4. Traditional Approach Representative Approach Participatory Approach
Traditional Approach
It is the form of approach adopted by government and its department in Pakistan. According to this approach, to problem identification, planning and implementation is done by the government. Government also provides funds for implementation and completion of the projects. The local community has little to offer.
Representative Approach
According to this approach, projects are identified by the public representatives union, and provincial and national assemblies. Implementation is done only through different government agencies.
Participatory Approach
According to this approach the concerned community is involved in all stages of development intervention, from start to end. They plan for resolution of individual and collective problems and support one another. There is division of responsibilities yet they tap the local resources of individual and collective good. Analysis of local resources, planning for developmental initiative and implementation is done by the community itself and the community members struggle for the improvement in the quality of life. There are three basic principals of participatory approach: Self help Self Responsibility, and Self management It is important for acting upon these principals that the community is organized in the form of community organization and there is strong coordination and its meetings are conducted at regular intervals. Organization meetings are in fact a responsible act on the part of community members which is done to fulfill collective needs. The structure to perform these functions is comprises of:
In this approach, local resources, both human and material, are most trusted on and ways and means are found out for maximization and maximum exploitation of these resources.
Contents:
NRSPs response to disasters and its developmental activities Different sectors of NRSP Human Resource Development ( Institute of Rural Management) Environment and National Resource Management Physical Infrastructure and Technology Development Urban Poverty Alleviation Programme Gender and Development Micro Finance and Enterprise Development Social Mobilization Monitoring, Evaluation and Research Finance and Administration
Expected Results:
After this session the participants would be able to know about all sectors of NRSP and their response to disasters.
poor soil quality. Home based enterprises requiring natural resources must be abandoned when these resources are no longer available or affordable. Similarly, poverty has negative environmental affects when the poor must resort to unsustainable practices- cutting down trees and polluting water supplies, for example, in order to survive. Whatever its cause, environmental degradation affect the poor and vulnerable first, because they have fewer social or economic resources with which they meet their needs and little to fall back on in times of scarcity. In many areas environmental degradation has created a new class of poor people, those whose resource-based livelihood have been severely damaged.
To improve the quality of life of disadvantaged and low income people To develop an indigenous model of poverty alleviation in the urban areas of Pakistan To provide the urban poor, focusing on women but not excluding men, with access to credit To alleviate poverty of low-income households by organizing women, encouraging them to save and increasing their access to resources through credit To create income generating self employment opportunities for women To explore the possibility of establishing a specialized bank based on the experience of the pilot project
To develop institutional mechanisms (organization structures, culture) and sector specific strategies to carry forward the gender integration process. To establish linkages with other RSPs and governmental and non-governmental organizations striving to achieve gender equality
It is taken to assess anticipated profit or loss of the enterprise for which credit is requested. It also assesses total, daily and monthly cost, total and net profit. Does it possible to get enough profit so all installments be paid and also enough income is in hand of creditor which will help him/her to improve the quality of life.
All technicalities are also taken into consideration before start of any enterprise for assessing whether the enterprise is technically viable or not. For example for poultry form, to take into consideration the temperature of particular area etc.
Management Capacity
To assess whether the client would be able to manage the enterprise on the scale on which he/she wants or not.
Social Appraisal
If one fulfills financial, social and technical requirements, it is also necessary to assess what was the behaviour of the lender in previous transactions. How he repaid the formal and informal credits and where the CO is ready to extend this facility to him/her or not. What are the anticipated benefits to the other community members? What will be its social and environmental impacts? For example if poultry shed is constructed in the middle of population then it will be a risk to community members health.
Credit Record Keeping
A good COs is known by its record keeping. Therefore it is basic responsibility of CO to keep record of credit lending and recovery. Credit register is kept with the manager while credit pass is kept with all CO members, which is signed by the manager. Social Mobilization This sector is working since 1992. This sector is a basic core of NRSP. It means the way through which all interested community members are induced to participate. They organize and plan for common objectives. It is very important for social mobilization that people have self respect and trust one another. Furthermore their information gap be reduced and enable them to participate actively in all activities. This approach ensures the participation of all community members in development initiative, from start to finish. They inspire for collaboration and action in fulfillment of individual and collective objectives. There is division of labour and for collective benefits, all resources are tapped and planning is done for optimal utilization. There are three basic principals. Self help Self responsibility Self management
Expected Results:
After this session the participants would know about CO and its responsibilities, CO potentialities in normal and emergency situation, methodology of conducing CO meeting, proceeding register, and writing of resolution.
CO Responsibilities in the Event of Disaster The CO must have information about concerned population The CO must have map of the area Ensuring the conduct of community meeting in case of disaster Identification of disaster prone areas and collection of all concerned information Consultation with NRSP in selection of members of Disaster Management Committee (DMC) Formation of Rescue Committee in case of disaster and determining its responsibilities Mobilization of DMC members for getting disaster preparedness training Monitoring of DMC Identification of small scale mitigation projects, conduct of survey and planning Monitoring of these project and record keeping Linkages building with governmental and non governmental organizations
Providing protection to women and children in case of disaster and damage assessment Providing psychological support to traumatized and their rehabilitation Equitable distribution of the relief goods provided by governmental and non governmental organizations Development of list of all prosthesis and linkages with government departments and non government organizations for their treatment Prevention of hustle and bustle during disaster and ensuring the protection of property Linkages with governmental and non governmental organization for rehabilitation of communication
Prerequisite for CO Prefer collective interest on individual interest Regular CO meeting with at least 75 percent CO members participation To address the issues and utilization of local resources, inducement of habit of saving In time of need, cooperation with more needy and poor members of CO Better utilization of resources provided by government and other organizations To convey the needs in organize way to concerned departments Evolving a transparent mechanism of monitoring, evaluation and accountability to which every member of CO is abreast with. For example, total cost of scheme, name of persons who take credit, financial matters, name of trained persons, know how of activities and performance. Self management, self sufficiency and self responsibility; working on these principles. CO Membership It is obligatory for membership in the CO that every member should be local inhabitant. From each household, an adult male or female can become member of CO. For a new member in the CO, it is necessary that all CO members mutually decide on it. If a village has large population that more than one CO can be formed. Taking into consideration the local culture and custom, a mixed CO of men and women or separate organization can be formed. Cancellation of Membership Membership of any member can be cancelled taking into consideration the particular CO condition with mutual consent. CO President and Manager There is no distinction of one CO member on another member. CO President and manager are like other CO members. The only difference is that they have to take care of more responsibilities, which they have to fulfill. They dont have any extra power as compared to other members. Furthermore, President and Manger are selected by CO members through mutual consent. It is necessary for the manager that he must be literate so he can do CO transaction and record keeping. It is not important for the President to be educated. President and manager can be changed by CO members at any time through mutual consent.
Decision Making Any decision taken on the CO platform, it must be rectified by CO members participation and approval. Goal of Rural Development Organization (CO) The basic aim of the CO is to improve the quality of life of all members. Income is important to do that therefore CO is working for capital formation according to their needs. CO Meeting CO meetings are held with regular intervals so the process of collective development is not obstructed. All CO decisions are taken from the CO regular meetings. This meeting is held weekly or fortnightly, as per members convenience. Presence of members is obligatory for meeting For any meeting, the presence of at least 75 percent members is necessary. Decisions are taken with mutual consent The meeting is chaired by the President. In case of his/her absence, the manager or any other member can preside Mutual agreement is necessary for deciding on time, venue, date for meeting. Participation in meeting is the responsibility of all members For deciding rules of game, mutual consent is obligatory For passing of resolution also, mutual consent is obligatory All decision of the meeting will be recording in the proceeding register. CO office bearer will sign it.
Objectives of Meeting Planning for developmental activities Inducing collective thinking Identification of collective needs and problems Collective thinking and efforts for solution of the problems
Transforming the individual potentialities and skills in collective form Increase in unity and discipline Information sharing Broadening of members education and training/thinking Collection of different views in less time Getting mutual consent Getting the process of assessment better
In other word, the main objective of the CO meeting to come from I to We, without which it is difficult to get the main goal. Only on this way through training and capacity building, there can be change in thinking. On these way skills of self sufficiency, self responsibility, and self management can be developed.
Time
a. Should be a agreed and leisure time for all members so all can participate in process of development
Date/Day
a. All members should decide upon date/day through anonymous consent and at least two meeting be conducted with in a month.
All members should be informed about date/day, time and venue and if there is any change, the presence of all members is prerequisite.
All meeting decision should be noted in proceeding register, which will be signed by the CO office bearers. Furthermore those who are delegated responsibility should also sign. In case of resolution, the manager will write the resolution and will read it loudly. All members will sign it. CO manager will keep all members informed about the CO saving, bank receipt, and all financial matters of the CO The proceedings will be noted and write by the CO manager In CO meeting, the attendance register and saving register must be available.
CO during the meeting can discuss one or some of the following points. These can also be agenda points for CO meeting. Therefore help can also be sought from the first page of the proceeding register. CO formation Selection of Office Bearers Change of Office Bearers, if necessary Resolution of internal dispute according to the local justice system To prepare members for acting upon NRSPs rules Promoting members saving trend and members attendance, decision making Informing members about the status of pass books, and saving register Selection of members for training Cost estimate on different schemes and approval Maintenance and looking after of completed schemes Identification of members for credit, formation of list, finalization of methodology of getting credit and its utilization, and record keeping. Promotion of the productive capacity of the members and transforming it into practical form Working for the well being of the women and development
Give importance and attention to people People should be teach to work by themselves Objective should be determined Express your interests Select a problem which need prior discussion Causes of problems should be understood Effort to enhance the skills for solution of the problems
Manager of the CO
Every CO will select a manager amongst the members who; Better if can read and write Willing to work for the CO Honest and acceptable for other members
Mangers Responsibilities
Note proceeding of regular and emergency meetings
Entry of members weekly saving in saving and attendance register To speak loudly proceedings of last meeting To keep inform CO members about saving and other transactions To make copies of CO decisions and resolutions, verification, submit it to the concerned departments To keep complete record of all credit, installments, and other outstanding amount.
Attendance and Saving Register, Importance of Resolution and Proceeding Register and Procedure of Record Keeping
Attendance and Saving Register In this register members attendance and saving is recorded Resolution Resolution is passed for important and urgent matter which concerned with NRSP or any other organization. For a resolution, it is important to take into consideration; What problem should be solved? What is needed to solve the problem? What the CO can do by itself to solve this problem? What kind of support is required to solve this problem? It is necessary that for a resolution all members agree. After writing a resolution, it should be read loudly, so that every member knows about it before signing it. Sign and thumb expression on the resolution should be clear.
Contents:
Disasters and its types Causes of earthquake and its preventive measures Causes of Land sliding its preventive measures Causes of Heavy rain falls its preventive measures Causes of Wind storms its preventive measures Unnatural disasters
Expected Results:
At the end of this session participants will be to know about the natural and Unnatural disasters and will also be able to know comprehensively about earthquake, land sliding, heavy rainfalls wind storms their causes and their preventive measures.
Many times in Quran Allah says: I love human beings more than then the combined love of 70 mothers Allah almighty has blessed human beings with the skills that they can resist or counter these disasters; it requires patient, determination and strong hope. The cause of this huge loss was that the people had no information of the earthquake and they did not know about the preventing measures as well. That was the reason that people have lost their senses. Women could not come out from their houses because of taking these as a light shocks and children were also unaware of the situation. That is why most suffered were children and women.
Preventing measures:
Keep the telephone numbers of Edhi centre, Red Crescent, city defense, and governments centers of emergency help with you Tell all people of the home that they should contact to emergency centers in case of emergency. You have to identify emergency exit paths Prepared a first aid box. Necessary items should be keep separate so you can carry with you in case of emergency. Important documents should be kept in water proof envelop. Keep One gallon of water for one person a day You have to arrange clothes shoes and other items according to weather. Blankets and other equipment of sleeping should be in this order that you can carry it easily with you. Keep contact numbers of family doctor and friends with you. There should be at least two emergency exit paths so you can get out easily.
Land sliding
There are different kinds of rocks of the mountains. One of tem is secondary rocks. Secondary rocks are formed by the combination of different rent layers. Heat, snowfall and rainfall cause the contraction and expansion process of rocks. During this process stones tend to fall, because of the force of gravity. We called it a landslide. Kashmir Mountains region is also consisting of these rocks and these hills are called baby or new born hills. Land sliding has increased after 8th October earthquake. The cause of this was earthquake also because due to shocks there is destruction process in these secondary rocks and whenever there is a chemical change underneath the earth the land slides starts to take place. Second reason is deforestation because of roots of trees compact these rocks together. Chances of landslides reduced due to this. In this situation roads are blocked and cause difficulty to the people to move or travel.
Preventing measures:
Stay away from the land slide area because there are chances of further landslide in that area. Try to asses the situation of people who are trapped in landslide and provide them first day if it is necessary Check if there is any damage has been done to the gas, electricity and telephone lines. If it is so then contact to relevant office Check if there is any sort of damage done to the base of building, or land near to it. If it is so then try to fill it with soil and plant tress over there.
Heavy rain
Moon soon is the major cause of the rainfall in Kashmir and in its surroundings. when there is low pressure f air is build then the moon soon coming from the India strike against the mountains of Kashmir and remain their and become the cause of rain. Infrastructure of three districts of Kashmir and nwfp has been demolished due to earthquake. Peoples homes are completely and partially destroyed. Those houses who were partially damaged in the earthquake, demolished completely due to heavy rainfall. Land slides take place due to heavy rain. Because of this roads are blocked and daily life suffer a lot
Preventing measures
Check your doors, windows, and roof of the house and adjust them properly before the start of rainy season Necessary equipment should be with you to repair the house Keep the food items which do not need to be cooked. Clean the ways of water so that in case of heavy rain it should not blocked and water do not get into your house In rainy season there are chances of snakes and other insects biting, so try to avoid going to those areas where the water of rain has been stocked or gathered.
Wind storms
Strong winds tend to below in chinari, Haitian and salmia. The cause of these strong winds is that there is warm air prevailing in these areas due to this it tends to go up and leave gaps, to fill these gaps cold winds come from occupied Kashmir whose direction and intensity is very high and also come in one direction. It becomes the cause of strong winds. There are chances of falling of trees and houses due to this and it reduced human activities.
Preventing measures:
Check your houses whether they can resist strong winds. While building your houses try to place your windows and door in opisite direction of winds. Build winds resist hoses Use warm clothes Assure the presence of first aid kit
Contents:
Methods of early warning system in disasters Communication and its kinds Characteristics of information provider and listener Principals of affective listening during and after disasters Five types of listening
Expected results:
At the end of session participants will be able to know about Communication and its kinds, Characteristics of information provider and listener, Principals of affective listening during and after disasters and five types of listening
After disasters
Disasters can not be stopped. But through early warning we can minimize its destructions. normally means of information also been disturbed by disasters like other things for example, stoppage of electricity etc. but after disasters in case of emergency the importance of affective communication increase. In this situation two points have come in front. First try to search affected people so that first aid can be provided. Second provide them help during and after disasters.
What is communication?
It is a process through which human beings transmit and receive meaningful information. Information about the disasters (theories, thoughts, feelings). Communication is only done if there us two way communication.
Types of communication;
Verbal (written, spoken) Non verbal (pictures, indications, body movements, smell, facial expression, color, different sounds, touch)
Message should be short and comprehensive Message must contain one clear objective. Us simple words Language should be understandable Should know about norms, values and conditions of local environment. The verbal message should be loud enough to be heard. Proper ups and downs in voice can create interest Follow affective way of speech Repeat your massage Keep in mind the mental level of your audience You must have enough information about the thing which you want communicate Repeat the massage from listeners
Feedback
It means the process through which the sender gets information whether his massage is properly understood and conveyed properly or not.
Characteristics of message
It should be loud and clear Should be in simple Language Complete and specific According to need and interest
Show the speaker that you want to hear him/her. Give attention to speaker and you show your interest. Dont disappoint the speaker Remove hurdle in communications and remove those things which cause deviation in attention Try to under speaker point of view Show patience Dont loose your temper. Angry man takes wrong meanings of words. Be lenient in your arguments and criticism Ask questions, it help in explanation
Types of listener:
You come across those people who are physically present but not mentally, so they can not understand your message. Some people just show that they are listening to you Some people only listen to those things which they like.
Some people keep reacting and express their views by listening. These people are very important. According to communication experts, this is an indicator of good communication. This is a learning process in which your body react, and can hear it through your spirit and heart. On this way of your can learn others point of view. In this process, a development activist can better go to the people and to every person, irrespective of his/her background, a massage can be conveyed. We should make our massage clear. We can not get our aim unless we make our massage purposeful, clear and get feedback on it. This all mechanism depends on communication. We need to think deeply, analysis, and listen others point of views.
Contents:
o o o Problems regarding women and children during disasters Gender and its introduction case study
Expected results:
At the end of the session participants will be able to understand the importance of problems regarding women and children during disasters, gender and its introduction and case study
Introduction:
In our areas women and men are treated according to their gender not according to their capabilities and skills. Being an active member, a person can talk about the issue of importance of women and men participation in development process. We can understand the importance of women contribution in disasters in this way: Ahmed and his father were traveling when they had a road accident in which Ahmeds father passed away and Ahmed himself was taken to the hospital seriously injured. Nurses who were present at the emergency ward took him to the operation theater where one of the surgeons shouted after seeing his face that this is my son. After presenting that story ask about that from the participants that who it could be? Majority of the answers will be Step father Lost son of the surgeon Boy having the similar face like surgeons son Do not show your reaction on the answers given by the participants and ask them to think more until one of them come up with this answer that it was his mother who was surgeon over there in the hospital. Try to explain to the participants that it is a natural phenomenon that is developed on your experiences that you have not conceived that surgeon can be a woman as well, because you people not come across to see women as surgeon in your society. Give to cards of different to the participants and ask them to write that what kind of character come to their mind when think about the word man and here it is important to mention that by character we mean a social role that a man is performing. When they have finished collect that cards and display on to the board and similar thing ask about the woman and get their opinion and display it on the board. Check that whether they have discussed according to social perspective not according to natural perspective. If they are written in natural perspective and than take out that cards. Now change the topic and display the women cards on mens board and men cards on womens board. Now read it again and explain where things are necessary, you will see
that interesting things will come in result of that. For example brave, warrior, sick, unhealthy can be a women as well as man and try explain these things to participants that a person who are in trouble can be a man as well not women all the time and women are considered to be expert in cooking foods and stitching clothes but all good all in the hotels are men and they are very good tailors as well. Explain that all the boundaries which society and people determine can be modified according to the need of the time. Explain that purpose of this session is to make people aware of the fact that if we are not going to let the women participate in social activities at village level then it is very difficult to gain sustainable development. Women are the party which works a lot in these villages set up but we are not giving them their rights and the positions they deserve in the society.
Helping forces
Opposing forces
1) Ask group to draw this diagram on to the flip chart in which, on one side is existing situation. Try to explain this situation to some what. 2) Write those favorable elements or forces on the upper side that are helping to achieve the objective 3) Write the opposing elements or forces below. These can be written according to their importance. 4) What can be done to minimize the affects of opposing forces or factors? What are the strategies or ideas that the group has? Ask every group to present their points. Try to highlight all important points and have discussion on them that some time it happens that opposing forces are as strong as favorable forces, try to minimize that opposing first instead of going for direct clash. After knowing about the favorable and opposing forces try to make a plan to achieve your major objectives Try to explain through examples that men and women are striving to achieve same objectives Explain that we do not let the woman to participate in decision making and not allowing them to share their problems and their suggestions to solve those problems. In result women face lot of difficulties and they remain unsolved. Because women are 51 percent
of our population and if theirs problems are remain unsolved and they are not allowed to participate in different social activities than it is very difficult to have long lasting and sustainable community development. Explain further to participants that NRSP is trying and working on these areas and has very good plan to achieve these objectives.
Case study:
It was the third meeting of the men social organizers of rural development with the males of the community. This time they have some female social organizers with them also. Male had promised for huge meeting. But when team reached there, only two male participants were present. They told that males are not ready to be organized. In the meanwhile lady social organizer has got the chance to talk to the woman living in neighborhoods. After some time women from surroundings gathered there in that house and they show lot of interest in the programme and decided the time and date for next meeting. Some days before the meeting message received in rural development programme office that meeting is not going to take place. Therefore you are not suppose to come for meeting and NRSP social organizers did not go there because of that message which they had received in the office. After this incident staff received news that women of the community were present there on the meeting time and they wait for NRSP people and they were very disappointed not to see them. They were so disappointed that they also decide not to form a community organization.
In the last of session, ask the participants that how they can use this case study to ensure women participation in development activities. After getting participants response, explain how women participation is important for development. Women should equally participate in planning for developmental activities, and also explain about the forces which defy women participation in development process. Support those forces which ensure women participation.
Content:
Definition of Disaster Management Committee Objectives of Disaster Management Committee Structure of Disaster Management Committee
Expected Result
After this session participants will be equipped with the knowledge about the disaster Management committee, its objective and structure
Or
DMC is the committee which is going to reduce the chances of any disaster and work in affected areas in case of disaster at village level. Objectives of DMC: o Indicate the expected disasters and accidents at village level o Planning of avoiding the affects of disasters/ immediate rescue and relief planning o Immediate response after the incident o Reduce the affects of disasters o Equal concentration on all affected people o Communication with different institutes o Getting the training of disaster management and preparedness and then motivate local people to get the training from them. o Providence of first aid in case of emergency o Providing psycho social support to affected people and get them out of trauma. o Demonstration of practical drills at village level o Use of emergency tool kit in disaster affected areas
Structure of DMC:
DMC is going to be an organization whose members will be decided by community organization. With the coordination of NRSP and community organization members will be selected for DMC which will be eight in numbers. Chairman Secretary Six other members
Executive Body:
Executive body Will be consist of chairman and secretary and other members will be six. Thirty percent of these members must be women. NRSP and CO will take care of these DMCs.
Contents:
o o o o Planning and its importance Levels of planning Phases of planning Project cycle management
Expected results:
At the end of this session participants will be able to know about the planning and its importance. Levels of planning, phases of planning and project cycle management.
What is planning?
To achieve any specific objective arranging the tasks components in one defined time, estimation of resources while assigning the duties is known as planning.
Levels of planning:
Planning should be done on following levels.
The kinds of problems that a normal member comes across in his life are mostly concern with income. Out of which some can be on individual level and its solution can only provide benefit at individual level, for this individual level planning is important. There are some problems which can not be solved at individual level and solution of these problems can provide benefit to whole organization or community therefore, for the solutions of these problems planning should be done at organization or community level.
Objectives: First of all three should be some objectives of any activity which is going to be performed. Objectives should be very clear. That can be attainable within given resources. Methodology;
After setting the objectives it is very important that try to find out the ways of how to achieve these objectives. How much we can split down the activities into different smaller tasks. Normally a bigger task consists of different smaller tasks and as we split these tasks to different level we can plan well for them.
Responsibility:
Now the question is who is going to perform different tasks, names and responsibilities should be very much clear so every one can know about his job and he or she will responsible and answerable.
Resources:
We have to see that what are the resources which fulfill these tasks, whether these external or internal, and how we can get access to these external or internal resources.
Time allocation:
Allocation of time is one of the most critical components on planning process. There are some activities which done in one we have to mention the date for single day as well. And other activities which last for more than one day then starting and closing dates should must be written, with out this planning process is not going to be completed.
Scrutiny:
For the planning process it is necessary to decide that how we are going to check that whether any activity is completed or not.
Expenditures:
To make an estimate of expenditure for a project is also very necessary so we can know that how many people are going to be benefited by this and also consider that how much profit is expected by this.
Contents:
Kinds of linkages CO Internal and external linkages Disaster concerned agencies Tools for affective linkages building
Expected Results:
After this session, the participants would be able to understand about linkages building, internal and external linkages, agencies working for disaster mitigation, and tools for effective linkages building.
Linkages Building
It is human nature that when he/she faced with any emergency situation or disaster, he/she contact with authorities or institutions situated around, for safety and disaster mitigation. These contacts/linkages are more effective if these are made on CO platform as compared to individual contact. After devastating October 2005 earthquake, the affectees did not know to contact which authority/organization for help, therefore the rehabilitation took more time. These risks can be mitigated if the people know about the linkages to be made with the organizations. NRSPs methodology of work emphasis on utilization of local resources, for which linkages building play a pivotal role. On one hand, NRSP determine working methodology of CO and on other hand, it is provided with a platform through which they can access concerned governmental and other organizations so quality of life can be improved at grass root level. NRSP not only play a role of bridge between CO and other government organization but also make sure that access to other NGOs, banks and donor agencies. There are two kinds of linkages Internal External
Internal Linkages
For CO an affective linkage amongst members is required for working relationship. For affective linkages building, distribution of responsibilities according to their capacities and analysis of responsibilities is very important. For internal linkage building there must a mechanism in which CO can trace and resolve internal conflicts. CO is a platform through which members of disaster management committee (DMC) will be selected. Therefore it is very important for the CO to select only those who are inhabitant of the same locality so there will be no problem in linkages. CO should keep link with own and other DMCs for playing a supervisory role. Through this role they can know that DMC members are trained in; Analysis of indicator of internal linkages in CO Frequency of CO meeting with in specific duration Trend of CO members attendance in CO meetings How many issues are discussed and resolved How many decision are made in CO How many people participated in meeting considering their poverty status Women participation, their participation in CO meetings Is there any plan for DMC in CO meeting How many decisions are made regarding disaster mitigation schemes
External Linkages
External linkages are built for three purposes For getting external services For introduction or highlighting the CO For getting financial support Linkages building with concerned department for getting services for health, education, water, irrigation. All these include in linkages for getting external services. Similarly linkages building with district management and other organization for making it more affective through organizing different events, so that CO is highlighted and appreciated. All these come in the external linkages of the CO. The CO must have information about all NGOs working at District and Tehsil levels. For fund raising and better utilization of resources and management, the CO must have information of all financial organization in the area. The CO must also have information about priorities of different donor agencies and how to get fund from them.
CO can contact with ERRA and other support organization in their area
Contents:
Motivational tools Motivational skills in disaster perspective Ways of Motivation What should be taken into consideration during motivation
Expected Results:
After this session the participants would be able to know about the motivational tools, motivational skills in disasters perspective, motivational tools, and about the things which should be considered during motivational.
Process of Motivational
Need Belief Interest/ Wish Action Result
When a person feels some need, he/she strive to fulfill it. Some time belief also becomes a binding force for fulfillment of need. For example, if someone needs money, he/she can fulfill it through begging. But if a person thinks that begging is not a good thing then he/she works and earns the money. It is the belief which made a need his/her wishes. Then for fulfillment of that need/wish one strives and fulfills one need.
When people needs are highlighted they become ready to act. If people are made felt that this is their needs, they can prepared for action. If people are given task according to their skills then they will perform it with pleasure Dont forces people but make them agree. Dont push but make them walk with. Acceptance If someone dont do according to expectation, dont be rude. Guide and appreciate him/her Healthy competition, this can induce interest for work Trust the people and improve their confidence Dont expect more. Every one has the capacity to work to certain limits according to his energy Take decision according while taking suggestion of all concerned. Respect every one view. Every one has some specific quality. Utilize that quality and dont mention the loopholes. It can break the tempo. Dont analysis people on quality, it can break their determination Keep into consideration age and culture of the people