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Photosynthesis Question & Answer Orama

1. What does the [energy structure] mean? It has to do with carbohydrates. The Calvin cycle uses carbon dioxide to make glucose, which is then used to make starch (energy carb), cellulose (structure carb), and other things. 2. Does chlorophyll absorb H2O and sunlight? It absorbed the sun's energy to get excited. The excited chlorophyll can split water in to H+, H+, and O- with its energy. 3. What does the H2O do? It gets split apart in to an H+, H+, and O -. The H are positively charged and run the protein machinery that build ATP, kinda like an electric motor. The Os combine with other Os and leave the cell as O2. 4. How does the CO2 come apart? Protein structures that are powered by ATP rip it apart in a series of chemical reactions. 5. Isn't O2 important? Yes, very important. You'll see where it is when we begin cell respiration next week. 6. What's between chlorophyll's excitement and ATP being made? Water splits to make something like a battery...it's awesome. The battery then runs a tiny protein machine that makes ATP. 7. How does water travel up a tree? Use Veritasium video. Remind Mr. Davis because he forgot what class period this question came from. He thinks its 1st or 5th period. It cant be explained simply. 8. Where does the O2 from the Calvin cycle go? Some escapes into the air, and some gets used in making the carbs. 9. Is there carbs in CO2? No. Remember that carbon dioxide is made of the elements carbon and oxygen. Those get ripped apart during the Calvin cycle and recombined into carbohydrates...that are also made of carbon and oxygen, but in new arrangements. 10. Is ATP part of carbs? No. It runs the Calvin cycle that uses carbon dioxide to make the carbs. 11. How does carbon dioxide split for the seed? Answer: Do you mean because the seed has no leaves to do photosynthesis? Good question. Seeds contain enough energy in the form of carbs and lipids to grow their first tiny stem and leaves, then those tiny baby leaves can start photosynthesis of their own. It's adorable.

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12. Where does starch and cellulose come from? It is made from the atoms from the ripped apart carbon dioxide, during the Calvin cycle. 13. What is the energy source for stage 1 and 2? Let's rename stage 1 and 2 to the light-dependent and light-independent reactions. The energy source for the light-dependent in um, light! The energy source for the light-independent reaction is ATP. That ATP was made during the light-dependent reactions. 14. How does stage two (light-independent) happen without the sun's energy? Because the lightdependent reaction made ATP using the sun's energy first, which is the energy used to run the lightindependent part. So it doesn't need the sun's energy because it is able to use ATP. 15. Can ATP be recycled over and over again? Yes. When it is used to power something in the cell it gets turned in to ADP (the same thing but it lost an energy-packed phosphorus atom). Cells have machinery to pack a new phosphorus onto ADP turning it back into the more useful ATP. The lightdependent reaction of photosynthesis is one way; you'll learn another way next week. 16. Where does the carbon dioxide and carbon come from? Carbon dioxide is in the air and simply floats into the leaf through tiny holes called stoma. 17. Why do we need to know this? Because the Earth would just be a lonely rock simply spending its billions of years warming its dirt if photosynthesis never evolved to be able to take the sun's energy and transfer it to chemicals (ATP and glucose). You are able to ask this question because your fellow life forms (some of which you eat) are able to do this. Photosynthesis and plants say that you're very welcome. 18. Where does all this happen? In the chloroplasts. 19. How does the water get in? The water falls from the sky, or is in the ground. The roots bring it up and the water eventually gets to all the cells of the plant. 20. Do all the chemical reactions make carbs? No. There are chemical reactions that make ALL of the plant's parts. So there are reactions that make carbs...and reactions that make proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids, too.