A Report on

DESIGN AND IMPLEMENTATION OF MOBILE DETECTOR IN EXAMINATION HALL USING PSOC

M.Tech (Electronics Design & Technology)

Submitted by P.VENKATA RAO (M120155EC) Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering

NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY CALICUT

Kozhikode, Kerala- 673 601. Monsoon 2012.

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ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
We want to thank faculties of the College. They have been very kind and helpful to us. We also want to thank all teaching and Nonteaching staff to support us. Especially we are thankful to Smt. Lyla B Das for providing this golden opportunity to work on this project, inspiration during the course of this project and to complete the project within stipulated time duration. We would like to express our sincere gratitude to our guide Mr.Jmshir for their help during the course of the project right from selection of the project, their constant encouragement, expert academic and practical guidance

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INDEX
CHAPTER-1 ......................................................................................................................................... 3 1.1 Introduction ................................................................................................................................... 3 CHAPTER-2 ......................................................................................................................................... 4 2.1 Block Diagram ............................................................................................................................. 4 2.2 Components Used in Cell Phone Detector ................................................................................... 4 CHAPTER-3 ......................................................................................................................................... 5 3.1 Current to voltage converter circuit ............................................................................................. 5 3.2 Working Principle ......................................................................................................................... 5 3.3 Antenna ......................................................................................................................................... 6 3.4 CA3130 ......................................................................................................................................... 6 3.5 features of Ca3130 ........................................................................................................................ 7 3.6 applications of Ca3130 ................................................................................................................. 7 3.7 pin diagram of Ca3130.................................................................................................................. 8 CHAPTER-4 ......................................................................................................................................... 9 4.1 Introduction ................................................................................................................................... 9 4.1.1 PSoC Designer Flow ........................................................................................................ 9 4.2 features and overview of PGA block ............................................................................................ 9 4.3 Features and Overview of ADC block ........................................................................................ 10 CHAPTER-5............................................................................................................................. 12 5.1 LED: ........................................................................................................................................ 12 5.2 Piezo Buzzer: .......................................................................................................................... 13 CHAPTER-6............................................................................................................................. 14 6.1 ALGORITHM: ......................................................................................................................... 14 6.2 Flow Chart: ................................................................................................................................ 14 CHAPTER-7............................................................................................................................. 16 7.1 Applications of cell Phone Detectors .......................................................................................... 16 CHAPTER-8 ....................................................................................................................................... 18 8.1 Conclusion ................................................................................................................................. 18 8.2 References .................................................................................................................................. 18

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ABSTRACT

As using of mobile phones in the colleges premises and in the examination halls are restricted. It sometimes it is not possible to detect the mobile phones with the students this project will solve that problem by automatically detecting the mobile phone and gives the alarm sound automatically. This project Design and implementation of Mobile detector in examination Hall using PSOC used colleges for detecting the mobile phones and gives the buzzer sound simultaneously that information will be displayed on LCD.

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CHAPTER-1
1.1 INTRODUCTION: This handy cell phone detector, pocket-size mobile transmission detector can sense the presence of an activated mobile cell phone from a short distance. So it can be used to prevent use of mobile phones in examination halls, confidential rooms, etc. It is also useful for detecting the use of mobile phone for spying and unauthorized video transmission. The circuit can detect the incoming and outgoing calls, SMS and video transmission even if the mobile phone is kept in the silent mode. It senses the radio frequency (RF) transmissions from nearby cellular or mobile phones. If required, other sources of RF transmissions can also be detected including two-way radios, and other wireless communication devices. When a transmission is detected, an alarm sequence begins that may include any combination of visual LED glows. In addition the unit can be used as a static or portable detector, and it can be used to generate remote alarms, activate other equipment (including remote indication devices) and extend alarm messages into other areas. Cellular phone technology is rapidly changing. Features like Bluetooth, USB, high resolution cameras, microphones, Internet, 802.11 wirelesses, and memory cards are added every year. Also, the communication technology a cellular phone uses such as CDMA, GSM, 3G, and 4G are rapidly changing. Hence there is more chance for leaking of confidential matter. In order to avoid such leakage of information cell phone detectors are used.

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CHAPTER-2
2.1 BLOCK DIAGRAM:

Fig 2.1: Block Diagram

2.2 COMPONENTS USED IN CELL PHONE DETECTOR: ANTENNA IC CA3130 RESISTORS CAPACITORS PSOC KIT LED PIEZO BUZZER 12V SUPPLY

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CHAPTER-3
3.1 Current to voltage converter circuit:

Figure: circuit diagram of current to voltage converter. 3.2 Working Principle: An ordinary RF detector using tuned LC circuits is not suitable for detecting signals in the GHz frequency band used in mobile phones. The transmission frequency of mobile phones ranges from 0.9 to 3 GHz with a wavelength of 3.3 to 10 cm. So a circuit detecting gigahertz signals is required for a mobile bug. Here the circuit uses a 0.22F disk capacitor (C3) to capture the RF signals from the mobile phone. The lead length of the capacitor is fixed as 18 mm with a spacing of 8 mm between the leads to get the desired frequency. The disk capacitor along with the leads acts as a small gigahertz loop antenna to collect the RF signals from the mobile phone. Op-amp IC CA3130 (IC1) is used in the circuit as a current-to-voltage converter with capacitor C3 connected between its inverting and non-inverting inputs. It is a CMOS version using gate-protected p-channel MOSFET transistors in the input to provide very high input impedance, very low input current and very high speed of performance. Capacitor C3 in conjunction with the lead inductance acts as a transmission line that intercepts the signals from the mobile phone. This capacitor creates a field, stores energy and transfers the stored
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energy in the form of minute current to the inputs of IC1. This will upset the balanced input of IC1 and convert the current into the corresponding output voltage. Capacitor C4 along with high-value resistor R1 keeps the non-inverting input stable for easy swing of the output to high state. Resistor R2 provides the discharge path for capacitor C4. Feedback resistor R3 makes the inverting input high when the output becomes high. Capacitor C5 (47pF) is connected across strobe (pin 8) and null inputs (pin 1) of IC1 for phase compensation and gain control to optimize the frequency response. When the mobile phone signal is detected by C3, the output of IC1 becomes high and low alternately according to the frequency of the signal as indicated by LED1.

3.3 ANTENNA: The size and shape of the antenna and the way it's constructed determine the gain and directivity of the antenna. The antenna transmits and receives electromagnetic signals. When gain increases the amount of desired signal energy that can be captured Increase but the amount of environmental noise and interferences that's captured increases by the same amount. Antenna receives the radio frequency signals (RF signals) from the mobile phone. The radio frequency signals are grasped by the antenna. In the detection process we use a wire type antenna. An antenna (or aerial) is an electrical device which converts electric currents into radio waves, and vice versa. It is usually used with a radio transmitter or radio receiver. In transmission, a radio transmitter applies an oscillating radio frequency electric current to the antenna's terminals, and the antenna radiates the energy from the current as electromagnetic waves (radio waves). In reception, an antenna intercepts some of the power of an electromagnetic wave in order to produce a tiny voltage at its terminals that is applied to a receiver to be amplified. An antenna can be used for both transmitting and receiving. 3.4 CA3130: CA3130A and CA3130 are op amps that combine the advantage of both CMOS and bipolar transistors. Gate-protected P-Channel MOSFET (PMOS) transistors are used in the input circuit to provide very-high-input impedance, very-low-input current and exceptional speed performance. The use of PMOS transistors in the input stage results in common-mode input-voltage capability down to 0.5V below the negative-supply terminal, an important attribute in single-supply applications.

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A CMOS transistor-pair, capable of swinging the output voltage to within 10mV of either supply-voltage terminal (at very high values of load impedance), is employed as the output circuit. The CA3130 Series circuits operate at supply voltages ranging from 5V to 16V, (2.5V to 8V). They can be phase compensated with a single external capacitor, and have terminals for adjustment of offset voltage for applications requiring offset-null capability. Terminal provisions are also made to permit strob of the output stage. 3.5 FEATURES OF CA3130: a. Very High Impedance= 1.5 T (1.5 x 1012) b. Very Low Current= 5pA at 15V Operation i. = 2pA at 5V Operation c. Ideal for Single Supply Applications. d. Common-Mode Input-Voltage Range Includes negative Supply Rail. e. Input Terminals can be Swing 0.5V Below Negative Supply Rail. f. CMOS Output Stage Permits Signal Swing to Either (or both) Supply Rails.

3.6 APPLICATIONS OF CA3130: Ground-Referenced Single Supply Amplifiers Fast Sample-Hold Amplifiers Long-Duration Timers/ Mono stable multi vibrators. High-Input-Impedance Comparators (Ideal Interface with Digital CMOS) High-Input-Impedance Wideband Amplifiers Voltage Followers (e.g. Follower for Single-Supply D/A Converter) Voltage Regulators (Permits Control of Output Voltage Down to 0V) Peak Detectors Single-Supply Full-Wave Precision Rectifiers Photo-Diode Sensor Amplifiers

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3.7 PIN DIAGRAM OF CA3130:

Fig 1.1: Pin diagram of CA3130.

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CHAPTER-4
PSOC 4.1 Introduction: PSoC Designer is the revolutionary Integrated Design Environment (IDE) that you can use to customize PSoC to meet your specific application requirements. PSoC Designer software accelerates system bring-up and time-to-market. Develop your applications using a library of pre-characterized analog and digital peripherals in a drag-and-drop design environment. Then, customize your design leveraging the dynamically generated API libraries of code. Finally, debug and test your designs with the integrated debug environment including in-circuit emulation and standard software debug features. 4.1.1 PSoC Designer Flow: Following are the steps in the PSoC Designer flow: Step 1: Create a project Step 2: Choose a base device to work with. Step 3: Choose and configure user modules that give the PSoC device the functionality you need. Step 4: Connect the user modules to each other, as appropriate, and to the proper pins. Step 5: Write firmware for your project in C or assembly language. Step 6: Program the PSoC device and test the program 4.2 Features and Overview of PGA BLOCK:

CY8C26/25xxx: thirty-one user-programmable gain settings with a maximum gain of 16.0.

All other PSoC Devices: thirty-three user-programmable gain settings with a maximum gain of 48.0.

High impedance input Single-ended output with selectable reference

The PGA User Module implements an op-amp based non-inverting amplifier with userprogrammable gain. This amplifier has high input impedance, wide bandwidth, and selectable reference..

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4.3 Features and Overview of ADC BLOCK: 6 to 14-bit resolution Optional synchronous 8-bit PWM output Optional differential Input Signed or unsigned data format Sample rate up to 15.6 ksps (6-bit resolution) Input range defined by internal and external reference options Internal or external clock The ADCINC is a differential or single input ADC that returns a 6 to 14 bit result. The maximum Data Clock frequency is 8 MHz, but 2 MHz is the maximum frequency recommended for improved linearity. This ADC may only be placed one time, due to its implementation which uses the hardware decimator rather than a digital block. This is the most resource efficient ADC. A 2nd order modulator may be implemented with an additional switch-capacitor block, allowing better linearity with an 8 MHz Data Clock. Timing is implemented with an eight bit PWM that gives you a modulated pulse width that is synchronous to the input sample. The ADCINC requires 2n1 integration cycles to generate an output with n bits of resolution.

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CHAPTER-5
5.1 LED: LED means Light Emitting Diode. It is an electronic device that lights up when electricity is passed through it. LEDs are usually red. They are good for displaying images because they can be relatively small. The moment the bug detects RF transmission signal from an activated mobile phone, it starts sounding a beep alarm and the LED blinks. LEDs contain an integrated multi vibrator circuit inside which causes the LED to flash with a typical time period. A light-emitting diode (LED) is a semiconductor light source. LEDs are used as indicator lamps in many devices and are increasingly used for other lighting. When a lightemitting diode is forward-biased (switched on), electrons are able to recombine with electron holes within the device, releasing energy in the form of photons. This effect is called electroluminescence and the colour of the light (corresponding to the energy of the photon) is determined by the energy gap of the semiconductor. LEDs are often small in area (less than 1 mm2), and integrated optical components may be used to shape its radiation pattern LEDs present many advantages over incandescent light sources including lower energy consumption, longer lifetime, improved robustness, smaller size, and faster switching. LEDs powerful enough for room lighting are relatively expensive and require more precise current and heat management than compact fluorescent lamp sources of comparable output.

Fig 5.1: Light Emitting Diodes

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5.2 PIEZO BUZZER:

The piezo buzzer produces sound based on reverse of the piezoelectric effect. These buzzers can be used alert a user of an event corresponding to a switching action, counter signal or sensor input. The buzzer produces a same noisy sound irrespective of the voltage variation applied to it. It consists of piezo crystals between two conductors. When a potential is applied across these crystals, they push on one conductor and pull on the other. This, push and pull action, results in a sound wave. Most buzzers produce sound in the range of 2 to 4 kHz.

Fig5.2: Piezo Buzzer A piezoelectric disk generates a voltage when deformed (change in shape is greatly exaggerated). A piezoelectric sensor is a device that uses the piezoelectric effect to measure pressure, acceleration, strain or force by converting them to an electrical charge. Piezoelectric sensors have proven to be versatile tools for the measurement of various processes. They are used for quality assurance, process control and for research and development in many different industries.

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CHAPTER-6

IMPLEMENTATION
6.1 ALGORITHM: i. ii. iii. iv. v. vi. vii. Supply is given to activate the circuit. A transaction is made through the mobile. The antenna receives the IR signals and passes them to op-amp. LED glows indicating that IR signals are sensed. The output of op-amp is fed to the PSOC. The PSOC activates the buzzer. The buzzer indicates that the cell phone is detected.

6.2 FLOW CHART:

Fig 6.1: Flow chart

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Figure 6.2 : Implementation of mobile detector

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CHAPTER-7
APPLICATIONS OFCELL PHONE DETECTORS 1 .MILITARY BASIS: In government buildings and military bases the unit should be installed in all sensitive areas. In addition to potential RAT phones, the Cell phone Detector can detect bugs emitting RF within the specified band range. In addition, it can be rigged to trigger a digital camera to capture an image of a person using a phone in a restricted area by sending a signal to an external trigger mechanism from the remote alarm terminal. 2. PRISONS: Cell phone Detector may be placed outside cell doors during lock up hours within prison wings to reduce illicit cellular phone activity. In addition, Cell phone Detector maybe installed in entranceways, corridors, waiting and meeting areas where inmates visits are conducted. 3 .HOSPITALS: Cell phone Detector units are installed in general locations in corridors and waiting rooms to deter nuisance public cellular phone usage. Sensitive electronic equipment within intensive care wards and operating theatres that are vulnerable to RF interference will have units installed near them. 4 .SCHOOLS AND COLLEGES: Cell phone Detector units are installed in general locations in corridors, assembly points, concourses, classrooms and lecture theatres to promote conformity and establishment order. Cell phone detector units are deployed in examination rooms to deter examination fraud via text messaging. 5 .PLACES OF WORSHIP: Cell phone Detector units are installed as a deterrent at the main entrance. Where cellular phone misuse is a severe or persistent problem then units can be installed in the main prayer area with audio alert set to low volume. 6. MUSEUMS AND LIBRARIES: Cell phone Detector units are installed in all areas in museums and libraries with audio warning on low volume.

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7 .COURTROOMS: Cell phone Detector units are installed directly outside courtrooms with range set to near. Inside the courtroom itself, a wall-mounted unit silently flashing in the public gallery may alert security staff. 8. GENERAL APPLICATION: Cellular phone detection and deterrence is an additional layer of security for your organization. How effective this layer of security will be will be dependent on the environment, the number of devices installed and how the detectors are integrated with other layers of security such as metal detection and access control systems. Confidential advice and assistance regarding how this product can be used is available from your supplier.

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CHAPTER-8
8.1 CONCLUSION Cellular phone technology is gaining new data capabilities very rapidly. New features like Bluetooth, high resolution cameras, memory cards, and Internet make them ideal for getting data in and out of secure facilities. A cellular phone uses many different transmission protocols such as FDMA or CDMA. These protocols dictate how a cellular phone communicates with the tower. Typically cellular phones in the United States operate between 824 - 894 MHz Many businesses depend on keeping information protected and build fortresses that called secure facilities to protect their investment. Currently the only way to ensure that no one is bringing a cellular phone into a secure facility is to search everyone entering and exiting. This requires a lot of manpower and money to implement. This project is used for military and civil defense for mobile radiation detection. Used for spying the unauthorized video transmission in mobile phones. Used to prevent the usage of mobile phones in examination halls. The signals emitted by mobile phones can interfere with some electronic equipment inside the hospital. This could have fatal consequences. so we use this project to detect the usage of mobile phones in the above places.

8.2 REFERENCES
1. www.cypress.com/psocexampleprojects. 2. www.alldatasheets.com 3. www.efyprojects.com 4. www.circuitstudy.com

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CODE
//---------------------------------------------------------------------------// MOBILE DETECTOR //--------------------------------------------------------------------------#include <m8c.h> #include "PSoCAPI.h" Modules int h,i; void main(void) { PGA_Start(PGA_MEDPOWER); LCD_Start(); M8C_EnableGInt; // Enable Global Interrupts ADCINC_Start(ADCINC_HIGHPOWER); // Apply power to the SC Block ADCINC_GetSamples(0); // Have ADC run continuously i=5; for(;;) { while(ADCINC_fIsDataAvailable() == 0); // Loop until value ready ADCINC_iClearFlagGetData(); h=ADCINC_bGetData(); LCD_Position(0,0); LCD_PrCString("MOBILE DETECTOR "); if(h>200)
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// part specific constants and macros // PSoC API definitions for all User

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{ i=i+100; LCD_Position(1,0); LCD_PrCString("detected "); PRT1DR=0X03; if(i>=30000) { i=15000; } } else { i=i-5; if(i==0) { LCD_Position(1,0); LCD_PrCString("no mobile"); PRT1DR=0X00; i=15000; } } } }

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