Lecture 38 Statics

d1 m1 d2 m2

Statics:
Statics is the study of systems that dont move. Ladders, Stability of solid objects Balanced objects Buildings, Suspension bridges All the forces have to balance, the system is in equilibrium

+ CM

F = 0 = 0

Chinese Golden Dragon Acrobats Physics 1301: Lecture 38, Pg 1

Chinese Golden Dragon Acrobats

Clifton Suspension Bridge Physics 1301: Lecture 38, Pg 2

Statics:
Example: What are all of the forces acting on a stationary car parked on a hill? y N f x

Car on Hill:
Use Newtons 2nd Law: FNET = MACM = 0 A Resolve this into x and y components: x: f - mg sin = 0 f = mg sin y: N - mg cos = 0 N = mg cos Knowing m and we can solve for f and N
Physics 1301: Lecture 38, Pg 3

F = 0

y N f

mg g

mg g

Physics 1301: Lecture 38, Pg 4

Using Torque:
Now consider a plank of mass M suspended by two strings as shown. We want to find the tension in each string:

Using Torque...
We do have more information: We know the plank is not rotating! NET = I = 0

First use F = 0 T1 + T2 = Mg

T1

T2 x cm L/2 L/4 Mg y x
Physics 1301: Lecture 38, Pg 5

= 0
M

T1

T2 x cm L/2 M

This is no longer enough to solve the problem! 1 equation, 2 unknowns. We need more information!!

The sum of all torques is zero! This is true about any axis we choose! Mg

L/4 y x
Physics 1301: Lecture 38, Pg 6

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Using Torque...
Choose the rotation axis to be along the z direction (out of the slide) through the CM: The torque due to the string T1 on the right about this axis is: T2 x cm L/2 L/4 y x M

Using Torque...
Since the sum of all torques must be 0:

T2

L L T = 0 4 12
T1 T2 x cm M

T2 = 2T1
We already found that T1 + T2 = Mg

2 = T2

L 4

L/2

The torque due to the string on the left about this axis is:

L 1 = T1 2

Mg Gravity exerts no torque about the CM

T1 =

1 Mg 3 2 T2 = Mg 3

L/4 Mg y x
Physics 1301: Lecture 38, Pg 8

Physics 1301: Lecture 38, Pg 7

Using Torque...
We could have done it taking torques about other axes Taking torques about T2

Comment: Center of Mass & Statics

The center of mass is at the point where the system balances! Sum of all gravitational torques about an axis through the CM = 0!

Mg
T1 =

L 3L T1 =0 4 4
1 Mg 3

T1

T2 x cm L/2 L/4 Mg y M

m1d 1 m 2 d 2 = 0
d1 m2 = d 2 m1
x m1

d1 CM

d2

Taking torques about T1

m2

3L L T2 Mg = 0 4 2 2 T2 = Mg 3

Remember, definition of Center of Mass

mixi = Mxcm = 0 = -m1d1+m2d2 if the origin is at xcm

Physics 1301: Lecture 38, Pg 10

Physics 1301: Lecture 38, Pg 9

ICQ: Mobile
A (static) mobile hangs as shown below. The rods are massless and have lengths as indicated. The mass of the ball at the bottom right is 1kg. What is the total mass of the mobile? (a) 5 kg (b) 6 kg (c) 7 kg 1m 2m 1 kg 1m 3m
Physics 1301: Lecture 38, Pg 11

ICQ: Mobile
A (static) mobile hangs as shown below. The rods are massless and have lengths as indicated. The mass of the ball at the bottom right is 1kg. What is the total mass of the mobile? (a) 5 kg (b) 6 kg (c) 7 kg 1m 2m 1 kg 1m 3m
Physics 1301: Lecture 38, Pg 12

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ICQ: Mobile Solution

First figure out M1.

ICQ: Mobile Solution

Now figure out M2.

( 3m )( 1kg ) = ( 1m )M1
So the bottom part has a total mass of 4 kg.

M 1 = 3 kg

( 1m)( 4kg ) = ( 2m)M2

M 2 = 2 kg

2 kg 1m 3 kg M1 1m 3m
Physics 1301: Lecture 38, Pg 13

M2 2 kg 1m 2m

2m 1 kg 4 kg

Physics 1301: Lecture 38, Pg 14

ICQ: Mobile Solution

So the total mass of the mobile is: 1 kg + 3 kg + 2 kg = 6 kg Answer (b) 2kg 1m 3 kg 1m 3m
Physics 1301: Lecture 38, Pg 15

Approach to Statics:
In general, we can use the two equations

F = 0
to solve any statics problem.

= 0

2m 1 kg

When choosing axes about which to calculate torque, we can be clever and make the problem easy....

Physics 1301: Lecture 38, Pg 16

ICQ:Statics
A 1 kg ball is hung at the end of a uniform rod 1 m long. The system balances at a point on the rod 0.25 m from the end holding the mass. What is the mass of the rod? (a) 0.5 kg (b) 1 kg 1m 1 kg 1 kg (c) 2 kg

ICQ:Statics
A 1 kg ball is hung at the end of a uniform rod 1 m long. The system balances at a point on the rod 0.25 m from the end holding the mass. What is the mass of the rod? (a) 0.5 kg (b) 1 kg 1m (c) 2 kg

Physics 1301: Lecture 38, Pg 17

Physics 1301: Lecture 38, Pg 18

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ICQ: Statics: Solution A

The total torque about the pivot must be zero. The center of mass of the rod is at its center, 0.25 m to the right of the pivot. Since this must balance the ball, which is the same distance to the left of the pivot, the masses must be the same! same distance X 1 kg CM of rod 1 kg

ICQ: Statics: Solution B

Since the system is not rotating, the x-coordinate of the CM of the system must be the same as the pivot. The center of mass of the rod is at its center, 0.25 m to the right of the pivot. Since the CM of the ball is 0.25 m to the left of the pivot, the mass of the rod must be 1 kg to make xCM = 0. -.25 m .25 m X

mROD = 1 kg

mROD = 1 kg
CM of rod

x
Physics 1301: Lecture 38, Pg 19 Physics 1301: Lecture 38, Pg 20

Arm strength
You wish to measure the strength of your biceps muscle by exerting a force on the test strap has shown in the figure. The strap is 28 cm from the pivot point of the elbow; and your biceps muscle is attached at a point 5 cm from the pivot point. If the scale reads 18 N when you exert your maximum force, what force is exerted by the biceps muscle?

Example: Ye Olde Inn Sign

A sign of mass M hangs from the end of a rod of mass m and length L. One end of the rod is held to a wall by a hinge, and the other end is supported by a massless string that makes an angle with the rod. (The hinge supplies a force to hold the end of the rod in place.) What is the tension in the string? What are the forces supplied by the hinge on the rod?

= 0
0 = +18 N 28 cm F 5 cm F= 18 N 28cm = 101 N 5 cm

m F M
Physics 1301: Lecture 38, Pg 21 Physics 1301: Lecture 38, Pg 22

hinge

Ye Olde Inn Sign

Draw all the forces on the rod. Three unknowns, T,Fx,Fy, need three equations T cos + Fx = 0 T sin + Fy - Mg - mg = 0 m L/2 mg L/2 Use the fact that F = 0 in both x and y directions: x: y: y x T Fy Fx
T =
Fx =

Ye Olde Inn Sign

So we have three equations and three unknowns: T cos + Fx = 0 T sin + Fy - Mg - mg = 0
LM g + L m g -L T s in = 0 2 T s in = M g + mg 2

y x

which we can solve to find:

Now use = 0 in the z direction. If we choose the rotation axis to be through the hinge then the hinge forces Fx and Fy will not M enter into the torque equation:

(M + m 2) g
M +m tan

T m L/2 M Mg
Physics 1301: Lecture 38, Pg 24

sin

Fy Fx

)g 2

LM g +

L m g -L T sin = 0 2

Mg

L/2 mg

(Remember torque=Force x distance of closest approach)

Physics 1301: Lecture 38, Pg 23

Fy =

1 mg 2

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Ye Olde Inn Sign, another way

Torque about left end of the rod

Ye Olde Inn Sign

mg 2
For our Inn sign

Fy L = mg

L 2

Fy =

Torque about centre of gravity of the rod L L L Mg + F y = T sin 2 2 2 m M + 2 g T= sin Resolving horizontally

M18N, m3N, 45o

y x T m L/2 L/2 mg Fy Fx M Mg
Physics 1301: Lecture 38, Pg 25 Physics 1301: Lecture 38, Pg 26

m M + 2 g T= sin T 28 N
m

x T L/2 mg L/2 Fy Fx

F x + T co s = 0 m M + 2 g Fx = ta n
M Mg

Homework
Read Chapter 11, sections 1-3, we dont do section 4 but read it for your own interest. Do problem Chapter 11 #8

Physics 1301: Lecture 38, Pg 27

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