The views expressed in this paper are the views of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the

views or policies of the Asian Development Bank (ADB), or its Board of Governors, or the governments they represent. ADB does not guarantee the accuracy of the data included in this paper and accepts no responsibility for any consequence of their use. The countries listed in this paper do not imply any view on ADB's part as to sovereignty or independent status or necessarily conform to ADB's terminology.

Moving From Project Results to Sector and Country Results

How can we collect and collate gender results data across projects and sectors at the country level? Some thoughts from Bangladesh Ferdousi Sultana Bangladesh Resident Mission

Results Framework for Gender Equity in ADB Program

Gender Equality Promoted in Bangladesh

1. Women Economically Benefited (Empowered) and Livelihoods Improved

2. Womens Human Development and Social Protection Improved

3. Womens Participation in Decision Making Increased

Received wage employment -short and long term Jobs created in institution/project Self employment generated (microcredit) Accessed finance and business development services for entrepreneurship Accessed jobs under Labor Contracting Society (LCS) Accessed markets and productive assets (land, seeds, fertilizers, extension services) for increasing incomes Accessed community resources and services (water body, land, infrastructure, forest, energy)

Accessed primary and maternal health care services Women health providers Child birth under trained birth attendants Modern contraceptive methods used Primary education completed Secondary education completed Support services accessed (hostel, accommodation etc.) Women teachers trained Water supply and sanitation services received

Strengthened knowledge and capacity for participation in public sphere (leadership skills acquired) Represented in local government institutions and their committees

Non-formal Education Cycle completed

Vocations skills received Benefitted from social protection and food security services and mitigation measures (stipend etc.)

Membership in associations (WMA, WMCA, committees on urban health, community development, MMC, water user, slum improvement, school management, cooperatives) Represented in decision making forums (Executive/Management Committees)

This framework has been developed through a process of regular consultation and discussion within the gender Team of BRM and was shared with SARD and RSDD
The indicators in the result areas are based on the project/programs in Bangladesh. Inputs are welcome to refine it.

How can we use it?

Result areas can be more but these are being considered as the main result areas in promoting gender equality

Indicators needs to be specified, defined and be country/context/ specific for each area
This framework can give results at a particular point of time as projects/ programs are at different stages of the lifecycle Can be used for a project/program to measure results at completion Can be used for sector as well as at particular point of time or several projects at completion Time series data can be collected for specific projects/programs and sectors from the quarterly reports for compilation of results The EAs can be oriented how their actions translates into results

Points to be noted
Initially we used the term economic empowerment for the first result area and then replaced it by benefit as empowerment can only happen when control over resources/earning is established. Control over resources/income demands separate qualitative assessment with proxy indicators Initially we included leadership skills developed as indicators but deleted because- capacity building as result demands proxy indicators. Also there is possibility of adding oranges with apples- lumping different types of capacity together Gender-inclusive physical infrastructure has not been included though included in the RFI- They are important and relevant as services as well as support mechanisms- we are not sure where to put it Need suggestions Process oriented indicators like participation in consultation- or capacity building training have not been included Social protection data considers mitigation measures as well as benefits given in non-crisis period - measuring resilience against shocks needs qualitative assessment with proxy indicators

Data related to wage or self employment may be overrepresented as there is chance of same person being engaged in several contracts- or one person receiving several consecutive loans-- applicable for both women and men Same member of water user groups, sanitation groups, WMCAs or cooperatives may be general members, and EC members or representative in several groups, and therefore, can be over represented

Level of participation in decision making forums can be collected easily but will increase the number of sub-indicators
Gender-inclusive physical infrastructure needs criteria in each type of infrastructure may again become addition of apple and oranges

Jobs opportunities created in institutions/ projects leads to income enhancement but job creation at certain levels may lead to increased participation in decision making. Then it would be relevant for result area 3 and there is a chance of duplication. This also demands further data collection by employment level. Avoiding duplication and keeping the exercise simple

Findings
GAP needs streamlining with result areas and related identified outputs to fully capture the results under the framework Process or output indicators in the GAP though not captured in this framework but are essential to get to the results. Therefore, GAPs should consider both. Many actions under GAP may remain uncaptured. Important qualitative aspects cannot be quantified but need to be captured separately such as- policy reform, measures, supports mechanisms etc. DMF needs to be explicit with specific indicators should mention both number and % of women/ households etc. to be benefited. GAP results should be consistent with them Sex disaggregated MIS is also not always maintaining all required data Average results is reported - Projects need analyze and work to improve situation where there is less progress. Area/ethnicity etc. based assessments by projects through MIS data analysis is important

Findings (Continued)
There is tendency of over reporting due to duplication or political pressure etc. One project can have limited number of items under the key result areas Quarterly reports capture outputs Compiling numerical and qualitative information from quarterly progress reports can give results but in certain areas qualitative assessments are needed

Resources (human, finance, time ) are required do qualitative assessment and to reach at the compiled result

Laws/Policies Formulated/ Reformed and Supporting Actions Taken to Promote Gender Equity

Legislation, policies, rules formulated and measures taken for promoting womens rights and eliminating discrimination and barriers
Gender responsive guidelines and tools (planning, budgeting and monitoring) introduced

Sex disaggregated data base/information

Results Framework for Gender Equity in ADB Program

Gender Equality Promoted in Bangladesh

Women Economically Empowered and Livelihoods Improved

Womens Human Development and Social Protection Improved

Womens Participation in Decision Making Increased

Laws/Policies Developed / Reformed and Supporting / Institutional Actions Taken to Promote gender equity

Received wage employment -short and long term Jobs created in institution/project Self employment generated Access to financial services Access to finance for business development services for entrepreneurship Job under Labor Contracting Society (LCS) Access to markets and productive assets (land, seeds, fertilizers and extension services) for increasing incomes. Access to community resources (water body, land, infrastructure, forest, energy)

Accessed primary and maternal health care Women health providers Child birth under trained birth attendants Use of modern contraceptives Primary education completed Secondary education completed Access to support services (hostel, accommodation etc.) Number of women teachers trained Water supply and sanitation services received Non-formal education cycle completed Vocations skills received Benefitted from social protection and food security services and mitigation measures (stipend etc.)

Strengthened knowledge and capacity for participation in public sphere (leadership skills acquired) Represented in local government structure (town level and ward level committees, gender and environment committees, cooperatives) Represented in decision making forums and associations (WMA, WMCA, committees on urban health, community development, MMC, slum improvement, school management)

Legislation, policies, rules formulated and measures taken for promoting womens rights and eliminating discrimination and barriers Gender responsive guidelines and tools (planning, budgeting, monitoring) introduced Sex disaggregated data base/information collected