EXPERIMENT 4 Crushing Test

AIM:
To determine crushing value of the road aggregate To assess suitability of aggregates for use different types of road pavements.

CONCEPT AND SIGNIFICANCE OF THE TEST:

The principal mechanical properties required in road stones are: Satisfactory resistance to crushing under the roller during construction. Adequate resistance to surface abrasion under traffic. The Aggregate crushing value gives a relative measure of the resistance of an aggregate to crushing under a gradually applied compressive load. It is the percentage by weight of the crushed material obtained when the test aggregate are subjected to a specified load under standard conditions, and is the numerical index of the strength of the aggregates used in the road construction. Aggregates used in road construction, should be enough to resist crushing under traffic wheel loads. If the aggregates are weak, the stability of the pavement structure is likely to be adversely affected. The strength of coarse aggregates is assessed by aggregates crushing test. Aggregate possessing low crushing value should be preferred.

APPARATUS:
The apparatus for the standard aggregate crushing as per IS: 2386 (Part IV) 1963 consists of the following: 1) A test mould of 15.2 cm. Diameter open-ended cylinder with a square base plate, plunger having a piston of dia. 15 cm. with a hole provided across the stem of the plunger so that a rod could be inserted for lifting or placing the plunger in the cylinder. A straight metal tamping rod of circular cross section 16 mm in diameter and 45 60 cm long, rounded at one end. A balance of capacity not less than 500 g, readable and accurate up to 0.1 g. IS sieves of sizes 12.5 mm, 10mm and 2.36 mm.

2) to 3) 4)

5) A compression testing machine capable of applying load up to 40 tonnes at a uniform rate of 4 ton per minute. 6) A cylindrical measure having inter diameter of 11.5cm and height 18 cm.

PROCEDURE:
The material for standard test sample consists of aggregates size 10 mm to 12.5 mm. The aggregates should be in the surface dry condition before testing. The aggregates may be dried by heating at100 110C for not more than 4 hours and cooled to room temperature before testing, if necessary. 1) Sieve the material through 12.5 mm and 10.0 mm IS sieves. The aggregates passing through 12.5 mm sieve and retained on 10.0 mm sieve comprises the test material. 2) Take about 3.25 kg of this sample. 3) Pour the aggregate to fill about 1/3rd depth of measuring cylinder. 4) Compact the material by giving 25 gentle blows with rounded end of the tamping

5) 6)

7) 8) three

rod. Add two layers in similar manner, so that cylinder is full. Remove the excess material with a straight edge. The quantity contained in the measuring cylinder is that amount of aggregates which will be used to prepare the test specimen. Empty the cylinder and weight the aggregates, accurate up to 1 gram. Transfer the whole of this weighed the quantity to the test mould by filling it in

layers in the same manner as for cylindrical measure. The total depth of the sample is about 10 cms and the surface a little below the top of mould. 9) Level off the surface and place the plunger over it so that it rests horizontally on the surface of the aggregate. 10) Place this assembly on the pedestal of compression testing machine. 11) Apply the load at a uniform rate of 4 tonnes per minutes until the total applied load is 40 tonnes. 12) Release the load. 13) Take the aggregates out of cylinder and sieve them through 2.36 mm IS sieve. Weight this fraction is a measure of loss of material due to crushing. 14) Note down the observations in the proforma and compute the aggregate crushing value. The mean of two observations, rounded to nearest whole number is reported as the Aggregate Crushing Value.

INTERPRETATION OF RESULTS:
The suitability of aggregates is adjudged, dependent upon its proposed use in the pavement layers. The table given below lays down specified limits of percent aggregate crushing value, for different types of road construction. Sr. no. 1. a. b. c. d. e. 2. a. Type of Pavement Flexible pavements Soling Water Bound Macadam Bituminous Macadam Bituminous surface dressing / thin premix carpet Dense mix carpet Rigid pavements Cement concrete base course Max. Aggregate Crushing Value % 50 40 40 30 30 45

b.

Surface or wearing course

30

OBSERVATION:
Sr. No. 1. 2. 3. 4. Description Total Weight of the Aggregate taken W1 (gm) Weight of aggregate retained on 2.36 mm IS sieve, W2 (gm) Weight of aggregate passing through 2.36 mm IS sieve W3 = W1 W2 (gm) Aggregate Crushing Value = (W3 / W1) x 100 in % Average 1 2 3

CALCULATIONS (For Sample 1):

Weight of the dry sample W 1 gm = Weight of fraction retained on 2.36 mm IS sieve W 2 gm = Aggregate passing through 2.36 mm sieve weight W 1 W 2 Crushing value percentage = (W 3 / W 1 ) * 100 = % gm gm =

gm

PRECAUTION:
that care and passing the sieve should not differ from the original weight of the specimen by more by than 1 gm. The tamping should be done properly by gentle dropping the tamping rod and not hammering action. Also the tamping should be uniform over the surface of the aggregate taking care that the tamping rod does not frequently strike against the walls of the road. the entire load is transmitted on to the aggregates. In the operation of sieving the aggregate through 2.36 mm sieve and weighing should be taken to avoid loss of fines. The sum of weights of fractions retained The plunger should be placed centrally and rest directly on the aggregates. Care should be taken that it does not touch the walls of the cylinder in order to ensure