1.

Solve this ODE (4xy + 3y 2 x)dx + x(x + 2y)dy = 0 show whether it is exact or not M (x, y) = y = N (x, y) = x = (4xy + 3y 2 x) y 4x + 6y (x2 + 2xy) x 2x + 2y

(x,y) (x,y) because My = Nx so the ODE is not exact We use Integration Factor assume z = (x, y) in such way

(x, y)M (x, y)dx + (x, y)N (x, y)dy = 0 is Exact ODE, so M y M M+ y y M N y x M N ( ) y x = = = = N x N N+ x x N M x y N M x y N M x y ...............(1) M N y x

So, we use equation (1) with a condition z = (x) = = =

N x M N y x (x2 + 2xy) x 2 +2xy) (4xy+3y 2 x) (x x y (x2 + 2xy) x

4x + 6y 2x 2y 1

= = = 2 1 = x = = = = =

(x2 x x

+ 2xy) 2x + 4y

1 2 x x 2 ln x + Co 2 ln x ln x2 ln x2 ln x2 ln x2

2 1 x 2 x 1 1 ln + C1 ln + C2 ln + C2 C2

= C2 = eC2 = kx2

If we take k = 1 so we get = x2 x2 (4xy + 3y 2 x)dx + x2 (x(x + 2y))dy = 0 (4x3 y + 3x2 y 2 x3 )dx + (x4 + 2x3 y)dy = 0 (4x3 y + 3x2 y 2 x3 ) = 4x3 + 6yx2 y (x4 + 2x3 y) = 4x3 + 6x2 y x The ODE is exact, then we solve it F (x, y) = 4x3 y + 3x2 y 2 x3 dx F (x, y) = (4x3 y + 3x2 y 2 x3 )dx F (x, y) = (4x3 y + 3x2 y 2 x3 )dx

x4 + y 4 F (x, y) dy = x4 + 2x3 y + dy dy F (x, y) = x4 y + x3 y 2 2

x4 + 2x3 y = x4 + 2x3 y + dy dy C = y 0 = So, F (x, y) = x4 y + x3 y 2 2. Solve this equation

x4 4

dy dy

+C

(x + y)2 dx xydy = 0

We solve this problem by using Separated Variable Technic Suppose that: y = vx dy = v x + vx dy = xdv + vdx

Then we have:

(x + vx)2 dx x(vx)(xdv + vdx) (x2 + vx2 + x2 v + v 2 x2 )dx (vx2 (xdv + vdx)) x2 dx + vx2 dx + x2 vdx + v 2 x2 dx (vx3 dv + v 2 x2 dx) x2 dx + 2vx2 dx vx3 dv (x2 + 2vx2 )dx (vx3 )dv x2 (1 + 2v)dx (x3 v)dv

= = = = = =

0 0 0 0 0 0

we have already know that f1 g1 dx + f2 g2 dv = 0 f1 g2 dx + dv = 0 f2 g1 3

so we get, x2 v dv = 0 dx 3 x 1 + 2v v 1 dx dv = 0 x 1 + 2v we solve it by using substitution method

v dv 1+2v

We assume that: u = 1 + 2v du = 2dv du dv = 2 v = 1 + 2v v du u 2

v 1 = ( )( du) 2 u v = ln|u| + c1 2 v ln|1 + 2v| + c1 = 2 And then we get v ln(x) + C0 ( )(ln|1 + 2v|) + C1 = 0..........................................(1) 2

y We subtitute: v = ( x ) to equation (1) then we get

ln(x) (

y 2y )(ln|1 + |) + C = 0 2x x