Renewable Energy Sources

9/24/2011
DR.A.M.SURENDRA KUMAR
1.IMPORTANCEOFRENEWABLEENERGYINTRODUCTION
2.TYPESOFRENEWABLEENERGY 3.SOLARENERGY A.SOLARRADITATION&ITSMEASUREMENT B.SOLARENERGYCOLLECTORS C.SOLARENERGYSTORAGE D.APPLCATIONOFSOLARENERGY 4.WINDENERGY 5.BIOMASS 6.GEOTHERMAL 7.OTEC 8.FUELCELL 9.HYBRIDENERGYSYSTEM
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1. Tiwari G N & M K Ghosal Renewable Energy Resources; Narosa Publishers 2005 2. Rai G .D., Non-Conventional Energy Sources, Khanna Publishers, New Delhi, Fourth Edition, February 2008
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Importance of Renewable Energy
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RenewableEnergy
Whatisrenewableenergy? Whatformsdoesittake? Whyisitneeded? Targetsexistforrenewableenergytogenerate10% ofelectricityby2010and20%by2020! Canthesebeachieved? Whatformsofrenewableenergywilldeliverthese targets?
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ENERGYCONSUMPTION:
The std of living of a given country can be directly related to per capita incomeofacountry.
Percapitaenergyconsumptionisameasureofthepercapitaincomeofa
country. PercapitaincomeofUSAisabout50timesmorethanpercapitaincome ofIndia,soalsopercapitaenergyconsumption.
PercapitaenergyconsumptioninUSAis8000kWh. USA with 7% of worlds population consumes 32% of the total energy consumedintheworld,whereasIndia,adevelopingcountrywith20%of theworldpopulationconsumesonly1%ofthetotalenergyconsumedin theworld.
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WhatisRenewableEnergy?
Renewableenergyisasourceofenergythatcanneverbeexhausted. Wecanobtainrenewableenergy fromthesun(solarenergy), fromthewater(hydropower), fromthewind(windmills), fromhotdryrocks,magma,hotwatersprings(geothermal)and evenfromfirewood,animalmanure,cropresiduesandwaste(Biomass). FromOceanThermalEnergyconversion(OTEC)
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RENEWABLE/NONRENEWABLEENERGY
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Howareenergy needssuppliedinWorld?
%age contributionsofvariousenergy sourcesintheyear2002 Totalconsumptionwas451 exajoules(EJ)

SourceDTIenergyStatistics
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ElectricityGenerationbyRenewable
SourceDTiEnergystatistics2000
POLICY IMPLICATION FOR RENEWABLE ENERGY:

Some industry critics claim we will never power civilization with renewable energy. Fact: Wind & solar are fastest-growing primary power sources, but are unlikely to grow from present ~ 1% of supply to 10% by 2025 and >30% by 2050 without major incentives, R & D and demonstration of enabling technologies. There are no known show-stoppers
Energy Demand 1980-2020 (BAU)
Mbarrels/day oil equiv.
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The various forms of energy depend primarily on incoming solar radiation , which totals around 5.4 million EJ/year Around 30% is reflected back into space. The remaining 70% is in principle available for use on earth, and amounts to approximatly3.8 billions EJ , more than 10000 times more than the rate of consumption of fossil and nuclear fuels, some 370 EJ in 2002
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Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy Resources Environmental Studies
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Efficiencies
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Solutions:We have the answers!

Renewable Energy Resources!
Biomass Hydroelectric power Geothermal Solarpassive and active Wind generation Hydrogen power
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Using Solar Energy to Provide Heat and Electricity Passive solar heating Active solar heating
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Applicationofsolar:
Heatingandcoolingofresidentialbuilding Solarwaterheating Solardryingofagriculturalandanimalproducts Solardistillation Solarcookers Solarenginesforwaterpumping Foodrefrigeration Solarfurnaces SolarproductionofHydrogen SolarGreenhouse Solarelectricpowerusingphotovoltaiccells.
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Using Solar Energy to Provide HighTemperature Heat and Electricity

Solar Cell Trade-Offs
Solar thermal systems Photovoltaic (PV) cells
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PhotovoltaicCells
SINGLEPVCELLPRODUCE1.5WATT GROUP OF CELS CONNECTED TO FORM RECTAGULARMODULES
MODULESCONNECTEDTOGETHERARRAYS
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Producing Electricity from Wind
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Producing Energy from Biomass Biofuels Biomass plantations Crop residues Animal manure Biogas Ethanol Methanol
The Solar-Hydrogen Revolution

Extracting hydrogen efficiently Storing hydrogen Fuel cells
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Energy storage Options

ELECTRICITY DEMAND
H2 DEMAND
H2 Electricity
Flywheels (highpower)
H2 STORAGE
Batteries (convenience)
CompressedAir Turbines
FLY WHEELS
(lowcapitalcost)
FuelCells (hydrogen)
Turbine
Underground Compressed Air

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BATTERIES
RENEWABLE ENERGY SOURCES
FUEL CELLS
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Geothermal Energy
Geothermal reservoirs Dry steam Wet steam Hot water Molten rock Hot dry-rock zones
Geothermal Reservoirs
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Renewable Energy Sources

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9/24/2011

Importance of Renewable Energy

9/24/2011 DR.A.M.SURENDRA KUMAR

%age contributionsofvariousenergy sourcesintheyear2002 Totalconsumptionwas451 exajoules(EJ)

POLICY IMPLICATION FOR RENEWABLE ENERGY:

Energy Demand 1980-2020 (BAU)

Mbarrels/day oil equiv.

Mbarrels/day oil equiv.

Mbarrels/day oil equiv.

Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy Resources Environmental Studies

Solutions:We have the answers!

Using Solar Energy to Provide HighTemperature Heat and Electricity

Solar thermal systems Photovoltaic (PV) cells

SINGLEPVCELLPRODUCE1.5WATT GROUP OF CELS CONNECTED TO FORM RECTAGULARMODULES

Producing Electricity from Wind

The Solar-Hydrogen Revolution

Energy storage Options

Underground Compressed Air

RENEWABLE ENERGY SOURCES

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