Journal of Computer Applications (JCA) ISSN: 0974-1925, Volume V, Issue 3, 2012

A Study on Progress of Citizens Centric E-Governance services in West Bengal

Dr. Manas Kumar Sanyal a,*, Sudhangsu Das b,1, Sajal Bhadra c,2 Abstract - Government services in electronic format are improving service delivery more effective, transparent and faster. Adopting of e-Governance is helping to reach out all the government services at door step anywhere and anytime to all the stake holders. In this journey, Government of West Bengal (GoWB) doesnt much more behind from other states in India, trying to roll out all government services through e-Governance service, also trying to achieve international level in term of eGovernance service delivery quality. In direction of Government of India, GoWB has implemented a number of remarkable e-Governance projects to establish fast, flawless and real time connection across all the villages, Cities, Blocks, and District head quarters. Stratified sampling techniques have been used for collecting data from different stakeholders in selected district in West Bengal to cover most of project those are serving mostly common citizens demand. Authors have tried to quantify the progress and to figure out the road map of eGovernance projects in West Bengal.
Index Terms E-GOVERNANCE, WBSDC, KMC, E-Kolkata, CSC, Telemedicine, WBSWAN, E-District, ICT, NEGP

E-Governance is the application of electronic means to improve the interaction between government and citizens; and to increase the administrative effectiveness and efficiency in the internal government operations. The main e-Governance services is being classified into four categories [2] asA. G to C Government to Citizen Administration Inter-government enterprise Control, monitor and distribution B. G to B Government to Business Tenders (e-tenders) Contract Management Tax C. G to G Inter/Intra Govt. Employees Registration/Land/Revenue Services Hospital Services Agricultural services D. G to E Government to Employee Policy Enforcement Standards Accountability This study is being discussed in context of GoWB e Governance projects. According to Information Technology Policy in the year 2003, GoWB is also started to implement e-Governance service in all government sector for efficiency, transparency and speeding up the work [3]. Already GoWB implemented some e-governance services for all category of citizens like- Child: Birth Certificate, Health Care Student: School Admission, Scholarships, e-learning, Examination result. Youth: Employment services, Vehicle registration, drivers license, passport/visa Family: Agriculture, Land record, property registration, Marriage certificate, Taxes, Utility services, municipality services. Old age: Pension, insurance, health care, death certificate. GoWB also implementing some government services with the help of GI under NeGP plan like CSC, West Bengal State Wide Area Network (WBSWAN), West Bengal State Data Centre (WBSDC), Agriculture Information System Network (AGRISNET) etc [4, 5]. With the implementation of various e-governance projects, GoWB also organized a Workshop on e-Governance on 14th September 2005[6] to 93

I. INTRODUCTION In the fast globalizing world economy of today, governments the world over are recognizing the importance of Information and Communications Technology (ICT) in development. An increasing number of Electronic Government (eGovernment) initiatives are being employed to improve the delivery of public services to the people, and to tap the potential synergy from the interaction between new technologies, an educated population and an enabling environment for the attainment of knowledge-based economies [1].
Manuscript received 10/Sept/2012. Manuscript selected 18/Sept/2012. Dr.Manas Kumar Sanyal, Head & Assistant Professor, Department of Business Administration, University of Kalyani, West Bengal, India, E-mail:manas_sanyal@rediffmail.com. Sudhnagsu Das, Research Scholar, Department of Business Administration, University of Kalyani, West Bengal, India,E-mail: iamsud@gmail.com. Sajal Bhadra, Department of Business Administration, University of Kalyani, West Bengal, India, E-mail: abhijit_jis@gmail.com.

A Study on Progress of Citizens Centric E-Governance services in West Bengal

take stock of the various e-Governance initiatives taken by the selected departments and to motivate others to use the technology for the service delivery to the citizens. Because GoWB trust that any departments in isolation cannot make visible effect on the service delivery until and unless the efforts of the departments are coordinated and shared. IMPORTANCE OF E- GOVERNANCE IN WEST BENGAL The rise of the Internet and the rapid expansion of electronic information present new challenges to GoWB to building a citizen-centric, inclusive and information-driven welfare Society which strives to make available all the services and facilities offered by the Government with minimum bureaucratic and procedural formalities. The main aim of the E-Governance project is about to Delivery government services to anytime, anywhere. Provide government services in the form of electronic. Transform the traditional government to good government by making it accessible, transparent, effective, responsive and accountable. Building strong and effective information chain. Fast and convenient service to citizens. Participation in the world economy. Effective utilization of resources. Integration of communities. Reduction in delays, Red tape and corruption. III. LITERATURE REVIEW According to the World Bank (World Bank, 2005), eGovernment refers to the use by government agencies of Internet, and mobile computing) that have the ability to transform relations with citizens, businesses, and other arms of government. On the other hand Carter and Belanger II.

(2005) states, the relationship of government with recipients of its electronic services is characterized as; government to citizen (G2C), government to business (G2B); government to employees (G2E); government to government (G2G). In a comprehensive review of the e-government studies within above mentioned relationships, Titah and Barki (2006) concluded that the most e-government studies fall under five distinct categories that explore the influence of; a) managerial practices, b) individual and organizational characteristics, c) IT characteristics, d) measurement of egovernment, e) government subcultures; on e-government adoption . The study by Mrinalini Shah (2007) highlights on Indian e-Governance dream or reality and concluded that most of the project meets the cataloguing and transaction stage but still need to integrate vertically and horizontally. Kalsi, Kiran & Vaidya(2009) is of the opinion that The government in India has been continuously endeavouring to provide citizen services in a better manner throughout the all states to provide better governance. K. Bagga and Piyush Gupta (2009) in their books identified four critical issue to implement e-Governance services like 1)Building capacity for implementation, 2)Management of the complete project life cycle, 3)Enterprise architecture model, integration and interoperability,4)Socio-political implementation of eGovernance. The GoWB is fully committed to bridge the digital Divide in the state to meet the citizen demand. As commitment, The GoWB has developed citizen centric applications in major departments. Some of the applications have been rolled out in the State as pilot and some of them need funding for the rollout. Some selective e-Governance project among them is listed in Table I:

IV. RESEARCH METHODOLOGY The present study is based on the analysis of both the primary as well as secondary data. A set of questionnaires and response sheet has been used to collect primary data from the common people, availing e-Governance services. Same way data is being collected from the government stuff, CSC operators and system administrator of e-Governance projects to analyze the qualitative part of this study. Non-probability purposive sampling is used to find out the stake holder of the data collection. For the secondary data we have reviewed lot of governments websites, published data and articles.

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Journal of Computer Applications (JCA) ISSN: 0974-1925, Volume V, Issue 3, 2012

V. GOWB E-GOVERNANCE INITIATIVES FOR COMMON CITIZENS Table I: e-Governance Projects in West Bengal and Deliverable Services with Progress Name of the Project Computerization of land records (Land & Land Reforms) WBSWAN Deliverable Service Electronic transformation of Land Registration Information into Central Server. Computerize digitization of Cadastral maps. The Block head quarters are dispensing computerized record of rights to the land owners. Land Acquisition Information System has been recently developed to ensure speedy disposal of land acquisition cases. Various reports relating to notification, declarations, land schedule, estimate preparation etc. speedily and efficiently. An Optical Fiber Network that connects Kolkata to 19 Districts to provides connectivity of Data, Voice & Video Communication. Progress The land records and cadastral maps have been computerized for all the 341 Blocks and 42309 mouzas of the state. A Pilot Project has been taken up in Hooghly district for online mutation of the land records with features like biometric features, scanner and integration between land records and cadastral maps.

WBSDC

Geographical Information System (GIS)for Municipalities

Provide Central Data Repository of the State, Secure Data Storage, Disaster Recovery, Remote Management and Service Integration. Provides municipal governments with extraordinary quantitative and qualitative benefits for revolutionizing the government processes work. A comprehensive municipal GIS should provide a common platform for data collection, storage, authorized and secure access to spatial data. Municipal GIS will largely address the needs of various local government departments. IT enabling of internal processes of District Administration and its subordinate offices to increase functional efficiency Automation of workflow and internal processes of District Administration. Seamless integration of various departments for providing services to the citizens by integrating various District databases. Providing efficient individual department services through delivery channels like Common Service Centers (CSCs). To provide easy access to government services to common people, especially the people belonging to Scheduled Castes, Scheduled Tribes and women. Creation of IT infrastructure for rolling out e-Governance plan right up to Block levels. Develop capacities of human resources of Government to operate & maintain IT enabled systems and applications with confidence and provide services to the people effectively and efficiently.

E- District

Network is established for 19 districts through 341 Blocks, 62 subs divisional Headquarters, 3354 Gram Panchayats and 125 Municipalities. GoWB Set up four storied building with floor area of 5000 sq ft, in the Webel Campus Salt Lake, Kolkata Geographical Information System (GIS) has been implemented in 10 Municipalities in the State. The spatial data survey and implementation of GIS for Pujali, Kurseong, Budge Budge, Kalimpong and Bidhan Nagar Municipalities have already been complete. Hon'ble Chief Minister of West Bengal Shri Buddhadeb Bhattacharjee inaugurated the edistrict project through video conferencing from Writers' Building with Jalpaiguri and Bankura districts on 27th Sep, 2010[6].

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A Study on Progress of Citizens Centric E-Governance services in West Bengal

Panchayats & Rural Development

Public interfaces through Info kiosks/websites

Education Department

Tourism Department Kolkata Police

The Department has developed Integrated Fund Monitoring & Accounting System (IFMAS) and rolling it out in the Zilla Parishads & Panchayat Samities. The Department has developed Gram Panchayat Management System (GPMS) and GIS based decentralized Information System and rolling out in the PRIs. GPMS has been introduced in 45 GPs. Integrated Panchyat Planning and Management System (IPPMS) is a pilot project to computerize 20 Panchayat Samities for Integrated Fund Monitoring and Accounting System softwares. The DIT,GOI recommends in the National e-Governance Plan to set up the Common Service Centres (CSCs) in the premises of the Panchayat Samities and the Gram Panchayats. Grasso, the Gramin Sanchar Society, an NGO, has been selected by the Dept of Panchayat & Rural Development to share their valuable field level experience in establishing the citizen centric Information Centres. An Interactive kiosk is a computer terminal that provides information access via electronic methods. Most kiosks provide unattended access to web applications. It can provide services in different kind of filed like Tele Kiosk, Financial services kiosk, Photo kiosk, Internet kiosk, Ticketing kiosk, Giving or Donation kiosk, Movie ticket kiosk, DVD Vending kiosk, Visitor management and security kiosk, Building directory and way finding kiosk Schools are being brought under the ambit of the scheme with training being provided to teachers to utilize ICTs in teaching learning process. An integrated "Higher Education Service System" is one concept that can empower the governing bodies to administer the progress of the education plan in the whole country and serve various stakeholders in a much better manner. A website and Touch Screen Information kiosks for the Tourism Department have been developed which provides detailed information of tourist interest that is of great help to both the domestic as well as international visitors. The Kolkata Police has an efficient intranet involving the police head quarters, important offices and all the police stations within Kolkata Police. This has brought marked efficient in the day to day operation of the police and police investigation. A more ambitious project is under implementation to connect all the 407 police stations of the state and important police establishments in the network.

The Panchayats & Rural Development Department's providing Portal [7] for G2G and G2C services including web based reporting mechanism. Integrated Panchyat Planning and Management System (IPPMS) have been implemented in Burdwan district, 50 GPs for GPMS softwares and 35 GPs in 4 Blocks for GIS based Decentralized Information Management Initiatives. The P & RD Dept has selected 8 GPs in 4 districts (Hooghly, Jalpaiguri, Burdwan and Bankura) to start the pilot project of CSC. The official website of the GoWB which provides detailed information on the Government initiatives and various other details to the citizens. Webel has also facilitated a number of websites of different government departments and public interface through Information Kiosks. Database is now developed for the Higher Education department which can be accessed through their website and kiosk with Touch Screen and IVR which is of immense help to students seeking admission in various streams in colleges. Webel has also implemented a webbased application for WBTDC for easy reservation of Tourist Lodges and various tourist services. Webel Technologies is given responsibilities to computerize 45 Police Stations of Kolkata Police and 5 Divisional Offices and 30 other offices of Battalion with the aim to increase efficiency of their existing operations in the Thana offices & Battalion, more effective Crime Control, close liaison with Lalbazar Higher officials. Few important modules of this software are Case Management Information System (CMIS), Generation of Cause List, Caveat Information System, and Judicial Service Information System, Judgments/Orders Information System, Exchange of Information

Computerization of Kolkata High Court

NIC state centre has been actively involved in providing ICT support to the High Court of Kolkata. The software has been upgraded to state of the art web based application using Oracle 10g RDBMS under a campus wide LAN set up connecting all the sections, offices and Court rooms.

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Journal of Computer Applications (JCA) ISSN: 0974-1925, Volume V, Issue 3, 2012 among High Courts and Supreme Court. Rural hospitals are linked with the medical colleges like NRS, Medical College and Burdwan Medical College. The telemedicine roll out now covers five referral centers, which have been electronically connected to 15 nodal centers for facilitating exchange of voice data and images.So far 2500 patients have been treated through telemedicine route.

Telemedicine

Smart Card

The Health Department is enabling the patients in the rural areas to interact with Consultants through the electronic route IIT, Kharagpur has developed technical solution for telemedicine connectivity utilizing wide area network, leased lines, ISDN lines & including ordinary copper wire. ISRO provides the VSAT support Doctors in Rural Hospitals can consult the Specialist of Medical Colleges through video conferencing facility and Internet. Quick & Secure movement of Diagnostics Report between Doctors Maintain central repository of case studies of Critically & Rarely infected Patients for future Doctor Reference. A small electronic card, resembling a credit card in size and shape, contains an embedded microprocessor Holds its own data / information with possibility of easy reading/ writing information any number of times Employee Attendance in Govt. Offices in West Bengal through Smart Card Smart Card Based Driving License & Registering Certificate improves Transport facilities more convenient and efficient Complete Check on duplicity & Forgery

The GoWB is rolling out Transport Smart Cards. The Transport Smart Card, with 4KB microprocessor and using biometric security system, stores details of the driver and the vehicle. These cards have been designed for readability anywhere in the country and thus help in transport management and crime tracking.

VI. STUDY, RESULTS AND FINDING In order to quantify the progress of different citizens centric services, Authors have selected Kolkata Municipality Corporation (KMC) services and E-District projects. KMC-the capital city of West Bengalhas made most of the KMC Services accessible to the common peoples in their locality through e-Kolkata Citizen Centers with the help of various e-Governance projects and ensure efficiency, transparency & reliability of such services at affordable costs within minimum time period to realize the basic needs of the Table II: List of E-Kolkata Citizen Service Centers P-187, C. I. T. Road, 28A, K. N. Sen Road, Kasba, Kankurgachi V. I. P. Kolkata 700 032, Ward 67 Market, Kolkata 700 054, Ward 33 212, Rashbehari Avenue, 516, D. H. Road, Kolkata 700 Kolkata 700 019, Ward 034, Ward 130 68

common people. These centers have multiple counters, one of the counters being dedicated for issuing Birth and Death Certificates. These centers are also equipped with Drinking Water Facility, Comfortable Seating arrangement in the air conditioned waiting lounge, Large Screen LCD Television sets, etc. The citizens visiting the centre need to collect a token from an automated machine and wait till his/her token number is displayed at the large electronic display board with counter number. The different e-Kolkata citizen service centre location and services provided by e-Kolkata CSC are depicted in Table II and Table III respectively.

11, Belvedere Road, Kolkata 700 027, Ward 74

79, Bidhan Sarani, Kolkata - 700 006, Ward 11 56/1 Raja Rajballabh Street, Kolkata - 700 003, Ward 8

Baghajatin Market Complex, Unit 2, Raja SC Mullick Road, Kolkata - 700 092, (Beside RAKTAKAMAL CLUB)

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A Study on Progress of Citizens Centric E-Governance services in West Bengal

Table III: List of E-Kolkata CSC Services Service Name Facilities Delivered Assessment-Collection, Process of Mutation, Tax Rates/Fees, Check Hearing Notices, Assessment Check Mutation Status, Check Payment Status, Print Unpaid Bill, Make Online Payment, Reprint e-receipt Birth & Death Birth/Death Registration, Print Birth/Death Certificate, Find Birth/Death Records Registration Monitoring & maintenance of municipal services to the slum areas under different GoI / BS (Bustee Services) and GoWB & KMC schemes SSEP Physical improvement / augmentation of the municipal services in the slum areas under the different GoI & GoWB schemes Carry out survey under the KMC area on Demographic, socio-economic & and level of services provided Old Age Pension Services Immunization & Control of Malaria, Acute Diarrhoeal Diseases etc Health Diagnosis & Treatment of Leprosy Diagnosis & Treatment of TB cases as per RNTCP guidelines Treatment of common minor ailments To care for various Health problems & Complains Testing of Food samples Testing of water samples Restoration of Heritage Building Heritage Building Undertaking new construction and/or addition/alteration within the Heritage Property Conservation Selling or leasing out of the Heritage Property Local Solid Waste Management Dept.(SWM)Ward Office contact Solid Wastes Deposit the required fee Obtain a receipt/permission from the KMC office Intimate the KMC office on the commencement of the work Information about Drainage Pumping Stations, Information about Fees & Charges, Check Sewerage & Drainage Demands Payable,On line Payment , Print Un Paid Bill, Reprint on line Receipt Find Plumbers , Information about Fees & Charges, Check Demands Payable,On line Water Supply Payment ,Print Un Paid Bill, Reprint on line Receipt Among all the KMC services our study given special attention on birth certificate issuance system. Most of the People under KMC collect their babys birth certificate from KMC e-Kolkata service centre. According to KMC System officers, this trend is also growing gradually and the primary data they given can be depict in Fig.1
140000 120579 120000 100000 80000 No. Of Issued Certificate 60000 40000 21338 20000 0 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 32305 14556 48462 90044 113046

E-District - E-District is a one of the most important Mission Mode project of Government of India (GI) under National E-Governance Project plan aim to integrate the entire government department and provide seamless district administration. As the implementation strategy of GI, Edistrict project would be implemented as Pilot project in some selected district in India. GOWB also has implemented E-District project in the district Bankura and Jalpaiguri on 27th Sept. 2010. Our study has focused on the progress of e-District project in these two districts. The intended services by GOWB and till rolled out services in both districts are being pointed in Table IV .

Figure 1. KMC year wise Birth Certificate Issue Chart as on 31st Jan, 2011

According to different stakeholders feed back, this new system significantly improved the process in terms ofApproval process Documentation process Certificate Issuance time Error rectification 98

Journal of Computer Applications (JCA) ISSN: 0974-1925, Volume V, Issue 3, 2012 Table IV: List of E-District Services in Plan and Rolled Out by GOWB Plan Services Rolled out Services Certificates Certificates -Income, Domicile, -Income SC/ST/OBC Certificate -Domicile RTI & Grievance Redressal Certificate -RTI, Grievance Redressal -SC/ST/OBC Licenses certificates -Blasting License Industry Services -Fatka / Fire Cracker -EM-1 License -EM-2 -Fire Arm License Industry Services -EM-1, EM-2 -Prime Minister Employment Programme -EC Cum RC, Subsidy Pensions -Old Age Pension Social Welfare - ICDS In Bankura, E-district operation is ongoing in 12 blocks out of 22 blocks and it has started through 19 CSCs out of 183 running CSCs. The percentage of E-district enabled CSCs in respect of total running CSCs in a block are shown in figure Fig. 2.
Sim lapal Taldangra Ranibundh Sarenga Raipur Hirbundh Khatra Indpur Sonam ukhi Patras ayer Indus Kotulpur Barjora Bankura-II Onda Bankura-I Bankura-I Bankura-II Onda Barjora Chhatna Saltora Gangajal Ghati Mejhia Bis hnupur Joypur Kotulpur Indus Patras ayer Joypur Bis hnupur Mejhia Gangajal Ghati Saltora Sonam ukhi Indpur Chhatna Khatra Hirbundh Raipur Sarenga Ranibundh Taldangra Sim lapal

Alipurduar-I Alipurduar-II Kumargram Rajganj Jalpaiguri Sadar Kalchini Madarihat Falakata Maynaguri Dhupguri Alipurduar-I Alipurduar-II Kumargram Kalchini Madarihat Falakata Malbazar Nagrakata Dhupguri Nagrakata Matiali Malbazar Maynaguri Jalpaiguri Sadar Matiali Rajganj

Figure 3.Percentage of E-District Enabled CSC in Jalpaiguri District Per Each Block

VII. CHALLENGES IDENTIFIED TO IMPLEMENTING E-GOVERNANCE PROJECT IN WEST BENGAL The Success of eGovernance projects and getting the claimed benefits of e-Governance project has not been easy in West Bengal for various technological as well as organizational reasons. Also all implementers and drivers of E-Governance initiatives agree that the biggest challenge of deploying e-Governance is not technology but change management. Change management is important not only in terms of cultural change but also in terms of changing operations and processes workflow that the automated environment will introduce. A number of issues, some old and some new have arisen in e-governance application implementation in West Bengal [9], for exampleBuilding Capacity for Implementation. Management of Complete project cycle. Citizens are unlikely to use e-Governance services without a guarantee of privacy and security. Making a policy choice in favor of computerization to overcome radically the even if it requires huge investments to purchase hardware and software. Lack of standardization (For example, similar projects are carried out by different state agencies using incompatible file formats and application standards). Lack of understanding by the departments, for the components of e-Governance projects, which can be outsourced or can be carried out in house. Lack of key factors like trained human resources, Infrastructure and ICT penetration in remote areas. According to NIC officers, success factors of eGovernance projects depends on 10% Technology 60% Process 20% Change Management

Figure2. Percentage of E-District Enabled CSC in Bankura District Per Each Block

In Jalpaiguri, E-district operation is ongoing in 10 blocks out of 13 blocks and it has started through 16 CSCs out of 199 running CSCs. The percentage of E-district enabled CSCs in respect of total running CSCs in a block are shown in figure Fig. 3

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VIII. CONCLUSION AND FUTURE STUDY Though West Bengal has achieved many milestones, many more benchmarks are yet to be set. KMC managed all manual hazard and providing smooth services for the common people. In the area of egovernance, West Bengal has still a long way to go to reach the standards that others state have. It can conclude that there is huge scope to create ICT infrastructure and roll out e-Governance projects with funding from NeGP. In our future study we will consider more KMC services to find out the process and user satisfaction level as well as avoiding the time limitation we will study all e-Governance service already roll-out in West Bengal and ready to go-live. ACKNOWLEDGEMENT We are grateful to all those who helped us in carrying out this study. First of all we wish to express our greatest gratitude to NIC officers and CSC operators to have given us valuable time as well as enriching us with the knowledge sharing of various e-Governance issues, challenges and data. Also we are extremely thankful to KMC to provide data and CSC e-Kolkata application screen shot what given a clear view to us about the KMC e-Kolkata Services. REFERENCES
M. Kaliannan,H. Awang,M. Raman Public-Private Partnerships for E-Government Services: Lessons from Malaysia, International Journal institution and Economies Vol. 2, No. 2, October 2010, pp. 207-220 [2] H. Al-Omari , A. Al-Omari Building an e-Government eTrust Infrastructure,, American Journal of Applied Sciences 3 (11): 2122-2130, 2006. [3] West Bengal IT Policy 2003, http://www.itwb.org /download_pdf /itpolicy_2003.pdf [4] Piyush Gupta, A Sridevi & Dhrupad Mathur: "e-Governance Approach in India - The National e-Governance Plan, Computer Society of India, NISG and Nihilent (2009) [5] Department of Information Technology, Government of India, http://www.mit.gov.in/ [6] Department of Information Technology, Government of West Bengal, http://www.itwb.org/ [7] Panchayats and Rural Development, West Bengal www.wbprd.nic.in [8] West Bengal pollution Control Board, West Bengal www.wbpcb.gov.in [9] R K Bagga and Piyush Gupta Transforming Government: eGovernance Initiatives in India, The Icfai University Press, 2009 [10] http://www.edistrictwb.gov.in/portal/index.jsp [1]

Mr. Sudhnagsu Das, Research Scholar in Department of Business Administration, Kalyani. He has completed MCA from Indira Gandhi National University in 2005. He is currently working in Ericsson India Global Services Private Limited as Senior Solution Integrator and doing PhD. from Department of Businesses Administration, Kalyani, West Bengal. He has presented papers in national and international Conferences and published papers in international journal. His area of interest is e-Governance, E-Commerce, ERP, Data warehouse, cloud computing, Semi Structured Data base.

Mr. Sajal Bhadra, Research Scholar Department of Business Administration, Kalyani. He has completed B.Tech in Computer Science and Technology from Kalyani Government Engineering College in 2002. He is currently working in Tata Consultancy Services Limited as Assistant Consultant and doing PhD. from Department of Businesses Administration, Kalyani, West Bengal. He has presented papers in national and international Conferences and published papers in international journal. His area of interest is e-Governance, E-Commerce, ERP, Data warehouse, cloud computing, Semi Structured Data base.

BIOGRAPHY
Dr. Manas Kumar Sanyal is currently working as an Associate professor and Head of the Department in the Business Administration, Kalyani University. He has completed M.Tech. in Computer Science from Calcutta University and Ph.D.. He is serving more than 18 years in teaching. He has presented papers in national and international Conferences and published papers in international journal. His area of interest is e-Governance, E-Commerce, ERP, Data warehouse, cloud computing, Semi Structured Data base.

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