TTF CPD No1 Engineered Timber - An Overview (For Distribution)

Engineered Timber An overview Deb Turnbull
4 October 2012
The need for re-engineering Timber composites Basic information Massive timber Timber trusses - what are they? - Glulam, PSL, LSL, LVL - Brettstapel - CLT - Carpentry - Plate connectors - Metal webs
Timber I-beams Timber with other materials - Steel - Cement/concrete - Insulation Timber frame
www.napier.ac.uk/isc
The need for Re-engineering Resource

- Length - Cross sections
Properties
- Structural performance - Species
Timber Composites
Dimensional stability - moisture content - cross laminations Structural performance - more homogenous material Welsh Oak Frame - increased lengths Greater use of resource
CTS Bridges
Page 4 www.napier.ac.uk/isc
Timber Composites
Veneers
Timber Composites
Glulam Planks
Massive Timber
Timber Composites
Flakes Laminated Strand Lumber (LSL)
Oriented Strand Board (OSB)
Timber Composites
Chipboard Chips
Saw dust
Fibreboards
Timber Replacement
Longer spans
Higher performance
Appearance
Components and systems

Glulam LVL Plywood OSB Fibreboard
PSL
trusses
I-joists Box beams
walls and floor panels
Sawn timber
CLT
Glulam
Manufacture Stock sizes - 90 to 265 wide and 180 to 2050 - square and circular sections available - curved, tapered, portal frames - Spruce is usual, pine and larch also available - Other species have been tried including UK grown - fabricators often have in-house design capability - manufacturers have free software - connections need special consideration
Bespoke Species
Design
Glulam uses
Beams, Columns Portal Frames Space Frames Geodesic structures
Scottish parliament, Cowley Timberwork
Strawberry Lodge, Chiswick, Axis Timber
Acetylated timber in glulam beams
Parallel Strand Lumber (PSL) & Laminated Strand Lumber (LSL)

Only one manufacturer Weyerhaeuser (was Trus Joist) No longer available Sizes - stock sizes - special sizes for I-joist systems
Design
- manufacturers have free software - connections - in UK, beams and columns in timber frames
Uses
Laminated Veneer Lumber (LVL)

Typical stock sizes - thickness 27, 33, 39, 45, 51, 57, 63, 69, 75 - width 200 to 900 Spans - Floors up to 9m - Roofs up to 18m - manufacturers have free software
Design
LVL uses
Rim boards in timber frame Beams, Columns Portal Frames Space Frames Geodesic structures Stressed skin panels
Kerto Q monocoque panels, Cowley Timberwork
Edinburgh Napier University, Cowley Timberwork
Massive Timber Brettstapel

- nailed - dowelled
Cross Laminated Timber

- glued - dowelled - interlocking
Page 17
Brettstapel
Can use lower grade timber Nailed or all timber product Used for walls and floors
Manufacture
Higher levels of automation
Page 20 01 October 2010 www.napier.ac.uk/isc
Fabrication into panels 2.5 wide and up 18.5m long
Structural design
Flatwise Stiffness - Emean for all stiffness calculations Shear deformations not so significant due to span to depth ratio Material safety factor, k mod x (strength property) m
Connections need careful thought Edgewise Racking Bending

Panel sizes and spans

Typical load span table for timber with MOE of 11,000 N/mm2 Grade C24
Thickness (mm)
Load
4.3
6.0
8.6
Building performance
Airtightness - Relies on additional layer typically OSB
Thermal performance- 100mm thick panel of 500 kg/m3 U=0.13 W/mK
Panel profiles External wall make-ups
Directly applied plasters
Brettstapel
Cross Laminated Timber
Typical lay-ups
Panel thickness 51 Mets 100 BinderHolz 126 StoraEnso 85 Mets 147 BinderHolz 200 KLH Layer thickness 17, 17, 17 37, 26, 37 42, 42, 42 17, 17, 17, 17, 17 41, 22, 21, 22, 41 40, 40, 40, 40, 40
CLT Benefits
Airtight - if edges glued
Dont generally need lintels Speed on site with large panels Good replacement for reinforced concrete - 6 times lighter - 1/3 the thickness for similar span
Hackney Academy, Eurban
Pag 31 01 October 2010 www.napier.ac.uk/isc
Waugh Thistleton Architects
BRE Ravenscraig Visitor Centre
Structural design
Use of EC5 multiple connected layers and Appendix B Fire charring rate
Preliminary sizing
Manufacturers design software
Other Guidance
Dowelled cross laminated timber

TechnoWood Holz100 Nur Holz Thoma
Timber Trusses
Page 37
Cheadle Hume, Cowley Timberwork
with steel
UK Sitka spruce Trusses
Compared to above using plywood gussets
Timber I-Beams
Welsh Oak Frame
CTS Bridges
Timber I joists
Welsh Oak Frame
CTS Bridges
Special uses with connectors
Timber in Combination with other materials Steel Concrete Insulation
Timber in Combination with Steel

Flitch beams Bolted Impact nailed
Mechlam bridges
Stress laminated bridges
CTS Bridges
www.napier.ac.uk/isc Page 45
Forestry Commission
With concrete
Acoustics Thermal mass Longer spans than timber alone Composite Non-composite
Non-composite systems With I-joist floors Manufacturers linked with screed suppliers
Welsh Oak Frame
Timber concrete - composite action
Welsh Oak Frame
CTS Bridges
Kaufmann Oberholzer, CH
With insulation
Panels Beams
Structural Insulated Panels - SIPs

Sheathing layers Bonded insulation injected PUR foam - glued EPS
Joints - splines -thinner full sections
Fixings - Some straight into OSB
Composite Insulated Beams (CIBs)
Increased bearing capacity - 18-30% Heat loss reduced by 56-86% Most efficient Box beams with timber or LVL flanges Beams and CIBs had increased shear and bending strength over I-joists www.napier.ac.uk/isc
Timber Frame
Can incorporate many forms of engineered timber Improved joists, I joists and timber trusses for walls and floors For replacement of steel for purlins and rafters Cassettes Acetylated timber ground beams
Thank-you
d.turnbull@napier.ac.uk

TTF CPD No1 Engineered Timber - An Overview (For Distribution)

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Engineered Timber An overview Deb Turnbull

The need for Re-engineering Resource

- Structural performance - Species

Oriented Strand Board (OSB)

Components and systems

I-joists Box beams

walls and floor panels

Scottish parliament, Cowley Timberwork

Strawberry Lodge, Chiswick, Axis Timber

Acetylated timber in glulam beams

Parallel Strand Lumber (PSL) & Laminated Strand Lumber (LSL)

Laminated Veneer Lumber (LVL)

Kerto Q monocoque panels, Cowley Timberwork

Edinburgh Napier University, Cowley Timberwork

Massive Timber Brettstapel

Cross Laminated Timber

Higher levels of automation

Page 20 01 October 2010 www.napier.ac.uk/isc

Fabrication into panels 2.5 wide and up 18.5m long

Page 21 01 October 2010 www.napier.ac.uk/isc

Connections need careful thought Edgewise Racking Bending

Panel sizes and spans

Thermal performance- 100mm thick panel of 500 kg/m3 U=0.13 W/mK

Page 24 01 October 2010 www.napier.ac.uk/isc

Panel profiles External wall make-ups

Directly applied plasters

Page 26 01 October 2010 www.napier.ac.uk/isc

Cross Laminated Timber

Hackney Academy, Eurban

Pag 31 01 October 2010 www.napier.ac.uk/isc

Waugh Thistleton Architects

BRE Ravenscraig Visitor Centre

Manufacturers design software

Dowelled cross laminated timber

Cheadle Hume, Cowley Timberwork

UK Sitka spruce Trusses

Compared to above using plywood gussets

Welsh Oak Frame

Welsh Oak Frame

Special uses with connectors

Timber in Combination with other materials Steel Concrete Insulation

Timber in Combination with Steel

Stress laminated bridges

Welsh Oak Frame

Timber concrete - composite action

Welsh Oak Frame

Page 51 01 October 2010 www.napier.ac.uk/isc

Structural Insulated Panels - SIPs

Joints - splines -thinner full sections

Fixings - Some straight into OSB

Page 55 01 October 2010 www.napier.ac.uk/isc

Composite Insulated Beams (CIBs)

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