NARRATIVE Purpose Text Organization To amuse or to entertain Orientation Complication Resolution Focus on specific and individualized participants The

The use of material process (action verbs) The use of some behavioral and verbal process The use of relational process and mental process The use of past tense The use of temporal conjunctions and temporal circumstances EXPLANATION Purpose To explain the processes involved in the formation and working of natural or sociocultural phenomena Text Organization A general statement to position the reader A sequenced explanation of why or how something occurs Closing Focus on generic, non-human participants The use of general and abstract nouns The use of action verbs The use of simple present tense The use of passive voice The use of conjunctions of time and cause The use of noun phrases The use of complex sentences The use of technical language

Language

Language

DISCUSSION

Purpose informed decision

To explore various perspectives before coming to an To present information and opinions about more than one side of an issue (for points and against points)

Text Organization

Opening statement presenting the issue Arguments or evidence for different points of view (pros ang cons) Concluding recommendation The use of general nouns e.g.: alcohol, abortion, smoking, cloning, etc. The use of relating verbs e.g.: is, are, etc. The use of thinking verbs e.g.: think, feel, hope, believe, etc. The use of additive connectives e.g.: in addition, furthermore, besides, etc. The use of contrastive connectives e.g.: although, even if, nevertheless, etc. The use of causal connectives e.g.: because, because of, etc The use of modalities e.g.: perhaps, must, should, etc. The use of adverbs of manner e.g.: hopefully, deliberately, etc. EXPLANATION

Language Features

Purpose Text Organization

To summarise, analyse, and respond to art works To critique an art work or event for a public audience Orientation Background information on yhe text. Interpretative Recount Concluding statement: judgement, opinion, or recommendation. Evaluative Summation The last opinion consisting of the appraisal or punchline of the artwork being reviewed.

Language Features

The use of complex and compound sentence The use of adjectives and phrases of appraisal The use of metaphorical expressions The use of noun phrases