Web Applications & Operating Cost of Data Center

International Journal in Foundations of Computer Science & Technology (IJFCST), Vol. 2, No.
5, September 2012
WEB APPLICATIONS & OPERATING COST OF DATA CENTER

Dr. Shrijit Joshi1 and Meghana Joshi2
1
drssjoshi108@gmail.com 2 msjoshi108@gmail.com
ABSTRACT
Traditionally, organizations use their own data centers to communicate with their users/customers through information technology. Business team of the organization achieves this by funding the development of a range of web applications. Typically, web applications are developed using the components present in the data center and using the human IT infrastructure. In other words, organization needs to incur the expenses on data center components and human IT infrastructure for the development of new web application. Therefore, the operating cost of the data center can change with the change in the number of web applications hosted on the organizations data center. In order to estimate the rate of increase in the operating cost of data center with the development of new web applications, in this paper we consider the costs required for the following seven factors human labor, data center components procurement, data center components maintenance, software license, software support, energy utilization, and space usage. Our proposed strategy will be useful for the business team to make a decision on whether to go ahead with the development of web application when operating cost of data center is the primary decision making criteria. We also present simulation results of our proposed strategy when the business team is planning to develop a set of web applications.
KEYWORDS
Information technology, data center, operating cost of data center, web site, web application, physical infrastructure, energy utilization, human IT infrastructure
1. INTRODUCTION
In todays information age, businesses use information technology (IT) to reach out to their users. IT achieves this by a very tight integration between various human and non-human IT infrastructures, such as integration between people and software/hardware. Human IT infrastructure includes people with technical IT skills and managerial IT skills [1]. Organization with better human IT infrastructure has the advantage of seamless integration between the IT department and the business department of the organization. Such a seamless integration helps the organization in developing an innovative IT product before their competitors to strengthen organizations relationship with its users. Another resource of IT, non-human IT infrastructure, is equally important for achieving the business goal of the organization. This is because; all software/hardware family of resources forms the domain of non-human IT infrastructures which help in transforming innovative IT ideas of human resources from theory into physical reality. These non-human IT infrastructures are typically hosted in businesss data center facility. Therefore, availability, reliability, manageability, and agility of the data center are very critical for the overall functioning of the business. In other words, data center, along with human IT infrastructure, forms the back-bone of todays IT industry.
DOI:10.5121/ijfcst.2012.2501 1
International Journal in Foundations of Computer Science & Technology (IJFCST), Vol. 2, No.5, September 2012
In this paper, we focus our attention on data center; more specifically, we discuss various components of data center, inter-relationships between those components, and estimation of operating cost of data center when transforming a newly conceived idea by human IT infrastructure into reality. Readers are encouraged to view various studies that are carried out on human IT infrastructure in [2] [3] [4] [5] [6] [7]. Components of data center can be broadly categorized into: back-end data center physical infrastructure (BE-DCPI) components and front end data center physical infrastructure (FEDCPI) components. In the literature [8] [9] [10] [11] [12] [13] [14], BE-DCPI components are referenced as data center physical infrastructure. As both front-end and back-end components of the data center can be physical, the terminology mentioned in the literature is confusing. Therefore, we coin new terms to distinguish between the front-end and back-end components of the data center with a pre-fix to DCPI. BE-DCPI components form the foundation on which hardware/software of IT reside. Examples of BE-DCPI components are land, power distribution, distribution wiring, generator, uninterrupted power supply, batteries, transformers, humidifiers, switchgears, air conditioners, condensers, ductwork, piping, racks, computer networks, switches, gateway routers, fire alarms, smoke detectors, & access cards. Availability, reliability, & manageability of these BE-DCPI components are very critical for the functioning of the data center. For an instance; if there is any disruption in the power supply, entire data center can go down and such a disaster can be averted with the help of another BE-DCPI component; more specifically by generators. Furthermore, security and fire protection components of BE-DCPI, such as fire alarm, smoke detector, access cards, are helpful in keeping the integrity and safety of the data center. In addition to the availability, reliability, & manageability of BE-DCPI components, agility of the components is also important because of todays ever changing IT landscape. Agility of the components refers to the speed at which the landscape of BE-DCPI components can be adapted to the business needs. This characteristic of the BE-DCPI components is very essential, especially, for the time constrained projects. FE-DCPI components typically are the components that utilize services offered by one or more BE-DCPI components. Examples of FE-DCPI components are central processing units (CPU), hard disks, random access memories (RAM), application servers, webservers, database servers, proxy servers, media servers, mainframes, load balancers, domain name servers, web application firewall, corporate firewall, & software such as JAVA, .NET, SAP, & ORACLE. Availability, reliability, manageability, and agility of FE-DCPI components rely on both components individual characteristics and also on its dependent BE-DCPI components. For examples, hardware components of FE-DCPI such as CPU, RAM, & corporate firewall can run efficiently when they receive sufficient electric power (a BE-DCPI component), and can communicate with other FE-DCPI components when they are interconnected with available/reliable communication networks (another BE-DCPI component). Like BE-DCPI, FE-DCPI components also need to have very high availability, reliability, manageability, and agility for successfully running the business on the Internet. In a broader sense, the objective of the business is to increase the revenue from their IT operation and decrease the cost of IT infrastructures operation. To satisfy this business objective, researchers have formulated various methodologies for estimating the operating cost of data center emphasizing primarily on BE-DCPI components; please read [11] [12] [15] [13] [16] [9] [17] [18] [19] [10] for more details. Now-a-days, it is well known fact that IT landscape of most of the organizations is changing at rapid pace. As per our opinion, the reasons for the change in IT landscape from time instant t to time instant t + k where k > 0 are fundamentally based on three factors as given below. These factors are the effects of the change in business requirement
2
from the business team and that causes IT teams to develop a range of new web applications [20] from time instant t to time instant t + k . These web applications are developed using the BEDCPI components, FE-DCPI components, and human IT infrastructure. In other words, development of new web applications from time instant t to time instant t + k causes the operating cost of data center to change. Factor 1: Factor 2: Factor 3: Change in the number of websites organization is hosting Change in the number of web pages and the contents of the web pages hosted on a website Architectural changes in the way web services are talking to other web applications
Therefore, development and maintenance of new web applications change the way organization was operating the IT infrastructure. Referenced studies in this paper do not take into account this variable factor of IT infrastructure landscape while estimating the operating cost of data center. In this paper, we present our methodology based on the number of new web applications organization is planning to develop. Our proposed methodology will aid business people to make a calculated decision on whether to give a go-ahead for developing the designed applications. Rest of the paper is organized as follows. In Section II, we give a detailed description on how a request flows through various BE-DCPI and FE-DCPI components when a user requests a page on the Internet. In Section III, we describe our methodology for estimating the change in the operating cost of a data center when business team of the organization is planning to develop new web applications using the resources present in the data center or by brining in new resources (ondemand) to the data center. And in Section IV, we give our concluding remarks and future directions.
2. WEB APPLICATION AND DATA CENTER INFRASTRUCTURE

Users access organizations website for retrieving the desired information. Websites extract information from the data stored at range of places in organizations data center (such as from a relational data base management system or from a network file system), processes the extracted data to form information using some business logic, and then displays the processed information on web pages. Furthermore, information displayed on one web page of the same or different organization can be fed as data to some other web page of an organization for processing. In order to address this complex structure of website construction, organization develops a set of web applications [21]. Figure 1 illustrates this theory. As shown in Figure 1, web pages of two organizations, Organizationx and Organizationy, are created by their respective web applications. When web page of Organizationy is trying to retrieve data from the web page of Organizationx or vice-versa, web applications of the concerned web pages communicate with each other.
Figure 1 Communication between web pages through web applications. Computer web applications (hereafter, referred as applications) are typically developed for two distinct kinds of users users present within the organization (internal) and users outside of the organization (external). Based on the categorization of the users, applications can also be divided into two types internal and external applications. As the name suggests, internal applications are designed for internal users (such as human resources and payroll applications) and external applications are designed for external users (such as electronic shopping and press reports). As the domains of these two types of applications are distinct, we can construct following three arguments in a broader perspective: Argument 1: Argument 2: Argument 3: Two or more internal applications can be dependent on each other; Two or more external applications can be dependent on each other; and Internal applications and external applications do not depend on each other.
Typically for the development of efficient computer web application, organizations perform following integration flow chart: write an application; deploy the application on multitude of application servers [22]; integrate the application servers with multitude of webservers [23]; place load balancers [24] to effectively balance the load on webservers; and front the load balancers with a local domain name server (DNS) [25]. This theory is illustrated in Figure 2.
Figure 2 Request flow through various BE-DCPI and FE-DCPI components. As shown in Figure 2, when user requests a web page on the Internet, request flows in the following manner: Step 1: First, request is intercepted by DNS. During this step, DNS converts the URL of the webpage into an IP address. DNS then selects a load balancer using the IP address information and forwards the request to the selected load balancer. Step 2: When request is flowing from DNS to load balancer, typically corporate firewall verifies the request for any intrusion detection/security risks. Step 3: Once the security checks are passed by firewall, request flows to load balancer. Step 4: During this step, load balancer forwards the request, based on some pre-defined load balancing algorithm, to one of the configured webservers for the web page. Step 5: Webserver then processes the static contents of the web page. For processing dynamic contents of the web page, webserver forwards the request to one of the configured application servers based on some pre-defined load balancing algorithm. Step 6: During this step, application server processes the dynamic contents of the web page. Step 7: Then, application server forwards the processed contents to webserver.
Step 8: Webserver then attaches the already processed static content to the received dynamic content from application server. Webserver then forwards both static and dynamic content back to the load balancer. Step 9: Load balancer then displays the received content as a web page to the user. The BE-DCPI and FE-DCPI components listed above need to be procured by the organization in a data center for successfully disseminating the information in the form of web page. As mentioned above, organizations typically have internal and external applications which can have intrinsic inter-dependency and therefore, organization need to develop a range of applications using the IT infrastructure of data center for operating the business. Expenses incurred from the procurement and maintenance of the components present in the data center (data center infrastructure) constitutes a part of operating cost to business. As mentioned earlier, in a broader sense, the objective of the business is to increase the revenue from their IT operation and decrease the cost of operating the IT infrastructures. Therefore, at a fixed revenue, the lesser the expense on the data-centers operating cost; the higher will be the business profit. Consider a situation where a business wants to add/develop new web applications to enhance the functionalities that are currently offered by their website. In such a situation, mathematical model(s) that gives a theoretical estimate on increase/decrease of data centers operating cost will aid business people to make a calculated decision on whether to give a go-ahead for developing the designed applications. In the next section, we present our solution for estimating the change in operating cost of data center when business is planning to develop new web applications and present an illustration to describe our proposed solutions utility.
3. OPERATING COST OF INDIVIDUAL DATA CENTER

As mentioned in the earlier section, an organization managing their own data-center has to bear the cost associated with procuring and maintaining the data infrastructure (BE-DCPI and FEDCPI components). For running the business effectively, organization needs to develop computer applications on demand i.e., as and when the business requirement comes. In other words, when a requirement comes, organization needs to procure the necessary FE-DCPI and BE-DCPI components for the application to work. Procuring the components and then configuring them as per organizations policy/applications requirement will prolong the project life cycle of the application development. In addition, the cost required to procure and maintain the components of the data-center will increase the absolute operating cost of the data-center. In this paper we consider following seven factors for estimating the operating cost of a data center: human labor, BE-DCPI/FE-DCPI components procurement, BE-DCPI/FE-DCPI components maintenance, software licenses, software support, energy utilization, & space usage.
We are considering these factors for estimating the operating cost of data center because of the following reasons. First, as discussed earlier, IT enables organization to reach out to the users with the help of human IT infrastructure and non-human IT infrastructure. Therefore, the amount of expenditure organization is making on supporting human IT infrastructure (i.e., human labor) to modify/maintain the existing data center is very important for estimating the operating cost of data center. Second, operating expense on non-human IT infrastructure rests on the number of BE-DCPI/FE-DCPI components present in the data center. As each component needs to be procured & maintained in the organizations data center infrastructure landscape, we are taking into account BE-DCPI/FE-DCPI components procurement & BE-DCPI/FE-DCPI components maintenance as contributing factors for estimating the operating cost of data center. Third, software license and support from software vendor are in most cases necessary to develop web application and to troubleshoot the web application in production and in non-production environment. Therefore, we are considering software licenses & software support as contributing factors. Additionally, to power up the components, provide chilling to the components to avoid over-heating, and to keep these components in plant, energy and space are required. Therefore, we are considering energy utilization and space usage as additional factors for estimating the operating cost of data center.
Figure 3 Notations of factors that contribute in estimating the operating cost of data center. The notations used for the mentioned factors are given in Figure 3. Based on these factors, operating cost of data center (OP(t )) at time instant t can be calculated using equation 1.
t t t t t OP (t ) = H cos t + Pcos t + M cos t + SLtcos t + SS cos t + E cos t + Ltcos t .(1)
Where
7
t H cos t represents the human labor cost for operating the data center at time instant t ; t Pcos t represents the expenditure involved in procuring the data center components (FE-DCPI and BE-DCPI components) at time instant t ; t M cos t represents the expenditure involved in maintaining the procured components at time instant t ; SLtcos t represents the software licensing cost paid for operating the data center at time instant t ; t SS cos t represents the expenditure made on buying software support from the vendor at time instant t ; t E cos t represents the energy utilization cost for operating the data center at time instant t ; and Ltcos t represents the space (land) usage cost for operating the data center at time instant t .
H new cos t ,n = { hcos t ,1 , hcos t , 2 ,K , hcos t , n } Pnew cos t ,n = { pcos t ,1 , pcos t , 2 , K , pcos t , n } M new cos t ,n = { mcos t ,1 , mcos t , 2 , K , mcos t ,n } SLnewcos t ,n = { slcos t ,1 , slcos t , 2 , K, slcos t ,n } SS new cos t ,n = { sscos t ,1 , sscos t , 2 , K , sscos t ,n } Enew cos t ,n = {ecos t ,1 , ecos t , 2 ,K , ecos t ,n } Lnew cos t ,n = {lcos t ,1 , lcos t , 2 , K , lcos t ,n }
..(2)
Whenever there is a demand for developing new web applications, the cost associated with each of the seven factors mentioned above can change. Let us suppose, an organization is planning to develop n new web applications by time instant k . Say, human labor cost, procurement cost, maintenance cost, software license cost, software support cost, energy cost, and land usage cost required for developing i th new web application be hcos t ,i , p cos t ,i , mcos t ,i , sl cos t ,i , ss cos t ,i , ecos t ,i , & l cos t ,i , respectively. These individual costs for a set of n applications can be represented in
H cos t , n , Pcos t , n , M cos t , n , SLcos t , n , SS cos t , n , E cos t ,n , & Lcos t , n sets. Elements of these sets are
given above in equation 2.
Development of n new web applications can cause change in organizations expense on human labor. This change in human labor costs can be calculated using equation 3.
t ,k H cos t = hcos t ,1 + hcos t , 2 + L + hcos t ,n = hcos t ,i ..(3) i =1 n
t ,k where H cos t represents the change in human labor cost after developing n new web applications. t, t ,k Similarly, the change in procurement cost Pcoskt , maintenance cost M cos t , software license ,k t ,k cost SLtcos t , software support cost SS cos t
) ( ) ) , energy utilization cost (E ) , and space

t ,k cos t
,k usage cost Ltcos t from time instant t to time instant k can be calculated using equations 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, & 9.
t, Pcoskt = p cos t ,1 + p cos t , 2 + L + p cos t , n = p cos t ,i (4) i =1 t ,k M cos t = mcos t ,1 + m cos t , 2 + L + m cos t , n = m cos t ,i .....(5) i =1 ,k SLtcos t = sl cos t ,1 + sl cos t , 2 + L + sl cos t , n = sl cos t ,i .....(6) i =1 t ,k SS cos t = ss cos t ,1 + ss cos t , 2 + L + ss cos t ,n = ss cos t ,i ...(7) i =1 t ,k Ecos t = ecos t ,1 + ecos t , 2 + L + ecos t ,n = ecos t ,i ..(8) i =1 ,k Ltcos t = l cos t ,1 + l cos t , 2 + L + l cos t ,n = lcos t ,i .....(9) i =1 n n n n n
Whenever organization is planning to develop new web applications, new FE-DCPI/BE-DCPI components and/or software may be procured in the data center. Procurement of new hardware/software in the data center will extend the project development life cycle of the web application. Therefore, the expected business revenue from the application will be lost for the number of procurement delayed days. When organization is planning to develop n new web applications by time instant k , the business loss incurred by the organization due to delay in procurement can be calculated using equation 10.
BLt ,k = (bl1 pd1 ) + (bl 2 pd 2 ) + L + (bl n pd n ) = bl i pd i (10)
i =1
Where
BLt ,k represents the business loss incurred by the organization because of the
delay in procurement of hardware/software required for developing new web applications; bl i represents the estimated revenue generated by the i th new web application per day; and pd i represents the number of days required for procuring the hardware/software to support the development of i th new web application. Using equations 2 through 10, we can estimate the change in operating cost of data center (OP(t , k )) at time instant k . This changed value can be estimated using equation 11.
t ,k t, t ,k ,k t ,k t ,k ,k OP(t , k ) = BLt ,k + H cos t + Pcoskt + M cos t + SLtcos t + SS cos t + Ecos t + Ltcos t ...(11)
From equations 1 and 11, we can estimate the operating cost of data center (OP(k )) at time instant k using equation 12.
OP (k ) = OP(t ) + OP(t , k ) .....(12)

From equations 1, 11, & 12, we can conclude that operating cost of data center after setting n new web applications will be higher than the existing operating cost of data center if and only if the value of hcos t ,i > 0 or p cos t ,i > 0 or mcos t ,i > 0 or sl cos t ,i > 0 or ss cos t ,i > 0 or ecos t ,i > 0 or
l cos t ,i > 0 or bl i > 0 or

equation 13.
(( p
cos t ,i
> 0 ) & bl i > 0 ). This theory is represented mathematically in

p cos t ,i > 0 sl cos t ,i > 0 ..(13) ecos t ,i > 0 ( p cos t ,i > 0 bl i > 0 )
h >0 cos t ,i OP (k ) > OP (t ) mcos t ,i > 0 ss cos t ,i > 0 l cos t ,i > 0
Using equations 1, 11, 12, & 13, business team of the organization can estimate the change in operating cost of a data center when they are planning to develop new web applications. Based on these equations, business team can make a trade-off on whether to go ahead with the development of new web applications. The trade-off can be made based on how much revenue new web applications can bring in to the organization (say, variable x ) and how much change is occurring on the operating cost of data center (say, variable y ). The higher the value of variable x and the lower the value of variable y will pose the best business case for initiating the development of new web applications. Following illustration depicts how the theoretical equations given above can be implemented in practice and also, depicts the alarming rate at which the operating cost of a data center can increase with the development of new web applications to organizations website.
10
Illustration 1: Consider an organization where the business team (at time instant t ) is planning to develop five new applications by time instant k . The required human labor, procurement, maintenance, software license, software support, energy, and land usage cost needed to adapt the existing data center for developing each of these 5 new web applications are given in Figure 4. Costs given in Figure 4 for the factors - human labor, components maintenance, software support, energy utilization, & space usage are for per year. (Assume these new web applications do not directly generate revenue for the organization but adds the functionality to the currently provided by the organizations website.)
Figure 4 Human labor, procurement, maintenance, software license, software support, energy, and land usage cost needed to adapt the existing data center for developing new web applications. By putting the values given in Figure 4 into equation 2, we can get the following eight sets as shown in equation 14.
N = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5 } H newcos t ,n = { 15000, 10000,10000, 25000,15000 } Pnew cos t , n = { 75000, 75000, 50000,100000, 35000 } M new cos t , n = { 5000, 4000, 5000, 15500, 6000} SLnewcos t ,n = { 40000, 0, 0, 70000, 40000 } SS new cos t ,n = { 10000, 0, 0, 15000, 9000 } Enew cos t ,n = {800, 800,1000,1500, 700} Lnew cos t ,n = { 0, 0, 0, 0, 0}
...(14)
11
Using the values set in equation 14, we can estimate the change in operating cost of data center from time instant t to time instant k . In order to get better insight on how much the operating cost of a data center is increasing with the development of each of these 5 new web applications, we are estimating the change in operating cost of data center after the development of each web application individually. Let us say, the change in operating cost after the development of web applications 1, 2, 3, 4, & 5 are represented by OP (t , k ) , OP2 (t , k ) , OP3 (t , k ) , OP4 (t , k ) , 1 & OP5 (t , k ) , respectively. Estimated values of these variables are given below. (As we are
assuming bl i = 0 , BLt ,k = 0 from equation 10.)
OP (t , k ) = hcos t ,1 + pcos t ,1 + mcos t ,1 + slcos t ,1 + sscos t ,1 + ecos t ,1 + lcos t ,1 = $145,800 1 OP2 (t , k ) = hcos t , 2 + pcos t , 2 + mcos t , 2 + slcos t , 2 + sscos t , 2 + ecos t , 2 + lcos t , 2 = $89,800 OP3 (t , k ) = hcos t ,3 + pcos t ,3 + mcos t ,3 + slcos t ,3 + sscos t ,3 + ecos t ,3 + lcos t ,3 = $66,600 ...(15) OP4 (t , k ) = hcos t , 4 + pcos t , 4 + mcos t , 4 + slcos t , 4 + sscos t , 4 + ecos t , 4 + lcos t , 4 = $227,000 OP5 (t , k ) = hcos t ,5 + pcos t ,5 + mcos t ,5 + slcos t ,5 + sscos t ,5 + ecos t ,5 + lcos t ,5 = $186,700 From the estimated values of OP1 (t , k ) , OP2 (t , k ) , OP3 (t , k ) , OP4 (t , k ) , & OP5 (t , k ) , we can see that each web application is changing the operating cost of data center differently. Figure 5 depicts the cumulative increase in the operating cost of data center after the successive development of web applications 1 though 5 in succession. In other words, value for the change in operating cost of data center in Figure 5 is calculated using the following equation. OP Appn = OPi (t , k ) ..(16) Web
i =1 n
Therefore, values shown for the Web App 1, Web App 2, Web App 3, Web App 4, & Web App 5 are calculated as follows:
12
OP App1 = OP (t , k ) = OP (t , k ) = $145,800. Web i 1 OP App2 Web OP App3 Web OP App4 Web OP App5 Web
i =1 2 = OP (t , k ) = OP (t , k ) + OP2 (t , k ) = $145,800 + $89,800 = $235,600. i 1 i =1 3 = OP (t, k ) = $301 600. , .(17) i i =1 4 = OP (t , k ) = $528,600. i i =1 5 = OP (t , k ) = $715,300. i i =1
1
$800,000 $700,000 $600,000 $500,000 $400,000 $300,000 $200,000 $100,000 $Web App 1 Web App 2 Web App 3 Web App 4 Web App 5
Figure 5 Change in operating cost of data center after the development of web applications. From equation 15 and Figure 5, we can see that whenever new web application is developed, operating cost of the organizations data center is increasing. When organization is planning to develop a new web application, business team of the organization can estimate the change in the operating cost of data center using equations 12 & 15. If the estimated change is less than the trade-off decided by the business team over the revenue from the web application, business team can give their consent for the development of the new web application. Such an objective criteria in decision making presents a great tool for the business team to keep the operating cost of IT data center in check and keep the expenses on operating IT infrastructure at minimum with the increase in the revenue from their IT operation. The organization where there is a need of range of new applications because of their nature of work, such as in research & development firm, new web start-up, the operating cost of their data centers can increase at an alarming rate. In order to remediate this problem, business team of the organization should look into novel method of application hosting, such as through cloud computing infrastructure rather than owning a dedicated data center for their business.
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4. CONCLUSION
In this paper, we have presented a novel study that takes into account the number of web applications organization is hosting in their data center for determining the change in operating cost of data center. Estimation of operating cost of data center is performed by considering seven fundamental components of the data center human labor, data center components procurement, data center components maintenance, software license, software support, energy utilization, and space usage. The proposed strategy presents a great tool for the business team to make an objective decision on whether to go ahead with the development of new web application. Such as objective criteria helps the business team to keep the operating cost of data center at minimum and optimize the business revenue from their IT operation.
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Authors
Dr. Shrijit Joshi has received a PhD (Computer Science) from Louisiana Tech University, USA in 2009. He has also received MS degrees in Computer Science and Mathematics from Louisiana Tech University, USA in 2007 and in 2009, respectively. He has numerous research publications in journals/conferences in the field of biometrics, keystroke dynamics, network traffic anomaly detection, IP traceback, machine learning, pattern recognition, hidden Markov model, artificial neural networks, & clustering; and a USA Patent on biometrics. Dr. Joshi is currently providing architectural consulting support for the IT infrastructure design of various financial institutions. Meghana Joshi has received a MS degree in Information Systems from Stratford University, USA in 2012. Earlier, she has received a BE degree in Electrical Engineering from VNIT, Nagpur, India in 2003. After the completion of bachelors degree, she has provided consulting support to various multi-national financial and health insurance companies. Her research interests include IT infrastructure, cloud computing, virtual machines, computer graphics, pattern recognition, and machine learning.
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International Journal in Foundations of Computer Science & Technology (IJFCST), Vol. 2, No.