Sonny An

US History Honors October 4th, 2012

Chapter 7, Section 1 Textbook Notes Section 1: Moving West April 22nd, 1889: Thousands grab land in Oklahoma. o o o o o Edna Ferber, author of Cimarron: Describes ^. > 50,000 men/women/children stake claims. Homestead: Settle on the land for a number of years before ownership. Millions of acres of Sioux land in South Dakota taken by settlers. 1900s: Native American reservation land taken by settlers.

^Oklahoma Rush = successful.

1869: Transcontinental railroad completed. Homestead Act of 1862: Awarded 160 acres for 5 years of farming. o o o o Increased immigration from Europe. 1880s: Beef prices lowered due to drought and oversupply of cows. Seasonal workers, prized possession = saddle. 1/3 of cowhands were African American or Hispanic American. 1859 to 1882: Yielded > than $292 million. Cattle kingdom: Texas steer (cow) purchased for $5-6, sold for $60-70. Cowhands: Works with cows, lol. $40-50 per month. (Chaparajos, lariat, rodeo).

Comstock Lode: Rich vein of silver in Nevada. o Pacific Railroad Act: Authorized Union Pacific Railroad to lay track westward from Omaha, Nebraska to Sacramento. o o Passed by Congress in 1862. Chinese & Irish pro at railroad construction. o 7,000 Chinese laborers at work on the line. Union Pacific heavily relied on Irish immigrant labor.

May 10th, 1869: Leland Stanford, governor of California, puts in final piece (golden stake) to railway at Promontory, Utah.

Summer of 1860: Lieutenant Henry Maynadier quotes Sioux elder: We are glad to have the traders, but we dont want you soldiers and roadmakers; the country is ours and we intend to keep it.

1871: Federal government decreed all Western Native American nations must relocate to South Dakota or Oklahoma. o Native Americans lost two rights. 1|Page

Sonny An
US History Honors October 4th, 2012

Could no longer negotiate treaties to protect their lands. Could no longer vote on laws governing their fate.

Dawes Severalty Act of 1887: 160 acres given to each Native American family head (individuals instead of nations). o o Only 20% of reservation land was left to the Native Americans. 1907: Oklahoma achieves statehood. Land owned mostly by 500,000 white inhabitants.

Government boarding schools: Native American children stripped of their culture. Red Cloud: Oglala Sioux leader, representative of Arapaho, Crow, and Cheyenne. o 1870: When we first had all this land we were strong; now we are all melting like snow on the hillside, while you are growing like spring grass.

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