Applied Maths I U IV Solution

APPLI ED MATHS I
Sol u t i on :
CSVTU Ex am i n at i on
Pap er s

Depar t m ent of Mat hem at i cs
DI MAT

PARTI AL DI FFERENTI ATI ON
UNIT IV( I Semester)

Depar t ment of Mat hemat i cs, DI MAT Page 2

APPLI ED MATHS I
Time Allowed : Three hours
Maximum Marks : 80
Minimum Pass Marks : 28
Note : Solve any two parts from each question. All questions carry equal marks.

UNIT IV
PARTI AL DI FFERENTI ATI ON

SOLUTION (Nov-Dec-2005)

(a) If
( )
1 2
tan / u y x
= prove that
2 2 2
2 2 2
2 2
2 sin .sin 2
u u u
x xy y u u
x x y y
c c c
+ + =
c c c c
.
Ans:
( )
1 2
tan / u y x
=
2
tan / u y x =
Let tan u z =
2
2
2
/ . .
y y
z y x x x
x x
| |
= = =
|
\ .

So, z is homogeneous function of order 1.
By Eulers formula
z z
x y nz
x y
c c
+ =
c c

z z
x y z
x y
c c
+ =
c c
------------(1)

(tan ) (tan )
tan
u u
x y u
x y
c c
+ =
c c

2 2
sec sec tan
u u
x u y u u
x y
c c
+ =
c c

2
tan cos
u u
x y u u
x y
c c
+ =
c c

sin 2
2
u u u
x y
x y
c c
+ =
c c
----------(2)

sin 2
2
u u u
x y x y x y
x y x y x y
| | | | | | c c c c c c
+ + = +
| | |
c c c c c c
\ . \ . \ .

2 2 2
2 2
2 2
2 cos 2
u u u u u u u
x xy y x y u x y
x x y y x y x y
| | c c c c c c c
+ + + + = +
|
c c c c c c c c
\ .



2 2 2
2 2
2 2
sin 2 sin 2
2 cos 2 .
2 2
u u u u u
x xy y u
x x y y
c c c
+ + + =
c c c c

2 2 2
2 2
2 2
sin 2 sin 2
2 cos 2 .
2 2
u u u u u
x xy y u
x x y y
c c c
+ + =
c c c c

( )
2 2 2
2 2
2 2
sin 2
2 . cos 2 1
2
u u u u
x xy y u
x x y y
c c c
+ + =
c c c c

( )
2 2 2
2 2 2
2 2
sin 2
2 . 2sin
2
u u u u
x xy y u
x x y y
c c c
+ + =
c c c c

2 2 2
2 2 2
2 2
2 sin .sin 2
u u u
x xy y u u
x x y y
c c c
+ + =
c c c c
(Proved)
(b) Divide 24 into three parts such that the continued product of the first, square
of second and cube of third may be maximum.
Ans: Let , , x y z are three parts of 24.
24 x y z + + = and
2 3
p xy z =
So,
2 3
p xy z = and 24 x y z = + +

2 3 3 2 2
2 3 2 3 2 3
0
0 0
0 2 0 3 0
6 6 0 6 3 0 6 2 0
p
p p
y y
x x z z
y z xyz xy z
xy z x xy z y xy z z

c c
c c c c
+ =
+ = + =
c c
c c c c
+ = + = + =
+ = + = + =

Now, 6 3 2 6 3 2 x y z x y z = = = =
3 , 2 z x y x = =
24 2 3 24 6 24 4 x y z x x x x x + + = + + = = =
4, 8, 12 x y z = = = (Ans)
(c) Using the method of differentiation under integral sign evaluate
1
2
0
tan
, 0
(1 )
ax
dx a
x x

>
+
}
.
Ans: Let
1
2
0
tan
( )
(1 )
ax
F a dx
x x

=
+
}

2
2
2
2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2
0 0 0
1
1 1 1 1 1 1
'( )
(1 ) 1 1 1 1 1
a
a
a
F a xdx dx dx
x x a x x a x x a x

| |
| |
|
|

\ . \ .
= = =
+ + + + + +
} } }

2
2 2 2 2 2
0 0
1
'( )
1 1 1 1
dx a dx
F a
a x a a x

| |
| |
=
| |
+ +
\ .
\ .
} }

2 1
1
2 2
0
0
1 tan
'( ) . tan .
1 1
a ax
F a x
a a a
| | (
| |
( =
| | (

\ .
\ .



2 2
1
'( ) . 0 . 0
1 2 1 2
a
F a
a a
| | | | | | | |
=
| | | |

\ . \ . \ . \ .

2
1 1
'( ) .
2 1 2 1
a
F a
a a
| |
= =
|
+
\ .

So, ( ) ( ) .log 1
2
F a a C
= + + --------------(1)
But a = 0, F(a) = 0. 0 C =
( ) ( ) .log 1
2
F a a
= +

1
2
0
tan
log(1 )
(1 ) 2
ax
dx a
x x

= +
+
}
(Proved)

SOLUTION (Apr-May-2006)

(a) If
3 3
1
tan
x y
u
x y
+
=
prove that sin 2

u u
x y u
x y
c c
+ =
c c
and
2 2 2
2 2
2 2
2 sin 4 sin 2
u u u
x xy y u u
x x y y
c c c
+ + =
c c c c
.
Ans:
3 3
1
tan
x y
u
x y
+
=
+

3 3
tan
x y
u
x y
+
=
+

Let tan u z =

3
3
3 3
2
1
1
y
x
x
x y y
z x
y x y x
x
x
| |
| |
+
|
|
|
\ .
+ | |
\ .
= = =
|
+ | |
\ .
+
|
\ .

By Eulers formula
z z
x y nz
x y
c c
+ =
c c

2
z z
x y z
x y
c c
+ =
c c
------------(1)

(tan ) (tan )
2tan
u u
x y u
x y
c c
+ =
c c

2 2
sec sec 2tan
u u
x u y u u
x y
c c
+ =
c c

2
2tan cos
u u
x y u u
x y
c c
+ =
c c

2sin cos
u u
x y u u
x y
c c
+ =
c c



sin 2
u u
x y u
x y
c c
+ =
c c
(proved)--------(2)
sin 2
u u
x y x y x y u
x y x y x y
| || | | | c c c c c c
+ + = +
| | |
c c c c c c
\ .\ . \ .

2 2 2
2 2
2 2
2 2cos 2
u u u u u u u
x xy y x y u x y
x x y y x y x y
| | c c c c c c c
+ + + + = +
|
c c c c c c c c
\ .

2 2 2
2 2
2 2
2 sin 2 2cos 2 .sin 2
u u u
x xy y u u u
x x y y
c c c
+ + + =
c c c c

2 2 2
2 2
2 2
2 sin 4 sin 2
u u u
x xy y u u
x x y y
c c c
+ + =
c c c c
(Proved)

(b) Find the values of , , x y z for which
5
( , , )
2 4
xyz
f x y z
x y z
=
+ +
is a maximum
subject to the condition 8 xyz = .
Ans: Here 8 xyz = 8 xyz =
And
5
2 4
xyz
u
x y z
=
+ +

0 0 0
u u u
x x y y z z

c c c c c c
+ = + = + =
c c c c c c

( ) ( ) ( )
2 2 2
40 80 160
0 0 0
2 4 2 4 2 4
yz xz xy
x y z x y z x y z

+ = + = + =
+ + + + + +

( ) ( ) ( )
2 2 2
40 80 160
2 4 2 4 2 4
x y z
xyz xyz xyz
x y z x y z x y z
= = =
+ + + + + +

So,
( ) ( ) ( )
2 2 2
40 80 160
2 4 2 4 2 4
x y z
x y z x y z x y z
= =
+ + + + + +

40 80 160 x y z = = 2 4 x y z = =
As 8 xyz = , 4, 2, 1 x y z = = (Ans).
(c) If cosh .cos , sinh .sin u a x y v a x y = = then show that
2
( , ) 1
(cosh 2 cos 2 )
( , ) 2
u v
a x y
x y
c
=
c
.
Ans: cosh .cos , sinh .sin u a x y v a x y = =

sinh .cos , cosh .sin
cosh .sin , sinh .cos
u v
a x y a x y
x x
u v
a x y a x y
y x
c c
= =
c c
c c
= =
c c



Now,
( , )
( , )
u u
x y
u v
v v x y
x y
c c
c c
c
=
c c c
c c

sinh cos cosh sin
( , )
cosh sin sinh cos ( , )
a x y a x y
u v
a x y a x y x y
c
=
c

2 2 2 2 2 2
( , )
sinh cos cosh sin
( , )
u v
a x y a x y
x y
c
= +
c

( )
2 2 2 2 2
( , )
sinh cos cosh sin
( , )
u v
a x y x y
x y
c
= +
c

2 2 2
( , ) 1 cos 2 1 cos 2
sinh cosh
( , ) 2 2
u v y y
a x x
x y
c + | |
= +
|
c
\ .

( )
2
2 2 2 2
( , )
sinh sinh cos 2 cosh cosh cos 2
( , ) 2
u v a
x x y x x y
x y
c
= + +
c

( ) ( )
2
2 2 2 2
( , )
sinh cosh cos 2 sinh cosh
( , ) 2
u v a
x x y x x
x y
c
= + +
c

( )
2
( , )
cosh 2 cos 2
( , ) 2
u v a
x y
x y
c
=
c
(Proved)
2 2
2 2
sinh cosh cosh 2
sinh cosh 1
x x x
x x
+ =


(a) If
x y z
x y z c = , show that
2
1
( log )
z
x ex
x y
c
=
c c
at x y z = = .
Ans:
x y z
x y z c =
log log log log x x y y z z c + + =
log log log log z z x x y y c = +
Differentiate with respect to x partially we get
(1 log ) (1 log )
z
z x
x
c
+ = +
c

(1 log )
(1 log )
z x
x z
c +
=
c +

Differentiate with respect to y partially we get

2
2
1 1
(1 log )
(1 log )
z z
x
x z z y
c c
= +
c c + c

2
2
(1 log ) 1 (1 log )
(1 log ) (1 log )
z x y
x z z z
| | c + +
=
|
c c + +
\ .

2
3
(1 log )(1 log )
(1 log )
z x y
x z z
c + +
=
c c +



2
3
( )
(1 log )(1 log )
(1 log )
x y z
z x x
x x x
= =
( c + +
=
(
c c +

2
( )
1
(1 log )
x y z
z
x x x
= =
( c
=
(
c c +

( )
2
1
( )
1 1
log
(log log ) log
x y z
z
x ex
x x e x x ex
= =
( c
= = =
(
c c +
(Proved)
(b) Show that the rectangular parallelepiped of maximum volume that can be
inscribed in a sphere is a cube.
Ans: Let Sides of rectangular parallelepiped are 2x, 2y, 2z.
Let R be the radius of the sphere.
Volume of the solid = 8 V xyz = ,
2 2 2 2
x y z R + + =
So,
2 2 2 2
, 8 x y z R V xyz = + + =

2 2 2
0
0 0
8 2 0 8 2 0 8 2 0
8 2 8 2 8 2
V
V V
y y
x x z z
yz x xz y xy z
xyz x xyz y xyz z

c c
c c c c
+ =
+ = + =
c c
c c c c
+ = + = + =
= = =

2 2 2
2 2 2 x y z = =

2 2 2
x y z = = x y z = =
So, Rectangular parallelepiped is a cube. (Proved).
(c) Evaluate the integral
2
0
log(1 )
1
x
dx
x
+
+
}
and hence show that
1
2
0
log(1 )
log 2
1 8
e
x
dx
x
+
=
+
}
.
Ans: Let
2
0
log(1 )
( )
1
x
F dx
x
+
=
+
}

2
2 2
0
log(1 ) log(1 )
'( ) ( ). 0
1 1
x d
F dx
x d

c + + | |
= +
|
c + +
\ .
}

( )( )
2
2 2
0
log(1 )
'( )
1 1 1
x
F dx
x x

+
= +
+ + +
}

( ) ( )
2
2 2 2 2 2 2
0 0 0
1 1 2 log(1 )
'( )
1 1 1 1 1 2 1 1
dx xdx dx
F
x x x

+
= + + +
+ + + + + + +
} } }

|
( ) ( )
2
2 1
2 2 0 2 2
0 0
1 1 log(1 )
'( ) log(1 ) log(1 ) tan
1 1 2 1 1
F x x x

+
( ( = + + + + +

+ + + +



( ) ( )
2 2
2 1
2 2 2 2
log(1 ) 1 log(1 )
'( ) log(1 ) tan
1 1 2 1 1
F

+ +
= + + + +
+ + + +

( ) ( )
2 1
2 2
log(1 ) tan
'( )
2 1 1
F

+
= +
+ +

( ) ( )
2 1
2 2
1 log(1 ) tan
( )
2 1 1
F d d

+
= +
+ +
} }

( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
1
2
2 2 2 2
1 2 tan
( ) log(1 )
2 1 1 1 1
d d
F d

(
( = + +
+ + + +
(

} } } }

( ) ( )
1 1
2 1
2 2
1 tan tan
( ) log(1 ) tan
2 1 1
F d d

= + +
+ +
} }

2 1
1
( ) log(1 ) tan
2
F C
= + + ----------(1)
But at 0, ( ) 0 0 F C = = =
So equation (1) is
2 1
1
( ) log(1 ) tan
2
F
= +

2 1
2
0
log(1 ) 1
log(1 ) tan
1 2
x
dx
x
+
= +
+
}
----------(2) (Ans)
By putting 1 = in equation (2) we get

1
1
2
0
log(1 ) 1
log 2. tan 1
1 2
x
dx
x
+
=
+
}

1
2
0
log(1 ) 1
log2.
1 2 4
x
dx
x
+
=
+
}

1
2
0
log(1 )
log 2
1 8
x
dx
x
+
=
+
}
(Proved)

SOLUTION (May-June-2007)

(a) If
3 3
1
tan
x y
u
x y
+
=
+
prove that sin 2
u u
x y u
x y
c c
+ =
c c

Ans:
3 3
1
tan
x y
u
x y
+
=
+

3 3
tan
x y
u
x y
+
=
+

Let tan u z =

3
3
3 3
2
1
1
y
x
x
x y y
z x
y x y x
x
x
| |
| |
+
|
|
|
\ .
+ | |
\ .
= = =
|
+ | |
\ .
+
|
\ .



By Eulers formula
z z
x y nz
x y
c c
+ =
c c

2
z z
x y z
x y
c c
+ =
c c

(tan ) (tan )
2tan
u u
x y u
x y
c c
+ =
c c

2 2
sec sec 2tan
u u
x u y u u
x y
c c
+ =
c c

2
2tan cos
u u
x y u u
x y
c c
+ =
c c

2sin cos
u u
x y u u
x y
c c
+ =
c c

sin 2
u u
x y u
x y
c c
+ =
c c
(Proved)
(b) Find the volume of the greatest rectangular parallelepiped inscribed in the
ellipsoid whose equation is
2 2 2
2 2 2
1
x y z
a b c
+ + = .
Ans: Let the edges of the parallelepiped be 2x, 2y, 2z which are parallel to axes.
Then its volume 8 V xyz = =
Now we have to find maximum value of V subject to the condition that

2 2 2
2 2 2
1 0
x y z
a b c
+ + =
So, let
2 2 2
2 2 2
8 1
x y z
F xyz
a b c
| |
= + + +
|
\ .

2 2 2
2 2 2
2 2 2
2 2 2
8 0 8 0 8 0
2 2 2
8 8 8
F y F x F z
xz yz zx
y b x a x c
x z y
xyz xyz xyz
a c b

c c c | | | | | |
= + = = + = = + =
| | |
c c c
\ . \ . \ .
| | | | | |
= = =
| | |
\ . \ . \ .

2 2 2
2 2 2
2 2 2 x y z
a b c

| | | | | |
= =
| | |
\ . \ . \ .

2 2 2
2 2 2
1
3
x y z
a b c
= = =
, ,
3 3 3
a b c
x y z = = =
At x = 0, the parallelepiped is just a rectangular sheet. So its volume = 0.
So, volume is maximum at , ,
3 3 3
a b c
x y z = = =


So, maximum volume
8
8
3 3
abc
xyz = = (Ans).
(c) If sin cos , sin sin , cos x r y r z r = = = then show that
2
( , , )
sin
( , , )
x y z
r
r

c
=
c
.
Ans: sin cos , sin sin , cos x r y r z r = = =
sin cos , cos cos , sin sin
x x x
r r
r

c c c
= = =
c c c
---------(1)
sin sin , cos sin , sin cos
y y y
r r
r

c c c
= = =
c c c
---------(2)
cos , sin , 0
z z z
r
r

c c c
= = =
c c c
---------(3)
Now,
( , , )
( , , )
x x x
r
x y z y y y
r r
z z z
r

c c c
c c c
c c c c
=
c c c c
c c c
c c c

sin cos cos cos sin sin
( , , )
sin sin cos sin sin cos
( , , )
cos sin 0
r r
x y z
r r
r
r

c
=
c

( )
2 2
2 2
( , , )
sin cos 0 sin cos cos cos (0 sin cos cos )
( , , )
sin sin ( sin sin cos sin )
x y z
r r r
r
r r r

c
= +
c

2 3 2 2 2 2 2 3 2 2 2 2
( , , )
sin cos sin cos cos sin sin sin cos sin
( , , )
x y z
r r r r
r

c
= + + +
c

( ) ( )
2 3 2 2 2 2 2 2
( , , )
sin cos sin sin cos cos sin
( , , )
x y z
r r
r

c
= + + +
c

2 3 2 2
( , , )
sin sin cos
( , , )
x y z
r r
r

c
= +
c

( )
2 2 2
( , , )
sin sin cos
( , , )
x y z
r
r

c
= +
c

2
( , , )
sin
( , , )
x y z
r
r

c
=
c
(Proved)




(a) State Eulers theorem on homogeneous function.
Ans: If u be homogeneous function of degree n in x & y, then
u u
x y nu
x y
c c
+ =
c c
.
(b) If
3 3
1
tan
x y
u
x y
+
=
prove that
2 2 2
2 2
2 2
2 2cos3 .sin
u u u
x xy y u u
x x y y
c c c
+ + =
c c c c
.
Ans:
3 3
1
tan
x y
u
x y
+
=
+

3 3
tan
x y
u
x y
+
=
+

Let tan u z =

3
3
3 3
2
1
1
y
x
x
x y y
z x
y x y x
x
x
| |
| |
+
|
|
|
\ .
+ | |
\ .
= = =
|
+ | |
\ .
+
|
\ .

By Eulers formula
z z
x y nz
x y
c c
+ =
c c

2
z z
x y z
x y
c c
+ =
c c
------------(1)

(tan ) (tan )
2tan
u u
x y u
x y
c c
+ =
c c

2 2
sec sec 2tan
u u
x u y u u
x y
c c
+ =
c c

2
2tan cos
u u
x y u u
x y
c c
+ =
c c
2sin cos
u u
x y u u
x y
c c
+ =
c c

sin 2
u u
x y u
x y
c c
+ =
c c
--------(2)
sin 2
u u
x y x y x y u
x y x y x y
| || | | | c c c c c c
+ + = +
| | |
c c c c c c
\ .\ . \ .

2 2 2
2 2
2 2
2 2cos 2
u u u u u u u
x xy y x y u x y
x x y y x y x y
| | c c c c c c c
+ + + + = +
|
c c c c c c c c
\ .

2 2 2
2 2
2 2
u u u
x xy y u u u
x x y y
c c c
+ + + =
c c c c

2 2 2
2 2
2 2
2 sin 4 sin 2
u u u
x xy y u u
x x y y
c c c
+ + =
c c c c



2 2 2
2 2
2 2
2 2cos3 .sin
u u u
x xy y u u
x x y y
c c c
+ + =
c c c c
(Proved)

(c) A rectangular box open at top, is to have a given capacity 32 cu unit. Find the
dimensions of the box requiring least material for its construction.
Ans: Let , , x y z be the edges of the box.
Given volume of the box = 32.
32 xyz = and surface area =
Let ( 2 2 ) ( 32) F xy yz zx xyz = + + +
2 0
F
y z yz
x

c
= + + =
c
-----------(1)
2 0
F
x z zx
y

c
= + + =
c
----------(2)
2 2 0
F
y x xy
z

c
= + + =
c
----------(3)
(2) (3) x y 2 2 0 zx zy x y = = --------(4)
(3) (4) y z 2 0 2 xy xz y z = = ---------(5)
So, 2 x y z = =
Given that 32 xyz =
2 .2 . 32 z z z =

3
4 32 2 z z = =
So, 4, 4, 2 x y z = = = (Ans)
(d) Using the method of differentiation under integral sign evaluate
1
2
0
tan
, 0
(1 )
ax
dx a
x x

>
+
}
.
Ans: Let
1
2
0
tan
( )
(1 )
ax
F a dx
x x

=
+
}

2 2 2
0
1 1
'( )
(1 ) 1
F a xdx
x x a x
=
+ +
} 2 2 2
0
1 1
'( )
1 1
F a dx
x a x
=
+ +
}

2
2
2
2 2 2
0
1
1
1
'( )
1 1
a
a
a
F a dx
x a x
| |
| |
|
|

\ . \ .
=
+ +
}

2
2 2 2 2 2
0 0
1
'( )
1 1 1 1
dx a dx
F a
a x a a x

| |
| |
=
| |
+ +
\ .
\ .
} }

2 1
1
2 2
0
0
1 tan
'( ) . tan .
1 1
a ax
F a x
a a a
| | (
| |
( =
| | (

\ .
\ .

2 2
1
'( ) . 0 . 0
1 2 1 2
a
F a
a a
| | | | | | | |
=
| | | |

\ . \ . \ . \ .



2
1 1
'( ) .
2 1 2 1
a
F a
a a
| |
= =
|
+
\ .

So, ( ) ( ) .log 1
2
F a a C
= + + --------------(1)
But a = 0, F(a) = 0. 0 C = ( ) ( ) .log 1
2
F a a
= +

1
2
0
tan
log(1 )
(1 ) 2
ax
dx a
x x

= +
+
}
(Ans)

SOLUTION (May-June-2008)

(a) Define Homogeneous function and state Eulers theorem.
Ans: Homogeneous Function: A function ( , , , ,.......) f x y z t is homogeneous
function of degree n in , , , ,....... x y z t if it can be expressed in the form
, , ,.......
n
y z t
x
x x x
| |
|
\ .
.
Eulers Theorem: If u be homogeneous function of degree n in x & y, then
u u
x y nu
x y
c c
+ =
c c
.
(b) If ( ) u f r = where
2 2 2
r x y = + , show that
2 2
2 2
1
( ) ( )
u u
f r f r
x y r
c c
'' ' + = +
c c
.
Ans: ( ) u f r =
'( ).
u r
f r
x x
c c
=
c c

2
2 2
2 2
''( ). '( )
u r r
f r f r
x x x
c c c | |
= +
|
c c c
\ .

Similarly,
2
2 2
2 2
''( ). '( )
u r r
f r f r
y y y
| | c c c
= +
|
c c c
\ .

Now,
2
2
2 2 2 2
2 2 2 2
''( ). '( )
u u r r r r
f r f r
x y x y x y
| |
| | | | c c c c c c | |
| + = + + +
| | |
|
c c c c c c
\ .
\ . \ .
\ .
-------(1)

2 2 2
r x y = +
2 2
r x y = +

( )
1
2 2
2
2 2
1
2
2
r x x
x y x
x r
x y
c
= + = =
c
+

Now,
2 2
2 2 2
2 2 2
.1 .
x
x y x
x y r
x x y
+
+ c
=
c +



( )
2 2 2 2 2
3 2 3
2 2
2
r x y x y
x r
x y
c +
= =
c
+

Similarly,
r y
y r
c
=
c
and
2 2
2 3
r x
y r
c
=
c

Now equation (1) becomes

2 2
2 2 2 2
2 2 3 3
''( ). '( )
u u x y y x
f r f r
x y r r r r
| |
| | c c | | | |
+ = + + +
|
| | |
|
c c
\ . \ .
\ .
\ .

2 2 2 2 2 2
2 2 2 3
''( ). '( )
u u x y x y
f r f r
x y r r
| | | | c c + +
+ = +
| |
c c
\ . \ .

2 2
2 2
1
''( ).1 '( ).
u u
f r f r
x y r
c c
+ = +
c c
as
2 2 2
r x y = +
So,
2 2
2 2
1
( ) ( )
u u
f r f r
x y r
c c
'' ' + = +
c c
.
(c) Find the maxima and minima of
2 2 2
u x y z = + + subject to the condition
2 2 2
1 ax by cz + + = and 0 lx my nc + + = .
Ans:
2 2 2
u x y z = + +

2 2 2
1 ax by cz = + +
lx my nc = + +
Then

1 2
1 2 1 2
1 2 1 2
1 2
0
0 0
2 2 0.....(1) 2 2 0.....(3)
2 2 0.....(2)
u
u u
y y y
x x x z z z
x ax l z cz n
y by m

c c c
c c c c c c
+ + =
+ + = + + =
c c c
c c c c c c
+ + = + + =
+ + =

(1).x+(2).y+(3).z

2 2 2 2 2 2
1 2
2( ) 2( ) ( ) 0 x y z ax by cz lx my nz + + + + + + + + =

1 1
2 2 0 u u + = = ---------(4)
Now putting in (1), (2), (3) we get

2 2 2
, ,
2 2 2 2 2 2
l m n
x y z
au bu cu

= = =

Now putting in 0 lx my nc + + = we get,

2 2 2
2 2 2
0
2 2 2 2 2 2
l m n
au bu cu

+ + =

2 2 2
0
2 2 2 2 2 2
l m n
au bu cu
+ + =

So, stationary value of u satisfies
2 2 2
0
2 2 2 2 2 2
l m n
au bu cu
+ + =

.


(d) Prove that
/ 2
2 2 2 2
0
log( cos sin ) log
2
d

+
+ =
}
.
Ans:
/2
2 2 2 2
0
( ) log( cos sin ) F d
= +
}
---------(1)
Then by method of differentiation under integral sign, we get

( )
/ 2
2 2 2 2
0
'( ) log( cos sin ) F d
c
= +
c
}

/ 2 2
2 2 2 2
0
2 cos
'( )
cos sin
F d

=
+
}

/ 2
2 2 2
0
'( ) 2
n
d
F
ta

=
+
}
-----------(2)
Let
2
2 2 2 2
tan sec
sec (1 tan ) t
dt dt dt
t dt d d

= = = = =
+ +

So, (1) becomes
2 2 2 2
0
'( ) 2
( )( )
dt
F
t t

=
+ +
}

2 2 2 2 2 2
0
2 1 1
'( ) F dt
t t
=
+ +
}

1 1
2 2
0
2 1 1
'( ) tan tan
t t
F

(
=
(

2 2
2 1 1
'( )
2 2
F

(
=
(

'( ) F

=
+

( ) F d C

= +
+
}

( ) ( ) log F C = + + -----------(3)
Putting 0 = in (1) we get
/ 2 / 2 / 2
0 0 0
(0) 2log( sin ) 2log 2 logsin F d d d

= = +
} } }

1
(0) 2log 2 log
2 2 2
F

= +
1
(0) log log
2
F = +
Putting 0 = in (3) we get ( ) (0) log F C = +
So, ( )
1
log log log
2
C + = +


1
log
2
C =
Putting the value of C in (3) we get
( )
1
( ) log log log
2 2
F

+ | |
= + + =
|
\ .
(Proved).

SOLUTION (Dec-Jan-2008-2009)

(a) If
y y
z x
x x

| | | |
= +
| |
\ . \ .
then:
2 2 2
2 2
2 2
2 ____.
u u u
x xy y
x x y y
c c c
+ + =
c c c c

Ans: 0 (Zero).
(b) If
8 8 8
2 3
sin
x y z
u
x y z
+ +
=
+ +
, show that 3tan 0
u u u
x y z u
x y z
c c c
+ + + =
c c c
.
Ans:
8 8 8
2 3
sin
x y z
u
x y z
+ +
=
+ +

Let
8 8 8
2 3
sin
x y z
t u
x y z
+ +
= =
+ +

( )
( ) ( )
3
8
8
4
1 2 3
,
1
y
z
x x
y
z
x x
x
y z
t x
x x
x
+ +
| |
= =
|
\ .
+ +

So, z is homogeneous function of order (n = -3)
So, by Eulers formula
t t t
x y z nt
x y z
c c c
+ + =
c c c

sin sin sin
3sin
u u u
x y z u
x y z
c c c
+ + =
c c c

cos cos cos 3sin
u u u
x u y u z u u
x y z
c c c
+ + =
c c c

3tan
u u u
x y z u
x y z
c c c
+ + =
c c c

3tan 0
u u u
x y z u
x y z
c c c
+ + + =
c c c
(Proved)

(c) A rectangular box open at top, is to have volume of 32 cu. Cm. Find the
dimensions of the box requiring least material for its construction.
Ans: Let , , x y z be the edges of the box.
Given volume of the box = 32.
32 xyz = and surface area =
Let ( 2 2 ) ( 32) F xy yz zx xyz = + + +
2 0
F
y z yz
x

c
= + + =
c
-----------(1)


2 0
F
x z zx
y

c
= + + =
c
----------(2)
2 2 0
F
y x xy
z

c
= + + =
c
----------(3)
(2) (3) x y 2 2 0 zx zy x y = = --------(4)
(3) (4) y z 2 0 2 xy xz y z = = ---------(5)
So, 2 x y z = =
Given that 32 xyz =
2 .2 . 32 z z z =

3
4 32 2 z z = =
So, 4, 4, 2 x y z = = = (Ans)
(d) Using the method of differentiation under integral sign prove that
1
2
0
tan
log(1 ), 0
(1 ) 2
ax
dx a a
x x

= + >
+
}
.
Ans: Let
1
2
0
tan
( )
(1 )
ax
F a dx
x x

=
+
}

2 2 2
0
1 1
'( )
(1 ) 1
F a xdx
x x a x
=
+ +
}

2 2 2
0
1 1
'( )
1 1
F a dx
x a x
=
+ +
}

2
2
2
2 2 2
0
1
1
1
'( )
1 1
a
a
a
F a dx
x a x
| |
| |
|
|

\ . \ .
=
+ +
}

2
2 2 2 2 2
0 0
1
'( )
1 1 1 1
dx a dx
F a
a x a a x

| |
| |
=
| |
+ +
\ .
\ .
} }

2 1
1
2 2
0
0
1 tan
'( ) . tan .
1 1
a ax
F a x
a a a
| | (
| |
( =
| | (

\ .
\ .

2 2
1
'( ) . 0 . 0
1 2 1 2
a
F a
a a
| | | | | | | |
=
| | | |

\ . \ . \ . \ .

2
1 1
'( ) .
2 1 2 1
a
F a
a a
| |
= =
|
+
\ .

So, ( ) ( ) .log 1
2
F a a C
= + + --------------(1)
But a = 0, F(a) = 0. 0 C =
( ) ( ) .log 1
2
F a a
= +


1
2
0
tan
log(1 )
(1 ) 2
ax
dx a
x x

= +
+
}
(Proved)
Solution (Apr-May-2009)

(a) Fill up the blank:
If z is homogeneous function of degree n in x and y then,
2 2 2
2 2
2 2
2 ____.
u u u
x xy y
x x y y
c c c
+ + =
c c c c

Ans:
2 2 2
2 2
2 2
2 ( 1) .
u u u
x xy y n n z
x x y y
c c c
+ + =
c c c c

(b) If
3 3
1
tan
x y
u
x y
| | +
=
|
\ .
, prove that
(i) sin 2
u u
x y u
x y
c c
+ =
c c

(ii)
2 2 2
2 2
2 2
2 2cos3 .sin
u u u
x xy y u u
x x y y
c c c
+ + =
c c c c
.
Ans:
3 3
1
tan
x y
u
x y
+
=
+

3 3
tan
x y
u
x y
+
=
+

Let tan u z =

3
3
3 3
2
1
1
y
x
x
x y y
z x
y x y x
x
x
| |
| |
+
|
|
|
\ .
+ | |
\ .
= = =
|
+ | |
\ .
+
|
\ .

By Eulers formula
z z
x y nz
x y
c c
+ =
c c

2
z z
x y z
x y
c c
+ =
c c
------------(1)

(tan ) (tan )
2tan
u u
x y u
x y
c c
+ =
c c

2 2
sec sec 2tan
u u
x u y u u
x y
c c
+ =
c c

2
2tan cos
u u
x y u u
x y
c c
+ =
c c

2sin cos
u u
x y u u
x y
c c
+ =
c c

sin 2
u u
x y u
x y
c c
+ =
c c
(proved)--------(2)


sin 2
u u
x y x y x y u
x y x y x y
| || | | | c c c c c c
+ + = +
| | |
c c c c c c
\ .\ . \ .

2 2 2
2 2
2 2
2 2cos 2
u u u u u u u
x xy y x y u x y
x x y y x y x y
| | c c c c c c c
+ + + + = +
|
c c c c c c c c
\ .

2 2 2
2 2
2 2
u u u
x xy y u u u
x x y y
c c c
+ + + =
c c c c

2 2 2
2 2
2 2
2 sin 4 sin 2
u u u
x xy y u u
x x y y
c c c
+ + =
c c c c

2 2 2
2 2
2 2
2 2cos3 .sin
u u u
x xy y u u
x x y y
c c c
+ + =
c c c c
(Proved)
(c) Find the volume of the greatest rectangular parallelepiped that can be
inscribed in the ellipsoid:
2 2 2
2 2 2
1
x y z
a b c
+ + = .
Ans: Let the edges of the parallelepiped be 2x, 2y, 2z which are parallel to axes.
Then its volume 8 V xyz = =
Now we have to find maximum value of V subject to the condition that

2 2 2
2 2 2
1 0
x y z
a b c
+ + =
So, let
2 2 2
2 2 2
8 1
x y z
F xyz
a b c
| |
= + + +
|
\ .

2 2 2
2 2 2
2 2 2
2 2 2
8 0 8 0 8 0
2 2 2
8 8 8
F y F x F z
xz yz zx
y b x a x c
x z y
xyz xyz xyz
a c b

c c c | | | | | |
= + = = + = = + =
| | |
c c c
\ . \ . \ .
| | | | | |
= = =
| | |
\ . \ . \ .

2 2 2
2 2 2
2 2 2 x y z
a b c

| | | | | |
= =
| | |
\ . \ . \ .

2 2 2
2 2 2
1
3
x y z
a b c
= = =
, ,
3 3 3
a b c
x y z = = =
At x = 0, the parallelepiped is just a rectangular sheet. So its volume = 0.
So, volume is maximum at , ,
3 3 3
a b c
x y z = = =
So, maximum volume
8
8
3 3
abc
xyz = = (Ans).


(d) Prove that
2
1 1 2
0
1
tan 2 tan log( 1)
2
a
d x
dx a a a
da a

| |
= +
|
\ .
}
. Verify your result by
direct integration.
Ans:
2 2
2
1 2 1
2 2
0 0
2
1
tan tan 0
1
a a
d x x d a
dx dx a
x da a a da a
a

| | | |
= + +
| |
\ .
\ .
+
} }

( )
2 2
1 1
2 2
0 0
tan 2 tan
a a
d x x
dx dx a a
da a x a

| |
= +
|
+
\ .
} }

( )
2
2
1 2 2 1
0 0
1
tan log( ) 2 tan
2
a
a
d x
dx x a a a
da a

| | (
= + +
|
(
\ .
}

( ) ( )
2
1 2 4 2 1
0
1
tan log( ) log( ) 2 tan
2
a
d x
dx a a a a a
da a

| |
= + +
|
\ .
}

( )
2
2 4
1 1
2
0
1
tan log 2 tan
2
a
d x a a
dx a a
da a a

| | + | |
= +
| |
\ .
\ .
}

( ) ( )
2
1 1 2
0
1
tan 2 tan log 1
2
a
d x
dx a a a
da a

| |
= +
|
\ .
}
(Proved).


(a) Explain Jacobian of w v u , , with respect to z y x , , .
Ans: - Jacobian of w v u , , with respect to z y x , , is

z
w
y
w
x
w
z
v
y
v
x
v
z
u
y
u
x
u
z y x
w v u
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
=
c
c
) , , (
) , , (

(b) If
( )
3 3 3
log 3 u x y z xyz = + + , show that
2
2
9
( )
u
x y z x y z
| | c c c
+ + =
|
c c c + +
\ .
.
Ans: -
( )
3 3 3
log 3 u x y z xyz = + +

2 2 2
3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3
3 3 3 3 3 3
, ,
3 3 3
u x yz u y xz u z xy
x x y z xyz y x y z xyz z x y z xyz
c c c
= = =
c + + c + + c + +

2 2 2
3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3
3 3 3 3 3 3
3 3 3
x yz y xz z xy
u
x x x x y z xyz x y z xyz x y z xyz
c c c | |
+ + = + +
|
c c c + + + + + +
\ .



2 2 2
3 3 3
3 3 3 3 3 3
3
x yz y xz z xy
u
x x x x y z xyz
c c c + + | |
+ + =
|
c c c + +
\ .

( )
( )
2 2 2
2 2 2
3
( )
x y z xy yz zx
u
x x x x y z x y z xy yz zx
+ +
c c c | |
+ + =
|
c c c + + + + \ .

3
( )
u
x x x x y z
c c c | |
+ + =
|
c c c + +
\ .

2
u u
x x x x x x x x x
c c c c c c | c c c | | | | | | |
+ + = + + + +
| | | |
c c c c c c c c c
\ . \ . \ . \ .

2
3
( )
u
x x x x x x x y z
c c c c c c | | | |
+ + = + +
| |
c c c c c c + +
\ . \ .

2
2 2 2
3 3 3
( ) ( ) ( )
u
x x x x y z x y z x y z
c c c | |
+ + = + +
|
c c c + + + + + +
\ .

2
2
9
( )
u
x y z x y z
| | c c c
+ + =
|
c c c + +
\ .
(Proved)
(c) Show that the rectangular solid of maximum volume that can be inscribed in
a given sphere is a cube.
Ans: - Let the equation of the sphere is
2 2 2 2
x y z a + + = ---------------(1)
Let , , x y z be the sides of rectangular solid inscribed in the sphere
So, volume of the solid V xyz =

2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 4 2 2 4
( ) u V x y z x y a x y a x y x y x y = = = =

2 2 3 2 4 2 2 4 2 3
2 4 2 , 2 2 4
u u
a xy x y xy a x y x y x y
x y
c c
= =
c c

For maximum 0, 0
u u
x y
c c
= =
c c

2 2 3 2 4 2 2 4 2 3
2 4 2 0, 2 2 4 0 a xy x y xy a x y x y x y = =

( ) ( )
2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2
2 2 0, 2 2 0 xy a x y x y a x y = =

( ) ( )
2 2 2 2 2 2
2 0, 2 0 a x y a x y = =

2 2 2 2 2 2
2 , 2 x y a x y a + = + = ----------------(2)

2 2
0 x y x y = =
Putting in (2) we get
3
a
x y = = ---------------(3)
Putting values of x and y in (1) we get
3
a
z = -------------(4)
From (3) and (4)
3
a
x y z = = = .


Now,
2
2 2 2 2 4
2
2 12 2
u
r a y x y y
x
c
= =
c

2
2 3 3
4 8 8
u
s a xy x y xy
x y
c
= =
c c

2
2 2 4 2 2
2
2 2 12
u
t a x x x y
y
c
= =
c

At
3
a
x y = = ,
4 4 4
8 4 8
, ,
9 9 9
a a a
r s t = = =
So,
8
2
48
0
81
a
rt s = > and 0 r < so volume V is maximum when
3
a
x y z = = =
So, the volume is maximum when rectangular solid is a cube. (Proved)
(d) Evaluate the integral:
1
0
1
log
x
dx
x
}
by applying differentiation under integral
sign( ) 0 > .
Ans: Let
1
0
1
( )
log
x
F dx
x

=
}

1
0
1
( )
log
x
F dx
x
| | c
' =
|
c
\ .
}

1
1 1 1
0 0 0
log 1
( )
log 1 1
x x x
F dx x dx
x

+
(
' = = = =
(
+ +
} }

1
( ) log( 1)
1
F d c
= = + +
+
}
------------------(1)
Form (1) when 0 = , 0 ) ( = F
Putting in (2) we get 0 = c .
So, ( ) log( 1) F = +
1
0
1
log( 1)
log
x
dx
x
= +
}
(Ans).



Solution (May-June-2010)

(a) If z y x w z y x v y x u 3 2 , , 2
2
+ = + + = = find
) , , (
) , , (
z y x
w v u
c
c
.
Ans: - 4 10 0 ) 1 3 ( 2 ) 2 3 ( 2
3 2 1
1 1 1
0 2 2
) , , (
) , , (
+ = + + + =
=
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
=
c
c
x x
x
z
w
y
w
x
w
z
v
y
v
x
v
z
u
y
u
x
u
z y x
w v u
.
(b) The temperature T at any point ) , , ( z y x in space is
2
) , , ( kxyz z y x T = where k
is a constant. Find the highest temperature on the surface of the sphere
2 2 2 2
a z y x = + + .
Ans: - Here
2
) , , ( kxyz z y x T = and 0 ) , , (
2 2 2 2
= + + = a z y x z y x
) , , ( ) , , ( ) , , ( z y x z y x T z y x F + =
) ( ) , , (
2 2 2 2 2
a z y x kxyz z y x F + + + =
x kyz
x
F
2
2
+ =
c
c
, y kxz
y
F
2
2
+ =
c
c
, z kxyz
z
F
2 2 + =
c
c

As, 0 =
c
c
x
F
, 0 =
c
c
y
F
, 0 =
c
c
z
F

0 2
2
= + x kyz , 0 2
2
= + y kxz , 0 2 2 = + z kxyz
= = = =
z
kxyz
y
kxz
x
kyz
2
2
2 2
2 2

2 2 2 2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
) ( 2
4
2
2
2 2 a
f
z y x
kxyz
z
kxyz
y
kxyz
x
kxyz
=
+ +
= = = =

2
,
2
,
2 2
,
4
,
4
2
2
2
2
2
2
a
z
a
y
a
x
a
z
a
y
a
x = = = = = =
Maximum temperature =
8 2 2 2
) , , (
4 2
2
ka a a a
k kxyz z y x T = = = (Ans).
(c) Find the maximum and minimum distances of the point (3, 4, 12) from the
sphere 1
2 2 2
= + + z y x .
Ans: -Let P(x, y, z) be any point on the sphere and A(3, 4, 12) the given point so that
) , , ( ) 12 ( ) 4 ( ) 3 ( ) (
2 2 2 2
z y x f z y x AP = + + = ----------------(1)
We have to find the maximum and minimum values of ) , , ( z y x f subject to the
condition
0 1 ) , , (
2 2 2
= + + = z y x z y x .
Now, ) , , ( ) , , ( ) , , ( z y x z y x f z y x F + =
( ) 1 ) 12 ( ) 4 ( ) 3 (
2 2 2 2 2 2
+ + + + + = z y x z y x


x x
x
F
2 ) 3 ( 2 + =
c
c
, y y
y
F
2 ) 4 ( 2 + =
c
c
, z z
z
F
2 ) 12 ( 2 + =
c
c

As, 0 =
c
c
x
F
, 0 =
c
c
y
F
, 0 =
c
c
z
F

0 2 ) 3 ( 2 = + x x , 0 2 ) 4 ( 2 = + y y , 0 2 ) 12 ( 2 = + z z
f
z y x
z y x
z
z
y
y
x
x
=
+ +
+ +
=
=
2 2 2
2 2 2
) 12 ( ) 4 ( ) 3 ( 12 4 3

So,
f
z
f
y
f
x
=
+
=
=
+
=
=
+
=
1
12
1
12
,
1
4
1
4
,
1
3
1
3

As, 1
2 2 2
= + + z y x
1
1
12
1
4
1
3
2 2 2
=
|
|
.
|
\
|
+
|
|
.
|
\
|
+
|
|
.
|
\
|
f f f

( ) 169 1
2
= f
( ) 14 , 12 13 1 = = f f
So, Maximum value = 14 and minimum value = 12.

(d) Using the method of differentiation under the sign of integration, prove that
) 4 / (
0
2 2
2
cos

=
}
e xdx e
x
.
Ans: - Let
}
=
0
cos ) (
2
xdx e F
x

( )
} }

= = '
0 0
sin sin ) (
2 2
xdx xe dx x x e F
x x

( )
} } }

|
|
.
|
\
|
= '
0 0 0
) (sin sin ) (
2 2
dx x
dx
d
dx xe dx xe x F
x x

}

(
(
= '
0
0
cos
2 2
. sin ) (
2 2
xdx
e e
x F
x x

) (
2
) 0 0 ( ) (
F F = '

2 ) (
) (
=
'
F
F
on integrating
C F ln
4
)) ( ln(
2
+ =

4
2
) (

= Ce F ----------------------(1)


At 0 = ,
} }

= =
0
2 / 1
0
.
2
1
) (
2
dx t e dx e F
t x
let dt
t
dx t x
2
1
= =

2
1
2
1
2
1
1
2
1
2
1
) 0 ( = |
.
|
\
|
I = |
.
|
\
|
+ I = F ------------(2)
From (1) and (2)
2
= C
So,
4
2
2
) (

= e F
) 4 / (
0
2 2
2
cos

=
}
e xdx e
x
(Proved)

Ans. If u be homogeneous function of degree n in x & y, then
u u
x y nu
x y
c c
+ =
c c
.

(b) If
3 3
1
tan
x y
u
x y
+
=
prove that u u
y
u
y
y x
u
xy
x
u
x 2 sin 4 sin 2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
=
c
c
+
c c
c
+
c
c
.
Ans:

3 3
1
tan
x y
u
x y
+
=
+

3 3
tan
x y
u
x y
+
=
+

Let
tan u z =

3
3
3 3
2
1
1
y
x
x
x y y
z x
y x y x
x
x
| |
| |
+
|
|
|
\ .
+ | |
\ .
= = =
|
+ | |
\ .
+
|
\ .

By Eulers formula
z z
x y nz
x y
c c
+ =
c c

2
z z
x y z
x y
c c
+ =
c c
------------(1)

(tan ) (tan )
2tan
u u
x y u
x y
c c
+ =
c c

2 2
sec sec 2tan
u u
x u y u u
x y
c c
+ =
c c

2
2tan cos
u u
x y u u
x y
c c
+ =
c c
2sin cos
u u
x y u u
x y
c c
+ =
c c



sin 2
u u
x y u
x y
c c
+ =
c c
--------(2)

sin 2
u u
x y x y x y u
x y x y x y
| || | | | c c c c c c
+ + = +
| | |
c c c c c c
\ .\ . \ .

2 2 2
2 2
2 2
2 2cos 2
u u u u u u u
x xy y x y u x y
x x y y x y x y
| | c c c c c c c
+ + + + = +
|
c c c c c c c c
\ .

2 2 2
2 2
2 2
u u u
x xy y u u u
x x y y
c c c
+ + + =
c c c c

2 2 2
2 2
2 2
2 sin 4 sin 2
u u u
x xy y u u
x x y y
c c c
+ + =
c c c c

(c) Prove that of all rectangular parallelepiped of given surface, cube has the
maximum volume.
Ans
.Let Sides of rectangular parallelepiped are 2x, 2y, 2z.
Let R be the radius of the sphere.
Volume of the solid =
8 V xyz =
,
2 2 2 2
x y z R + + =

So,
2 2 2 2
, 8 x y z R V xyz = + + =

2 2 2
0
0 0
8 2 0 8 2 0 8 2 0
8 2 8 2 8 2
V
V V
y y
x x z z
yz x xz y xy z
xyz x xyz y xyz z

c c
c c c c
+ =
+ = + =
c c
c c c c
+ = + = + =
= = =

2 2 2
2 2 2 x y z = =

2 2 2
x y z = = x y z = =

So, Rectangular parallelepiped is a cube. (Proved).

(d) Evaluate
1
2
0
tan
, 0
(1 )
ax
dx a
x x

>
+
}
by using the method of differentiation under integral
sign.
Ans: Let
1
2
0
tan
( )
(1 )
ax
F a dx
x x

=
+
}

2
2
2
2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2
0 0 0
1
1 1 1 1 1 1
'( )
(1 ) 1 1 1 1 1
a
a
a
F a xdx dx dx
x x a x x a x x a x

| |
| |
|
|

\ . \ .
= = =
+ + + + + +
} } }

2
2 2 2 2 2
0 0
1
'( )
1 1 1 1
dx a dx
F a
a x a a x

| |
| |
=
| |
+ +
\ .
\ .
} }



2 1
1
2 2
0
0
1 tan
'( ) . tan .
1 1
a ax
F a x
a a a
| | (
| |
( =
| | (

\ .
\ .

2 2
1
'( ) . 0 . 0
1 2 1 2
a
F a
a a
| | | | | | | |
=
| | | |

\ . \ . \ . \ .

2
1 1
'( ) .
2 1 2 1
a
F a
a a
| |
= =
|
+
\ .

So,
( ) ( ) .log 1
2
F a a C
= + +
--------------(1)
But a = 0, F(a) = 0.
0 C =

( ) ( ) .log 1
2
F a a
= +

1
2
0
tan
log(1 )
(1 ) 2
ax
dx a
x x

= +
+
}
(Proved)

a) Define maxima and minima for function of two variables.
b) If
2
4
.
n
r
t
t e

= ,find that value of n will make
2
2
1
r
r r r t
c c c
=
`
c c c
)

c)
2
1
tan ,
y
u prove that
x
| |
=
|
\ .
2 2 2
2 2 2
2 2
2 sin sin 2 .
u u u
x xy y u u
x x y y
c c c
+ + =
c c c c

Ans:

( )
1 2
tan / u y x
=
2
tan / u y x =
Let
tan u z =
2
2
2
/ . .
y y
z y x x x
x x
| |
= = =
|
\ .

By Eulers formula
z z
x y nz
x y
c c
+ =
c c

z z
x y z
x y
c c
+ =
c c
------------(1)

(tan ) (tan )
tan
u u
x y u
x y
c c
+ =
c c

2 2
sec sec tan
u u
x u y u u
x y
c c
+ =
c c

2
tan cos
u u
x y u u
x y
c c
+ =
c c



sin 2
2
u u u
x y
x y
c c
+ =
c c
----------(2)

sin 2
2
u u u
x y x y x y
x y x y x y
| | | | | | c c c c c c
+ + = +
| | |
c c c c c c
\ . \ . \ .

2 2 2
2 2
2 2
2 cos 2
u u u u u u u
x xy y x y u x y
x x y y x y x y
| | c c c c c c c
+ + + + = +
|
c c c c c c c c
\ .

2 2 2
2 2
2 2
sin 2 sin 2
2 cos 2 .
2 2
u u u u u
x xy y u
x x y y
c c c
+ + + =
c c c c

2 2 2
2 2
2 2
sin 2 sin 2
2 cos 2 .
2 2
u u u u u
x xy y u
x x y y
c c c
+ + =
c c c c

( )
2 2 2
2 2
2 2
sin 2
2 . cos 2 1
2
u u u u
x xy y u
x x y y
c c c
+ + =
c c c c

( )
2 2 2
2 2 2
2 2
sin 2
2 . 2sin
2
u u u u
x xy y u
x x y y
c c c
+ + =
c c c c

2 2 2
2 2 2
2 2
2 sin .sin 2
u u u
x xy y u u
x x y y
c c c
+ + =
c c c c
(Proved)

d) By the method of differentiation under integral sign, prove that
1
0
1
log( 1), 1
log
x
dx
x
= + >
}
.
Ans: Let
1
0
1
( )
log
x
F dx
x

=
}

1
0
1
( )
log
x
F dx
x
| | c
' =
|
c
\ .
}

1
1 1 1
0 0 0
log 1
( )
log 1 1
x x x
F dx x dx
x

+
(
' = = = =
(
+ +
} }

1
( ) log( 1)
1
F d c
= = + +
+
}
------------------ (1)
Form (1) when
0 =
, 0 ) ( = F
Putting in (2) we get 0 = c .
So,
( ) log( 1) F = +





u u
x y nu
x y
c c
+ =
c c
.
(b) If
3 3
1
tan
x y
u
x y
+
=
prove that u u
y
u
y
y x
u
xy
x
u
x 2 sin 4 sin 2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
=
c
c
+
c c
c
+
c
c

2
u u
x y Sin u
x y
c c
+ =
c c

2
u u
x y Sin u
x y
c c
+ =
c c

3 3
1
tan
x y
u
x y
+
=
+

3 3
tan
x y
u
x y
+
=
+

Let
tan u z =

3
3
3 3
2
1
1
y
x
x
x y y
z x
y x y x
x
x
| |
| |
+
|
|
|
\ .
+ | |
\ .
= = =
|
+ | |
\ .
+
|
\ .

By Eulers formula
z z
x y nz
x y
c c
+ =
c c

2
z z
x y z
x y
c c
+ =
c c

(tan ) (tan )
2tan
u u
x y u
x y
c c
+ =
c c

2 2
sec sec 2tan
u u
x u y u u
x y
c c
+ =
c c

2
2tan cos
u u
x y u u
x y
c c
+ =
c c
2sin cos
u u
x y u u
x y
c c
+ =
c c

sin 2
u u
x y u
x y
c c
+ =
c c
--..Ans
Differentiate the equation 1 w.r.t to x and y respectively and add we will have
sin 2 ........................2
u u
x y x y x y u
x y x y x y
| || | | | c c c c c c
+ + = +
| | |
c c c c c c
\ .\ . \ .

2 2 2
2 2
2 2
2 2cos 2
u u u u u u u
x xy y x y u x y
x x y y x y x y
| | c c c c c c c
+ + + + = +
|
c c c c c c c c
\ .



2 2 2
2 2
2 2
u u u
x xy y u u u
x x y y
c c c
+ + + =
c c c c

2 2 2
2 2
2 2
2 sin 4 sin 2
u u u
x xy y u u
x x y y
c c c
+ + =
c c c c

Prove that of all rectangular parallelepiped of given surface, cube has the maximum
volume.

Evaluate
1
2
0
tan
, 0
(1 )
ax
dx a
x x

>
+
}
by using the method of differentiation under integral sign.

Ans:-Here
1
2
0
tan
, 0
(1 )
ax
dx a
x x

>
+
}

So ,by differentiating under the integral sign ,we have
JI
Jo
= _
o
oo
_
ton
-1
ox
x( 1 + x
2
_
0
Jx
=
1
x( 1+x
2
)
0
x.1
1+u
2
x
2
Jx

=
x( 1+x
2
)
0
dx
1+u
2
x
2

=
1
1-u
2
[
1
( 1+x
2
)
0

u
2
1+u
2
x
2
] Jx

=
1
1-u
2
[ ton
-1
x oton
-1
ox]
0

=
1
1-u
2
j
n
2
o.
n
2
[ =
1-u
1-u
2
.
n
2

=
1
1+u
.
n
2

Which on integration w.r.t to a gives
I=
1
1+u
2
.
n
2
Jo + c

=
n
2
log( 1 + o) + c.


If a=0 ,then I=0 c=0

Therefore, I=
n
2
log( 1 + o)

Now when a<0 then l i m
x
ton
-1
( ox) =
n
2

So,
JI
Jo
=
1
1 o
2
j
n
2
o(
n
2
) [ =
1 + o
1 o
2
.
n
2
=
1
1 o
.
n
2

Now integrating with respect to a ,we get
I=
1
1-u
2
.
n
2
Jo + =
n
2
log( 1 o) + .
I o = 0 , tcn I = 0. So D=0.

Hence I =
n
2
log( 1 o)


u u
x y nu
x y
c c
+ =
c c
.
(b) If
x y z
x y z c = , show that
2
1
( log )
z
x ex
x y
c
=
c c
at x y z = = .
Ans:
x y z
x y z c =

log log log log x x y y z z c + + =

log log log log z z x x y y c = +

Differentiate with respect to x partially we get

(1 log ) (1 log )
z
z x
x
c
+ = +
c

(1 log )
(1 log )
z x
x z
c +
=
c +

Differentiate with respect to y partially we get

2
2
1 1
(1 log )
(1 log )
z z
x
x z z y
c c
= +
c c + c

2
2
(1 log ) 1 (1 log )
(1 log ) (1 log )
z x y
x z z z
| | c + +
=
|
c c + +
\ .

2
3
(1 log )(1 log )
(1 log )
z x y
x z z
c + +
=
c c +



2
3
( )
(1 log )(1 log )
(1 log )
x y z
z x x
x x x
= =
( c + +
=
(
c c +

2
( )
1
(1 log )
x y z
z
x x x
= =
( c
=
(
c c +

( )
2
1
( )
1 1
log
(log log ) log
x y z
z
x ex
x x e x x ex
= =
( c
= = =
(
c c +
(Proved)

(c) If
3 3
1
tan
x y
u
x y
+
=
prove that
i. 2
u u
x y Sin u
x y
c c
+ =
c c

2
u u
x y Sin u
x y
c c
+ =
c c

3 3
1
tan
x y
u
x y
+
=
+

3 3
tan
x y
u
x y
+
=
+

Let
tan u z =

3
3
3 3
2
1
1
y
x
x
x y y
z x
y x y x
x
x
| |
| |
+
|
|
|
\ .
+ | |
\ .
= = =
|
+ | |
\ .
+
|
\ .

By Eulers formula
z z
x y nz
x y
c c
+ =
c c

2
z z
x y z
x y
c c
+ =
c c

(tan ) (tan )
2tan
u u
x y u
x y
c c
+ =
c c

2 2
sec sec 2tan
u u
x u y u u
x y
c c
+ =
c c

2
2tan cos
u u
x y u u
x y
c c
+ =
c c
2sin cos
u u
x y u u
x y
c c
+ =
c c

sin 2
u u
x y u
x y
c c
+ =
c c
--..1
Ans:


ii. Differentiate the equation 1 w.r.t to x and y respectively and add we will
have
sin 2 ........................2
u u
x y x y x y u
x y x y x y
| || | | | c c c c c c
+ + = +
| | |
c c c c c c
\ .\ . \ .

2 2 2
2 2
2 2
2 2cos 2
u u u u u u u
x xy y x y u x y
x x y y x y x y
| | c c c c c c c
+ + + + = +
|
c c c c c c c c
\ .

2 2 2
2 2
2 2
u u u
x xy y u u u
x x y y
c c c
+ + + =
c c c c

2 2 2
2 2
2 2
2 sin 4 sin 2
u u u
x xy y u u
x x y y
c c c
+ + =
c c c c

iii.
2 2 2
2 2
2 2
2 4 sin 2
u u u
x xy y Sin u u
x x y y
c c c
+ + =
c c c c

(d) Divide 24 into three parts such that the continued product of the first, square of
second and cube of third may be maximum
Ans: Let , , x y z are three parts of 24.

24 x y z + + =
and
2 3
p xy z =

So,
2 3
p xy z =
and
24 x y z = + +

2 3 3 2 2
2 3 2 3 2 3
0
0 0
0 2 0 3 0
6 6 0 6 3 0 6 2 0
p
p p
y y
x x z z
y z xyz xy z
xy z x xy z y xy z z

c c
c c c c
+ =
+ = + =
c c
c c c c
+ = + = + =
+ = + = + =

Now,
6 3 2 6 3 2 x y z x y z = = = =

3 , 2 z x y x = =

24 2 3 24 6 24 4 x y z x x x x x + + = + + = = =

4, 8, 12 x y z = = =
(Ans)

Applied Maths I U IV Solution

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APPLI ED MATHS I

prove that sin 2

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