Applied Maths I U II Solution

APPLI ED MATHS I
Sol u t i on :
CSVTU Ex am i n at i on
Pap er s

Depar t m ent of Mat hem at i cs
DI MAT

DI FFERENTI AL CALCULUS
UNIT IV( I Semester)
Depar t ment of Mat hemat i cs, DI MAT Page 2

APPLI ED MATHS I
Time Allowed : Three hours
Maximum Marks : 80
Minimum Pass Marks : 28
Note : Solve any two parts from each question. All questions carry equal marks.

UNIT II
DI FFERENTI AL CALCULUS

SOLUTION (Nov-Dec-2005)

(a) If
( )
2
2
log 1 y x x
(
= + +
(

prove that
2 2
2 1
(1 ) (2 1) 0
n n n
x y n xy n y
+ +
+ + + + = and
hence show that
1 2 1 2
2 0
( ) ( 1) .2 [( 1)!]
k k
k
y k

= where k is a positive integer.
Ans:
( )
2
2
log 1 y x x
(
= + +
(

( )
( )
2
2 2
1
2log 1 . 1
1 1
dy x
x x
dx
x x x
| |
= + + +
|
+ + + \ .

( )
2
1
2
2
1 1
2 .
1 1
x x
y y
x x x
| |
+ +
= |
|
+ + +
\ .

1
2
1
2 .
1
y y
x
=
+

2
1
1 2 x y y + = ------------- (1)

( )
2 2
1
1 4 x y y + =
Differentiating with respect to x we get

( )
2 2
1 2 1 1
1 2 2 4 x y y xy y + + =

( )
2
2 1
1 2 x y xy + + = ------------- (2)
By using Leibnitz rule we get

{ } { }
2
0 2 1 1 2 0 1 1
( 1) 2 2 0 ... 0 ... 0
n n n n n
n n n n n
C x y C xy C y C xy C y
+ + +
+ + + + + + + + + =

2
0 2 1 1 2 0 1 1
(1 ) 2 2 0
n n n n n
n n n n n
+ + +
+ + + + + =

2
2 1 1
(1 ) 2 ( 1) 0
n n n n n
x y n xy n n y xy ny
+ + +
+ + + + + =

2 2
2 1
(1 ) (2 1) 0
n n n
x y n xy n y
+ +
+ + + + = (Proved)--------- (3)

(0) 0 y = ,
1
(0) 0 y = , at 0 x = ,
(2) becomes
2
2 y =
(3) becomes
2
2
(0) (0)
n n
y n y
+
= -------- (4)
Putting all values in (4) we get
3 5 2 1
(0) (0) ........... (0) 0
k
y y y
+
= = = = .
2 2
4 2
(0) 2 (0) 2 2 y y = =
2 2 2
6 4
(0) 4 (0) 2 2 4 y y = =
2 2 2 2
8 4
(0) 6 (0) 2 2 4 6 y y = =
Similarly,
2 1 2 2 2 2
2 2 2
(0) (2 2) (0) ( 1) 2 2 4 6 ........... (2 2)
k
k k
y k y k
= =
( )
2
1
2
(0) ( 1) 2 2 4 6 ........... (2 2)
k
k
y k
=
( )
2
1 2 2
2
(0) ( 1) 2 2 1 2 3 ........... ( 1)
k k
k
y k

=
( )
2
1 2 1
2
(0) ( 1) 2 ( 1)!
k k
k
y k

= (Proved).

(b) Use Taylors theorem to prove that
1 1 2 3
sin sin 2 sin3
tan ( ) tan ( sin ) ( sin ) ( sin ) .....
1 2 3
z z z
x h x h z h z h z

+ = + +
where
1
cot z x
= .
Ans: Given that
1
cot z x
=
cot x z =

2
1 cos
dz
ec z
dx
=

2
sin
dz
z
dx
=
Let
1 1
( ) tan ( ) ( ) tan f x h x h f x x

+ = + =

2
2 2 2
1 1 1
'( ) sin
1 1 cot cos
f x z
x z ec z
= = = =
+ +

2
''( ) 2sin .cos . sin 2 .( sin )
dz
f x z z z z
dx
= =

2
'''( ) (2cos 2 .sin 2sin .cos .sin 2 )
dz
f x z z z z z
dx
= +

2
2sin (cos 2 .sin .cos .sin 2 )( sin ) z z z z z z = +

3
2sin .sin3 z z =
So,
2 3
1
tan ( ) ( ) ( ) '( ) ''( ) '''( ) ......
2! 3!
h h
x h f x h f x hf x f x f x
+ = + = + + + +

2 3
1 2 2 3
tan sin ( sin .sin 2 ) 2sin .sin3 ......
2! 3!
h h
x h z z z z z
= + + + +

2 3
1
( sin ) ( sin ) ( sin )
tan sin sin 2 sin3 ......
1 2 3
h z h z h z
x z z z
= + + (Ans).


(c) Trace the curve
2 2
( ) (3 ) y a x x a x + = .
Ans:
2 2
( ) (3 ) y a x x a x + =

2
2
(3 )
( )
x a x
y
a x
=
+

2 2 2 3
3 0 ay xy ax x + + = ------------------(1)
(i) The curve is symmetrical about x-axis.
(ii) The curve is passes through the origin.
(iii) The tangent at origin is
2 2
3 0 ay ax = 3 y x =
(iv) The curve meets the x axis at (0, 0), (3a, 0) and y axis at (0, 0).
(v) When 3 x a > ,
2
0 y < . So no curve for 3 x a > .
(vi) Asymptote to the curve is x a = .
So, the curve is looks as follows:-

SOLUTION (Apr-May-2006)

(a) If
1/ 1/
2
m m
y y x
+ = , prove that
2 2 2
2 1
( 1) (2 1) ( ) 0
n n n
x y n xy n m y
+ +
+ + + = .
Ans:
1/ 1/
2
m m
y y x
+ =

2/ 1/
1 2
m m
y xy + =

2/ 1/
2 1 0
m m
y xy + =

2
1/
2 4 4
2
m
x x
y

=

1/ 2
1
m
y x x =

2
1
m
y x x
(
=


Taking logarithm both side we get,

2
log log 1 y m x x
(
=

By differentiating with respect to x we get,

1
2 2
1 1
1
1 1
x
y m
y
x x x
(
=
(

2
1
2 2
1 1 1
1 1
x x
y m
y
x x x
(

= (
(

1
2
1
1
m
y
y
x

2 2 2 2
1
( 1) x y m y =
Again differentiating with respect to x we get,

2 2 2
1 2 1 1
2( 1) 2 2 x y y xy m yy + =

2 2
2 1
( 1) x y xy m y + =

2 2
2 1
( 1) 0 x y xy m y + =

{ } { }
2 2
0 2 1 1 2 0 1 1
( 1) 2 2 0 ... 0 ... 0
n n n n n
n n n n n n
C x y C xy C y C xy C y m y
+ + +
+ + + + + + + + =

2 2
0 2 1 1 2 0 1 1
( 1) 2 2 0
n n n n n
n n n n n n
+ + +
+ + + + =

2 2
2 1 1
( 1) 2 ( 1) 0
n n n n n n
x y n xy n n y xy ny m y
+ + +
+ + + + =

2 2 2
2 1
( 1) (2 1) ( ) 0
n n n
x y n xy n m y
+ +
+ + + = (Proved)

(b) Find the first three terms in the expansion of log(1 tan ) x + by Maclaurins
theorem.
Ans:
3 5
2
log(1 tan ) log 1 .......
3 15
x x
x x
| | | |
+ = + + +
| |
\ . \ .

2
3 5 3 5
3 4
3 5 3 5
2 1 2
....... .......
3 15 2 3 15
1 2 1 2
....... ....... ..........
3 3 15 4 3 15
x x x x
x x
x x x x
x x
| | | |
= + + + +
| |
\ . \ .
| | | |
+ + + + + +
| |
\ . \ .

( ) ( )
3 5 4
2 3 4
2 1 2 1 1
....... ...... ....... ....... ....
3 15 2 3 3 4
x x x
x x x x
| |
= + + + + + + + +
|
\ .

2
3 4
1 1 4 3
.......
2 3 12
x
x x x
+ +
= + +

2
3 4
2 7
.......
2 3 12
x
x x x = + + (Ans)

(c) Trace the curve
2 2 2 2 2
( ) a y x a x = .
Ans:
2 2 2 2 2
( ) a y x a x =
(i) The curve is symmetrical about x-axis and y axis.
(ii) The curve is passes through the origin.
(iii) The tangent at origin is
2 2 2 2 2 2
a y x a y x y x = = =
(iv) The curve meets the x axis at (0, 0), (a, 0), (-a, 0) and y axis at (0, 0).
(v) When , x a x a > < ,
2
0 y < . So no curve for , x a x a > < .
(vi) There is no asymptote to the curve.
So, the curve is looks as follows:-


(a) If
1
sin a x
y e

= prove that
2 2 2
2 1
(1 ) (2 1) ( ) 0
n n n
x y n xy n a y
+ +
+ + = and find the
value of (0)
n
y .
Ans:
1
sin a x
y e

=

1
sin
1
2 2
1
.
1 1
a x
ay
y e a
x x
= =

2
1
1 x y ay = --------------(1)

( )
2 2 2 2
1
1 x y a y =
On differentiating with respect to x we get

( )
2 2 2
1 2 1 1
1 2 2 2 x y y xy a yy =

( )
2 2
2 1
1 x y xy a y =

( )
2 2
2 1
1 0 x y xy a y = ---------------(2)

{ } { }
2 2
0 2 1 1 2 0 1 1
(1 ) 2 2 0 ... 0 ... 0
n n n n n
n n n n n n
C x y C xy C y C xy C y a y
+ + +
+ + + + + =

2 2
0 2 1 1 2 0 1 1
(1 ) 2 2 0
n n n n n
n n n n n n
+ + +
=

2 2
2 1 1
(1 ) 2 ( 1) 0
n n n n n n
x y n xy n n y xy ny a y
+ + +
=

2 2 2
2 1
(1 ) (2 1) ( ) 0
n n n
x y n xy n a y
+ +
+ + = -----------------(3)
At 0, (0) 1 x y = = -------------(4)
Then equation (1) becomes
1
(0) (0) y ay a = = ---------(5)
From (2)
2 2
2
(0) (0) y a y a = = -------------(6)
From (3)
2 2
2
(0) ( ) (0)
n n
y n a y
+
= +

2 2 2 2 2 2 2
3 1 4 2
2 2 2 2
5 3 6 4
2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2
(0) (1 ) (0) (1 ) (0) (2 ) (0) (2 )
(0) (3 ) (0) (0) (4 ) (0)
(1 )(3 ) (2 )(4 )
y a y a a y a y a a
y a y y a y
a a a a a a
= + = + = + = +
= + = +
= + + = + +

Similarly

2 2 2 2 2
2 2 2 2 2 2 2
(1 )(3 ).....(( 2) ) if n is odd
(0)
(2 )(4 )....(( 2) ) if n is even
n
a a a n a
y
a a a n a
+ + +
=

+ + +
(Ans)
1 1 2 3
sin sin 2 sin3
1 2 3
z z z
x h x h z h z h z

+ = + +
where
1
cot z x
= .
Ans: Given that
1
cot z x
=
cot x z =

2
1 cos
dz
ec z
dx
=

2
sin
dz
z
dx
=
Let
1 1

+ = + =

2
2 2 2
1 1 1
'( ) sin
1 1 cot cos
f x z
x z ec z
= = = =
+ +

2
''( ) 2sin .cos . sin 2 .( sin )
dz
f x z z z z
dx
= =

2
dz
f x z z z z z
dx
= +

2

3
2sin .sin3 z z =
So,
2 3
1
tan ( ) ( ) ( ) '( ) ''( ) '''( ) ......
2! 3!
h h
+ = + = + + + +

2 3
1 2 2 3
2! 3!
h h
x h z z z z z
= + + + +

2 3
1
( sin ) ( sin ) ( sin )
1 2 3
h z h z h z
x z z z
= + + (Ans).


(c) Trace the curve (1 cos ) r a = + .
Ans: Given that (1 cos ) r a = + .
(i) The curve is symmetrical about the initial line since its equation remains
unchanged, when changes to .
(ii) We have sin
dr
a
d

=
Now
2
2
2
2 2
2cos (1 cos )
tan cot
/ sin 2sin cos
r a
dr d a

+
= = = =

2 2 2 2
tan tan( )

= + = +
Now
3
2 2 2 2

= + = + + = +
Since is the angle between the tangent and initial line, therefore
At
2
0,

= = , So, the tangent is perpendicular to the initial line.
For , 2 = = . So, the tangent is the initial line.
(iii) Table having some values of , r .
2
6 3 2 3
0
2 1.86 1.5 0.5 0 r a a a a a

Hence the curve is as follows:-

SOLUTION (May-June-2007)

(a) If
1
sin( sin ) y m x
= , prove that
2 2
2 1
(1 ) 0 x y xy m y + = and deduce that
2 2 2
2 1
(1 ) (2 1) ( ) 0
n n n
x y n xy n m y
+ +
+ = .
Ans:
1
sin( sin ) y m x
=

1
1
2
cos( sin )
1
m
y m x
x
-------------(1)

2 1
1
1 cos( sin ) x y m m x
=

( )
2 1
2 1
2 2
1 sin( sin )
1 1
x m
x y y m m x
x x
=


( )
2 2
2 1
1 x y xy m y =

( )
2 2
2 1
1 0 x y xy m y + = --------------(2)
Taking nth derivative of (2) with respect to x by using Leibnitz rule we get

{ } { }
2 2
0 2 1 1 2 0 1 1
(1 ) 2 2 0 ... 0 ... 0
n n n n n
n n n n n n
+ + +
+ + + + + + =

2 2
0 2 1 1 2 0 1 1
(1 ) 2 2 0
n n n n n
n n n n n n
+ + +
+ =

2 2
2 1 1
(1 ) 2 ( 1) 0
n n n n n n
+ + +
+ =
2 2 2
2 1
(1 ) (2 1) ( ) 0
n n n
x y n xy n m y
+ +
+ = (Proved)
1 1 2 3
sin sin 2 sin3
1 2 3
z z z
x h x h z h z h z

+ = + +
Where
1
cot z x
= .
Ans: Given that
1
cot z x
=
cot x z =

2
1 cos
dz
ec z
dx
=

2
sin
dz
z
dx
=
Let
1 1

+ = + =

2
2 2 2
1 1 1
'( ) sin
1 1 cot cos
f x z
x z ec z
= = = =
+ +

2
''( ) 2sin .cos . sin 2 .( sin )
dz
f x z z z z
dx
= =

2
dz
f x z z z z z
dx
= +

2

3
2sin .sin3 z z =
So,
2 3
1
tan ( ) ( ) ( ) '( ) ''( ) '''( ) ......
2! 3!
h h
+ = + = + + + +

2 3
1 2 2 3
2! 3!
h h
x h z z z z z
= + + + +

2 3
1
( sin ) ( sin ) ( sin )
1 2 3
h z h z h z
x z z z
= + + (Ans).
(c) Find the first three terms in the expansion of log(1 tan ) x + by Maclaurins
theorem.
Ans:
3 5
2
log(1 tan ) log 1 .......
3 15
x x
x x
| | | |
+ = + + +
| |
\ . \ .


2
3 5 3 5
3 4
3 5 3 5
2 1 2
....... .......
3 15 2 3 15
1 2 1 2
....... ....... ..........
3 3 15 4 3 15
x x x x
x x
x x x x
x x
| | | |
= + + + +
| |
\ . \ .
| | | |
+ + + + + +
| |
\ . \ .

( ) ( )
3 5 4
2 3 4
2 1 2 1 1
....... ...... ....... ....... ....
3 15 2 3 3 4
x x x
x x x x
| |
= + + + + + + + +
|
\ .

2
3 4
1 1 4 3
.......
2 3 12
x
x x x
+ +
= + +

2
3 4
2 7
.......
2 3 12
x
x x x = + + (Ans)
(d) Trace the curve
2 2 3
(2 ) a y x a x = .
Ans:
2 2 3
(2 ) a y x a x =
(i) The curve is symmetrical about x axis.
(ii) The curve passes through origin.
(iii) Tangent at origin is
2 2
0 0 a y y = = , x-axis is the tangent.
(iv) The curve meets x axis at (0, 0) and (2a, 0) and y axis at (0, 0)
(v) At
2
0, 2 0 x x a y < > < . So no curve when 0, 2 x x a < >
The curve is as follows:-


(a) State Taylors theorem and Maclaurins theorem.
Ans: Taylors Theorem: - If ( ) f x h + can be expanded an infinite series, then

2 3
( ) ( ) '( ) ''( ) '''( ) ..........
2! 3!
h h
f x h f x hf x f x f x + = + + + +
Maclaurins Theorem: If ( ) f x h + can be expanded an infinite series, then

2 3
( ) (0) '(0) ''(0) '''(0) ..........
2! 3!
x x
f x f xf f f = + + + + .

(b) If
1
sin( sin ) y m x
= , prove that
2 2
2 1
(1 ) 0 x y xy m y + = and find (0)
n
y .
Ans:
1
sin( sin ) y m x
=

1
1
2
cos( sin )
1
m
y m x
x
-------------(1)

2 1
1
=

( )
2 1
2 1
2 2
1 sin( sin )
1 1
x m
x y y m m x
x x
=

( )
2 2
2 1
1 x y xy m y =

( )
2 2
2 1
1 0 x y xy m y + = --------------(2)

{ } { }
2 2
0 2 1 1 2 0 1 1
(1 ) 2 2 0 ... 0 ... 0
n n n n n
n n n n n n
+ + +
+ + + + + + =

2 2
0 2 1 1 2 0 1 1
(1 ) 2 2 0
n n n n n
n n n n n n
+ + +
+ =

2 2
2 1 1
(1 ) 2 ( 1) 0
n n n n n n
+ + +
+ =

2 2 2
2 1
(1 ) (2 1) ( ) 0
n n n
x y n xy n m y
+ +
+ = -----------------(3)
At 0, (0) 0 x y = = -------------(4)
1
(0) y m = ---------(5)
From (2)
2
2
(0) (0) 0 y m y = = -------------(6)
From (3)
2 2
2
(0) ( ) (0)
n n
y n m y
+
=

2 2
3 1
4 2 2
5 3
6
2 2 2
(0) (1 ) (0) (1 )
(0) 0
(0) (3 ) (0)
(0) 0
(1 )(3 )
y m y m m
y
y m y
y
m m m
= =
=
=
=
=

So,
2 2 2 2 2
0 if n is even
(0)
(1 )(3 )........((2 1) ) if n is odd
n
y
m m m n m

(c) Obtain the Maclaurins expansion of tan( / 4 ) x + and hence find the value
of
0
tan 46 30' , to four decimal places.
Ans:
2 3
( ) ( ) '( ) ''( ) '''( ) ...........
2! 3!
h h
f x h f x hf x f x f x + = + + + +
Let ( ) tan f x x =
( )
4
( ) tan , 1 f x x f

= =
( )
2
4
'( ) sec , ' 2 f x x f

= =

( )
2 3
4
''( ) 2tan sec 2tan 2tan , '' 4 f x x x x x f

= = + =
( )
2 2 2
4
'''( ) 2sec 6tan sec , '' 16 f x x x x f

= + = , .
So,
2 3
4 4 4 4 4
tan( ) ( ) '( ) ''( ) '''( ) ...........
2! 3!
h h
h f hf f f

+ = + + + +

2 3
4
tan( ) 1 2 4 16 ...........
2! 3!
h h
h h
+ = + + + +

2 3
4
tan( ) 1 2 4 16 ...........
2! 3!
x x
x x
+ = + + + +
Now, by putting
0
3 3 3 22 / 7 33
1 30' deg 0.0262
2 2 180 2 180 1260
x ree

= = = = = ~

2 3
0
(0.0262) (0.0262)
tan(46 30') 1 2 (0.0262) 4 16 ...........
2! 3!
= + + + +

0
16
tan(46 30') 1 0.0524 2 0.00068644 0.00001798 ...........
6
= + + + +

0
tan(46 30') 1.0524 0.00137288 0.00004792 ........... = + + +

0
tan(46 30') 1.0538208 1.0538 = ~ (Ans)
(d) Expand
1
tan x
in the power of ( / 4) x upto three terms.

Ans: From Taylor Series

2 3
( ) ( )
( ) ( ) ( ) '( ) ''( ) '''( ) ...........
2! 3!
x a x a
f x f a x a f a f x f a

= + + + +
Let
1
( ) tan f x x
=

1
4
( ) tan , ( ) 1 f x x f

= =

2
4 2 2 2
1 4
'( ) , '( )
1 4
f x f
x
= =
+ +

( ) ( )
3
4 2 2
2 2 2
2 2 4
''( ) , '( )
1 4
x
f x f
x

= =
+ +

( ) ( )
( )
2
2 2
4
2
1 2 2 2(1 ) 2
''( )
1
x x x x
f x
x
+ + +
=
+

( )( )
( )
( )
( )
( )
( )
2 2 2 4 2 2
4 3 3 3
2 2 2 2
1 4 2 2 1 3 2 4 4 3
''( ) , ''( )
1 1 4
x x x
f x f
x x
+
= = =
+ + +

So,
2 3
4 4
4 4 4 4 4
( ) ( )
( ) ( ) ( ) '( ) ''( ) '''( ) ...........
2! 3!
x x
f x f x f f f

= + + + +

( )
( )
( )
4 2 2
2 3 2 3
4 4
4 2 3 2 2
2 2 2 2
2 4 4 3
( ) ( ) 4 2 4
( ) 1 ( ) ....
4 2! 3!
4 4
x x
f x x

| | | |

| |
| |
= + + + +
|
| | +
\ . + +
\ . \ .

( )
( )
( )
4 2 2
2 3 2 3
4 4
4 2 3 2 2
2 2 2 2
2 4 4 3
( ) ( ) 4 2 4
( ) 1 ( ) ....
4 2! 3!
4 4
x x
f x x

= + +
+
+ +
(Ans).

SOLUTION (May-June-2008)

(a) Define point of inflexion and write Test to check point of inflexion.
Ans: If the two portions of a curve lie on different sides of the tangent at a point
C, then this point C is said to be a point of inflexion.
Test: Let y = f(x) be any curve. If at a point
2 3
2 3
0, 0
d y d y
dx dx
= = then the curve has a
point of inflexion at that point.

(b) If
1
cos a x
y e

= , prove that
2 2 2
2 1
(1 ) (2 1) ( ) 0
n n n
x y n xy n a y
+ +
+ + = . Also find
the nth differential coefficient of
1
cos a x
y e

= at 0 x = .
Ans:
1
cos a x
y e

=

1
cos
1
2 2
1
.
1 1
a x
ay
y e a
x x

= =

2
1
1 x y ay = --------------(1)

( )
2 2 2 2
1
1 x y a y =

( )
2 2 2
1 2 1 1
1 2 2 2 x y y xy a yy =

( )
2 2
2 1
1 x y xy a y =

( )
2 2
2 1
1 0 x y xy a y = ---------------(2)

{ } { }
2 2
0 2 1 1 2 0 1 1
(1 ) 2 2 0 ... 0 ... 0
n n n n n
n n n n n n
+ + +
+ + + + + =

2 2
0 2 1 1 2 0 1 1
(1 ) 2 2 0
n n n n n
n n n n n n
+ + +
=

2 2
2 1 1
(1 ) 2 ( 1) 0
n n n n n n
+ + +
=

2 2 2
2 1
(1 ) (2 1) ( ) 0
n n n
x y n xy n a y
+ +
+ + = -----------------(3)
At
2
0, (0)
a
x y e
= = -------------(4)
2
1
(0) (0)
a
y ay ae
= = ---------(5)
From (2)
2 2
2
2
(0) (0)
a
y a y a e
= = -------------(6)

From (3)
2 2
2
(0) ( ) (0)
n n
y n a y
+
= +

2 2 2 2 2 2 2
2 2
3 1 4 2
2 2 2 2
5 3 6 4
2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2
2 2
(0) (1 ) (0) (1 ) (0) (2 ) (0) (2 )
(0) (3 ) (0) (0) (4 ) (0)
(1 )(3 ) (2 )(4 )
a a
a a
y a y a a e y a y a a e
y a y y a y
a a a e a a a e

= + = + = + = +
= + = +
= + + = + +

Similarly

2 2 2 2 2
2
2 2 2 2 2 2 2
2
(1 )(3 ).....(( 2) ) if n is odd
(0)
(2 )(4 )....(( 2) ) if n is even
a
n
a
a a a n a e
y
a a a n a e
+ + +
+ + +
(Ans)
(c) Expand
1
sin( sin ) y a x
= by Maclaurins theorem as for as

5
x . Hence expand
sin m .
Ans:
1
sin( sin ) y a x
=

1
1
2
cos( sin )
1
a
y a x
x
-------------(1)

2 1
1
1 cos( sin ) x y a a x
=

( )
2 1
2 1
2 2
1 sin( sin )
1 1
x a
x y y a a x
x x
=

( )
2 2
2 1
1 x y xy a y =

( )
2 2
2 1
1 0 x y xy a y + = --------------(2)

{ } { }
2 2
0 2 1 1 2 0 1 1
(1 ) 2 2 0 ... 0 ... 0
n n n n n
n n n n n n
+ + +
+ + + + + + =

2 2
0 2 1 1 2 0 1 1
(1 ) 2 2 0
n n n n n
n n n n n n
+ + +
+ =

2 2
2 1 1
(1 ) 2 ( 1) 0
n n n n n n
+ + +
+ =

2 2 2
2 1
(1 ) (2 1) ( ) 0
n n n
x y n xy n a y
+ +
+ = -----------------(3)
At 0, (0) 0 x y = = -------------(4)
1
(0) y a = ---------(5)
From (2)
2
2
(0) (0) 0 y a y = = -------------(6)
From (3)
2 2
2
(0) ( ) (0)
n n
y n a y
+
=

2 2
3 1
4 2 2
5 3
6
2 2 2
(0) (1 ) (0) (1 )
(0) 0
(0) (3 ) (0)
(0) 0
(1 )(3 )
y a y a a
y
y a y
y
a a a
= =
=
=
=
=

Now,
1
sin( sin ) y a x
=

2 3 4 5
1 2 3 4 5
(0) (0) (0) (0) (0) (0) ......
2! 3! 4! 5!
x x x x
y y xy y y y y = + + + + + +

3 5
2 2 2 2
0 . 0 (1 ) 0 (1 )(3 ) ......
3! 5!
x x
y x a a a a a a = + + + + + +

3 5
1 2 2 2 2
sin( sin ) (1 ) (1 )(3 ) ......
3! 5!
x x
a x ax a a a a a
= + + +
By putting
1
sin sin x x
= = , then we get

3 5
2 2 2 2
sin sin
sin( ) sin (1 ) (1 )(3 ) ......
3! 5!
a a a a a a a

= + + + (Ans)
(d) Trace the curve
2 2
( ) ( ) y a x x a x + = .
Ans:
2 2
( ) ( ) y a x x a x + =
(i) It is symmetrical about y axis.
(ii) It passes through the origin.
(iii) Tangent at origin is
2 2 2 2
ay ax y x y x = = = .
(iv) Asymptote parallel to y axis is x a =
(v) At x axis it passes through (a, 0) and at y axis it passes through (0, 0).
(vi) At , , 0 x a x a y > < < . So no curve when , x a x a > < .
The curve is as follows: -

SOLUTION (Dec-Jan-2008-2009)


(a) The nth differential of: cos .cos 2 .cos3 x x x .
Ans: cos .cos 2 .cos3 x x x ( )
1
1 cos6 cos 4 cos 2
4
x x x = + + +
Its nth derivative
1
6 cos 6 4 cos 4 2 cos 2
4 2 2 2
n n n
n n n
x x x
( | | | | | |
= + + + + +
| | | (
\ . \ . \ .

(b) If
1
sin y x
= , find (0)
n
y .
Ans:
1
sin y x
=

1
2
1
1
y
x
=

2
1 2
1
1
y
x
=

2 2
1
(1 ) 1 x y =
Again differentiating with respect to x we get

2 2
1 2 1
(1 )2 2 0 x y y xy =

2
2 1
(1 ) 0 x y xy = -----------(1)
Now by applying Leibnitz rule differentiating n times.

{ } { }
2
0 2 1 1 2 0 1 1
(1 ) 2 2 0 ... 0 ... 0
n n n n n
n n n n n
+ + +
+ + + + + =

2
0 2 1 1 2 0 1 1
(1 ) 2 2 0
n n n n n
n n n n n
+ + +
=

2
2 1 1
(1 ) 2 ( 1) 0
n n n n n
x y n xy n n y xy ny
+ + +
=

2 2
2 1
(1 ) (2 1) 0
n n n
x y n xy n y
+ +
+ =
Now by putting n = n-2 we get

2 2
1 2
(1 ) (2 1) ( 2) 0
n n n
x y n xy n y

= -----------(2)
At x = 0. equation (2) becomes
2
2
( 2) 0
n n
y n y

=

2
2
( 2)
n n
y n y

= ----------(3)
Given
1
sin y x
= , so (0) 0 y =
Now
2
2 0
(0) 0 y y = = .
So
2 4 2
(0) (0) (0) ........ (0) .... 0
k
y y y y = = = = = =
Again
1 1
2
1
(0) 1
1
y y
x
= =

So,
2
3 1
(3 2) 1 1 1 y y = = =

2 2 2 2
5 3
(5 2) 3 1 3 1 y y = = =

2 2 2 2
7 5
(7 2) 5 3 1 y y = =

2 2 2 2 2
9 7
(9 2) 7 5 3 1 y y = =
Similarly,
2 2 2 2
0 when n is even
(0)
( 2) ( 4) ( 6) ..........1 when n is odd
n
y
n n n

(c) Expand by Maclaurins theorem the function log(1 sin ) x + .

Ans:
3 5
log(1 sin ) log 1 .......
6 120
x x
x x
| | | |
+ = + +
| |
\ . \ .

2
3 5 3 5
3 4
3 5 3 5
1
....... .......
6 120 2 6 120
1 1
....... ....... ..........
3 6 120 4 6 120
x x x x
x x
x x x x
x x
| | | |
= + +
| |
\ . \ .
| | | |
+ + + +
| |
\ . \ .

( ) ( )
3 5 4
2 3 4
1 1 1
....... ...... ....... ....... ....
6 120 2 3 3 4
x x x
x x x x
| |
= + + + + + +
|
\ .

2
3 4
1 2 2 3
.......
2 6 12
x
x x x
+
= + + +
2 3 4
.......
2 6 12
x x x
x = + + (Ans)
(d) Trace the curve
2 2
cos 2 r a = .
Ans:
2 2
cos 2 r a =

( )
2 2 2 2
cos sin r a =

2 2 2 2 2
cos sin r r a =
By changing into Cartesian form we get
2 2 2
x y a =
Which represents a hyperbola.
The curve is as follows:-

Solution (Apr-May-2009)

(a) Select the correct answer.

For the curve
2 2
(1 ) (1 ) y x x x + = , the origin is a
(i) Cusp.
(ii) Node.
(iii) Point of Inflexion.
(iv) None of the above.
Ans: (ii) Node (Ans).
(b) If
1
sin a x
y e

= , Prove that:
2 2 2
2 1
(1 ) (2 1) ( ) 0
n n n
x y n xy n a y
+ +
+ + = . Hence find
(0)
n
y .
Ans:
1
sin a x
y e

=

1
sin
1
2 2
1
.
1 1
a x
ay
y e a
x x
= =

2
1
1 x y ay = --------------(1)

( )
2 2 2 2
1
1 x y a y =

( )
2 2 2
1 2 1 1
1 2 2 2 x y y xy a yy =

( )
2 2
2 1
1 x y xy a y =

( )
2 2
2 1
1 0 x y xy a y = ---------------(2)

{ } { }
2 2
0 2 1 1 2 0 1 1
(1 ) 2 2 0 ... 0 ... 0
n n n n n
n n n n n n
+ + +
+ + + + + =

2 2
0 2 1 1 2 0 1 1
(1 ) 2 2 0
n n n n n
n n n n n n
+ + +
=

2 2
2 1 1
(1 ) 2 ( 1) 0
n n n n n n
+ + +
=

2 2 2
2 1
(1 ) (2 1) ( ) 0
n n n
x y n xy n a y
+ +
+ + = -----------------(3)
At 0, (0) 1 x y = = -------------(4)
1
(0) (0) y ay a = = ---------(5)
From (2)
2 2
2
(0) (0) y a y a = = -------------(6)
From (3)
2 2
2
(0) ( ) (0)
n n
y n a y
+
= +

2 2 2 2 2 2 2
3 1 4 2
2 2 2 2
5 3 6 4
2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2
(0) (1 ) (0) (1 ) (0) (2 ) (0) (2 )
(0) (3 ) (0) (0) (4 ) (0)
(1 )(3 ) (2 )(4 )
y a y a a y a y a a
y a y y a y
a a a a a a
= + = + = + = +
= + = +
= + + = + +

Similarly

2 2 2 2 2
2 2 2 2 2 2 2
(1 )(3 ).....(( 2) ) if n is odd
(0)
(2 )(4 )....(( 2) ) if n is even
n
a a a n a
y
a a a n a
+ + +
=

+ + +
(Ans)
(c) Find the Taylors series expansion for log(cos ) x about the point
3
.

Ans: Given that ( ) log(cos ), log(0.5)
3
f x x f
| |
= =
|
\ .

'( ) , ' 3
3
f x tanx f
| |
= =
|
\ .

2
''( ) sec , '' 4
3
f x x f
| |
= =
|
\ .

2
'''( ) 2sec tan , ''' 8 3
3
f x x x f
| |
= =
|
\ .

So,

2 3
3 3
log(cos ) ( ) ' '' ''' ......
3 3 3 2! 3 3! 3
x x
x f x f x f f f

| | | |

| |
| | | | | | | | | |
\ . \ .
= = + + + +
| | | | |
\ . \ . \ . \ . \ .

2 3
3 3
log(cos ) log(0.5) 3 ( 4) ( 8 3) ......
3 2! 3!
x x
x x

| | | |

| |
| |
\ . \ .
= + + +
|
\ .

2 3
4 3
log(cos ) log(0.5) 3 2 ......
3 3 3 3
x x x x
| | | | | |
= +
| | |
\ . \ . \ .
(Ans).
(d) Trace the curve
2 2 2 2 2 2
( ) ( ) y a x x a x + = .
Ans:
2 2 2 2 2 2
( ) ( ) y a x x a x + =
(i) It is symmetrical about x axis and y axis.
(ii) It passes through (0, 0).
(iii) No Asymptote parallel to x axis or y axis.
(iv) When , x a x a < > curve does not exist.
(v) At x = 0,y = 0 and at y = 0, x = -a, a. So Curve passes through (0, 0),(-a, 0)
and (a, 0).
(vi) Tangent at origin are
2 2 2 2 2 2
y a x a y x y x = = =
(vii) Hence the curve is as follows:



(a) State Leibnitzs theorem for the nth derivative of the product of two
functions.
Ans: - Leibnitz theorem for nth derivative of product of two functions is

n n
n
n n
n
n
n
n
n
n
n
n
uv C v u C v u C v u C v u C uv + ++ + + + =
1 1 1 2 2 2 1 1 1 0
...... .......... .......... ) ( .
(b) If
1
tan y x
= , prove that 0 ) 1 ( ) 1 ( 2 ) 1 (
1 2
2
= + + + + +
+ + n n n
y n n xy n y x . Hence
find (0)
n
y .
Ans: -
1
tan y x
=

1 2
1
1
y
x
=
+
-------------(1)

2
1
(1 ) 1 x y + =

2
2 1
(1 ) 2 0 x y xy + + = --------------(2)

{ } { }
2
0 2 1 1 2 0 1 1
(1 ) 2 2 0 ... 2 0 ... 0
n n n n n
n n n n n
+ + +
+ + + + + + + + + =

{ } { }
2
2 1 1
(1 ) 2 ( 1) 2 0
n n n n n
x y nxy n n y xy ny
+ + +
+ + + + + =

2
2 1 1
(1 ) 2 ( 1) 2 2 0
n n n n n
x y nxy n n y xy ny
+ + +
+ + + + + =

2 2
2 1
(1 ) 2( 1) ( ) 0
n n n
x y n xy n n y
+ +
+ + + + + =

2
2 1
(1 ) 2( 1) ( 1) 0
n n n
x y n xy n n y
+ +
+ + + + + = -----------------(3)
At 0, (0) 0 x y = = -------------(4)
1
(0) 1 y = ---------(5)
From (2)
2
(0) 0 y = -------------(6)
From (3)
2
(0) ( 1) (0)
n n
y n n y
+
= +

3 1
2
3 1
4
5 1
2
5 3 6
7 1
8
2
7 3
(0) 1 2 (0) 1 2 2! ( 1) .2!
(0) 0
(0) 3 4 (0) 4! ( 1) .4! (0) 0
(0) 0
(0) 5 6 (0) 6! ( 1) .6!
y y
y
y y y
y
y y
= = = =
=
= = = =
=
= = =

So, 1
2
0 if n is even
(0)
( 1) . ! if n is odd
n
n
y
n

(c) Expand
x a
e
1
sin
in ascending powers of x, by Maclaurins theorem.

Ans: -
1
sin a x
y e

=

1
sin
1
2 2
1
.
1 1
a x
ay
y e a
x x
= =

2
1
1 x y ay = --------------(1)

( )
2 2 2 2
1
1 x y a y =


( )
2 2 2
1 2 1 1
1 2 2 2 x y y xy a yy =

( )
2 2
2 1
1 x y xy a y =

( )
2 2
2 1
1 0 x y xy a y = ---------------(2)

{ } { }
2 2
0 2 1 1 2 0 1 1
(1 ) 2 2 0 ... 0 ... 0
n n n n n
n n n n n n
+ + +
+ + + + + =

2 2
0 2 1 1 2 0 1 1
(1 ) 2 2 0
n n n n n
n n n n n n
+ + +
=

2 2
2 1 1
(1 ) 2 ( 1) 0
n n n n n n
+ + +
=

2 2 2
2 1
(1 ) (2 1) ( ) 0
n n n
x y n xy n a y
+ +
+ + = -----------------(3)
At 0, (0) 1 x y = = -------------(4)
1
(0) (0) y ay a = = ---------(5)
From (2)
2 2
2
(0) (0) y a y a = = -------------(6)
From (3)
2 2
2
(0) ( ) (0)
n n
y n a y
+
= +

2 2 2 2 2 2 2
3 1 4 2
2 2 2 2
5 3 6 4
2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2
(0) (1 ) (0) (1 ) (0) (2 ) (0) (2 )
(0) (3 ) (0) (0) (4 ) (0)
(1 )(3 ) (2 )(4 )
y a y a a y a y a a
y a y y a y
a a a a a a
= + = + = + = +
= + = +
= + + = + +

So, .... .......... ) 0 (
! 5
) 0 (
! 4
) 0 (
! 3
) 0 (
! 2
) 0 ( . ) 0 (
5
5
4
4
3
3
2
2
1
+ + + + + + = y
x
y
x
y
x
y
x
y x y y
....... ) 3 )( 1 ( .
! 5
) 2 (
! 4
) 1 ( .
! 3 ! 2
. 1
2 2 2
5
2 2 2
4
2
3
2
2
+ + + + + + + + + + = a a a
x
a a
x
a a
x
a
x
a x y
.......
! 5
) 3 )( 1 (
! 4
) 2 (
! 3
) 1 (
! 2
1
5
2 2 2
4
2 2 2
3
2
2 2
+ + + + + + + + + + =
x
a a a
x
a a
x
a a
x a
ax y
(Ans).
(d) Expand 4 2 3
2 3
+ x x x in powers of 2 x .
Ans: - 4 2 3 ) (
2 3
+ = x x x x f 14 4 2 8 24 ) 2 ( = + = f
1 4 9 ) (
2
+ = ' x x x f 29 1 8 36 ) 2 ( = + = ' f
4 18 ) ( = ' ' x x f 32 4 36 4 18 ) 2 ( = = = ' ' x f
18 ) ( = ' ' ' x f 18 ) 2 ( = ' ' ' f
0 ... .......... ) ( ) ( = = = x f x f
v iv
0 ... .......... ) 2 ( ) 2 ( = = =
v iv
f f
So,
..... ) 2 (
! 4
) 2 (
) 2 (
! 3
) 2 (
) 2 (
! 2
) 2 (
) 2 ( ). 2 ( ) 2 ( ) (
4 3 2
+
+ ' ' '
+ ' '
+ ' + =
iv
f
x
f
x
f
x
f x f x f
..... 0
24
) 2 (
18
6
) 2 (
32
2
) 2 (
) 2 ( 29 14 ) (
4 3 2
+
+ + =
x x x
x x f

3 2
) 2 ( 3 ) 2 ( 16 ) 2 ( 29 14 ) ( + + + = x x x x f

3 2 2 3
) 2 ( 3 ) 2 ( 16 ) 2 ( 29 14 4 2 3 + + + = + x x x x x x (Ans).

Solution (May-June-2010)

(a) If x y
3
sin = , find
n
y .
Ans: - ( ) x x x y 3 sin sin 3
4
1
sin
3
= =

|
|
.
|
\
|
|
.
|
\
|
+ |
.
|
\
|
+ = = x
n
x
n
x y
n
n
3
2
sin 3
2
sin 3
4
1
sin
3

(Ans).
(b) Determine ) 0 (
n
y where
x m
e y
1
cos
= .
Ans: -
x m
e y
1
cos
= -------------------(1)
on Differentiating
2 2 2
1
2
1
2
2
cos
1
) 1 ( 1
1
1 1
y m y x my y x
x
m e y
x m
= =
=

---------------(2)
Again on differentiating

1
2 2
1 2 1
2
2 2 2 ) 1 ( yy m xy y y x =
0 ) 1 (
2
1 2
2
= y m xy y x ----------------(3)
On differentiating n times by using Leibnitz theorem we get
( ) ( ) 0 2 2 ) 1 (
2
1 1 2 1 1 2
2
= +
+ + + n n
n
n n
n
n
n
n
y m y C xy y C x y C y x
0 ) 1 ( 2 ) 1 (
2
1 1 2
2
=
+ + + n n n n n n
y m ny xy y n n nxy y x
( ) 0 ) 1 2 ( ) 1 (
2 2
1 2
2
= + +
+ + n n n
y m n xy n y x -------------------(4)
From (1)
2 /
) 0 (
m
e y =
From (2)
2 /
1
) 0 (
m
me y =
From (3)
2 / 2
2
) 0 (
m
e m y =
From (4) ( ) 0 ) 0 ( ) 0 (
2 2
2
= +
+ n n
y m n y
( ) ) 0 ( ) 0 (
2 2
2 n n
y m n y + =
+

So,
2 / 2
1
2
3
) 1 ( ) 1 ( ) 0 (
m
e m m y m y + = + =

2 / 2 2 2
3
2 2
5
) 3 )( 1 ( ) 3 ( ) 0 (
m
e m m m y m y + + = + =

2 / 2 2 2 2 2
5
2 2
7
) 5 )( 3 )( 1 ( ) 5 ( ) 0 (
m
e m m m m y m y + + + = + =
----------------
Silmilary,
2 / 2
2
) 0 (
m
e m y =

2 / 2 2 2
2
2 2
4
) 2 ( ) 0 ( ) 2 ( ) 0 (
m
e m m y m y + = + =

2 / 2 2 2 2 2
4
2 2
6
) 4 )( 2 ( ) 0 ( ) 4 ( ) 0 (
m
e m m m y m y + + = + =
-------------


So,
+ + + +
+ + + +
=
even n m m m m m e
odd n m m m m m e
y
m
m
n
) 8 )( 6 )( 4 )( 2 (
) 7 )( 5 )( 3 )( 1 (
) 0 (
2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 /
2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 /

(c) Expand x
e
log in powers ) 1 ( x and hence evaluate ) 1 . 1 ( log
e
correct to 4
decimal places.
Ans: - x x f
e
log ) ( = , 0 1 log ) 1 ( = =
e
f

x
x f
1
) ( = ' , 1
1
1
) 1 ( = = ' f

2
1
) (
x
x f = ' ' , 1 ) 1 ( = ' ' f

3
2
) (
x
x f = ' ' ' , ! 2 2 ) 1 ( = = ' ' ' f

4
6
) (
x
x f
iv

= , ! 3 6 ) 1 ( = =
iv
f
Now, by Taylors series
........ ) 1 (
! 4
) 1 (
) 1 (
! 3
) 1 (
) 1 (
! 2
) 1 (
) 1 ( ) 1 ( ) 1 ( ) (
4 3 2
+
+ ' ' '
+ ' '
+ ' + =
iv
f
x
f
x
f
x
f x f x f
........ ) ! 3 (
! 4
) 1 (
) ! 2 (
! 3
) 1 (
) 1 (
! 2
) 1 (
) 1 )( 1 ( 0 ) (
4 3 2
+
+ + =
x x x
x x f
........
4
) 1 (
3
) 1 (
2
) 1 (
) 1 ( log
4 3 2
+
=
x x x
x x
e
(Ans)
Now
........
4
) 1 1 . 1 (
3
) 1 1 . 1 (
2
) 1 1 . 1 (
) 1 1 . 1 ( ) 1 . 1 (
4 3 2
+
= f
........
4
0001 . 0
3
001 . 0
2
01 . 0
1 . 0 ) 1 . 1 ( log + + =
e

........ 00002 . 0 0003 . 0 005 . 0 1 . 0 ) 1 . 1 ( log + + =
e

0953 . 0 ) 1 . 1 ( log =
e
upto 4 decimal places
(d) Trace the curve 2 cos
2 2
a r = .
Ans: -
i. The curve is symmetrical about the pole.
ii. The curve lies wholly within the circle a r = . No portion of the curve lies
between 4 / = and 4 / 3 = .
iii.
2
2
2
2
tan 2 cot tan + = |
.
|
\
|
+ = = =
dr
d
r . So, 0 = at
4
=
and
2
= at 0 = . So tangent at origin O is
4
= and tangent at A is
perpendicular to initial line is

iv. When varies from 0 to 4 / , r varies from a to 0 and when varies from
4 / 3 to , r varies from 0 to a.
So, the curve is looks like: -


1.
(a) Express ) (x f in ascending process of ) ( a x .
Ans from

Taylors Theorem: - If ( ) f x h + can be expanded an infinite series, then

2 3
( ) ( ) '( ) ''( ) '''( ) ..........
2! 3!
h h
f x h f x hf x f x f x + = + + + +
) (x f in ascending process of ) ( a x . Will be

(b) If
1
sin( sin ) y m x
= , prove that
2 2
2 1
(1 ) 0 x y xy m y + = and find (0)
n
y .
Ans:
1
sin( sin ) y m x
=

1
1
2
cos( sin )
1
m
y m x
x
-------------(1)

2 1
1
=


( )
2 1
2 1
2 2
1 sin( sin )
1 1
x m
x y y m m x
x x
=

( )
2 2
2 1
1 x y xy m y =

( )
2 2
2 1
1 0 x y xy m y + =
--------------(2)

{ } { }
2 2
0 2 1 1 2 0 1 1
(1 ) 2 2 0 ... 0 ... 0
n n n n n
n n n n n n
+ + +
+ + + + + + =

2 2
0 2 1 1 2 0 1 1
(1 ) 2 2 0
n n n n n
n n n n n n
+ + +
+ =

2 2
2 1 1
(1 ) 2 ( 1) 0
n n n n n n
+ + +
+ =

2 2 2
2 1
(1 ) (2 1) ( ) 0
n n n
x y n xy n m y
+ +
+ =
-----------------(3)

At
0, (0) 0 x y = =
-------------(4)
1
(0) y m = ---------(5)
From (2)
2
2
(0) (0) 0 y m y = = -------------(6)
From (3)
2 2
2
(0) ( ) (0)
n n
y n m y
+
=

2 2
3 1
4 2 2
5 3
6
2 2 2
(0) (1 ) (0) (1 )
(0) 0
(0) (3 ) (0)
(0) 0
(1 )(3 )
y m y m m
y
y m y
y
m m m
= =
=
=
=
=

So,
2 2 2 2 2
0 if n is even
(0)
(1 )(3 )........((2 1) ) if n is odd
n
y
m m m n m

(c) Use Taylors theorem to prove that
( ) ( ) .......
3
3 sin
sin
2
2 sin
sin
1
sin
sin tan ) ( tan
3 2 1 1
+ + = +

z
z h
z
z h
z
z h x h x .
Where x z
1
cot
= .
Ans: Given that
1
cot z x
=
cot x z =

2
1 cos
dz
ec z
dx
=

2
sin
dz
z
dx
=
Let
1 1

+ = + =

2
2 2 2
1 1 1
'( ) sin
1 1 cot cos
f x z
x z ec z
= = = =
+ +

2
''( ) 2sin .cos . sin 2 .( sin )
dz
f x z z z z
dx
= =

2
dz
f x z z z z z
dx
= +

2

3
2sin .sin3 z z =
So,
2 3
1
tan ( ) ( ) ( ) '( ) ''( ) '''( ) ......
2! 3!
h h
+ = + = + + + +

2 3
1 2 2 3
2! 3!
h h
x h z z z z z
= + + + +

2 3
1
( sin ) ( sin ) ( sin )
1 2 3
h z h z h z
x z z z
= + + (Ans).

(d) Trace the curve
2 2
) 3 ( 9 a x x ay = .


a) Write the Leibnnitzs theorem for the derivative of the product of two function.

n n
n
n n
n
n
n
n
n
n
n
n
1 1 1 2 2 2 1 1 1 0
...... .......... .......... ) (
.
b) If
1
sin a x
y e

= prove that
2 2 2
2 1
(1 ) (2 1) ( ) 0
n n n
x y n xy n a y
+ +
+ + = and find the
value of (0)
n
y .
Ans: -
1
sin a x
y e

=

1
sin
1
2 2
1
.
1 1
a x
ay
y e a
x x
= =

2
1
1 x y ay =
--------------(1)

( )
2 2 2 2
1
1 x y a y =


( )
2 2 2
1 2 1 1
1 2 2 2 x y y xy a yy =

( )
2 2
2 1
1 x y xy a y =

( )
2 2
2 1
1 0 x y xy a y =
---------------(2)

{ } { }
2 2
0 2 1 1 2 0 1 1
(1 ) 2 2 0 ... 0 ... 0
n n n n n
n n n n n n
+ + +
+ + + + + =

2 2
0 2 1 1 2 0 1 1
(1 ) 2 2 0
n n n n n
n n n n n n
+ + +
=

2 2
2 1 1
(1 ) 2 ( 1) 0
n n n n n n
+ + +
=

2 2 2
2 1
(1 ) (2 1) ( ) 0
n n n
x y n xy n a y
+ +
+ + =
-----------------(3)
At
0, (0) 1 x y = =
-------------(4)
1
(0) (0) y ay a = = ---------(5)
From (2)
2 2
2
(0) (0) y a y a = = -------------(6)
From (3)
2 2
2
(0) ( ) (0)
n n
y n a y
+
= +

2 2 2 2 2 2 2
3 1 4 2
2 2 2 2
5 3 6 4
2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2
(0) (1 ) (0) (1 ) (0) (2 ) (0) (2 )
(0) (3 ) (0) (0) (4 ) (0)
(1 )(3 ) (2 )(4 )
y a y a a y a y a a
y a y y a y
a a a a a a
= + = + = + = +
= + = +
= + + = + +

So,
.... .......... ) 0 (
! 5
) 0 (
! 4
) 0 (
! 3
) 0 (
! 2
) 0 ( . ) 0 (
5
5
4
4
3
3
2
2
1
+ + + + + + = y
x
y
x
y
x
y
x
y x y y

....... ) 3 )( 1 ( .
! 5
) 2 (
! 4
) 1 ( .
! 3 ! 2
. 1
2 2 2
5
2 2 2
4
2
3
2
2
+ + + + + + + + + + = a a a
x
a a
x
a a
x
a
x
a x y

.......
! 5
) 3 )( 1 (
! 4
) 2 (
! 3
) 1 (
! 2
1
5
2 2 2
4
2 2 2
3
2
2 2
+ + + + + + + + + + =
x
a a a
x
a a
x
a a
x a
ax y
(Ans).
c) Expand tan( / 4 ) x + as the term and evaluate
0
tan 46 30' , to four decimal places.
Ans:
2 3
( ) ( ) ( ) '( ) ''( ) '''( ) ...........
2! 3!
h h
f x h f a h f x hf x f x f x + = + = + + + +

Let
( ) tan f x x =

( )
4
( ) tan , 1 f x x f

= =

( )
2
4
'( ) sec , ' 2 f x x f

= =

( )
2 3
4
''( ) 2tan sec 2tan 2tan , '' 4 f x x x x x f

= = + =

( )
2 2 2
4
'''( ) 2sec 6tan sec , '' 16 f x x x x f

= + =
, .
So,
2 3
4 4 4 4 4
tan( ) ( ) '( ) ''( ) '''( ) ...........
2! 3!
h h
h f hf f f

+ = + + + +

2 3
4
tan( ) 1 2 4 16 ...........
2! 3!
h h
h h
+ = + + + +

2 3
4
tan( ) 1 2 4 16 ...........
2! 3!
x x
x x
+ = + + + +

Now, by putting
0
3 3 3 22 / 7 33
1 30' deg 0.0262
2 2 180 2 180 1260
x ree

= = = = = ~

2 3
0
(0.0262) (0.0262)
tan(46 30') 1 2 (0.0262) 4 16 ...........
2! 3!
= + + + +

0
16
tan(46 30') 1 0.0524 2 0.00068644 0.00001798 ...........
6
= + + + +

0
tan(46 30') 1.0524 0.00137288 0.00004792 ........... = + + +

0
tan(46 30') 1.0538208 1.0538 = ~
(An
d) Trace the curve
2 2
( ) ( ) y a x x a x + = .
Ans:
2 2
( ) ( ) y a x x a x + =
a. It is symmetrical about y axis.
b.It passes through the origin.
c. Tangent at origin is
2 2 2 2
ay ax y x y x = = = .
d.Asymptote parallel to y axis is x a =
e. At x axis it passes through (a, 0) and at y axis it passes through (0, 0).
f. At , , 0 x a x a y > < < . So no curve when , x a x a > < .
The curve is as follows: -

1. Express
) (x f
in ascending process of
) ( a x
.

Ans:-( x) = [ a + ( x a) ]
=( a) + ( x a)
i
( a) +
( x-a)
2
2!

ii
( a) +
( x-a)
3
3!

iii
( a) + .

2. If
1
sin( sin ) y m x
= , prove that
2 2
2 1
(1 ) 0 x y xy m y + = and find (0)
n
y
Ans:- Given
1
sin( sin ) y m x
=

y
1
= us ( mx|n
-1
x) .
m
1-x
2

1 x
2
y
1
= mcux( mx|n
-1
x) . . ( 1)
DtIIerenttattng equattun ( !) w. r. t tu x , we get

1 x
2
y
2
+ y
1

2x
21 x
2
= mx|n( mx|n
-1
x)
m
1 x
2

( 1 x
2
) y
2
xy
1
= m
2
stn( mx|n
-1
x)
( 1 x
2
) y
2
xy
1
= m
2
y

( 1 x
2
) y
2
xy
1
+ m
2
y = ( 2)

Again dif f erent iat ing eq( 2) w . r. t t o x ,n t imes by Leibnit z rule , w e get
( 1 x
2
) y
n+2
+ 2xy
n+1
+ c
2
n
m
2
y [ xy
n+1
+ ny
n
] + m
2
y
n
=
( 1 x
2
) y
n+2
( 2n + 1) xy
n+1
+ ( m
2
n
2
) y
n
=
If x=0 ,then equation(1) becomes
y)
=m
If x=0 ,then equation (2) becomes
( y
2
)
=0s
Therefore ( y
n
)
=_
| |x euen
( 1)
k
m( m
2
1) ( m
2
3
2
) . ( m
2
( m 2)
2
| n |x udd
_

3. Use Taylors theorem to prove that

( ) ( ) .......
3
3 sin
sin
2
2 sin
sin
1
sin
sin tan ) ( tan
3 2 1 1
+ + = +

z
z h
z
z h
z
z h x h x
where
x z
1
cot
=
.
Ans: Given that
1
cot z x
=

cot x z =

2
1 cos
dz
ec z
dx
=

2
sin
dz
z
dx
=

Let
1 1

+ = + =

2
2 2 2
1 1 1
'( ) sin
1 1 cot cos
f x z
x z ec z
= = = =
+ +

2
''( ) 2sin .cos . sin 2 .( sin )
dz
f x z z z z
dx
= =

2
dz
f x z z z z z
dx
= +

2

3
2sin .sin3 z z =

So,
2 3
1
tan ( ) ( ) ( ) '( ) ''( ) '''( ) ......
2! 3!
h h
+ = + = + + + +

2 3
1 2 2 3
2! 3!
h h
x h z z z z z
= + + + +

2 3
1
( sin ) ( sin ) ( sin )
1 2 3
h z h z h z
x z z z
= + +

(Ans).

4. Trace the curve
2 2
) 3 ( 9 a x x ay =
.

Ans:- (1) . The curve is symmetrical about x-axis .
(2) The curve passes through the origin .the tangent at the origin is x=0 .
(3) The curve cuts x-axis also at (3a,0) .shifting the origin to (3a,0) ,the
new equation of the curve is

9oy
2
=( x + 3o) x
2

(4). No asymptote .
(5) Solving the given equation for y, we have

y
2
= x( x 3a)
2
x
2

When x is positive ,
When 0 < x < 3o, y
2
= + :c y is rcol .


(ii) When x > 3o , y
2
= + :c y is rcol .
(2). When x is negative , y
2
= :c y is imoginory ..
Therefore curve does not lie in the region a<0
(6) From the given equation ,we have
3yo
1 2
= x
3 2
3ox
1 2

3yo
1 2
d
dx
=
3
2
x
1 2

3
2
ox
-1 2
( 1)

d
dx
= 0x=a.

Hence the tangent is parallel to x-axis at x=a .
Differentiating (1) again w.r.t to x ,we get
o
1 2
( J
2
y Jx
2
) = x
-1 2
+ ox
-3 2

Clearly ( J
2
y Jx
2
) = 0 ot ( 3o, 0)
Hence the curve does not have a point of inflextion at (3a,0).
Combining the above facts ,the curve is as shown in the figure.

(a) Write the Leibnnitzs theorem for the n
th
derivative of the product of two function

n n
n
n n
n
n
n
n
n
n
n
n
1 1 1 2 2 2 1 1 1 0
...... .......... .......... ) (
.
(b) If
1 2
(sin ) , y x
= show that
2 2
2 1
(1 ) (2 1) 0
n n n
x y n xy n y
+ +
+ = and find (0)
n
y .
(Ans) Given
1 2
(sin ) , y x
=

Differentiating w.r.t to x ,we get
y
1
= 2sin
1
x
1
1 x
2

1 x
2
y
1
= 2( sin
1
x) .(2)
Squaring both the sides , we obtain
( 1 x
2
) y
1
2
= 4( sin
-1
x)
2

( 1 x
2
) y
1
2
= 4y(3)
Dividing both the sides by 2y
1
,we obtain
( 1 x
2
) y
2
xy
1
= 2
( 1 x
2
) y
2
xy
1
2 = 0..(4)
Now , differentiating equation(4) n times by Leibnitzs theorem , we get
( 1 x
2
) y
n+2
+ n( 2x) y
n+1
+
n( n 1)
2
( 2) y
n
= [ xy
n+1
+ ny
n
] 2 = 0

( 1 x
2
) y
n+2
( 2n + 1) xy
n+1
n
2
y
n
=0.(5)
Which is the required result
Now putting x=0 in equation 1,2,3,4,5 we obtain

( y)
0
= 0
( y
1
)
0
=0
( y
n+ 2
)
0
= n
2
( y
n
)
0

Case 1:- When n is a odd number , putting n=1,3,5,-------------n-2 in equation (5) ,we obtain
Putting n=1 in equation
( y
3
)
0
= 0
( y
5
)
0
= 0
( y
7
)
0
= 0
( y
9
)
0
= 0
Case2;- When n is a even number , putting n=2,4,6,-------------n-2 in equation (5) ,we obtain

( y
2
)
0
= 2
2
2

( y
4
)
0
= 2
2
2
( y
6
)
0
= 4
2
2
2
2
( y
n
)
0
) = ( n 2) )
2
4
2
2
2
2

(c) Expand x
e
log in powers ) 1 ( x and hence evaluate ) 1 . 1 ( log
e
correct to 4
decimal places.
Ans: -
x x f
e
log ) ( =
,
0 1 log ) 1 ( = =
e
f

x
x f
1
) ( = '
,
1
1
1
) 1 ( = = ' f

2
1
) (
x
x f = ' '
, 1 ) 1 ( = ' ' f

3
2
) (
x
x f = ' ' '
, ! 2 2 ) 1 ( = = ' ' ' f

4
6
) (
x
x f
iv

=
, ! 3 6 ) 1 ( = =
iv
f
Now, by Taylors series

........ ) 1 (
! 4
) 1 (
) 1 (
! 3
) 1 (
) 1 (
! 2
) 1 (
) 1 ( ) 1 ( ) 1 ( ) (
4 3 2
+
+ ' ' '
+ ' '
+ ' + =
iv
f
x
f
x
f
x
f x f x f

........ ) ! 3 (
! 4
) 1 (
) ! 2 (
! 3
) 1 (
) 1 (
! 2
) 1 (
) 1 )( 1 ( 0 ) (
4 3 2
+
+ + =
x x x
x x f

........
4
) 1 (
3
) 1 (
2
) 1 (
) 1 ( log
4 3 2
+
=
x x x
x x
e

Now

........
4
) 1 1 . 1 (
3
) 1 1 . 1 (
2
) 1 1 . 1 (
) 1 1 . 1 ( ) 1 . 1 (
4 3 2
+
= f


........
4
0001 . 0
3
001 . 0
2
01 . 0
1 . 0 ) 1 . 1 ( log + + =
e

........ 00002 . 0 0003 . 0 005 . 0 1 . 0 ) 1 . 1 ( log + + =
e

0953 . 0 ) 1 . 1 ( log =
e
upto 4 decimal places

(d) Trace the curve
3 3
3 x y axy + = .
Sol: (1) Interchanging x and y, the given equation remains unchanged, hence there is symmetry
about the line y=x.
(2) The curve passes through the origin and the tangents at the origin are given by 3axy=0, i.e.,
x=0, y=0 i.e., the coordinate axes. Hence (0,0) is a node.
(3) The curve cuts the axes at (0,0) only.

(4) Asymptote. From the given equation, we have
( x y) ( x
2
xy + y
2
) = 3axy.
The only asymptote is x + x + o = 0.

(5) From the given equation it is clear that x and y both cannot be negative since in this case left
hand side will become negative and right hand side will become positive, which is impossible.
Hence the curve will not exist in the 3
rd
quadrant.
(6) Intersection with the line (y=x): Putting y=x in the given equation, we get
2x
3
= 3ox
2
i. c. , x = 3
u
2
= y.
Hence the curve meets the line y=x in the point (3 a/2, 3 a/2). Also from the given equation
Jy
Jx
=
3x
2
3oy
3y
2
3ox
= 1 ot _3
o
2
,
3o
2
].
Thus the tangent at the point is inclined at an angle 135
0

Applied Maths I U II Solution

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Applied Maths I U II Solution

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APPLI ED MATHS I

in the power of ( / 4) x upto three terms.

= by Maclaurins theorem as for as

in ascending powers of x, by Maclaurins theorem.

+ ' ' '

+ ' ' '

+ ' ' '

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