Translating Justice: A Traditional Chinese Glossary for New York City

An English-to-Chinese language resource for interpreters and bilingual staff in New York Citys courts, justice agencies, and nonprofit organizations
City of New York Michael R. Bloomberg
Mayor

DISCLAIMER
The Vera Institute of Justice has prepared this legal glossary in collaboration with experienced translators, interpreters, and bilingual staff. While extensive revision and review was undertaken to ensure the accuracy of all terms in this glossary, the Vera Institute does not guarantee the accuracy of the translations. It is not intended to provide legal advice and should be used for general reference purposes only. If you have a specific legal concern or question, you should consult legal counsel. For more information, please contact the Vera Institutes Communications Department at (212) 334-1300.

2007 Vera Institute of Justice

The Vera Institute of Justice is a private, nonprofit organization dedicated to advancing safety and justice, promoting fair and efficient policy and practice, and working with leaders of government and civil society to improve the systems people rely upon for safety, security, and justice. Vera is a founding member of the Altus Global Alliance.

TRANSLATING JUSTICE: A TRADITIONAL CHINESE GLOSSARY FOR NEW YORK CITY

The Vera Institute of Justice developed this translated glossary of criminal and juvenile justice terms to serve as a resource for interpreters, translators, and bilingual staff at New York Citys justice and public safety agencies, courts, and nonprofit organizations. We hope the use of this glossary will improve Chinese-speaking New Yorkers access to justice, and will assist interpreters, translators, and bilingual staff in providing vital communicationboth written and oralto limited English proficient residents of our city. The glossary includes 640 legal and criminal justice words and phrases used in New York courts, justice agencies, and nonprofit organizations. The terms are organized both alphabetically and in the following categoriesAgency Names, Court Proceedings & Sentencing, Detention & Corrections, Drugs & Weapons, Juvenile Justice, Law Enforcement & Investigations, Penal Law & Offenses, and Probation & Parole. Existing glossaries from New York agencies and other state justice agencies were used as a starting point and ongoing reference for the project. We commissioned a team of bilingual staff and interpreters to collaboratively generate translations for the terms. Collectively, the translation team had decades of interpreting and translating experience and were representative of the regional diversity of the Chinese-speaking world. Our translation team tirelessly discussed each term and collectively decided on a translation or, in some cases, multiple translations. This final product reflects the thought, discussion, and collaboration our reviewers invested in this document. While we took great care to be inclusive and thorough in developing this glossary, we recognize that there may be errors, omissions, or additional translations for the terms in the glossary. We welcome any suggestions you have to improve the glossary. Please contact the Vera Institutes Communications Department at (212) 334-1300 to share your comments.

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
This project was made possible with generous support and funding from the New York City Council and the Councils Committee on Fire & Criminal Justice Services and the New York State Division of Criminal Justice Services.

We would like to thank the following individuals for their advice and guidance throughout the course of this project: Nathalie Alvarado, NYC Department of Probation; Kimberly Arena, NYC Law Department; Sandra Bryan, NYS Office of Court Administration Interpreting Services; Mari Curbelo, Criminal Justice Agency; John Evangelista, NYC Department of Probation; Nancy Festinger, Southern District of New York Court Interpreters Office; Megan Golden, Vera Institute of Justice; Linda Green, Manhattan Treatment Court volunteer; Anita Khashu, Vera Institute of Justice; Krista Larson, Vera Institute of Justice; Yumari Martinez, Vera Institute of Justice; Kleber Palma, NYC Department of Education Translating Unit; Pedro Perez, NYS certified court interpreter; Cynthia Peterson, NYC Office of the Criminal Justice Coordinator; Lisa Poris, Legal Information for Families Today; Officer Mildred Roman, New York City Police Department; Yanet Santiago, Safe Horizon; Barbara Taveras; Luisa Taveras, Vera Institute of Justice; Diane Ward, NYC Department of Correction; and Jon Wool, Vera Institute of Justice.

We would like to thank the four individuals who worked collaboratively on the traditional Chinese translation of this glossary: Kwan Kit Chan Mr. Chan is a bilingual staff member of the New York City Asian Womens Center, a nonprofit domestic violence agency. Maria Ho Ms. Ho is a bilingual staff member of the Chinese American Planning Council, a nonprofit organization that serves New York Citys Asian communities. Stella Lay Ms. Lay is a certified Cantonese and Mandarin court interpreter with the New York State Office of Court Administration. Way Moy Mr. Moy is a certified Cantonese and Mandarin court interpreter with the New York State Office of Court Administration.

Translating Justice: A Traditional Chinese Glossary for New York City

A
TERM
Abandonment Abet Abortion Abscond Absconder Accessory Accessory after the fact Accessory before The fact Accessory during the fact Accomplice Accusatory instrument Accuse (v.) Accused (n.) Acquit Acquittal Adjourn Adjournment in contemplation of dismissal (ACD) Adjudicate Adjudication of delinquency

TRADITIONAL CHINESE TRANSLATION ; ; ; (ACD)

CATEGORY
Penal Law & Offenses Court Proceedings & Sentencing Penal Law & Offenses Court Proceedings & Sentencing; Probation & Parole Court Proceedings & Sentencing; Probation & Parole Court Proceedings & Sentencing Court Proceedings & Sentencing Court Proceedings & Sentencing Court Proceedings & Sentencing Court Proceedings & Sentencing Court Proceedings & Sentencing Court Proceedings & Sentencing Court Proceedings & Sentencing Court Proceedings & Sentencing Court Proceedings & Sentencing Court Proceedings & Sentencing Court Proceedings & Sentencing Court Proceedings & Sentencing Court Proceedings & Sentencing; Juvenile Justice

-1-

Translating Justice: A Traditional Chinese Glossary for New York City

A
TERM
Adjustment Administer an oath Admissibility Admissible evidence Admission [into custody or incarceration] Admission [statement or confession] Admit into evidence Adultery Affidavit Affirm (v.) Aftercare Aggravated arson Aggravated assault Aggravated criminal contempt Aggravated harassment Aggravated sexual abuse Aggravated theft Aggravated unlicensed operation of a vehicle Aggravating circumstances

TRADITIONAL CHINESE TRANSLATION

CATEGORY
Court Proceedings & Sentencing; Probation & Parole Court Proceedings & Sentencing Court Proceedings & Sentencing Court Proceedings & Sentencing Detention & Corrections Court Proceedings & Sentencing; Law Enforcement & Investigations Court Proceedings & Sentencing Penal Law & Offenses Court Proceedings & Sentencing Court Proceedings & Sentencing Juvenile Justice Penal Law & Offenses Penal Law & Offenses Penal Law & Offenses Penal Law & Offenses Penal Law & Offenses Penal Law & Offenses Penal Law & Offenses Court Proceedings & Sentencing

-2-

Translating Justice: A Traditional Chinese Glossary for New York City

A
TERM
Aid and abet Allegation (n.) Allege (v.) Allocution [by defendant in a guilty plea] Amend Ammunition Appeal Appearance Appellant Appellate court Appoint (v.) Apprehend [a person] Arbitration Armed felony Arraign (v.) Arraignment Arrest (v.) Arrest record Arrest warrant

TRADITIONAL CHINESE TRANSLATION ; [] ;

CATEGORY
Penal Law & Offenses Court Proceedings & Sentencing Court Proceedings & Sentencing Court Proceedings & Sentencing Court Proceedings & Sentencing Drugs & Weapons Court Proceedings & Sentencing Court Proceedings & Sentencing Court Proceedings & Sentencing Court Proceedings & Sentencing Court Proceedings & Sentencing Court Proceedings & Sentencing; Law Enforcement & Investigations Court Proceedings & Sentencing Penal Law & Offenses Court Proceedings & Sentencing Court Proceedings & Sentencing Law Enforcement & Investigations Law Enforcement & Investigations; Court Proceedings & Sentencing Law Enforcement & Investigations

-3-

Translating Justice: A Traditional Chinese Glossary for New York City

A
TERM
Arson Assault (n.) Assault rifle Assessment Assigned counsel Assistant Corporation Counsel (ACC) Assistant District Attorney (ADA) Attest Attorney Attorney-client privilege Auto stripping Automatic pistol Await sentence Await trial

TRADITIONAL CHINESE TRANSLATION

CATEGORY
Penal Law & Offenses Penal Law & Offenses Drugs & Weapons Probation & Parole; Juvenile Justice Court Proceedings & Sentencing Court Proceedings & Sentencing; Juvenile Justice Court Proceedings & Sentencing Court Proceedings & Sentencing Court Proceedings & Sentencing Court Proceedings & Sentencing Penal Law & Offenses Drugs & Weapons Court Proceedings & Sentencing Court Proceedings & Sentencing

-4-

Translating Justice: A Traditional Chinese Glossary for New York City

B
TERM
Badge (n.) Bail (n.) Bail bond Bail out (v.) Bail revocation Ballistics Bench conference Bench trial Bench warrant Beyond a reasonable doubt Bigamy Blood Alcohol Content (BAC) Bond (n.) Booking Bribery Brief (n.) Bullet Bulletproof vest Burden of proof

TRADITIONAL CHINESE TRANSLATION ; (BAC)

CATEGORY
Law Enforcement & Investigations Detention & Corrections; Court Proceedings & Sentencing Detention & Corrections; Court Proceedings & Sentencing Detention & Corrections; Court Proceedings & Sentencing Detention & Corrections; Court Proceedings & Sentencing Drugs & Weapons Court Proceedings & Sentencing Court Proceedings & Sentencing Law Enforcement & Investigations; Court Proceedings & Sentencing Court Proceedings & Sentencing Penal Law & Offenses Drugs & Weapons; Law Enforcement & Investigations Detention & Corrections; Court Proceedings & Sentencing Law Enforcement & Investigations Court Proceedings & Sentencing Court Proceedings & Sentencing Drugs & Weapons Law Enforcement & Investigations Court Proceedings & Sentencing

-5-

Translating Justice: A Traditional Chinese Glossary for New York City

B
TERM
Burglary Buy & bust operation

TRADITIONAL CHINESE TRANSLATION ;

CATEGORY
Penal Law & Offenses Drugs & Weapons; Law Enforcement & Investigations

-6-

Translating Justice: A Traditional Chinese Glossary for New York City

C
TERM
Calendar Calendar part Capacity to consent Capital punishment Carjacking Caseload Casing Cemetery desecration Certificate of disposition Certificate of relief from disabilities Certified copy Chain of custody Change of venue Charge (n.)

TRADITIONAL CHINESE TRANSLATION ; ;

CATEGORY
Court Proceedings & Sentencing Court Proceedings & Sentencing Court Proceedings & Sentencing Court Proceedings & Sentencing Penal Law & Offenses Probation & Parole Drugs & Weapons Penal Law & Offenses Court Proceedings & Sentencing Court Proceedings & Sentencing Court Proceedings & Sentencing Court Proceedings & Sentencing; Law Enforcement & Investigations Court Proceedings & Sentencing Law Enforcement & Investigations; Court Proceedings & Sentencing Law Enforcement & Investigations; Court Proceedings & Sentencing Penal Law & Offenses Court Proceedings & Sentencing Penal Law & Offenses Court Proceedings & Sentencing

Charge (v.) Child abuse Child abuse/ neglect proceeding Child neglect Circumstantial evidence

-7-

Translating Justice: A Traditional Chinese Glossary for New York City

C
TERM
Citation [legal reference] Citation [summons] CJA panel attorney Clear and convincing evidence Clear and present danger Cocaine base Cocaine Coercion Collateral attack [on a conviction] Collateral review Collusion Commercial bribe receiving Commercial bribing Commitment Community court Community service Commutation Competence of defendant Competent evidence

TRADITIONAL CHINESE TRANSLATION CJA ; []

CATEGORY
Court Proceedings & Sentencing Law Enforcement & Investigations Court Proceedings & Sentencing Court Proceedings & Sentencing Court Proceedings & Sentencing; Law Enforcement & Investigations Drugs & Weapons Drugs & Weapons Penal Law & Offenses Court Proceedings & Sentencing Court Proceedings & Sentencing Penal Law & Offenses Penal Law & Offenses Penal Law & Offenses Court Proceedings & Sentencing; Detention & Corrections Court Proceedings & Sentencing Court Proceedings & Sentencing Court Proceedings & Sentencing Court Proceedings & Sentencing Court Proceedings & Sentencing

-8-

Translating Justice: A Traditional Chinese Glossary for New York City

C
TERM
Competent to stand trial Complainant

TRADITIONAL CHINESE TRANSLATION ;

CATEGORY
Court Proceedings & Sentencing Court Proceedings & Sentencing; Law Enforcement & Investigations Law Enforcement & Investigations; Court Proceedings & Sentencing Penal Law & Offenses Penal Law & Offenses Penal Law & Offenses Court Proceedings & Sentencing Court Proceedings & Sentencing; Probation & Parole Probation & Parole Probation & Parole Probation & Parole Court Proceedings & Sentencing Law Enforcement & Investigations; Court Proceedings & Sentencing Court Proceedings & Sentencing Court Proceedings & Sentencing Court Proceedings & Sentencing Court Proceedings & Sentencing; Penal Law & Offenses Court Proceedings & Sentencing Law Enforcement & Investigations; Detention & Corrections; Drugs & Weapons

Complaint Computer crime Computer tampering Computer trespass Concurrent sentence/term Conditional release/discharge Conditions of parole Conditions of probation Conditions of release Confession Confidential information Consecutive sentence Consent (n.) Consolidated action Conspiracy Contempt of court Contraband

-9-

Translating Justice: A Traditional Chinese Glossary for New York City

C
TERM
Contract (n.) Controlled substance Convict (n.) Convict (v.) Conviction Corporation Counsels Office Corrections officer Corroborate Corroborating affidavit Corroboration Count (n.) Counterfeiting Course of sexual conduct against a child Court Court appearance Court clerk Court order Court part Crack (n.)

TRADITIONAL CHINESE TRANSLATION ; ; ()

CATEGORY
Court Proceedings & Sentencing Drugs & Weapons Court Proceedings & Sentencing; Detention & Corrections Court Proceedings & Sentencing Court Proceedings & Sentencing Court Proceedings & Sentencing Detention & Corrections Court Proceedings & Sentencing Court Proceedings & Sentencing Penal Law & Offenses Court Proceedings & Sentencing Penal Law & Offenses Penal Law & Offenses Court Proceedings & Sentencing Court Proceedings & Sentencing Court Proceedings & Sentencing Court Proceedings & Sentencing Court Proceedings & Sentencing Drugs & Weapons

- 10 -

Translating Justice: A Traditional Chinese Glossary for New York City

C
TERM
Crime Crime of terrorism Crime scene Criminal conduct Criminal contempt Criminal court Criminal facilitation Criminal impersonation Criminal mischief and related offenses Criminal negligence Criminal nuisance Criminal possession Criminal possession of a weapon Criminal purchase of a weapon Criminal record Criminal sale of a firearm Criminal sale of marijuana Criminal simulation Criminal solicitation

TRADITIONAL CHINESE TRANSLATION

CATEGORY
Penal Law & Offenses Penal Law & Offenses Law Enforcement & Investigations Penal Law & Offenses Penal Law & Offenses Court Proceedings & Sentencing Penal Law & Offenses Penal Law & Offenses Penal Law & Offenses Penal Law & Offenses Penal Law & Offenses Penal Law & Offenses Penal Law & Offenses Penal Law & Offenses Law Enforcement & Investigations; Court Proceedings & Sentencing Penal Law & Offenses Penal Law & Offenses Penal Law & Offenses Penal Law & Offenses

- 11 -

Translating Justice: A Traditional Chinese Glossary for New York City

C
TERM
Criminal tampering Criminal trespass Criminal use of a firearm Criminal usury Criminally negligent homicide Cross examination Culpability Cumulative sentence Custodial interference Custody

TRADITIONAL CHINESE TRANSLATION

CATEGORY
Penal Law & Offenses Penal Law & Offenses Penal Law & Offenses Penal Law & Offenses Penal Law & Offenses Court Proceedings & Sentencing Court Proceedings & Sentencing Court Proceedings & Sentencing Penal Law & Offenses Law Enforcement & Investigations; Juvenile Justice; Detention & Corrections

- 12 -

Translating Justice: A Traditional Chinese Glossary for New York City

D
TERM
Dangerous instrument Deadly physical force Deadly weapon Decline to prosecute Defendant Defense Defense counsel/lawyer Definite sentence Delinquency Delinquency proceeding Delinquent Designated felony act Desk Appearance Ticket (DAT) Detainee Detention Determinate sentence Detoxification Direct examination Directed verdict

TRADITIONAL CHINESE TRANSLATION ; (DAT)

CATEGORY
Drugs & Weapons Drugs & Weapons; Penal Law & Offenses Drugs & Weapons Court Proceedings & Sentencing Court Proceedings & Sentencing Court Proceedings & Sentencing Court Proceedings & Sentencing Court Proceedings & Sentencing Juvenile Justice Juvenile Justice Juvenile Justice Juvenile Justice Court Proceedings & Sentencing Law Enforcement & Investigations; Detention & Corrections Detention & Corrections Court Proceedings & Sentencing Probation & Parole; Detention & Corrections Court Proceedings & Sentencing Court Proceedings & Sentencing

- 13 -

Translating Justice: A Traditional Chinese Glossary for New York City

D
TERM
Discharge Discovery [or disclosure] Dismiss a case Dismissal Dismissal with prejudice Dismissal without prejudice Disorderly conduct Disposition Dispositional hearing District Attorney (DA) Diversion Domestic violence Domicile Double jeopardy Drive-by shooting Driving Under the Influence (DUI) Driving While Intoxicated (DWI) Drug (n.) Drug abuse

TRADITIONAL CHINESE TRANSLATION (DA) (DUI) (DWI) ;

CATEGORY
Detention & Corrections; Probation & Parole; Court Proceedings & Sentencing Court Proceedings & Sentencing Court Proceedings & Sentencing Court Proceedings & Sentencing Court Proceedings & Sentencing Court Proceedings & Sentencing Penal Law & Offenses Court Proceedings & Sentencing; Juvenile Justice Juvenile Justice Court Proceedings & Sentencing Law Enforcement & Investigations; Court Proceedings & Sentencing Penal Law & Offenses Law Enforcement & Investigations; Court Proceedings & Sentencing Court Proceedings & Sentencing Law Enforcement & Investigations Penal Law & Offenses Penal Law & Offenses Drugs & Weapons Drugs & Weapons

- 14 -

Translating Justice: A Traditional Chinese Glossary for New York City

D
TERM
Drug addict Drug addiction Drug counseling Drug courier/mule Drug paraphernalia Drug rehabilitation center Drug testing Drug trafficking Duress

TRADITIONAL CHINESE TRANSLATION ;

CATEGORY
Drugs & Weapons Drugs & Weapons Drugs & Weapons Drugs & Weapons Drugs & Weapons Drugs & Weapons Drugs & Weapons Penal Law & Offenses; Drugs & Weapons Court Proceedings & Sentencing

- 15 -

Translating Justice: A Traditional Chinese Glossary for New York City

E
TERM
Early Case Assessment Bureau (ECAB) Eavesdropping Ecstasy Embezzle Endangering the welfare of Enter a plea to the indictment Entertain a motion Entrapment Entry of judgment Equal protection of laws Escape (n.)

TRADITIONAL CHINESE TRANSLATION (ECAB) ; ...

CATEGORY
Court Proceedings & Sentencing Penal Law & Offenses; Law Enforcement & Investigations Drugs & Weapons Penal Law & Offenses Penal Law & Offenses Court Proceedings & Sentencing Court Proceedings & Sentencing Law Enforcement & Investigations; Penal Law & Offenses Court Proceedings & Sentencing Court Proceedings & Sentencing Probation & Parole; Detention & Corrections; Law Enforcement & Investigations Probation & Parole; Detention & Corrections; Law Enforcement & Investigations Court Proceedings & Sentencing Court Proceedings & Sentencing Law Enforcement & Investigations; Penal Law & Offenses Court Proceedings & Sentencing Court Proceedings & Sentencing Detention & Corrections

Escape (v.) Evidence Ex parte Excessive force Exclusionary rule Exhibit (n.) Exoneration of bail

- 16 -

Translating Justice: A Traditional Chinese Glossary for New York City

E
TERM
Exploration of placement (EOP) Expunge Extreme emotional disturbance

TRADITIONAL CHINESE TRANSLATION (EOP)

CATEGORY
Juvenile Justice Court Proceedings & Sentencing Court Proceedings & Sentencing

- 17 -

Translating Justice: A Traditional Chinese Glossary for New York City

F
TERM
Fabricate evidence Fact-finding hearing Failing to respond to an appearance ticket Failure to appear (FTA)

TRADITIONAL CHINESE TRANSLATION (FTA) (FCAT) ;

CATEGORY
Penal Law & Offenses; Court Proceedings & Sentencing Juvenile Justice Penal Law & Offenses; Court Proceedings & Sentencing Penal Law & Offenses; Court Proceedings & Sentencing Law Enforcement & Investigations; Detention & Corrections; Penal Law & Offenses Penal Law & Offenses Juvenile Justice Juvenile Justice Penal Law & Offenses Penal Law & Offenses Penal Law & Offenses Court Proceedings & Sentencing Court Proceedings & Sentencing Juvenile Justice; Court Proceedings & Sentencing Law Enforcement & Investigations Drugs & Weapons Penal Law & Offenses Court Proceedings & Sentencing

False imprisonment Falsely reporting an incident Family Court Family Court Appearance Ticket (FCAT) Felony Female genital mutilation Fencing File a motion File notice of appeal Finding (n.) Fingerprints Firearms First degree murder Fixed sentence

- 18 -

Translating Justice: A Traditional Chinese Glossary for New York City

F
TERM
Force (n.) Forcible rape Forcible touching Forfeiture Forgery Foster care Fraud Fraudulent accosting Frisk Fugitive

TRADITIONAL CHINESE TRANSLATION ; ;

CATEGORY
Law Enforcement & Investigations; Detention & Corrections Penal Law & Offenses Penal Law & Offenses Law Enforcement & Investigations Penal Law & Offenses Juvenile Justice Penal Law & Offenses Penal Law & Offenses Law Enforcement & Investigations Detention & Corrections; Law Enforcement & Investigations

- 19 -

Translating Justice: A Traditional Chinese Glossary for New York City

G
TERM
Gambling Gang assault Good time [served on a sentence] Graffiti (n.) Graffiti (v.) Grand jury Grand larceny Guardian Guardian ad litem Guilty plea Guilty verdict

TRADITIONAL CHINESE TRANSLATION

CATEGORY
Penal Law & Offenses Penal Law & Offenses Detention & Corrections Penal Law & Offenses Penal Law & Offenses Court Proceedings & Sentencing Penal Law & Offenses Court Proceedings & Sentencing; Juvenile Justice Juvenile Justice Court Proceedings & Sentencing Court Proceedings & Sentencing

- 20 -

Translating Justice: A Traditional Chinese Glossary for New York City

H
TERM
Habeas corpus [writ of] Habitual offender Hacker Halfway/transition house Handgun Harassment Hate crime Hazing Hearing (n.) Hearing examiner Hearsay Heroin Hindering prosecution Homicide Hung jury

TRADITIONAL CHINESE TRANSLATION ;

CATEGORY
Court Proceedings & Sentencing Court Proceedings & Sentencing Penal Law & Offenses Probation & Parole Drugs & Weapons Penal Law & Offenses Penal Law & Offenses Penal Law & Offenses Court Proceedings & Sentencing Court Proceedings & Sentencing Court Proceedings & Sentencing Drugs & Weapons Penal Law & Offenses Penal Law & Offenses Court Proceedings & Sentencing

- 21 -

Translating Justice: A Traditional Chinese Glossary for New York City

I
TERM
Identity theft Illegal possession of a gun Illegal search and seizure Illegally seized evidence Immigration hold Immunity Impeach [a witness] Imprisonment Incapacitated person Incest Inciting to riot Incompetent person Inculpatory statement Indecent exposure Indeterminate sentence Indictment Indigent Information Informer/informant

TRADITIONAL CHINESE TRANSLATION ; ; [] ; ;

CATEGORY
Penal Law & Offenses Penal Law & Offenses Law Enforcement & Investigations Law Enforcement & Investigations Detention & Corrections Court Proceedings & Sentencing Court Proceedings & Sentencing Detention & Corrections Court Proceedings & Sentencing Penal Law & Offenses Penal Law & Offenses Court Proceedings & Sentencing Court Proceedings & Sentencing Penal Law & Offenses Court Proceedings & Sentencing Court Proceedings & Sentencing Court Proceedings & Sentencing Court Proceedings & Sentencing Law Enforcement & Investigations

- 22 -

Translating Justice: A Traditional Chinese Glossary for New York City

I
TERM
Infraction Initial appearance Insanity defense Insurance fraud Intake Intent Interpreter Interrogation [custodial] Intimidating a victim or witness Intoxication Investigation and Report (I&R) Involuntary manslaughter Issuing a bad check

TRADITIONAL CHINESE TRANSLATION ; (I&R)

CATEGORY
Court Proceedings & Sentencing; Probation & Parole Court Proceedings & Sentencing Court Proceedings & Sentencing Penal Law & Offenses Law Enforcement & Investigations; Detention & Corrections; Juvenile Justice Court Proceedings & Sentencing Court Proceedings & Sentencing Law Enforcement & Investigations Penal Law & Offenses Drugs & Weapons Court Proceedings & Sentencing; Probation & Parole Penal Law & Offenses Penal Law & Offenses

- 23 -

Translating Justice: A Traditional Chinese Glossary for New York City

J
TERM
Jail (n.) Jostling Judge (n.) Judgment Jump bail Jurisdiction Juror Jury Jury part Justification Juvenile Juvenile court Juvenile delinquency proceeding Juvenile delinquent Juvenile offender Juvenile petition

TRADITIONAL CHINESE TRANSLATION

CATEGORY
Detention & Corrections Penal Law & Offenses Court Proceedings & Sentencing Court Proceedings & Sentencing Penal Law & Offenses; Detention & Corrections; Court Proceedings & Sentencing Law Enforcement & Investigations Court Proceedings & Sentencing Court Proceedings & Sentencing Court Proceedings & Sentencing Court Proceedings & Sentencing Juvenile Justice Juvenile Justice Juvenile Justice Juvenile Justice Juvenile Justice Juvenile Justice

- 24 -

Translating Justice: A Traditional Chinese Glossary for New York City

K
TERM
Kidnapping Knives

TRADITIONAL CHINESE TRANSLATION

CATEGORY
Penal Law & Offenses Drugs & Weapons

- 25 -

Translating Justice: A Traditional Chinese Glossary for New York City

L
TERM
Lack of consent [on a sex offense] Larceny Latent prints Law Law guardian Lawyer Legal Aid Society Lesser included charge Lesser included offense Letter of disposition Liability Litigate Live ammunition Local supervision Loitering Lookout [for a sale]

TRADITIONAL CHINESE TRANSLATION []

CATEGORY
Penal Law & Offenses Penal Law & Offenses Law Enforcement & Investigations Court Proceedings & Sentencing Juvenile Justice Court Proceedings & Sentencing Court Proceedings & Sentencing Court Proceedings & Sentencing Court Proceedings & Sentencing Court Proceedings & Sentencing Court Proceedings & Sentencing Court Proceedings & Sentencing Drugs & Weapons Probation & Parole Penal Law & Offenses Drugs & Weapons

- 26 -

Translating Justice: A Traditional Chinese Glossary for New York City

M
TERM
Magistrate Make/post bail Malice aforethought Mandatory minimum sentence Mandatory sentence Mandatory surcharge Manslaughter Marijuana Marked money [to buy] Marshal Material witness Maximum sentence Mediation Medical examiner Menacing Mental disease/defect

TRADITIONAL CHINESE TRANSLATION ; []

CATEGORY
Court Proceedings & Sentencing Detention & Corrections Court Proceedings & Sentencing Court Proceedings & Sentencing Court Proceedings & Sentencing Court Proceedings & Sentencing Penal Law & Offenses Drugs & Weapons Law Enforcement & Investigations Law Enforcement & Investigations; Detention & Corrections Court Proceedings & Sentencing Court Proceedings & Sentencing Court Proceedings & Sentencing Detention & Corrections; Law Enforcement & Investigations Penal Law & Offenses Court Proceedings & Sentencing; Detention & Corrections Court Proceedings & Sentencing; Detention & Corrections Court Proceedings & Sentencing; Detention & Corrections

Mental incapacity

Mentally ill

- 27 -

Translating Justice: A Traditional Chinese Glossary for New York City

M
TERM
Minor [juvenile] Miranda hearing Miranda rights Miranda Rule Miranda warning Misapplication of property Misdemeanor Mistrial Mitigating circumstances Money laundering Monitoring Moral turpitude Motion (n.) Motion to dismiss Motive Mug shot Murder (n.)

TRADITIONAL CHINESE TRANSLATION

CATEGORY
Juvenile Justice Law Enforcement & Investigations; Court Proceedings & Sentencing Law Enforcement & Investigations Law Enforcement & Investigations Law Enforcement & Investigations Penal Law & Offenses Penal Law & Offenses Court Proceedings & Sentencing Court Proceedings & Sentencing Penal Law & Offenses Law Enforcement & Investigations; Probation & Parole Court Proceedings & Sentencing Court Proceedings & Sentencing Juvenile Justice; Court Proceedings & Sentencing Court Proceedings & Sentencing Law Enforcement & Investigations Penal Law & Offenses

- 28 -

Translating Justice: A Traditional Chinese Glossary for New York City

N
TERM
Neglect (n.) Negligence Negligent manslaughter New York City Department of Correction (DOC) New York City Department of Juvenile Justice (DJJ) New York City Department of Probation (DOP) New York City Family Justice Center New York City Law Department New York City Police Department (NYPD) New York State Division of Criminal Justice Services (DCJS) New York State Division of Parole New York State Office of Children and Family Services (OCFS) No true bill Nolle prosequi Nolo contendere Non-support of a child Notary public Notice (n.)

TRADITIONAL CHINESE TRANSLATION (DOC) (DJJ) (DOP) (NYPD) (DCJS) (OCFS) ; ;

CATEGORY
Penal Law & Offenses Penal Law & Offenses Penal Law & Offenses Agency Names

Agency Names

Agency Names Agency Names Agency Names Agency Names Agency Names Agency Names Agency Names Court Proceedings & Sentencing Court Proceedings & Sentencing Court Proceedings & Sentencing Penal Law & Offenses Court Proceedings & Sentencing Court Proceedings & Sentencing

- 29 -

Translating Justice: A Traditional Chinese Glossary for New York City

N
TERM
Notice of appeal

TRADITIONAL CHINESE TRANSLATION

CATEGORY
Court Proceedings & Sentencing

- 30 -

Translating Justice: A Traditional Chinese Glossary for New York City

O
TERM
Oath Objection Obscenity Obstruction of justice Offender Offense Offensive exhibition Order of protection Organized crime

TRADITIONAL CHINESE TRANSLATION

CATEGORY
Court Proceedings & Sentencing Court Proceedings & Sentencing Penal Law & Offenses Court Proceedings & Sentencing; Penal Law & Offenses Penal Law & Offenses; Court Proceedings & Sentencing Penal Law & Offenses; Court Proceedings & Sentencing Penal Law & Offenses Law Enforcement & Investigations; Court Proceedings & Sentencing Penal Law & Offenses

- 31 -

Translating Justice: A Traditional Chinese Glossary for New York City

P
TERM
Pardon Parole Parole [to release on] Parole revocation Parole supervision Parole violation Patronizing a prostitute Pedigree information Penalty Penitentiary Perjury Perpetrator Persistent felony offender Persistent sexual abuse Persistent violent felony offender Persons In Need of Supervision Persons In Need of Supervision (PINS) proceeding Petit larceny Petition (n.)

TRADITIONAL CHINESE TRANSLATION [] (PINS)

CATEGORY
Probation & Parole; Court Proceedings & Sentencing Probation & Parole Probation & Parole; Court Proceedings & Sentencing Probation & Parole Probation & Parole Probation & Parole Penal Law & Offenses Court Proceedings & Sentencing; Law Enforcement & Investigations Court Proceedings & Sentencing Detention & Corrections Penal Law & Offenses Penal Law & Offenses Penal Law & Offenses Penal Law & Offenses Penal Law & Offenses Juvenile Justice Juvenile Justice Penal Law & Offenses Court Proceedings & Sentencing; Juvenile Justice

- 32 -

Translating Justice: A Traditional Chinese Glossary for New York City

P
TERM
Piracy Placement Plea (n.) Plea agreement Plea bargain Plead guilty to a charge Police car Police precinct Possession Possession of gambling records Post/make bail Predicate felony offender Premises Pre-plea Investigation report (PPI) Preponderance of the evidence Pre-Sentence Investigation report (PSI) Presentment agency Pretrial detention Pretrial discovery

TRADITIONAL CHINESE TRANSLATION / ; ; / (PPI) (PSI)

CATEGORY
Penal Law & Offenses Juvenile Justice Court Proceedings & Sentencing Court Proceedings & Sentencing Court Proceedings & Sentencing Court Proceedings & Sentencing Law Enforcement & Investigations Law Enforcement & Investigations Law Enforcement & Investigations; Drugs & Weapons Penal Law & Offenses Detention & Corrections Penal Law & Offenses; Court Proceedings & Sentencing Law Enforcement & Investigations Law Enforcement & Investigations; Court Proceedings & Sentencing Court Proceedings & Sentencing Probation & Parole; Court Proceedings & Sentencing Court Proceedings & Sentencing Detention & Corrections Court Proceedings & Sentencing

- 33 -

Translating Justice: A Traditional Chinese Glossary for New York City

P
TERM
Pretrial release Prima facie case Prior conviction Prison Prisoner Pro se Probable cause Probable cause hearing Probation Probation officer Probation revocation Probation termination Probation violation Probationer Proceeding Proffer Promoting gambling Promoting prostitution Property

TRADITIONAL CHINESE TRANSLATION ()

CATEGORY
Court Proceedings & Sentencing; Detention & Corrections Court Proceedings & Sentencing Penal Law & Offenses; Court Proceedings & Sentencing Detention & Corrections Detention & Corrections Court Proceedings & Sentencing Court Proceedings & Sentencing; Law Enforcement & Investigations Juvenile Justice; Court Proceedings & Sentencing Probation & Parole Probation & Parole Probation & Parole Probation & Parole Probation & Parole Probation & Parole Court Proceedings & Sentencing Court Proceedings & Sentencing Penal Law & Offenses Penal Law & Offenses Law Enforcement & Investigations

- 34 -

Translating Justice: A Traditional Chinese Glossary for New York City

P
TERM
Property crime Prosecution Prosecutor Prostitute Prostitution Protective custody Public defender Public lewdness Punishment

TRADITIONAL CHINESE TRANSLATION ;

CATEGORY
Penal Law & Offenses Court Proceedings & Sentencing Court Proceedings & Sentencing Penal Law & Offenses Penal Law & Offenses Law Enforcement & Investigations Court Proceedings & Sentencing Penal Law & Offenses Court Proceedings & Sentencing

- 35 -

Translating Justice: A Traditional Chinese Glossary for New York City

R
TERM
Racketeering Rap sheet Rape Rearrest notification Reasonable cause Reasonable doubt Reasonable force Receiving stolen property Reckless assault Reckless endangerment Record Recuse (v.) Rehabilitation Released on Own Recognizance (ROR) Remain silent Remand (n.) Remand (v.) Rent gouging

TRADITIONAL CHINESE TRANSLATION (ROR)

CATEGORY
Penal Law & Offenses Law Enforcement & Investigations; Court Proceedings & Sentencing Penal Law & Offenses Law Enforcement & Investigations; Probation & Parole Court Proceedings & Sentencing Court Proceedings & Sentencing Law Enforcement & Investigations Penal Law & Offenses Penal Law & Offenses Penal Law & Offenses Court Proceedings & Sentencing Court Proceedings & Sentencing Probation & Parole; Juvenile Justice Court Proceedings & Sentencing; Detention & Corrections Law Enforcement & Investigations Juvenile Justice; Probation & Parole; Court Proceedings & Sentencing Juvenile Justice; Probation & Parole Penal Law & Offenses

- 36 -

Translating Justice: A Traditional Chinese Glossary for New York City

R
TERM
Residential treatment Resisting arrest Respondent Restitution Restitution and reparation Retribution Revocation Rifle Riot Risk/needs assessment Robbery Rosario Runaway

TRADITIONAL CHINESE TRANSLATION ; ; ; / Rosario

CATEGORY
Probation & Parole; Court Proceedings & Sentencing Penal Law & Offenses Juvenile Justice Court Proceedings & Sentencing Penal Law & Offenses Court Proceedings & Sentencing Probation & Parole; Juvenile Justice Drugs & Weapons Penal Law & Offenses Juvenile Justice; Probation & Parole Penal Law & Offenses Court Proceedings & Sentencing Juvenile Justice

- 37 -

Translating Justice: A Traditional Chinese Glossary for New York City

S
TERM
Sale or exchange Sanction Seal the record Search (n.) Search and seizure Search incident to an arrest Search warrant Second degree murder Seizure Self defense Semi-automatic gun Sentence (n.) Sentencing hearing Sex offense Sexual abuse Sexual assault Sexual intercourse Sexual misconduct Sexual predator

TRADITIONAL CHINESE TRANSLATION ;

CATEGORY
Penal Law & Offenses Probation & Parole; Juvenile Justice Court Proceedings & Sentencing Law Enforcement & Investigations Law Enforcement & Investigations Law Enforcement & Investigations Law Enforcement & Investigations Penal Law & Offenses Law Enforcement & Investigations Court Proceedings & Sentencing Drugs & Weapons Court Proceedings & Sentencing Court Proceedings & Sentencing Penal Law & Offenses Penal Law & Offenses Penal Law & Offenses Penal Law & Offenses Penal Law & Offenses Penal Law & Offenses

- 38 -

Translating Justice: A Traditional Chinese Glossary for New York City

S
TERM
Sheriff Shotgun Sodomy Speedball [mix of cocaine & heroin] Speedy trial Split sentence Stalking Statement Status offender Status offense Statute Statute of limitations Stay (n.) Steerer [assists in a sale by directing customers] Stickup Stipulation of settlement Stolen property Stop and frisk Strict liability

TRADITIONAL CHINESE TRANSLATION ; ; ;

CATEGORY
Law Enforcement & Investigations Drugs & Weapons Penal Law & Offenses Drugs & Weapons Court Proceedings & Sentencing Court Proceedings & Sentencing Penal Law & Offenses Law Enforcement & Investigations; Court Proceedings & Sentencing Juvenile Justice Juvenile Justice Court Proceedings & Sentencing Court Proceedings & Sentencing Court Proceedings & Sentencing Drugs & Weapons Drugs & Weapons Court Proceedings & Sentencing Penal Law & Offenses Law Enforcement & Investigations Court Proceedings & Sentencing

- 39 -

Translating Justice: A Traditional Chinese Glossary for New York City

S
TERM
Subpoena Summons Suppression of evidence Supreme Court Surveillance Suspect (n.) Suspended judgment Suspended sentence

TRADITIONAL CHINESE TRANSLATION

CATEGORY
Court Proceedings & Sentencing Law Enforcement & Investigations; Court Proceedings & Sentencing Court Proceedings & Sentencing Court Proceedings & Sentencing Law Enforcement & Investigations Law Enforcement & Investigations Court Proceedings & Sentencing Court Proceedings & Sentencing

- 40 -

Translating Justice: A Traditional Chinese Glossary for New York City

T
TERM
Taking into custody Tampering with a consumer product Technical violation Temporary order of protection Temporary restraining order Testify Testimony Theft Theft of services Time served Trace Trademark counterfeiting Treatment Trespass (v.) Trespasser Trial

TRADITIONAL CHINESE TRANSLATION

CATEGORY
Law Enforcement & Investigations; Detention & Corrections Penal Law & Offenses Probation & Parole Law Enforcement & Investigations; Court Proceedings & Sentencing Law Enforcement & Investigations; Court Proceedings & Sentencing Court Proceedings & Sentencing Court Proceedings & Sentencing Penal Law & Offenses Penal Law & Offenses Detention & Corrections; Court Proceedings & Sentencing Drugs & Weapons

Penal Law & Offenses

Drugs & Weapons Penal Law & Offenses Penal Law & Offenses Court Proceedings & Sentencing

- 41 -

Translating Justice: A Traditional Chinese Glossary for New York City

U
TERM
Unauthorized use of a vehicle Unauthorized use of credit card, debit card or public benefit card Unconditional release/discharge United States Attorney's Office (USAO) Unlawful assembly Unlawful imprisonment Unlawful possession Unlawful possession of a weapon Unmarked police car Unreasonable search and seizure

TRADITIONAL CHINESE TRANSLATION

CATEGORY
Penal Law & Offenses

Penal Law & Offenses (USAO) ;

Probation & Parole; Court Proceedings & Sentencing Agency Names Penal Law & Offenses Penal Law & Offenses Penal Law & Offenses Penal Law & Offenses Law Enforcement & Investigations Penal Law & Offenses

- 42 -

Translating Justice: A Traditional Chinese Glossary for New York City

V
TERM
Vandalism Vehicular assault Vehicular manslaughter Venue Verdict Victim Victim-impact statement

TRADITIONAL CHINESE TRANSLATION

CATEGORY
Penal Law & Offenses Penal Law & Offenses Penal Law & Offenses Court Proceedings & Sentencing Court Proceedings & Sentencing Court Proceedings & Sentencing Court Proceedings & Sentencing Law Enforcement & Investigations; Probation & Parole; Court Proceedings & Sentencing Penal Law & Offenses Penal Law & Offenses Penal Law & Offenses

Violation

Violent crime Violent offense Voluntary manslaughter

- 43 -

Translating Justice: A Traditional Chinese Glossary for New York City

W
TERM
Waive Warden Warrant Weapon Welfare fraud Wiretapping Witness Work release Writ

TRADITIONAL CHINESE TRANSLATION

CATEGORY
Court Proceedings & Sentencing Detention & Corrections Law Enforcement & Investigations Drugs & Weapons Penal Law & Offenses Penal Law & Offenses; Law Enforcement & Investigations Court Proceedings & Sentencing Detention & Corrections Court Proceedings & Sentencing

- 44 -

Translating Justice: A Traditional Chinese Glossary for New York City

Y
TERM
Youthful offender

TRADITIONAL CHINESE TRANSLATION

CATEGORY
Juvenile Justice

- 45 -

Translating Justice: A Traditional Chinese Glossary for New York City

REFERENCES
General Blacks Law Dictionary: Abridged Fifth Edition. St. Paul, MN: West Publishing Company, 1983. Criminal Law Handbook of New York. Binghamton, NY: Gould Publications, 2003. New York Family Law Handbook. Binghamton, NY: Gould Publications, 2006.

Chinese Kiang, Yi-seng. An English-Chinese Glossary of American Criminal Law and Criminal Procedure Law. Boston: Cheng & Tsui Company, 1989. Li, Zhong E. (Ed.) Everyday Law Compendium for Hong Kong (Vols. 1-3). Hong Kong: Commercial Press, 1991.

! . . (), 1991
Lu, Gusun. (Ed.) English-Chinese Dictionary (Unabridged). Hong Kong: Joint Publishing Company, 1992.

. . : (), 1992
An English-Chinese Dictionary of Law. Shanghai: local publisher, 1985.

. : , 1985

- 46 -