ideology is a set of beliefs ,ideology gives nation a direction and worldview and its implementation is the responsibility of the

concerned people. the ideology of pakistan Allama iqbal gave it a philosophical explanation ,quaid translated into political reality by passing objectives resolution in march 1949.muslims of south asia thought of this idea of having a seperate electorate . the idea of living under demcratic india dominated by hindu majority wasnt safe . muslims realized that islam and hinduism has no compatibility between the two despite living together for thouisands of years they have diffeerent cultures ,habbits they needed a state where they could order their lives in accordance with the teachings of holy quran and sunnah of Holy Prophet (PBUH) evolution of two nation theory. equality and social justice inspired conversions to islam .. a strong muslim community had emerged in india who had its own way of life ,traditions,heroes ,history and culture.muslims were held responsible for the rebellion by the birtish ... muslim rulers got defeated due to industrial and scientific developments and modern war strategy . sir syed ahmed khan (1817-98) who awakened and guided his comunity well in time the ali garh movement proved to be the best means of social mobility for the muslim gentry under colonial rule sir syed ahmed khan dint want muslims to join the congress as he though it wasnt a good time for muslims to get involved into anti government activities sir syed ahmad khans fear of hindu domination sowed the seeds for the two nations theory later espused by the all india muslium league founded in 1906 .Sir Syed argued that modern education and non-political activities might be the key to Muslim advancement. The Ali-Garh movement produced educated leadership who could protect the Muslims rights on the Western political lines.nitially, they demanded safeguards, constitutional guarantees and a federal system of government with powers to the provinces for protection and advancement of their heritage, identity and interests. Later, they demanded a separate state when neither the British nor the Hindu majority community was willing to offer those guarantees and safeguards.

culture of pakistan the culture of pakistan comprises of various ethnic groups punjabis,kashmiris,muhajirs ,makranis,sindhis,balochis ,pashtun.. pakistani cultures are greatly influenced by many of the surrounding countries turkic people,persian ,aarab and other south asian ethnic groups of the subcontinent . in ancient times pakistan was a major cultural hub . many cultures practices and great monuments have been inherited from the time of ancient rulers of the region one of the greatest cultural influences was that of the persian empire of which pakistan was a partother key influences include the afghan empire mughal empire and the short lived but influential british empire pakistan has been invaded many times in the past the proto indo aryans of which sindhis and punjabis descend from and later iranic people which the balochis and pashtuns descent from 55% literacy rate pakistans geography is the meeting point of south asia central asia and west asia architecture ramadan chandraat muharrab eid christmas

holi nowruz national dress is shalwar kameez initial difficulties faced by pakistan after independence. muslims sacrificed their lives to make pakistan possible. 1)choice of capital and establishment of government. to choose a capital to form a government and to establish a secretariat , karachi was chosen to be the capital and governer general was quaideazam and liaqat ali khan was appointed as prime minister. 2)unfair boundary distribution a boundary commission was set up under a british chairman sir cyril redcliff he misused his powers and handed muslim majority areas like gurdaspur,ferozpur and jullander to india hence providing them a gateway to kashmir 3)the massacare of muslim refugees in india hundus and sikhs became more furious muslim properties were set on fire and they were compelled to leave bharat for pakistan with nothing but their lives millions of refugees were killed before they reached pakistan and many miftants were looted and had to be provided boarding immediately as they reached pakistan 4)division of military and finantial assets: in order to embarrass pakistan financially india did a lot of dishonesty in the matters of pakistan which were concerned with its benefits pakistan was promised to get rs 750 million but the bharat government refused to give pakistan received only 200 million pakistan also did not receive the due share of the military assets the dishonest attitude put pakistan into great difficulties 5)canal water dispute most of the river flowing in pakistan have their origin in india in 1948 india stopped water supply to pakistani canals to damage the pakistani agriculture how ever on 9th september 1960 an agreement called the indus basin treaty was signed between the two countries. 6)kashmir dispute kashmir dispute is an unsoved problem kashmir is the natural part of pakistan because at the time of partition 85% of the kashmirs total population was muslim government of india declared kashmir as a part of india . pakistan has continously insisted that kashmir must get their right of self determination but due to non coperation of india kashmir issue still remain unsolved 7)the constitutional problem the constituent assembly failed to frame a constitution even in eight years lack of a permanent constitution created , chances of unsrupulous interference in democratic progress of pakistan 8)annexation of princely states all indian princely states were given the right to link up with either of dominions however the fate of the following states remained undecided. junagadh the muslim nawab governing junagadh favoured acceding to pakistan but indian government sent army troops towars junagadh and occupied the state by force hyderabad deccan largest and the richest state ruled by muslim ruler nizam who decided to remain independent but pressire began to be applied by the indian govt and mount batten india attacked hyderabad on 13th september and forcibly annexed this state to india

9)electricity problem due to transfer of muslim majority areas to bharat and unfair demarcation electricity system of west punjab was disrupted because all power stations were at mundi a predominantly muslim majority area gifted to bharat geography of pakistan it has variety of phhyscial contours it has green fertile plains hot deserts beautiful valleys snow clas mountains and magnificent coast line having a diverse range of physical feautres custom traditions culture is behavious peculiar to human beings together with material objects used culture consists of language ideas values attributes beliefs customs ccodes institutions tools works and arts religion law morality ceremonies and festivals a common language could create natural understanding to such on extent that speaker and listener comes together at one cultural level among the other regional languages and dialects urdu is the language spoken and understood through out the country over 300 languages and dialects are spoken across pakistan variety of languages is the main factor dividing the various cultural groups main languages of pakistan are sindhi punjabi balochii pashto and urdu the people of subcontinent developed it under 1000 years of muslim rule immigration from central asia afghanistan middle east turkey and persia over the countries complicated the racial mixture of the county pathan balochi sindhi and punjabi are the four major groups who are living in pakistan a propotion of the population belongs to urdu speaking who arrived pakistan at the time of partition from different parts of india there is a unifying sense of being a pakistani but regional loyalty is more powerful then the sense of being pakistani marriages in pakistan some information on games played in pakistan mixed culture pakistani culture can be called as mixed culture although the majority of people in pakistan are muslims by birth and faith there is a strong sense of influence of hindu culture on the present pakistani culture the shadows of this influence are quite visible on the marriage ceremonies and festivals like basant 100 years of british rule left deep mark of english culture in indo pak subcontinent due to advancement in media the whole world is turned into a global vilage leaving a strong impact on pakistani culture as well food and dressing ancient and modern heritage shah jahan masjid in thatta shalimar garden badshahi masjid and shahi qila of lahore are few examples of mughal architecture moenjodaro and harappa

art and craft islam prohibited from pictorial art therefore as being a muslim country emphasis in pakistan is laid on non pictorial form of art like calligraphy and floral and geometrical design people living in different areas of pakistan make different articles from the raw material avalible in their areas for example sindh is famous for ajrak embroidery glass work and kashi work beautiful decoration pieces made of sea eid ul fitr celebrated at the end of the month of ramadan eid ul azha celebrated on the 10th of zelhaj in the memory of abrahams willingness to slaughter his son 12th rabi ul awal as the birth day of holy propher muhammad (P.B.U.H) pakistan has a 1046 km coastline along the arabian sea and gulf of oman population is 190,291,129 making it the worlds sixth most populous country towering karakoram and pamir mountain ranges highest p[eaks k2 and nanga parbat baluchistan plateau lies in the west and the thar desert the 1000 mile long indus river second most populous muslim majority country larges shia population in the world 75% sunni 20% shia economy of pakistan 26th largest economy in the world in terms of purchasing power and the 47th larges in absolute dollar terms pakistans economy mainly encompasses textiles chemicals food processing and agriculture hakeems half the population lives in rural part of the country poverty compunded by illetracy low status of women and inadequate water of sanitation facilities has a deep impact on health indicators