PLUGLESS POWER

MGM COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY SECTOR-18, KAMOTHE NAVI MUMBAI PRESENTATION REPORT ON

PLUGLESS POWER
SUBMITTED BY,

SUMIT DALVI RUPESH JAMDAR AJAY BAKALKAR SANKET DAMANIA AKSHAY GUPTA VAISHALI KADAM ABDUL JABBAR SHAIKH SAGAR KANADE ELECTRICAL DEPARTMENT
ACADEMIC YEAR

(2012 -2013)

PREFACE
We take an opportunity to present this Presentation report on PLUGLESS POWER" and put before readers some useful information regarding our Presentation

We have made sincere attempts and taken every care to present this matter in precise and compact form, the language being as simple as possible.

We are sure that the information contained in this volume would certainly prove useful for better insight in the scope and dimension of this presentation in its true perspective.

The task of completion of the Presentation though being difficulty was made quite simple, interesting and successful due to deep involvement and complete dedication of our group members.

PLUGLESS POWER

Table Of Content
Introduction Block diagram Circuit diagram Working of circuit Component list Advantages & Disadvantages Applications Conclusion Bibliography

INTRODUCTION

As we are in 21st century, Day by day the no of vehicles are increasing, but on the other side fuels are depleting. After 30-40 years fuels goanna completely end up. To overcome from that few years ago the solution comes which is an electric car. But in electrical car there are some disadvantages 1) There is a battery which is sometimes heavy than the car. 2) If the capability of car is to sit 4 persons, and if 5th one came in the car then car will not move at all. 3) The battery should be replaced in 2 to 3 years, and the replacement cost is much more.

To overcome from that Google invented a technology which is PLUGLESS POWER or FUEL LESS ECO CAR. The principle is based upon RESONANT INDUCTIVE COUPLING. In inductive coupling power is transmit at the short range, but due to the presence of RESONANT power will be transferred at long range. There are two sides one is transmitting side (below the road) and other is receiving side (below the car). In this system, transmitting side is undergrounded which mainly consist of LC tank circuit, on the other hand receiving side also consist of LC tank circuit. And the transmitting side and receiving side both should have same resonant frequency. Due to the principle Resonant Inductive Coupling power is transmit from transmitting side to receiving side wirelessly. INVENTION: This invention relates to the transfer of electrical power via induction and in particular to a Resonance power transfer and distribution system using a coaxial transformer for electric vehicles. Electrically powered vehicles are useful in manufacturing and warehouse environments for transporting materials in automated material handling systems. Electrically powered vehicles are desirable in these environments due to their clean operation and low noise. Electric vehicles, however, require sufficient electrical power to have any meaningful mobility and speed. On-board rechargeable energy storage systems, such as batteries, have a significant

mass that must be moved in addition to the mass of the material to be transported and the mass of the electric vehicle itself

BLOCK DIAGRAM:
TRANSMITTING SIDE:

Power Supply

RF Oscillator

Mosfet

LC tank Circuit

Coil

RECEIVING SIDE:

Coil

LC tank Circuit

Power Supply

Clock Reset
LCD

Controller

Switch Mosfet

Speed Control Pot

Motor

CIRCUIT DIAGRAM:

WORKING:

 POWER SUPPLY DESIGN:Power supply is the first and the most important part .we require +5V regulated power supply with maximum current rating 5 mA. Following basic building blocks are required to generate regulated power supply.

Mains 230 V A.C.

Step-down transformer

Rectifi er

Filter Ckt.

Three Terminal Voltage reg.

Regulated O/P Voltage

1. STEP DOWN TRANSFORMER:Step down transformer is the first part of regulated power supply. To step down the mains 230V A.C. we require step down transformer. Following are the main characteristic of electronic transformer. 1) Power freq. 2) It is required to construct with sufficient insulation of necessary dielectric strength. 3) Transformer ratings are expressed in voltamp. transformers are usually designed to

operate from source of low impedance at a single

4) Temperature rise of a transformer is decided on two well-known factors i.e. losses on transformer and heat dissipating or cooling facility provided unit.

2. RECTIFIER UNIT:Rectifier unit is a circuit which converts A.C. into pulsating D.C. Generally semi-conducting diode is used as rectifying element due to its property of conducting current in one direction only. Generally there are two types of rectifier. 1) Half wave rectifier 2) Full wave rectifier. In half wave rectifier only half cycle of mains A.C. is rectified so its efficiency is very poor. So we use full wave bridge type rectifier, in which four diodes are used. In each half cycle, two diodes conduct at a time and we get maximum efficiency at o/p.

3. FILTER CIRCUIT :-

Generally a rectifier is required to produce pure D.C. supply for using at various places in the electronic circuit. However, the o/p of rectifier has pulsating character i.e. if such a D.C. is applied to electronic circuit it will produce a hum i.e. it will contain A.C. and D.C. components. The A.C. components are undesirable and must be kept away from the load. To do so a filter circuit is used which remove A.C. components reaching the load. Obviously a filter circuit is installed between rectifier and voltage regulator. 4. THREE TERMINAL VOLTAGE REGULATOR:A voltage regulator is a circuit that supplies constant voltage regardless of change in load current. IC voltage regulators are versatile and relatively cheaper.

COMPONENT LIST
SR.No 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Ply wood 3x2 Diode 1N4007 Power Diodes Capacitor1000uF,25V Voltage regulator IC 7805 Capacitor 1uF Microcontroller ATMega8535 Resistors , LED Description

9 10 12 13

Polyester capacitors IC Base PCB Wires

MAIN COMPONENT-

LM7805 SERIES VOLTAGE REGULATORS

VOLTAGE REGULATOR:
A voltage regulator is an electrical regulator designed to automatically maintain a constant voltage level. It may use an electromechanical mechanism, or passive or active electronic components. Depending on the design, it may be used to regulate one or more AC or DC voltages.

FEATURES:
Output current in excess of 1A Internal thermal overload protection No external components required Output transistor safe area protection

 Internal short circuit current limit Available in the aluminum TO-3 package

VOLTAGE RANGE:
LM7805C 5V LM7812C 12V LM7815C 15V

MOSFETS AND MOSFET DRIVERS

MOSFETs come in four different types. They may be enhancement or depletion mode, and they may be nchannel or p-channel. We are only interested in n-channel enhancement mode MOSFETs, and these will be the only ones talked about from now on. There are also logic-level MOSFETs and normal MOSFETs. We can use either type.

The source terminal is normally the negative one, and the drain is the positive one (the names refer to the source and drain of electrons). The diagram above shows a diode connected across the MOSFET. This diode is called the "intrinsic diode", because it is built into the silicon structure of the MOSFET. It is a consequence of the way power MOSFETs are created in the layers of silicon, and can be very useful. In most MOSFET architectures, it is rated at the same current as the MOSFET itself.

FEATURES:
1. Low drain to source resistance

2. Improved inductive ruggedness

3. Fast switching time

3. Low input capacitance

4. Extended safe operating area

5. Improved high temperature reliability

LCD:
DISPLAY:
Various display device such as seven segment display. LCD display, etc can be interfaced with microcontroller to read the output directly. In our project we use a two line LCD display with 16 characters each.

LCD:
Liquid crystal Display (LCD) displays temperature of the measured element, which is calculated by the microcontroller. CMOS technology makes the device ideal for application in hand held, portable and other battery instruction with low power consumption

GENERAL SPECIFICATION:
Drive method: 1/16 duty cycle Display size: 16 character * 2 lines Character structure: 5*8 dots. Display data RAM: 80 characters (80*8 bits) Character generate ROM: 192 characters Character generate RAM: 8 characters (64*8 bits) Both display data and character generator RAMs can be read from MPU. Internal automatic reset circuit at power ON. Built in oscillator circuit

Net Media 2x16 Serial LCD Display Module

ADVANTAGES OF WITRICITY:

More Convenient:

No manual recharging or changing batteries. Eliminate unsightly, unwieldy and costly power cords.

More Reliable:

Never run out of battery power. Reduce product failure rates by fixing the weakest link': flexing wiring and mechanical interconnects. There is no need of having a line of sight.

More Environmentally Friendly:

Reduce use of disposable batteries. Use efficient electric grid power' directly instead of inefficient battery charging.

ADVANTAGES
The car does not require fuel; hence saving of fuel. Completely pollution free. Friendly to the environment. No effect on any human being.

DISADVANTAGES:

a. One such drawback is the shortage of adequate charging stations to power up these cars... b. Installation cost is high

APPLICATION:
Consumer Electronics

Automatic wireless charging of mobile electronics (phones, laptops, game controllers, etc.) in home, car, office, Wi-Fi hotspots while devices are in use and mobile. Direct wireless powering of stationary devices (flat screen TVs, digital picture frames, home theater accessories, wireless loud speakers, etc.) eliminating expensive custom wiring, unsightly cables and wall-wart power supplies. Direct wireless powering of desktop PC peripherals: wireless mouse, keyboard, printer, speakers, display, etc eliminating disposable batteries and awkward cabling.

INDUSTRIAL

Direct wireless power and communication interconnections across rotating and moving joints (robots, packaging machinery, assembly machinery, machine tools) eliminating costly and failure-prone wiring. Direct wireless power and communication interconnections at points of use in harsh environments (drilling, mining, underwater, etc.) where it is impractical or impossible to run wires. Direct wireless power for wireless sensors and actuators, eliminating the need for expensive power wiring or battery replacement and disposal. Automatic wireless charging for mobile robots, automatic guided vehicles, cordless tools and instruments eliminating complex docking mechanisms, and labor intensive manual recharging and battery replacement.

TRANSPORTATION:

Automatic wireless charging for existing electric vehicle classes: golf carts, industrial vehicles. Automatic wireless charging for future hybrid and allelectric passenger and commercial vehicles, at home, in parking garages, at fleet depots, and at remote kiosks. Direct wireless power interconnections to replace costly vehicle wiring harnesses and slip rings.

OTHER APPLICATIONS:

Direct wireless power interconnections and automatic wireless charging for implantable medical devices (ventricular assist devices, pacemaker, defibrillator, etc.). Automatic wireless charging and for high tech military systems (battery powered mobile devices, covert sensors, unmanned mobile robots and aircraft, etc.). Direct wireless powering and automatic wireless charging of smart cards. Direct wireless powering and automatic wireless charging of consumer appliances, mobile robots, etc.

CONCLUSION
PLUGLESS POWER is good solution to overcome the problems of shortage of fuel. Not only it overcome the problem of shortage of fuel but also it overcome from drawback of electric car.

BIBILIOGRAPHY
o Basic Electronics B. Ram o Digital Electronics R.P. Jain o www.redcircuits.com o www.alldatasheet.com o www.elctronicsforu.com