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M231 1st.

EXAM
<Q1> Immediate transient vascular response in acute inflammation is due to: <C+> Histamine. <C>Leukotriene B4 <C>TNF <C>C3b <C>E-C5a <Q2> Selectins are characterized by all of the following EXCEPT: <C>Are receptors expressed on leukocytes. <C>Are receptors expressed on endothelial cells. <C>Can bind sialylated oligosaccharides. <C>They are CD62. <C+> They play a significant role in firm adhesion. <Q3> Chemotactic factors include all of the following EXCEPT: <C>Leukotriene B4 <C>C5a. <C>Chemokines. <C+> C3b. <C>C3a. <Q4> All of the following are effective in killing of microorganisms in acute inflammation EXCEPT: <C>Oxygen superoxide. <C>Hydroxyl group. <C+> Catalase. <C>Lactoferrin. <C>HOCI<Q5> Which of the following actions is mediated by leukotrienes C4, D4 and E4 <C+> Vasoconstriction. <C>Vasodilatation. <C>Smooth muscle necrosis. <C>Decreased vascular permeability <C>Bnonchondilatation. <Q6> Upon stimulation, which of the following is released from platelet granules <C>Arachidonic acid. <C+> Serotonin. <C>Eosinophilic chemotactic factor. <C>Platelet activating factor (PAF). <C>Nitric oxide. <Q7> The chemical mediator responsible for pain in acute inflammation is: <C>Histamine. <C>C3a. <C>C3b. <C>LeukotrieneB4. <C+> Prostaglandin.

<Q8> The most useful marker for leukocyte adhesion deficiency I is: <C>C3a. <C>TNF. <C+> CD18. <C>CD31. <C>CD1. <Q9> Which of the following is a preformed chemical mediator <C+> Serotonin. <C>Prostaglandin. <C>LeukotrieneB4. <C>Nitric oxide(NO). <C>Platelet activating factor. <Q10> Glucocorticoids act as anti-inflammatory drugs through: <C>Inhibition of cyclooxygenase-1. <C>Inhibition of cyclooxygenase-2. <C>Inhibition of 5-lipoxygenase. <C+> Inhibition of phospholipase. <C>Inhibition of 12-lipoxygenase. <Q11> All of the following increase with inflammation except : <C>Erythrocyte Sedimentation Rate (ESR) <C>C Reactive Protein (CRP) <C>Fibrinogen <C+> Anabolism <C>Serum Amyloid Protein A <Q12> The cytokine responsible for fever is: <C+> IL-1 <C>Bradykinin <C>IL-8 <C>PDGF(Platelet derived growth factor) <C>PAF (Platelet activating factor) <Q13> Granulomas are typically seen in association with all of the following except : <C>Tuberculosis <C+> Pneumococcal pneumonia <C>Fungal infection <C>leprosy <C>Sarcoidosis <Q14> Epithelioid cells within granulomas are derived from which of the following? <C>Plasma cells <C>Platelets <C>Neutrophils <C+> Macrophages <C>Lymphocytes

<Q15> Predominant cell types in typical chronic inflammatory reactions include all of the following except <C>Macrophages <C>T helper lymphocytes <C>Plasma cells <C+> Polymorphonuclear leukocytes <C>B lymphocytes <Q16> Fatty change of the liver is: <C> Common in viral hepatitis <C> Is a genetic disease <C> Common in hepatocellular carcinoma <C+> Often seen in alcoholic liver disease <C> Often seen in cyanide poisoning <Q17> Dystrophic calcification is characterized by : <C>Increased serum calcium & phosphate <C>Increased serum calcium , decreased serum phosphate <C>Decreased serum calcium, increased serum phosphate <C> Decreased serum calcium & phosphate <C+> Normal serum calcium & phosphate <Q18> A Prussian blue stain is done on granular pigment found in the liver & the stain is positive. Which of the following is the correct result : <C+> The stain is blue, therefore the pigment is hemosiderin <C> The stain is blue, therefore the pigment is lipofuschin <C> The stain is black, therefore the pigment is carbon <C> The stain is red , therefore the pigment is amyloid <C> The stain is red , therefore the pigment is cholesterol <Q19> Multiple clear vacuoles are seen in the cytoplasm of hepatocytes in an enlarged liver. Which of the following is most likely of the material in the vacuoles? <C>The material is glycogen & the vacuoles are normal <C>The material is amyloid & the cytoplasmic change is irreversible <C>The material is triglyceride & the change is irreversible. <C+> The material is triglyceride & the change is reversible. <C>The material is water & the change is reversible. <Q20> Which of the following provides an example of concomitant hyperplasia & hypertrophy? <C>Left ventricular hypertrophy in hypertension <C>Enlargement of skeletal muscle in athletics <C+> Uterine growth during pregnancy <C>Endometrial hyperplasia in response to certain ovarian tumors <C>Regenerating myocardial fibers after infarction <Q21> In the diagnosis of myocardial infarction, which of the following is true? <C>The dead muscle fibers rapidly regenerate <C>There is liquefactive necrosis in the center of the infarct <C+> There is a rise in troponins in the blood <C>There is an increase in serum lipase <C> The myocardial fibers become atrophic

<Q22> Release of cytochrome C into the cytosol is necessary for : <C>Necrosis <C>Autolysis <C+> Apoptosis <C>Lipid peroxidation <C>Metaplasia <Q23> Most susceptible to ischemia is : <C>Skeletal muscle <C+> Cardiac muscle <C>Uterine smooth muscle <C>Small intestine epithelium <C>Renal tubules <Q24> An attack of acute pancreatitis released amylase & lipase into the serum. This may be followed by : <C>Coagulative necrosis of the kidney <C>Wet gangrene of the intestine <C+> Fat necrosis of the peritoneum <C>Liquefactive necrosis posterior to the spleen <C>Apoptosis of liver cells <Q25> Which is true of squamous metaplasia in the respiratory epithelium? <C>This indicates an irreversible tissue damage <C+> It may be due to the continuous inhalation of an irritant <C>It may indicate a viral infection <C>It may be part of an aging process <C>It may be complicated by dystrophic calcification <Q26> Reperfusion of an area of myocardial necrosis may be followed by : <C>Accumulation of cholesterol <C>Hypertrophy of smooth endoplasmic reticulum <C+> Accumulation of free radicals <C>Deposition of hemosiderin <C>Deposition of lipofuscin <Q27> Brown atrophy of the heart of a smoker is most likely to be due to accumulation of : <C>Hemosiderin <C>Melanin <C+> Lipofuscin <C>Collagen <C>Carbon <Q28> Enzymes associated with antioxidant protection within the cell include all of the following except: <C>Superoxide dismutase <C+> Xanthine oxidase <C>Catalase <C>Glutathione peroxidase <C>All of the listed <Q29> Each type of necrosis is correctly paired with its likely involvement except: <C>Coagulation necrosis - heart

<C+> Liquefaction necrosis - spleen <C>Caseous necrosis - granulomatous inflammatory sites <C>Enzymatic fat necrosis pancreas <C>Coagulation necrosis kidney <Q30> One of the following about apoptosis is FALSE: <C>Is an active process <C+> Associated with heavy inflammatory cell infiltrate <C>Could be physiological <C>Occur in single cells <C>May occur in viral infections

M231 1st. EXAM

FORM B

<Q1> Immediate sustained vascular response in acute inflammation is characterized by:: <C>Affection of venules only <C>Affection of venules and arterioles. <C>Affection of capillaries alone. <C+> Affection of venules, capillaries and arterioles. <C>The response will vanish within 30 minutes. <Q2> The most useful marker for transmigration in acute inflammation: <C+> CD31 <C>CD21 <C>CD15 <C>CD30 <C>CD34 <Q3> Phagocytosis is facilitated by all of the following EXCEPT: <C>IgG <C>C3 <C>Collectins <C+> TNF <C>Opsonins. <Q4> All of the following are effective in killing of microorganisms in acute inflammation EXCEPT: <C>Oxygen superoxide. <C>Hydroxyl group. <C+> Catalase. <C>Lactoferrin. <C>HOCI<Q5> Effects of pGI2 include <C+> Inhibition of platelet aggregation. <C>Vasoconstriction. <C>Promotion platelet aggregation. <C>Smooth muscle necrosis. <C>Inhibition of neutrophil adhesion. <Q6> The predominant cells in acute inflammation due to Staphylococcus Aureus infection by the end of the first day of infection are: <C>Eosinophils. <C>Lymphocytes. <C>Plasma cells. <C>Monocytes. <C+> Neutrophils. <Q7> The chemical mediator responsible for pain in acute inflammation is: <C>Histamine. <C>C3a. <C>C3b. <C>LeukotrieneB4. <C+> Prostaglandin.

<Q8> The most useful marker for leukocyte adhesion deficiency I is: <C>C3a. <C>TNF. <C+> CD18. <C>CD31. <C>CD1. <Q9> Which of the following is a preformed chemical mediator <C+> Serotonin. <C>Prostaglandin. <C>LeukotrieneB4. <C>Nitric oxide(NO). <C>Platelet activating factor. <Q10> Glucocorticoids act as anti-inflammatory drugs through: <C>Inhibition of cyclooxygenase-1. <C>Inhibition of cyclooxygenase-2. <C>Inhibition of 5-lipoxygenase. <C+> Inhibition of phospholipase. <C>Inhibition of 12-lipoxygenase. <Q11> All of the following increase with inflammation except : <C>Erythrocyte Sedimentation Rate (ESR) <C>C Reactive Protein (CRP) <C>Fibrinogen <C+> Anabolism <C>Serum Amyloid Protein A <Q12> The cytokine responsible for fever is: <C+> IL-1 <C>Bradykinin <C>IL-8 <C>PDGF(Platelet derived growth factor) <C>PAF (Platelet activating factor) <Q13> Granulomas are typically seen in association with all of the following except : <C>Tuberculosis <C+> Pneumococcal pneumonia <C>Fungal infection <C>leprosy <C>Sarcoidosis <Q14> Epithelioid cells within granulomas are derived from which of the following? <C>Plasma cells <C>Platelets <C>Neutrophils <C+> Macrophages <C>Lymphocytes <Q15> Predominant cell types in typical chronic inflammatory reactions include all of the following except

<C>Macrophages <C>T helper lymphocytes <C>Plasma cells <C+> Polymorphonuclear leukocytes <C>B lymphocytes <Q16> Fatty change of the liver may be seen in all the following except: <C>Starvation <C>Alcohol toxicity <C>Obesity <C+> Cyanide poisoning <C>Diabetes <Q17> All are true of dystrophic calcification except : <C>Occurs at site of dead & dying cells <C>May follow fat necrosis <C+> Associated with abnormal calcium metabolism <C>Can be initiated intracellularly <C>May be deposited at sites of atherosclerosis <Q18> A 30 year old person sustained trauma in the region of a tattoo he has on the skin & the region became brown. To confirm that the pigment is hemosiderin rather than carbon, a biopsy of his skin should be stained by : <C+> Prussian blue stain <C>Gram stain <C>Congo red stain <C>Hematoxylin stain <C> Eosin stain <Q19> Multiple clear vacuoles are seen in the cytoplasm of hepatocytes in an enlarged liver. Which of the following is most likely of the material in the vacuoles ? <C>The material is glycogen & the vacuoles are normal <C>The material is amyloid & the cytoplasmic change is irreversible <C>The material is triglyceride & the change is irreversible. <C+> The material is triglyceride & the change is reversible. <C>The material is water & the change is reversible <Q20> Under certain conditions, which of the following show increase in number & the size of component cells with increase in their cytoplasm & size of organelles? <C>The female breast at menapause <C>The ovary at menopause <C> The cervix with chronic inflammation <C+> The myometrium during pregnancy <C> The skeletal muscle fibers after exercise <Q21> In the diagnosis of myocardial infarction, which of the following is true? <C>The dead muscle fibers rapidly regenerate <C>There is liquefactive necrosis in the center of the infarct <C+> There is a rise in troponins in the blood <C>There is an increase in serum alkaline phosphatase <C> The myocardial fibers are autolyzed

<Q22> Apoptotic bodies are most likely due to : <C>Activation of lipases <C+> Activation of caspases <C>Lipid peroxidation <C>Activation of superoxide dismutase <C>Activation of catalase <Q23> Most susceptible to ischemia is : <C>Skeletal muscle <C+> Neurons <C>Meningeal cells <C>Nerve fibers <C>Renal tubules <Q24> An attack of acute pancreatitis released amylase & lipase into the serum. This may be followed by: <C>Coagulative necrosis of the kidney <C>Wet gangrene of the intestine <C+> Fat necrosis of the peritoneum <C>Liquefactive necrosis posterior to the spleen <C>Apoptosis of liver cells <Q25> Biopsy of the bronchus of a chronic smoker frequently shows : <C>Dystrophic calcification <C+> Squamous metaplasia <C>Atrophy of mucous glands in the bronchus <C>Hyperplasia of the celia on surface epithelium <C>Apoptosis of columnar surface epithelial cells <Q26> An important mechanism in reperfusion injury is : <C+> Lipid peroxidation of cell membranes <C>Increase activity of catalase <C>Increase activity of glutathione peroxidase <C>Activation of P-450 oxidases <C>Inactivation of serum lipase <Q27> Brown atrophy of the heart of a smoker is most likely to be due to accumulation of: <C>Hemosiderin <C>Melanin <C+> Lipofuscin <C>Collagen <C>Carbon <Q28> Enzymes associated with antioxidant protection within the cell include all of the following except: <C>Superoxide dismutase <C+> Xanthine oxidase <C>Catalase <C>Glutathione peroxidase <C>All of the listed <Q29> Each type of necrosis is correctly described except:

<C+> Coagulation - loss of tissue architecture <C>Liquefaction - enzymatic softening and disruption of devitalized tissue <C>Caseous - eosinophilic morphous appearance <C>Enzymatic - liberation of pancreatic enzymes with autodigestion <C>Gangrene putrifaction <Q30> Apoptosis is most clearly delineated from coagulative necrosis by: <C>Different causative factors <C>Reversibility of cytoplasmic changes <C>Different organs affected <C+> Absence of a significant inflammatory cellular response <C>Local prostroglandins elaborated after injury

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