Title

EFFICIENT GREEN SMART HOME

Registration Number
IC-03215

Participant Name

Department + Semester

College
AMRITA SCHOOL OF ENGINEERING,COIMBATORE AMRITA SCHOOL OF ENGINEERING,COIMBATORE

Email

Contact number

S.PARTHASARADHI SHANKAR RAJENDRAN -

EEE, V th SEM EEE, V th SEM -

parthu_007@yahoo.co.in helzvog5@yahoo.com -

+919944859760 +918883218890 -

DESCRIPTION OF HOME: The smart home is a two floored building. It has three bed rooms in the ground floor, one for children, the other for grandparents and the other the master bedroom. Excepting the master bedroom the other two bedrooms has a balcony looking out into the lawn. Each bedroom has an attached bathroom. The ground floor also consists of a hall, kitchen with a utility, dining room. A flight of stairs are built from one corner of the hall to the top floor. The study room is constructed in the top floor along with an open terrace. The shape of the roof is a square with rectangular strips branching out from each side. The entire house is surrounded by a lawn with walking spaces in between. Behind the house in the lawn at the end a sewage treatment plant is constructed. MATERIAL FOR CONSRUCTION: The house is built in a frame type construction, where the pillars at the edges bear the entire weight of house supporting it. Concrete is used for pillar construction. The frames in between is usually filled up with bricks and cement, but here one fourth of wall in base portion and one fifth at the top is filled with vacuum bricks and cement. The remaining portion is filled with double panelled glass with movable shutters for protection, where one panel is movable providing the ventilation of air. The major part of exterior walls is filled with glass in order to allow maximum light into the house. The interior walls of the house are filled up with bricks and cement normally. LAYOUT OF HOUSE: GROUNDFLOOR LAYOUT:

DESCRIPTION OF LOAD: We have only taken the general Indian home setup into consideration when deciding our list of appliances that would act as load to our system. The tabular column below represents the load distribution throughout the home. (note: the load is mentioned for a real house)
COMPONENTS

Bed room1

Bed room2

Mast er bedr oom

h Kitche a n l l

ROOMS

d i n i n g

St Balconi u es d y ro o m

terra ce

utilit y

Garag e

bathroo ms

Law n

LED installation DC fans PC Refrigrator AC Washing machine Oven Mixer TV Solar water heater Electric chimney Exhaust fan

3 1 1 1 -

3 1 1 1 -

5 2 1 -

5 2 2 1 1 1 -

2 4 1 1 2 1 -

2 -

2 1 -

2 1 1

2 1

5 3

10 -

- 1 - -

- - -

ELECTRICAL LAYOUT: In the proposed green home, the electrical load is divided into two types, AC load and DC load. AC LOADS: Refrigerator Television Washing machine Microwave oven Air conditioners DC LOADS: LED installations Fans PC Mixer Water heater Exhaust fans Electric chimney

Here the entire AC load is connected to the grid directly. Their demand is entirely met by the grid. The energy required by these appliances is extremely high and it cannot be met by the green energy as it is extremely expensive to setup the battery bank required for AC systems. Also since green energy is always available in DC, the conversion to AC has extremely low efficiency and hence it is not feasible. As there is no green energy involved, a monitoring system is unnecessary for these loads. Numerous sets of flat solar panels are arranged on the roof such that every set is centred on each side of the roof ensuring harvest of maximum solar energy possible. Two battery banks are setup in place. One to power the DC grid (main battery bank) and the other will act as a reserve battery bank to play the role of a last resort in case all other energy supplies fail. Energy is supplied to the reserve battery bank both through the green energy and AC supply (AC voltage which comes in is rectified). Hence once the monitoring system of the reserve battery bank detects that it is completely charged, the supply is terminated. The main battery bank which powers the DC grid completely relies on green energy to charge it. For the DC load, a continuous power monitoring module is in place to measure the energy consumed by each component in the DC load. The total energy supplied to the DC load is in the form of green energy which is being supplied from the DC grid. The DC grid is in turn powered by the main battery bank. When the total energy demand by the DC load exceeds the capacity of main battery bank, the power monitoring module will act in such a way as to switch the supply of some maximum demand components of DC load to rectified AC supply. This system ensures that the lighter loads like fans and LED installations are always relying on green energy. In case of failure of green energy, the entire DC load relies on rectified AC supply and in case of failure of rectified AC supply the reserve battery bank kicks in. But the reserve battery bank will meet the demand only to a certain extent to ensure the reliability on very essential loads like illuminaries and fans even during the absence of both green and AC supply.

SCHEMATIC DIAGRAM:
GREEN ENERGY S S MAIN BATTERY BANK RESERVE BATTERY BANK AC DC CONVERTER-2 AC DC CONVERTER-1 CONTROL OF ALL SWITCHES S

GRID ENERGY

AC LOAD

S S

DC GRID

DIFFERENT SWITCHES FOR EACH LOAD POWER MONITORING MODULE

DC LOAD

FLOW CHART: Here is the flow chart explaining the whole process when DC load is on:

CHARGE RESERVE BATTERY FROM GRID ENERGY

SWITCH HIGH DEMAND COMPONENT AS INDICATED BY POWER MODULE TO AC POWER SUPPLY

N
Information from power monitoring module

DC LOAD ON

GREEN ENERGY AVAILABLE

Y
CHARGE DEMAND > SUPPLY AC POWER AVAILABLE

N N
CHARGE RESERVE BATTERY FROM GREEN ENERGY SWITCH LOAD TO MAIN BATTERY BANK SUPPLY MINIMUM CHARGE LEVEL REACHED IN RESERVE BATTERY BANK

RESERVE BATTERY BANK 100% CHARGED

N Y
Information from RBB monitoring module

N
SWITCH DC LOAD TO RESERVE BATTERY BANK

Y
DISCONNECT BOTH SUPPLIES FROM GRID AND SOLAR ENERGY

SWITCH ONLY ESSENTIAL DC COMPONENTS LIKE LIGHTS, FANS TO RESERVE BATTERY

SOCKETS Sockets with ultralow standby power are implemented in order to reduce the total standby power consumption by electrical appliances in home. Turned-off electric home appliances generally still require standby power when they are plugged in. We present a way to reduce the standby power of a socket. Our socket supplies the appliances with power when the user turns them on. When the user turns them off, our socket shuts the electric power off and thus reduces the standby power. LED LIGHTING LED installations for the interior part of the house are monitored by a set of smart ambient wireless sensors each for a different room. They adjust the brightness of LEDs continuously in every room according to the intensity of luminescence in the room. Here in the room the total intensity of light is measured continuously using lumex meter and accordingly the brightness of LED is adjusted. The LED installations in the balconies, garage and lawn are based on piezo-electric sensing devices. Here the piezo-electric sensors are spread out over a certain area covering entire width of the pathway such that it is split into rectangular strips. These strips will act as the illuminance range of one LED installation. The working of this setup is explained as follows: The sensors will be present at regular intervals one after the other depending on illuminance range of one installation. If we consider two consecutive sensor strips, the stepping of a person into the first strip will SET the first LED installation. The moment the person steps on second sensor strip, the first installation is RESET and the second installation will be SET.

This system thus ensures that unless a person steps on the next strip, the illuminance is guaranteed in the area that he is currently located. TEMPERATURE CONTROL: Another addition to the smart home is a temperature sensor which maintains an ambient temperature throughout the living space. This is achieved through a system where in the glass windows automatically perform an open and close operation to maintain the temperature at 298K throughout the year. The user also has the option of switching off the temperature sensor according to his requirements. AUTOMATIC SPRINKLING SYSTEM IN LAWN: The entire house is surrounded by lawn with some walking spaces in between. The lawn is provided by the automatic sprinkling system depending upon the dampness present in ground. The supply to sprinklers is from the sewage plant. When the dampness of ground reaches the specified level in sensor, the sprinklers automatically switch on watering the garden surface.

CONCLUSION: The idea presented here is a collaboration of innovation and electrical application. As you think about how effective this idea can be we would like to guide you on how we have taken care to adhere to the five main aspects on which this paper is expected to concentrate on, namely: Green, Safe, Reliable, Productive and efficient Our main focus here is to reduce the reliance of the load on the electrical grid and use green energy in the form of solar power. Herein, we realized the importance of how our system must be green and eco-friendly. We have monitoring systems in place to ensure that there is no electrical damage when switching from green energy to grid supply or vice-versa. Standard electrical and electronic safety measures will be incorporated into the system and also the usage of any kind of chemicals is almost non-existent and hence no leakage or spillage of any kind is possible. The aspect of reliability is where our system outshines other models. Even in case of failure of AC power supply and green energy, we have a reserve battery bank in place to ensure continuous power supply to essential loads like the LED Lighting of the Home. As it can be observed, the system here is highly reliable and can provide power even when all other power supply forms fail. Such is the flexibility offered here. PROTOTYPING IDEA: For the prototype of our idea we will be using two large PCB boards, one each to represent the circuitry on the ground floor and the top floor. Glass fibre surrounds the entire system. We use lithium ion battery in place of actual solar panels to provide green energy to our prototype. According to the layout presented, the PCB may be divided into different segments and appropriate loads are connected. The sensors that we will be using are light sensors, temperature sensors and piezo-electric sensors. We will be using small LEDs instead of the lighting devices described in our initial plan and DC motors instead of fans. The power monitoring module is assigned a separate location and is made using PIC micro-controllers. Coming back to sensors, the temperature sensor is used to monitor the surrounding temperature and hence also control the opening and closing of windows in the respective room to ensure maximum air circulation and cooling. The light energy sensor is used to adjust brightness according to the requirements and hence impose optimum efficiency and conserve maximum energy. Initially all loads will be switched on and as time progresses the sensors will come into play to bring in balance and efficiency. To show the switching of some maximum load components at some point of time to the AC grid we use a DC motor in our prototype as maximum load component switching to an electromagnetic relay. The energy consumed in this model will then be pitted against normal energy consumption values and the amount of energy consumed can then be ascertained.
LIST OF COMPONENTS: COMPONENT PCB Board(30cm x 20cm) Glass fibre(100cmx 10 cm) DC motors(12 V) LED lights( 3 V) Lithium ion battery(14 V-15 V);(60 Ah) Piezo electric sensor Temperature sensor Light energy sensor PIC microcontroller and peripherals,wiring QUANTITY 2 1 3 10 1 4 1 1

The total cost of entire setup is calculated and is found to be approximately Rs.10,000/only(including some miscellaneous costs).