Early Education in Calamba and Bian Rizal had his early education in Calamba and Bian.

It was a typical schooling that a son of an ilustrado family received during his time, characterized by the four Rsreading, writing, arithmetic, and religion. Instruction was rigid and strict. Knowledge was forced into the minds of the pupils by means of the tedious memory method aided by the teachers whip. Despite the defects of the Spanish system of elementary education, Rizal was able to acquire the necessary instruction preparatory for college work in Manila. It may be said that Rizal, who was born a physical weakling, rose to become an intellectual giant not because of, but rather in spite of, the outmoded and backward system of instruction obtaining in the Philippines during the last decades of Spanish regime. The Heros First Teacher The first teacher of Rizal was his mother, who was a remarkable woman of good character and fine culture. On her lap, he learned at the age of three the alphabet and the prayers. "My mother," wrote Rizal in his student memoirs, "taught me how to read and to say haltingly the humble prayers which I raised fervently to God." As tutor, Doa Teodora was patient, conscientious, and understanding. It was she who first discovered that her son had a talent for poetry. Accordingly, she encouraged him to write poems. To lighten the monotony of memorizing the ABCs and to stimulate her sons imagination, she related many stories. As Jose grew older, his parents employed private tutors to give him lessons at home. The first was Maestro Celestino and the second, Maestro Lucas Padua. Later, an old man named Leon Monroy, a former classmate of Rizals father, became the boys tutor. This old teacher lived at the Rizal home and instructed Jose in Spanish and Latin. Unfortunately, he did not lived long. He died five months later. After a Monroys death, the heros parents decided to send their gifted son to a private school in Bian. Jose Goes to Bian One Sunday afternoon in June , 1869, Jose, after kissing the hands of his parents and a tearful parting from his sister, left Calamba for Bian. He was accompanied by Paciano , who acted as his second father. The two brothers rode in a carromata, reaching their destination after one and one-half hours drive. They proceeded to their aunts house, where Jose was to lodge. It was almost night when they arrived, and the moon was about to rise. That same night, Jose, with his cousin named Leandro, went sightseeing in the town. Instead of enjoying the sights, Jose became depressed because of homesickness. "In the moonlight," he recounted, "I remembered my home town, my idolized mother, and my solicitous sisters. Ah, how sweet to me was Calamba, my own town, in spite of the fact that was not as wealthy as Bian." First Day in Bian School

The next morning (Monday) Paciano brought his younger brother to the school of Maestro Justiniano Aquino Cruz. The school was in the house of the teacher, which was a small nipa hut about 30 meters from the home of Joses aunt. Paciano knew the teacher quite well because he had been a pupil under him before. He introduced Jose to the teacher, after which he departed to return to Calamba. Immediately, Jose was assigned his seat in the class. The teacher asked him: "Do you know Spanish?" "A little, sir," replied the Calamba lad. "Do you know Latin?" "A little, sir." The boys in the class, especially Pedro, the teachers son laughed at Joses answers. The teacher sharply stopped all noises and begun the lessons of the day. Jose described his teacher in Bian as follows: "He was tall, thin, long-necked, with sharp nose and a body slightly bent forward, and he used to wear a sinamay shirt, woven by the skilled hands of the women of Batangas. He knew by the heart the grammars by Nebrija and Gainza. Add to this severity that in my judgement was exaggerated and you have a picture, perhaps vague, that I have made of him, but I remember only this." First School BrawlIn the afternoon of his first day in school, when the teacher was having his siesta, Jose met the bully, Pedro. He was angry at this bully for making fun of him during his conversation with the teacher in the morning. Jose challenged Pedro to a fight. The latter readily accepted, thinking that he could easily beat the Calamba boy who was smaller and younger. The two boys wrestled furiously in the classroom, much to the glee of their classmates. Jose, having learned the art of wrestling from his athletic Tio Manuel, defeated the bigger boy. For this feat, he became popular among his classmates. After the class in the afternoon, a classmate named Andres Salandanan challenged him to an armwrestling match. They went to a sidewalk of a house and wrestled with their arms. Jose, having the weaker arm, lost and nearly cracked his head on the sidewalk. In succeeding days he had other fights with the boys of Bian. He was not quarrelsome by nature, but he

never ran away from a fight. Best Student in School In academic studies, Jose beat all Bian boys. He surpassed them all in Spanish, Latin, and other subjects. Some of his older classmates were jealous of his intellectual superiority. They wickedly squealed to the teacher whenever Jose had a fight outside the school, and even told lies to discredit him before the teachers eyes. Consequently the teacher had to punish Jose. Early Schooling in Bian Jose had a very vivid imagination and a very keen sense of observation. At the age of seven he traveled with his father for the first time to Manila and thence to Antipolo to fulfill the promise of a pilgrimage made by his mother at the time of his birth. They embarked in a casco, a very ponderous vessel commonly used in the Philippines. It was the first trip on the lake that Jose could recollect. As darkness fell he spent the hours by the katig, admiring the grandeur of the water and the stillness of the night, although he was seized with a superstitious fear when he saw a water snake entwine itself around the bamboo beams of the katig. With what joy did he see the sun at the daybreak as its luminous rays shone upon the glistening surface of the wide lake, producing a brilliant effect! With what joy did he talk to his father, for he had not uttered a word during the night! When they proceeded to Antipolo, he experienced the sweetest emotions upon seeing the gay banks of the Pasig and the towns of Cainta and Taytay. In Antipolo he prayed, kneeling before the image of the Virgin of Peace and Good Voyage, of whom he would later sing in elegant verses. Then he saw Manila, the great metropolis , with its Chinese sores and European bazaars. And visited his elder sister, Saturnina, in Santa Ana, who was a boarding student in the Concordia College. When he was nine years old, his father sent him to Bian to continue studying Latin, because his first teacher had died. His brother Paciano took him to Bian one Sunday, and Jose bade his parents and sisters good-bye with tears in his eyes. Oh, how it saddened him to leave for the first time and live far from his home and his family! But he felt ashamed to cry and had to conceal his tears and sentiments. "O Shame," he explained, "how many beautiful and pathetic scenes the world would witness without thee!" They arrived at Bian in the evening. His brother took him to the house of his aunt where he was to stay, and left him after introducing him to the teacher. At night, in company with his aunts grandson named Leandro, Jose took a walk around the town in the light of the moon. To him the town looked extensive and rich but sad and ugly. His teacher in Bian was a severe disciplinarian. His name was Justiniano Aquino Cruz. "He was a tall

man, lean and long-necked, with a sharp nose and a body slightly bent forward. He used to wear a sinamay shirt woven by the deft hands of Batangas women. He knew by memory the grammars of Nebrija and Gainza. To this add a severity which, in my judgement I have made of him, which is all I remember." The boy Jose distinguished himself in class, and succeeded in surpassing many of his older classmates. Some of these were so wicked that, even without reason, they accused him before the teacher, for which, in spite of his progress, he received many whippings and strokes from the ferule. Rare was the day when he was not stretched on the bench for a whipping or punished with five or six blows on the open palm. Joses reaction to all these punishments was one of intense resentment in order to learn and thus carry out his fathers will. Jose spent his leisure hours with Justinianos father-in-law, a master painter. From him he took his first two sons, two nephews, and a grandson. His way life was methodical and well regulated. He heard mass at four if there was one that early, or studied his lesson at that hour and went to mass afterwards. Returning home, he might look in the orchard for a mambolo fruit to eat, then he took his breakfast, consisting generally of a plate of rice and two dried sardines. After that he would go to class, from which he was dismissed at ten, then home again. He ate with his aunt and then began at ten, then home again. He ate with his aunt and then began to study. At half past two he returned to class and left at five. He might play for a short time with some cousins before returning home. He studied his lessons, drew for a while, and then prayed and if there was a moon, his friends would invite him to play in the street in company with other boys. Whenever he remembered his town, he thought with tears in his eyes of his beloved father, his idolized mother, and his solicitous sisters. Ah, how sweet was his town even though not so opulent as Bian! He grew sad and thoughtful. While he was studying in Bian, he returned to his hometown now and then. How long the road seemed to him in going and how short in coming! When from afar he descried the roof of his house, secret joy filled his breast. How he looked for pretexts to remain longer at home! A day more seemed to him a day spent in heaven, and how he wept, though silently and secretly, when he saw the calesa that was flower that him Bian! Then everything looked sad; a flower that he touched, a stone that attracted his attention he gathered, fearful that he might not see it again upon his return. It was a sad but delicate and quite pain that possessed him.
ose Rizals first teacher was his mother, who had taught him how to read and pray and who had encouraged him to write poetry. Later, private tutors taught the young Rizal Spanish and Latin, before he was sent to a private school in Bian.

When he was 11 years old, Rizal entered the Ateneo Municipal de Manila. He earned excellent marks in subjects like philosophy, physics, chemistry, and natural history. At this school, he read novels; wrote prize-winning poetry (and even a melodramaJunto al Pasig); and practiced drawing, painting, and clay modeling, all of which remained lifelong interests for him

Rizals early informal formal education (Binan, Ateneo and UST) Presentation Transcript

1. B. RIZALS EARLY INFORMAL EDUCATION (BINAN, ATENEO, AND UST)The HEROs FIRST TEACHER (Zaide and Zaide)- Teodora Alonzo y Realonda good character and refined was Rizals first teacher- At the age of three she taught Rizal arithmetic, alphabet and prayers in Latin, Spanish and Tagalog- Story of the Moth- By age six Rizal become adept at drawing, clay modeling and carving- Maestro Celestino and Lucas Padua 1st private tutors- Don Leon Monroy taught Rizal Latin and Spanish but died five moths later. 2. EARLY FORMAL EDUCATION (BINAN) June 1869- Dec. 17, 1871Rizal accompanied by Paciano left Calamba for Binan in June 1869 With his poker face Paciano gave Rizal a cue on how a man should behave during partings and sentimental occasions. Stayed in his Aunt Tomasa Mercado.Tomasa had an unmarried daughter Margarita and a widower son Gabriel. Rizals young kinsfolk were Leandro (mischievous), Florentina (vulgar type) and Arcadia (hot headed, simple and honest) who became his friend. 3. Maestro Justiniano Aquino Cruz tall, thin and stooped with a large neck and sharp nose, he believed in not sparing the rod. Rizal complained that rare was the day when he did not suffer five or six palmetazos on his hands or his behind even though he surpassed all of his classmates in Spanish, Latin and other subjects.Pedro teased Rizal uttering un poco Senor 2x who became so vexed, he challenged Pedro to a fight whom he defeated, Rizal having been taught the art of wrestling by his Tio Manuel.Old Juancho gave and taught Rizal lessons in painting and drawing. 4. His bitterness against these barbarous methods of instruction never left him. In the Noli, the first thing Ibarra proposes when he came home was to build a house in San Diego where the primer would not be a black book bathed in childrens tears but a friendly guide to marvelous secrets. Not a torture-chamber but a playground of the mind.Other Binan memories:Playing in the streets in the evening under the moolight, remembered his beloved father, idolized mother and loving sisters.Rizal was shoved by

his naughty nephew Leandro into the river where he nearly drowned if not caught by someone on his feet. 5. Tasked to deliver viand to her Tia Tomasas children, only to be suspecteded of consuming part of it.Supper one or two helpings of rice and single piece of fish Lunch sent first on errand before allowed to sat.For all of these he told his sisters Narcisa and Maria he wanted to go home but was told he cant go home. Rizal must have felt he was in prison.Rizal in Binan was a struggle, an initiation, cruelty for one so young, felt displaced and as outsider. - He left the country at aged 21, how can Rizal create so detailed a portrait of San Diego Noli Me Tangere and El Fili? 6. Martyrdom of GOMBURZAJan. 20, 1872 200 Filipino soldiers and workmen of the Cavite arsenal and La Madrid a Fil. Sergeant staged mutiny for abolition of their exemption from tribute and polo y servicio.Gomburza were implicated and by order of Gov. Gen. Rafael Izquierdo, they were executed by garrote on Feb. 17, 1872.INJUSTICE TO HEROs MOTHER (Zaide)In 1872 Jose Alberto, Dona Teodoras brother found his children abandoned and his wife living with another man.Dona Teodora prevailed over J. Alberto not to divorce his wife as he announced. 7. The wife was in no way repentant and resented the reconciliation.J. Alberto frequented Dona Teodora in Calamba to which the wife interpreted as they were plotting something criminal against her.The wife filed a case against Dona Teodora and her brother Don Jose Alberto and with the connivance of Spanish Lieutenant of guardia civil and assistance of Antonio Vivencio del Rosario, Gobernadorcilio of Calamba, succeeded in arresting Dona Teodora. Forced to walk from Calamba to Sta. Cruz.Dona Teodora was defended by Messrs. Francisco de Marcaida and Manuel Marzan, most famous lawyers of Manila. She was acquitted by Manila Royal Audiencia and was released after two- and- half years. 8. 3. STUDIES IN ATENEOOn June 10, 1872 Jose accompanied by Paciano went to Manila and took the entrance examination at the College of San Juan de Letran managed by the Dominicans. Returned to Calamba on June 24 for the town fiesta in honor of St. John the Baptist.Paciano following the instruction of Don Francisco enrolled Jose in Ateneo using Rizal as Joses surname to avoid suspicion by the Dominicans, Mercado being used by Paciano and marked by the friars as liberal having been a desciple of Padre Burgos. 9. Fr. MaginFerrando refused to admit Jose for being late, sickly and undersized but with the help of Manuel Xerez Burgos nephew of Padre Burgos Rizal was finally admitted in Ateneo.Boarded in Dona Titays a spinster who owed the Mercados 300 pesos/dollars?Rizal and bosom friend Pastor Millena daily hopped across the Pasig river on the Puente de Barcas.SUBJECTS: Christian Doctrine, Spanish, Latin, Greek and French; World Geography and History, History of Spain and the Phil. Arithmetic, algebra, geometry, trigonometry, mineralogy, chemistry, physics and botany and zoology, Poetry rhetoric and philo.First day of class in Ateneo in June 1872, first he heard mass. First Teacher Father Jose Bech 10. Some classmates: Florencio G. Oliva, a Lagunense, great talent but mediocre industry; Joaquin Garrido, mestizo of poor memory but much talent; Moises Santiago, mathematician and penman Gonzalo Marzan interno and Roman Emperor of their class.Rizal an externo Carthaginian was at the bottom but within 3 months became the Emperor and awarded a holy picture for prize and crowned with a grade of SOBRESALIENTE/excellent but got in prolonged sulk for resenting some of Fr. Bechs

remarks awarded only ACCESSIT meaning, Rizal was among the leaders but not top of his class.Visited his mother, he said How I enjoyed surprising her!. Afterward we embraced each other and both of us wept. We had not seen each other for more than a year. 11. Won medal the next year, visited his mother again and predicted her release after 3 months which came true.Took private Spanish lesson in Sta. Isabel College SECOND YEAR IN ATENEO 1873-74 Rizal moved inside Intramuros and boarded at Dona Pepay de Ampueros boarding house at No. 6 Magallanes St.I was able to win prizes in all the semesters and I would have won a medal if some mistakes in Spanish, which unfortunately I spoke badly, had not enabled a young European to have advantage of me. 12. The landlord was very strict with me, which was all to the good because I had to keep regular hours. But Rizal was distracted by four grandsons, Jose, Rafael, Ignacio and Ramon which caused him to receive only one first prizeand a medal in Latin.Carved an image of the Virgin; His Jesuit professor asked him to carve a Sacred Heart which he did using batikuling wood and penknife. Statuette enshrined at the dorm, later in his execution would ask from the Jesuit Chaplain if the Sacred Heart carving is still there.Don Agustin Saez a peninsular Rizals professor in drawing/painting.Romualdo de Jesus, Filipino Rizals instructor in sculpture 13. To remedy his defect in Spanish, he read DUMAS Conde de Monte Cristo Edmond Dantes amazingly escaped from dungeon of Chateau dlf, found a buried treasure on the rocky island of Monte Cristo, returned in disguise to wreak vengeance on his enemies.Persuaded his father to buy costly set of Cesar Cantus historical work Universal HistoryRead Travels in the Philippines by Dr. Feodor Jagor, a German scientist who visit the Philippines in1859-1860- contains observations of defects of Spanish colonization and prophecy that Spain would lose the Philippines to the USA. 14. THIRD YEAR IN ATENEO 1874-1875 Dona Teodora was released from prisonExcellent in all subjects, won only one medalFOURTH YEAR IN ATENEOHis professor Francisco de Paula Sanchez, great educator and scholar inspired Rizal to study harder and to write poetry. Became admirer of Rizal and Rizal considered him his best professor. model of uprightness, earnestness and love for the advancement of his pupils.Topped all his classmates in all subjects and won five medals.LAST YEAR IN ATENEOMost brilliant Atenean, The Pride of the JesuitsObtained highest grades in all subjects philo., physics, biology, chemistry, languages, mineralogy, etc. 15. EXTRA CURRICULAR ACTIVITIES (Zaide)Marian Congregation religious society as member & later on as secretary/because of his devotion to Our Lady of the Immaculate Conception.Academy of Spanish Literature member being gifted Academy of Natural Sciences literature and sciencesRizal cultivated his literary talent under Fr. F. SanchezFr. Jose Villaclara advised Rizal to stop communing with the Muses and pays more attention to Philosopy and Natural Sciences.He studied painting under AugustinSaez, a Spanish and sculpture under Romualdo de JesusJesuits father were amazed and impressed by Rizals scultural talent, Father Lleonart requested him to carve Sacred Heard, now placed on the door of their dormitory. 16. SOME POEMS WRITTEN IN ATENEO (Zaide)Mi PrimeraInspiracion (My First Inspiration written by Rizal before turning 14yrs. Old (1874) dedicated to his mother in her birthdayPOEMS WRITTEN IN 1875Felicitacion (Felicitation); El Embarque: el

Primero en dar la Juelta al Mundo (And He is Spanish: Elcanon, the First to Circumnavigate the Globe; el Combate: Urbistondo, Terror de Jolo (The Battle: Urbistondo, Terror of Jolo); POEM WRITTEN IN 1876: AlianzaIntima Entre la Religion y la Buena Education (Intimate Alliance Between Religion and Good Education); Por la EducacionRecibeLustre la Patria (Through Education the Country Receives Light); El Cautiverio y el Triunfo: Batalla de Lucena y Prision de Bodbil (The Captivity and the Triump: Battle of Lucena and the Imprisonment of Boadbil); La EntradaTriunfal de los Reyes Catolices en Granada (The Triumphal Entry of the Catholic Monares Into Granada) 17. 1877 POEMSEl Heroismo de Colon (The Heroism of Columbus); Colon y Juan II; Gran Consuelo en la Mayor Desdicha (Great Solace in Great Misfortune); Un DialogoAlusivo a la Despedida de los Colegiales ( A farewell Dialogue of the Students)OTHER POEMSAl Nino Jesus (To the Child Jesus); Ala Virgen Maria (To the Virgin Mary)DRAMA San Eustacio, Martir (St. Eustace the Martyr) finished by Rizal in June 2,1876 upon the request of Fr. Sanchez 18. JESUITS INFLUENCE (Leon MA. Guerrero)Jesuit RATIO STUDIORUM under tight and constant discipline, with every incentive of competition and rewardControl of the minds of men from infancy*RATIO STUDIORUM compilation of general principles and detailed instructions for teachers, rather a spirit and a method than a mechanical formula or a blind pedagogical techniqueSPIRIT which is infused was the spirit of classical humanities, the arts of human culture;METHOD combined memory and understanding, t he daily lesson being explained in a prefection and recited the next day. 19. *AD MAJOREM DEI GLORIAM - For the greater glory of God; to make steadfast lifelong Catholics, The philosophy of man as creature of a personal God was the climax of the collegiate course; classes began and ended with prayers and the whole school life was centered on the Chapel; Highest level of extra-curricular activities was found on Congregacion Mariana or Sodality of Our Lady and the Apostatolado de la Oracion, the Apostleship of Prayer members were students with highest qualities of scholarship and leadership. 20. *Rizal was a pious child Mother taught me how to read and say haltingly the humble prayers that I raised pervently to God; Pilgrimage in Antipolo, Our Lady of Good Voyage; Family praying the rosary every night; Went often to the Chapel of Our Lady of Peace (Binan)First day in Ateneo How fervently I went to the Chapel of the Jesuit to hear mass, what fervent prayers I raised to God.Year of Graduation prayed fervently in the chapel and commended my life to the Virgin. 21. *RIZALs SENSITIVENESS and SELF ASSERTIVENESS Blumentritts short biography of Rizal Rizal felt deeply the little regard with which he was treated by the Spanish. He strove to find out what moral right the Spanish xxx has to despise a man who thought like them, learned the same things and had the same capabilities, simply because he had a brown skin and wiry hairIn school there was no difference in the standard of intellect between whites and the Indios. 22. A KIND OF RACE JEALOUSY HAD TAKEN HOLD ON RIZAL He rejoiced whenever he solved difficult problems which his white classmates had been unable to tackle. Had CONVICTION that other things being equal, whites and Indios had the same capacity for mental work and made the same progress. White and Indios had the same

mental ability.This explain his sudden improvement in his scholastic record. It was a RACIAL PRIDE as much as the MONASTIC discipline and SECLUSION of boarding school life which had driven him to win five medals a year. 23. In school, the whites were taught in their mother tongue while the Indios have to struggle to learn; hence the Indios were mentally superior to the Spaniards if they succeeded not only in keeping pace with the whites but even in managing occassionally to surpass them.Evaluating the two years (his last in Ateneo collegiate course) which I considered the happiest in my life, if happiness can be said to consist in the absence of disagreeable cares. 24. Jose found that the study of poetry and rhetoric had elevated my feelings; also that patriotic sentiments as well as exquisite sensibility had developed greatly in me.We are bound to interpret those patriotic sentiments in the light of his successful experiments in racial capacities. 25. UNIVERSITY LIFE AT USTJose Rizal to Blumentritt, 8th November 1888 xxx I was sixteen when my mother told my father: Dont send him to Manila any longer; he knows enough; if he gets to know any more, they will cut off his head! Did my mother perhaps have a foreboding of what was to happen to me Does a mothers heart really have a second sight? (Guerrero) 26. Rizal uncertain as to what profession to follow :Priesthood natural propensity in young boys/girls in religious school Rizal a Jesuit.Farming seem to have been suggested by the JesuitPaciano to Jose 1883 I do not think that the study of law will suit you but rather the arts; in this I am of the same view as our parish priest. Those who do practice law collect their fees for defending one side or the other, whether it is right or wrong, something 27. which would run against the grain of your conscience. While there are few who practice medicine and the arts, they make progress here and they live peacefully, the one thing we should look for in this world. (Guerrero) What if Rizal became a lawyer???Enrolled Surveying in Ateneogot excellent grades and won 2 medals in Topography and Agriculture during his first day in UST (1877-1878). At age 17 passed examination in surveying but was issued only the title on November 25, 1881. 28. In April 1877, nearly 16 years old enrolled in UST and took Philosophy and Letters for 2 reasons: a) Rizal still uncertain what course to take; b) his father liked it. TOOK MEDICINE upon the advice of Ateneo Rector and to cure his mothers growing blindness (Zaide) But so little taste did I have for if that I did not even buy the textbook. (Rizal reaction to his course in Philo and Letters) Got EXCELLENT grades in cosmology, theodicy and the history of philosophy. (Guerrero) 29. 1877-78 (Philosophy and Letter)Cosmology and Metaphysics, Teodicy, History and Philosophy - Excellent Anatomy - GoodPhysics - Fair Dissection - GoodChemistry ExcellentNat. Hist. - Good1879-1880 2nd yearAnatomy 2, Dissection 2, Philosophy, Private Hygine, Pub Hygine Good1880-1881 3rd yearGen. Pathology Fair; Therapeutics Excellent; Surgery - Good 30. 1881 1882 4th year Med. Pathology, Surgical Pathology and Obstetrics - Very GoodReasons for unimpressive grades perhaps medicine was not his real vocation; Unhappy with the Dominicans; His race jealousy appears to have been outraged by professors who played favorites and treated their Filipino students with contempt;

Exciting destructions for youth boarding away from school; His first infatuation SegundaKatigbak; Leonor Rivera and Leonor Orang 31. Valenzuela; Saturnina asking him to buy her a drum at Escolta; Paciano asking him to check a forecast of floods and to deliver to the Jesuits for their museum a white iguana; Soledad who wanted taken out of convent school because the nun beat her and said all she did was eat, eat and eat; Parties, and gang fights and flirtations. (Guerrero)- VICTIM OF SPANISH BRUTALITY Summer vacation in Calamba in 1878 he dimly perceived a figure of a man which turned out to be Lieutenant of the Guardia Civil who whipped and brutally shashed the latter (Rizals) back for not 32. saluting or greeting the former (lieutenant). I went to the Captain General (Primo de Rivera) but I could not obtain justice; my wound lasted two (2) weeks.SOME IMPORTANT LITERARY WORKSA La Juventud Filipina an inspiring poem of flawless form wherein Rizal beseeched the Filipino youth to rise from lethargy, to let their genius fly swifter than the wind and descent with art and science to break the chain that have long bound the spirit of the people. Won first prize and Rizal was awarded silver pen-feather-shaped and decorated with a gold ribbon (Zaide). 33. El Consejo de Los Dioses (Council of the Gods) Rizal won first prize and was awarded a gold ring on which was engraved the bust of Cervantes despite objections by the Spaniards. This is the winning allegory of literary master piece based on the Greek classics. (Zaide)Junto al Pasig a zarzuela staged by the Atenean on December 8, 1880, on the occasion of the annual celebration of the feast day of the Immaculate Conception containing subtle attire of Rizals nationalist ideas. (Zaide) 34. A Filipinas A sonnet written by Rizal urging Filipino artists to glorify the Philippines. (Zaide)Al M.R.P. Pablo Ramon Expression of Rizals affection to Fr. Pablo Ramon the Ateneo Rector who had been so kind and helpful to him. (Zaide)Abdel-Azis y Maleoma composed by Rizal in 1879 which was declaim by an Atenean, Manuel Fernandez, on the night of December 8, 1879 in honor of the Ateneos patroness. (Zaide)