DISASTER MANAGEMENT PLAN HAZARD : Probability of occurrence (within a specific period of time in a given area) of a potentially damaging natural

phenomenon. Hazard Types: Natural Technological Human Induced A hazard becomes disaster when it turns into injuries, loss of life and damage to the infrastructures and properties. WHAT IS DISASTER? Disaster means an actual or imminent event, whether natural or otherwise occurring in any part of the State which causes, or threatens to cause all or any of the following: (i) widespread loss or damage to property, both immovable and movable; or (ii) widespread loss of human life or injury or illness to human beings; or (iii) damage of degradation of environment; and any of the effects specified in sub-clauses (i) to (iii) is such as to be beyond the capacity of the affected community to cope up with using its own resources and which disrupts the normal functioning of the community. TYPES OF DISASTERS Natural Earthquake Cyclone Floods Drought

 Man made

Storm Surge Tsunami Volcano Eruptions Landslide

Landslide due to modification of land Other Water and Climate related Disasters Geologically related Disasters Chemical, Industrial and Nuclear Related Disasters Accident related Disasters Biological Disasters

DISASTER MANAGEMENT? Meaning: Disaster management means a continuous and integrated process of planning and implementation of measures with a view to: (i) mitigating or reducing the risk of disasters; (ii) mitigating the severity or consequence of disasters; (iii) capacity - building; (iv) emergency preparedness; (v) assessing the effects of disasters; (vi) providing emergency relief and rescue; and (vii) post-disaster rehabilitation and reconstruction;

Stages of Disaster Management Pre Disaster During Disaster Post Disaster Emergency Management An organized analysis, planning, decision making and assignment of available resources to prevent, prepare for, mitigate, respond to and recover from the effects of all hazards Four Goals of Emergency Management 1. Save Lives 2. Prevent Injuries 3. Protect Property 4. Protect the Environment Some Possible Problems Loss of electricity Loss of potable water Disruption of transportation routes Broken natural gas lines Loss of telephone communication, including cellular service GOVERNMENT RESPONSIBILITY IN EMERGENCY Partnership
Partnership
STATE

LOCAL

FEDERAL

PRIVATE

 Private NGOs. Private institutes, Hospitals, Voluntary organizations etc. Local Government At the local level whether county, city, town or other designation it is the first line of official public responsibility for emergency management activity. Local Communities Best understand potential hazards Evaluate available resources Are the site for emergency events Are responsible for the initial response in a disaster The Disaster Management Act, 2005 Paradigm (Model) Shift A paradigm-shift from the earlier emphasis primarily on response and relief to a regime that focuses upon mitigation, prevention and preparedness to rehabilitation, reconstruction and recovery by providing for: Creation of a Policy, Legal & Institutional framework with effective statutory and financial support. Mainstreaming of multi sectoral DM concerns into the developmental process. A continuous and integrated process of planning, organizing, coordinating & implementing policies and plans with community based participatory, inclusive and sustainable manner.

STATE DISASTER MANAGEMENT PLAN It includes:a. the vulnerability of different parts of the State to different forms of disasters; b. the measures to be adopted for prevention and mitigation of disasters; c. the manner in which the mitigation measures shall be integrated with the development plans and projects; d. the capacity -building and preparedness measures to be taken; e. the roles and responsibilities of each Department of the Government of the State in relation to the measures specified in clauses (b), (c) and (d) above; f. the roles and responsibilities of different Departments of the Government of the State in responding to any threatening disaster situation or disaster; The SDMP shall be reviewed and updated annually. Introduction State Profile - Social, Economic and Demographic. Vision Theme Objectives Vulnerability Assessment and Risk Analysis History of vulnerability. Hazard Risk Assessment and vulnerability mapping. The probable threat and types of man made disasters. The hazard profile of the State together with maps and details of zones. The district hazard profile in the GIS format

 Emerging concerns such as urbanization, climate & environment change and population explosion etc. Past Lessons and experiences. Preventive Measures Man made disasters. Natural Disasters. Early warning and dissemination systems. Prevention and Mitigation Plans; short, medium and long terms with structural and non structural measures required to be taken-up Training needs analysis and development of plan. Mainstreaming DM Concerns into developmental plans/programmes / projects The infrastructure created. Elements of impact assessment, risk reduction and the 'do not harm approach' to be built into developmental plan. Preparedness Measures The resource availability: tools, plants & equipments and the materials available at various levels. The man power: the expertise available. The fields of community based involvement. Training, capacity building and other pro-active measures. Awareness generation Techno-legal regime Medical Preparedness Knowledge Management

 Fail - Safe communication including last mile connectivity. Emergency Telephone Directory upto block level. Response Standard Operating Procedure (SOP). Emergency Operation Centers. Alert Mechanism - Early Warning system. Disaster Risk Reduction Framework, Policy, Act, Road Map for hazard risk management. The yearly schedule for the conduct of mock exercises in different part at specified location. Procedure for the activation of plans - upon occurrence of any disasters. Partnership with other stakeholders Convergence/ coordination with other departments/ organizations. The roles of academic institution and scientific and technical organizations Roles of NGO's (List of NGOs' at state & district level. Name and designation of nodal persons from early warning to recovery. Media Financial Arrangements Arrangements of the funding of the components Prioritizing and Phasing of funds for specific mitigation projects for improving prevention, preparedness and mitigation in requirement of specific disaster at state and district levels.

Role of Disaster Authority Manager Coordinate the planning process Identify and analyze hazards Coordinate all components of the program, including fire and law enforcement services, emergency medical programs, social services, volunteers and other groups involved in emergency activities Role of the Disaster Authority Manager Coordinate resources from all sectors before, during and after a disaster Manage activities relating to prevention, mitigation, preparedness, response and recovery from a disaster Ensure that all stakeholders are aware of potential threats to the community Role of Extension Staff Emergency Operations Mitigation Planning and Projects Awareness Support to local emergency operations plans and functional areas Damage assessment Health and medical Individual and family assistance Damage assessment A system for assessing private and public property damage resulting from emergency or disaster situations Agricultural losses Private farm structures

 Agricultural industry Health and medical take over Support vector and pest control through education and chemical applications Provide assistance for animal health, environmental and medial response and recovery Monitor changes in food supply Individual and family assistance Support for emergency feeding Information dissemination on disaster and emergency agricultural programs Identify rural residents in need of services Disaster planning and projects Provide practical, research-based information and educational programs to address critical issues facing individuals, families, agricultural producers, business operators and communities Disaster planning and projects Provide programming for county citizens in the areas of family financial management, environmental concerns, housing, health and wellness, aging, foods and nutrition, parenting, and human development Disaster Planning and Projects Possible project areas Livestock Water quality Waste management Financial planning Mental health

Awareness Eyes and ears of rural communities Animal- and plant-borne diseases Hoof and Mouth Mad Cow (BSE) West Nile Anthrax

DISASTER MANAGEMENT CYCLE

Response Response includes search, rescue, shelter, medical care, and other efforts to reduce the probability or extent of secondary damage relief means measures taken during or immediately after a declaration of disaster to diminish, or alleviate any suffering, pain, injury or distress or hardship caused on account of the disaster

Recovery Activities : returning all systems, both formal and informal, to normal. Two sub-phases short-term (upto 2 weeks) long-term recovery activities (years) Mitigation Mitigation means measures aimed at reducing the impact or effects of a disaster Mitigation Types: Structural (Disaster resistant construction, etc.) Non structural (Building Code, Town Planning, Capacity Building, Education, Awareness) Risk Risk refers to the expected losses (lives lost, persons injured, damage to property and disruption of economic activity) from a given hazard and is the product of hazard and vulnerability. Risk = f (Disaster X Vulnerability) Elements at risk: Population, Buildings, Lifelines, the Environment, Animals & Birds, Production, Economic Activities Vulnerability Vulnerability is defined as the degree of loss to a given element at risk (or set of elements) resulting from a given hazard at a given severity level and is usually expressed as a percentage loss or as a value between 0 to 1 (DMTP, 1994). Types: Physical Social (Gender, Age) Environmental Economic

Prevention Prevention means measures the object of which is to avoid the occurrence of a Disaster; Preparedness Preparedness means preparing to react promptly to save lives and protect properties. This involves assignment of responsibilities, classification/ cataloguing of resources, training, practice drills and evaluation of experiences. Preparedness Levels State level District level Taluka level Organisation level (both GOs and NGOs) Individual level

Checklist Policy Vulnerability Assessment Planning Training and Education Monitoring and Evaluation Communication Search and Rescue Health and Medical Social Welfare Transport and Lifelines Police and Investigation Alerting Command, Control and Coordination Information Management Resource Management Evacuation Responses and Recovery Operations

BIBLIOGRAPHY
Books:
1. IGNOU; BNS-106. Medical Surgical Nursing (1) ; New Delhi, School of Health Sciences, 2005. P.p:123-142. 2. IGNOU; HS2T-1. Medical Surgical Nursing (4) ; New Delhi, School of Health Sciences, 2001. P.p:49-59. 3. Indian Nursing Councill. Reaching Out: Nursing Care in Emergencies. 1stEd., New Delhi.2007, Pp:1-8. 4. Park K. Park's Text Book of Preventive and Social Medicine.20th Ed., Jabalpur, M/s Banarsidas Bhanot Publishers,2009.Pp:704-707. 5. Stanhope Marcia & Jeanette Lancaster. Foundations of Nursing in the Community. 2nd Ed. St. Louis, Missouri- Mosby Eleevior, 2006, P.p:255-261.

Journals:
1. Halpern. Judith. Stoner., & Mary. Co. Chaffe. Disaster Management and Response. Nursing Clinics of North America. Vol. 40, No. 3, (September 2005), P.p:499-524. 2. Lynette. G. Landry., & Andrew. Stockton. Evaluation of a Collaborative Project in Disaster Preparedness. Nursing Educator. Vol. 33, No. 6, (November/ December 2008), P.p:254-258. 3. Sherrill. L. Leifer., & Laurie. K. Glass. Planning for mass Disaster in the 1950 s. Nursing Research. Vol. 57, No. 4, (July/August 2008), P.p:237-244.

Web Sites:
1. www.disatermgmt,bih.nic.in. 2. www.issues.tigweb.org/disater. 3. www.ndmindia.nic.in.