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Swedish Belf-Taught
CONTAINING
VOCABULARIES ELEMENTARY GRAMMAR IDIOMATIC PHRASES AMD DIALOGUES TRAVEL TALK PHOTOGRAPHY CYCLING FISHING SHOOTING
C.
A.
F.
TH MM
I
EDITED W.
Universitclslekior at the
HARVEY,
M.A.,
OXON
CARL CEDERLOF
PHILADELPHIA
WASHINGTON SQUARE
PREFACE.
TN
*
"
SELF-TAUGHT
has some characteristics in common with its companion volume, *" NORWEGIAN SELF-TAUGHT," as, for instance, the post-position of the article and its coalescence with the noun to denote the definite state, but there is, nevertheless, a wide divergence in rhythm and pronunciation between the two languages.
This little manual is designed to meet the general requirements of Students, Travellers, Tourists with cycle or camera, Sportsmen and others the system of Phonetics followed is that used in the MARLBOBOUGH " SELF-TAUGHT " Series (for complete list see cover), and is so simple that those previously unacquainted
;
the
SWEDISH
its aid,
at
intelligible
Column, is to give in an and easy manner, the pronunciation at a glance of Swedish as it is spoken among the educated classes in Stockholm
idea of the Phonetic, or Third
The
In the carrying ont of this system I am greatly indebted to the assistance of Mr. W. F. Harvey, M.A., for some years Universitetslektor at the Royal University of Lund (Sweden), who is an acknowledged authority on the Scandinavian languages and
literature.
volume
Students who conscientiously learn the contents of this little and for them a concise Elementary Grammar is added will find it an easy guide to a language which will amply repay them for the trouble necessary in mastering it. It will not only introduce them to a literature of much interest but also enable them to understand the aims and aspirations of a kindly, cultured
and hospitable
people.
0. A.
THIMM.
CONTENTS.
M.OB.
5 7 7
VOCABULABIES.
Animals, Vegetables, &c. Animals, Birds, and Fishes Flowers and Fruit
Insects and Reptiles Trees and Vegetables
... ... ...
...
...
...
...
12 15 14 15
34
Colours
33
Cycling
93 95 33
Fishing
Holidays in Sweden
22
21
22
18 17 19 20 26 27
Collective
Mankind, Relations
Body, The Dress ...
Food and Drink Professions and Trades Ships and Shipping Numbers. Cardinal, Ordinal,
Parts of Speech Adverbs, Adjectives,
:
34 to 37
Prepositions
Conjunctions,
and
37 to 49
Verbs
Photography
Shooting
...
73 96
...
80
24 87 28 29
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
Travelling
9 10
11
2073632
CONTENTS.
ELBMENTABY GRAMMAR.
CONVERSATIONS.
Breakfast
Pages 50 to
58.
Pages 59 to 98.
<
Correspondence Cycling
Dinner
Enquiries
Evening
Expressions Anger, Joy, Reproof, Sorrow, Surprise Useful and Idiomatic
65 72 93 67 65 69 64 64 50 95 81 59 to 63 70 99 88 73 87
81
Fishing Health
Idiomatic Phrases In Town Money, Equivalent Values
Order...
Photography
Post-Office
Railway
Shooting
96
74
... ... ...
... ... ... ...
...
Shoemaker Tea
Telegrams
76 78 77 68
87 69
Time
Travelling Arrival
:
Changing Money
Cycling Hotel Notices
Omnibus
Post-Office
85 98 90 86 89 85 87 81 84 87 70
...
Money Tables
*>
,,
99 99
7J
(
Washing
Lists (Gentlemen's)
80
100
SWEDISH SELF-TAUGHT.
The Alphabet with Phonetic Pronunciation.
The Swedish Alphabet has 28
Characters.
x.
-x
letters
Phonetic Pronunciation.
ah
whenHojng
:
)(in jtccented syllables and before short consonants), like ah or a in father, as -fader (fah'der)
;
B
C
b
c
bay. say .
is
as in English. hard, as k before a, o, u or a consonant, but soft, like c, before e, i, y. Now only used in some proper names and foreign words.
day
E
F
ay
final syllables, sometimes following final vowel, as when long, as a in tray, but
:
dropped with a
bittida (bit'tee).
when
is
short as
in
f eff
sell.
In Stockholm
:
it
pronounced a
short i, as de (de) eld (ild). as in English at the beginning of a word, but as v in finals, and medials not followed by a or t, as liaf (hav') hafre (hahv'reh). It is
:
,
lefoa (leh'va.)
:
nay
is
hard, except in the following cases (1) before y, d, e, i, d, when it sounds like y in yellow, as: gynna (yuen'nah) be<jara (beh'yair'ah), gilla (yil'lah), and at the end of certain monosyllabic words, as fair/ (tah'ly), berg (beh'ry). (2) As sh in fish in diligent
is (deeleeshans') energi (enershee'). (3) silent in helgdag (hel'dah), badstuya (bah',
stoo), &c.
H
I
ho
is
either aspirated, as in
English (though
silent, as in hjalpa
somewhat stronger) or
i
fo'ta(lee'tah);
:
when
kittel (chit'tel). short as i in kitten, as yod. .nsy, as: JwZ(yool), but sometimes as sh, as in jasmin (shahs'meen'). ko . . as k, distinctly sounded before consonants and the hard vowels, but in most other cases somewhat like ch as in church, except A-m,
LI
M m
N
el
as in English, but is silent in karl (kahr), varld (vayrd), skall (skah), "shall" (in common speech), also before.;, as ljud (yood).
as in English. as in English, but
it is
em n en
o oo
silent in
jdmnt (jemt),
:
hdmnd (hemd).
. .
has two chief sounds, one like oh, as mor son (sawn). (rnohr), another like aw, as It has the long sound in most monosyllabic words (except in bort, kort, sort, where o is like
:
visor (vee'sor.)
P Q
p
q
r
pay
koo
.
airr
formerly used before v, instead of k, but is now generally replaced by the latter. a faintly trilled r. In South Sweden it becomes a back trill. It is silent in originally
in
common
sooech,
s
t
<'ss
t<iy
words when
:
it is
followed by
U
V
u
v *' wj x ex .
)
somewhat
as in English.
.
as in English,
Y
Z
sayta}t
no corresponding sound in English, but like the Swedish 6 (see under), from which it is distinguished in the phonetic hy use of ue. zirik (sink), but exactly the same as s, as:
A
A
06
as ts, as in Italian, in trapez (trahpehts'). a oh or o has two sounds, one very much like aw in awful, but not quite so open, as g& (gaw), another like o in not, as gait (gott). dar (dair) often as eh, as a ai or ay as in lay, as har (hehr), or as e as: hamta (hem'tah).
:
rv
no corresponding English sound, pronounced like French eu in feu, or German o also like u in the Scotch word gude. It may be pronounced by holding the lips in a circular shape as for whistling, and sounding eu as one sound
;
PRELIMINARY NOTES.
Diphthongs, Accents and Phonetics.
is
pronounced almost
;
in its natural way, but au is very much like on in cloud eu in Europa, for instance, has the sound of ev, and io in tion as shoo, as: konversation (konversah-shoo'n). The
following combinations of consonants are used ch as k. sc konvalescent (konvah-leshenf) (1) almost like sh, as seen (sehn). (2) something like s, as almost as sh, as sj sjdlf (shelv). sk pronounced as in English before hard vowels, but like sh before weak vowels, as skola(shoh 'lab) ,sken (shay n) sch, skj, stj, as sh. och expressed colloquially as o, but read as ok. Att (that) is pronounced aht. Att (to) expressed colloquially as o. The principal accent is denoted by an apostrophe ('), but in the case of a word having two accents, the principal accent is marked by two apostrophes ("), and the secondary by one.
: :
:
may
falls on the first syllable, but it be noticed that the prefixes be and for never receive
the accent.
followed, except where collocontractions are employed, is that of the sixth quial edition of the OrdliKta ofver svemha sprdket, which is authorized by the Swedish Academy. There is a great difference between written and spoken Swedish for instance, in conversation inte (not) invariably takes the place, amongst educated people, of the more literary forms icke and ej, and the third person Singular is always used, even when strict grammar requires the
when
is
Plural number; Example: "They went," de gingo is used writing, but in conversation de gick. As this manual
intended solely for practical purposes, all purely literary forms have been ignored, and the stilted, pedantic, and
The pronunciaantiquated phraseology carefully avoided. tion given is that current amongst the educated classes in Stockholm, but certain peculiarities, known only to the inhabitants of the Capital, have been left unnoticed. There are two articles in Swedish (see page 51), viz. en for Masculine and Feminine, and ett for Neuter. " If either is used for " a or " an," it is placed be/ore the noun if for " the/' it is joined to the last syllable of the
: ;
it,
as
(N.) signifies that the noun is Neuter, and undeclinable, except when ending in -en, or where the e is dropped before taking the Definite article, as ratten, water vattnet, the water vader, weather or, again, as in Urn, lime, when the rddret, the weather
NOTE.
therefore
final
consonant
is
doubled,
i.e.,
VOCABULARIES.
1.
its
Elements.
51.)
10
2.
(Land
och Vatten.
English.
11
3.
Mineralier och
Me taller.)
12
i.
Animals,
(
Birds,
and
Fishes.
)
English.
18
English.
14
English.
j
English.
16
English.
17
7.
(Mannitkokroppen).
English.
18
English.
19
9.
English.
Dress.
80-81.
Klddning.
See Pages
Swedish.
Pronunciation.
20
10.
English.
English.
English.
23
English.
24
English.
25
English.
26
27
English.
28
29
English.
80
English.
31
English.
82
English
33
English.
84
English.
85
Swedish.
Pronnnciation.
86
23.
English.
Ordinal Numbers.
fOrdningstal.)
The
1st
87
English
88
English.
English.
40
Enplish.
41
English.
42
Eugliih.
43
English.
44
English.
45
27.
English.
English.
47
English.
|
Swedish.
48
English.
50
ELEMENTARY GRAMMAR.
The Noun. (Substantival.) 1. the classifica Swedish Nouvs are divided into five declensions, in their Plural endings. tion being formed on their differences
FIRST DECLENSION. Without Definite
Sing. Norn, flicka,
PI. definite,-orna.) (Plural ending,-or; With Definite Article. the girl, flickan, girl, of the girl. of girl, flitkans, flickorna, the girls, girls, of girls. flickornas, of the girls.
Article.
Gen. Gen.
All
'ear)
fiickas,
fiickors,
Nouns ending
fall
in a, except the Neuter hjarta (heart) and bra under this declension, as well as the following: vag
With Definite
dalen, dalens, dalarna, dalarnas,
Nom.
Gen.
dal,
dais,
Plur.
Nom.
Gen.
dalar, dalars,
Note afton (evening), djafvul (devil), morgon (morning), sommar (summer) contract in the Plural into aftnar, djafllar, somrar; and dotter (daughter), moder (mother) form in their Plurals
dottrar,
modrar.
;
(Plural ending, -er (r) PI. Definite, -erna.) With Definite Article. Witliout Definite Article. the picture, bilden, picture, Sing. Nom. bild, of the picture, of picture, Gen. bilds, bildens, the pictures, Plur. Nom. bilder, bilderna, pictures, of pictures. Gen. bilders, bildemas, of the pictures. son Note. Some have vowel changes in the Plural, as natter ; (son), Plur. soner fot (foot), Plur. fatter ; natt (night), Plur. n8t (nut), Plur. natter. There are several foreign words which The final i follow this declension, especially those in -eri [N.B. IB accented] as :tryckeri-et (the printing office), Plur. tryckerier.
: ; ,
THIRD DECLENSION.
FOURTH DECLENSION.
Sing.
(Plural ending, -n
PL
the kingdom, riket, kingdom, of the kingdom, rikets, kingdom, Plur. Nom. riken, the kingdoms, rikena, kingdoms, Gen. rikens, of kingdoms, of the kingdoms. rikenas, There is a small class of Neuters in a, which inflect thus oga (eye), tigas, ogon, ogons, without Definite Article; ogat, ogats,
rike,
Nom.
With Definite
Definite,-na.) Article.
Gen.
rikes,
of
51
FIFTH DECLENSION.
Sing.
,,
Nom. namn,
Gen.
namns,
Plur.
,,
Nom. namn,
Gen.
namns,
unchanged Pl. definite,-n.) With Definite Article. the name, name, namnct, of name, namnets, of the name, names, namnen, the names, of names. namnens, of the names.
(Plural
;
before proper names, thus: /cty'sor (emperor), Nom. .instead of kejsare. resande (travelling). Certain Participial Nouns in -ande, as vin (wine) has also vincr (different Neuters have two plurals, as sorts of wine), saltcr (different kinds of salt). Common Nouns with vowel changes are declined thus gds gdsen, gdsens, (goose), gds, ga'ss, gass, without Definite Article So also mus (mouse) and lus (louse); gassen, gasscns, with Definite. But smiirgas (sandwich) forms its plural regularly plur. moss, loss.
:
:
Note. The Definite Plural of lakan (sheet) is lakuna, also lakanen; and fiskare (fisherman) is fiskarena though also, espeto distinguish it from fiskarna cially in conversation, fiskarna (the fishes). Nouns in -erare, as: officerare (officer) generally discard the are in the singular, and those in-are drop the e when used
(smorgdsar).
GENDER.
Swedish has three genders, hut practically the learner has only to concern himself with the Neuter, treating the Masculine and Feminine (except in the personal pronouns) as one.
2.
The
Articles.
:
(Artiklarne.)
The Definite and Indefinite. The Articles, viz. Indefinite is en in the Masculine and Feminine, and ett in the en hast, a horse ett bard, a table. The Definite is Neuter, as either substantival or adjectival. The Substantival Definite Article a peculiarity to all the Scandinavian is suffixed to the Noun
There are two
:
English learner. As the following table of suffixes show, this Article is only the Indefinite Article, assimilated with the word itself, and subjected to certain phonetic laws.
Nom.
Gen.
Sing,
,,
Mas.
Nom.
Gen.
Plur.
,,
ets (ts).
& Fern. Neuter. en. na, ne,* a, nas, nes,* as, ens.
The Adjectival Definite Article is den for the Masculine and Feminine and det for the Neuter Singular, dc being common to all
senders in the Plural.
live
Pronoun,
i.e.,
that.
Examples:
De
stora husen,
*
The good woman. The big house. The good women. The big houses.
Onlj Ui literature.
52
Noun always takes its It is necessary to bear in mind that the Definite suffix with the adjectival Article. Abstract Nouns and Nouns as :langtan (longing, or ending in -an take no suffixed Article;
the longing), biirjan (beginning, or the beginning).
3.
The Adjective.
(Adjektivet.)
ADJECTIVES have no cases, their only inflection being Gender, Number, Declension (strong or weak forms), and Comparison. If an Adjective is used as a Substantive, it takes the s of the Genitive; det godas beloning (the recompense of the good). thus
:
DECLENSION OP ADJECTIVES.
(a)
Strong.
I
MM. 4
Neuter
Pern. Sing,
ung
plur
Mas., Fern.,
& Neuter
Sing.
&
Plur.
unga.
Adjectives ending in -a generally reject the inflectional vowel. Those in er, al, en drop their vowel when the inflectional one is
(old),
t produces various modifications : Final long vowels are shortened; as: fri (free),
ny
(new),
bid (blue)
(2)
become fritt,
nytt, bldtt.
Preceding long vowels are shortened: het (hot), Neut. liett; vdt (wet), Neut. vdtt; glad (merry), Neut. gladt; vid (wide), Neut. vidt; rod (red), Neut. rodt; but vard (worth) preserves its long vowel in vardt.
Polysyllables in -en drop their n before the Neuter t; as: trogen (faithful), troget; so also the Possessives min (mine), mitt, &c.
(little) is
(3)
Liten
declined thus
(a)
Strong.
liten)
litet \
,,, Plur
'
sm&
'
&
Plur.
lilla.
De
[har] rast
>
Sattg (deceased)
undeclinable, as
Min
salig far,
My
deceased father.
is
mute.
53
COMPARISON OP ADJECTIVES.
(a)re
and
(a)st:
Some
Lang,
star,
long;
big;
Itingre, storre,
langst
storst
ung,
young;
(Plur. of liten) little
, ;
smd
yngre, smarre.
yngst smdrst.
Some
word
good;
;
battre,
yammal, old
mdngen,
aldre,
bast aldst
little;
mindre,
;
minst
fiesta.
its
.
many
is
flere,
The Comparative
THE NUMERALS.
As the numerals will be found, together with their pronunciation, on pages 34-36, it is unnecessary to repeat them here. Bdda and begge, which signify " both," are undeclinable except
as Substantives,
when they
take the
s of
the Genitive.
4.
The
1st Person.
3rd Person.
Fern.
;
Neater.
i ,
Nom.
hon, she honom, him ; henne, her dig, thee, de (of all genders) ni, you, Oblique oss, us, eder,cr,yon, dem (of all genders). Reflexive, sig (of all genders).
du, thou,
han, he
Note. In polite society it is usual to address persons by their titles or professions, and where there is no convenient title, by their names, with lierr (M.T.), fru (Mrs.), or froken (Miss) prethus fixed, or even with herrn, frun* froken in the thfrd person Vill professor X. ? (Will Professor X. ?) or professorn (the professor) alone. Foreigners, however, may use the direct form ni (you). Duis only used between relatives, and friends who have drunk the pledge of brotherhood called in Swedish bror or du-skal. When several persons are addressed, herrskapet (the company) is used, or, when no ladies are present, lierrarna (gentlemen), as :
; :
Vill
*Only servants address Herrn or Frun, other people add the name, aa
J-'ru
X.
M
POSSESSIVE PBONOTJNS.
(a)
For
the Singular
Mas.
1st
&
Fern.
Neuter.
mitt,
ditt,
(
Person Sing,
mm,
din,
sin,
mine,
thine,
\
mina
dina
sina
2nd
3rd
sitt,
,
Mas.
Fern.
hans
hennes\
dess
'
his>
hers
its,
theirs
I
, aess,
Common
(b)
dess.
For
tJie
Pluralvdrt,
erl (edert)
,
vdra
era(edra) deras
sina.
2nd
3rd
deras,
sitt,
Note The strictly reflexive use of sin and si(j, is exactly as in Some Swedish speakers are inaccurate in Latin suus and se. distinguishing between sin and hans (Latin, suus, ejtis).
Egen [Neut.
eget,
Hans
eget hus,
as:
DEMONSTRATIVE PRONOUNS.
In the spoken language denne (this) is used, this and that being expressed by den (det) heir (here) and den (del) dar (there), and de heir for the Plural respectively den har boken, this book den dar boken, that book. These Adverbs are employed with other Demonstratives, such as sddan (such) as
: ; ; :
NEVER
Ldt
oss
nu
slippa fiera
sddana
dar dumheter,
declined thus
ia
Sing. Mas. & Fern, denna (denne), Neuter, detta dennas (dennes), Genitive, deltas Plur. Mas., Fern., & Neuter, dessa (desse)
,,
Genitive,
dessas (desses).
INTERROGATIVE PRONOUNS. Hvem, who Neut. hvad. The Genitive of hvem is hvcms. Hvilkcn, which Neut. hvilket Plur. hvilka. This is also a
; ;
Relative.
?
it
Hurudant ar
to-day
?
vcidrct i
Hvad
dag
is
What
/8r en
often used
instead of Jiurudan-t.
RELATIVE PRONOUNS.
Relatives are not, much used in speech. They are hvilken, Genitive hvilkens, or iu'ars, and sow ao indeclinable Noun.
55
INDEFINITE PRONOUNS.
Plur. mdnga. Ndgan (Nout. ndgot), some, any; Plur. ndgra. Ingen (Neut. intet), none; Plur. inga. S&dan (Neut. sddant), such; Plur. sddana. Sjdlf (Neut. sjdlft), self; Plur. sjalfva is added to a noun in han sjalf, he strong, and prefixed in the weak form himself; sjalfva kungen, even the king; i sjalfva verket, actually. Hvar (Neut. hvart), each, has no Plural. Hvarandra, one another, each other.
;
:
Annan (Neut. annat), other; Plur. Mdngen (Neut. mdnget), many (a)
andra.
The
Enda,
hvar, hvarje,
single,
samme-a,
omse,
same,
various.
each,
There are
many
ones together, hvarendas (every single one). So also hvarannan; annat (every other [day]); Genitive hvarannans.
:
other Pronouns formed by running two simpla as hvarenda Neut. hvartenda Genitive
; ,
Neut. hvart-
5.
The Verb.
(Verbet.)
verbal inflections are Tense, Mood, Voice, and Noun-forms which latter are either substantival or adjectival. In the written The language they also distinguish Number and Person are Indicative, Imperative and Subjunctive. The Subjunctive is nearly extinct in the spoken language. The VOICES are Active, Passive, and Middle, as in Greek. The two last are identical in are the Infinitive; form. The substantival the adjectival being the Present Participle Active and the Past ParThe third Noun-form the Supine, is a special form ticiple Passive.
The
MOODS
NOUN-FORMS
Neuter of the Past Participle, only used in combination with the Auxiliary hafva (have) in an active sense. In ett fdngadt lejon (a captured lion) it is a Participle in han har fdngat ett lejon In the strong Verbs, how(he has caught a lion) it is a Supine. ever, there is gripet (grasped), Neuter Participle, as distinct from the Supine gripit. There are four conjugations three are weak and one strong. The Supines of the former have their Supines in -at in the First, -t in the Second, and -tt in the Third Conjugation, whereas the Supine of the Fourth, or strong, ends in it,
of the
; ;
FIRST CONJUGATION.
Att Kalla. to
Active.
call.
Indicative Present.
Jag kallar,
du
kallar,
han
kallar,
56
Indicative Present.
Pas eive.
Jag kallas,
am
du
kallas, kallas,
thou he
we are called
vou *
are called,
han
is called,
de kallas,
Active.
Jag kallade,
I called, or
calling,
we were
I
calling.
du
kallade,
thou wast
ni kallade
de kallade,
*Ikalladen\
were ca ni ng
han
kallade,
he was calling,
Indicative Imperfect.
Passive.
Jag kallades,
was
du
kallades,
thou wast
called, called,
called,
vi kallades,
we were
)
called,
han
kallades,
he was
I
J
\
were called
Subjunctive Present.
Active (obsolete).
\
jag
may
call,
call,
vi
du \md
han)
kalla thou
mayest
I
de
Y
'
ma
we may
kalla
call,
you may
they
call,
he
may call,
may call.
Jag
kallas
may
be called,
called,
han)
Kalla,
he
may
be called,
de
they)
let
us
call,
call (ye).
Kallas,
Passive.
kalloms,
kallens,
let
us be called, be ye called.
Infinitive Perfect.
(att) Jia(fva) kallat.
(att)
Active, Passive,
(att)
ha(fva) kallats.
Infinitive Future.
Active,
(att)
skola kalla.
Active.
Passive,
(att)
skola kallas.
to have,
The Compound Tenses are formed by means of the Verb and the Auxiliaries skola and ma.
Obsolete.
57
the Imperfect
I burn,
jag brcinde
formed by adding de or te to the stem jag brdnner, jag koper, I buy, jag kdpte, I bought.
;
The
THE FOURTH
The following paradigm
language
:-
of
the spoken
Past
Supine
68
6.
The Adverbs.
(Adverben.)
:
a as Many Adverbs are formed from Adjectives by suffixing /; Adverbs by Adjectives in lig can become klok (sensible), klokt. adding an en; thus :lycklig (lucky), lyckhgt, lyckhgen. Superlative. Positive. Comparative. bast battre bra (val), good
fort, fast
fortare
fortast
framre
flrr
hellre
framst
forst
Iwlst
varre
langre
varst
langst
The Prepositions. (Prepositionerne.) 7. The Prepositions are exceedingly numerous and difficult, especially
in their compounds, through their peculiar specialization of various abstract relations, which in most languages are expressed by a single preposition. A few examples will make this clear: }ion var anka efter hos en (after) en prast, (she was a clergyman's widow) egenskaperna prins, the qualities of a prince [hos having the strict sense of the French c)iez, at the house of] invdnarna i (in) staden, the inhabitant of a town) armen pa (on) rocken (the sleeve of the coat). det sker honom Prepositions sometimes follow the noun as sins emellan (among themselves). furutan, (it is done without him) In the following expressions may be traced survivals of case-endings common in the older language till bords, at table till salu, for sale till lianda, at hand i somras, last summer i tiostas, last autumn. The principle Prepositions in common use are a/, of, by;
;
;
efter,
for,
according
of;
(ibland),
till,
mot (einot), against, about, towards for, to, after genom (igenom), through, by; i, in; in i, into; bland among, sometimes; rued, with; om, about; pd, on;
; ;
to
vid, at
; under, under, during utom, without, besides. (For List of Prepositions, see pages 45-49).
;
8.
The Conjunctions.
:
The
och,
;
hvarken nor eller, neither or antingen eller, either men, but; dock, however; oaktadt (in conversation fas tan), notconversation /or), for, because; nar, when; withstanding; ty (in enu'dan, since i fall, in case om, if; ehuru (in conversation/asto'n), although. (For List of Conjunctions, see pages 45-49).
;
; ;
9.
The
alas
I;
Interjections.
tyvarr
fie
!
(Interjektionerne.)
I
Ack! Oh!
fOr
alas
tusan\
the
;
deuce!;
t
adjo, farewell
fy
English,
60
English.
61
English.
62
English.
Swedish.
63
English.
64
English.
65
English.
66
English.
67
Dinner.
English.
(Middagm.)
10 & 11.
See Vocabularies
English.
G9
English.
70
English.
71
English.
Swedish.
Show me
Turn Keep
the
Second turning to
the right
Take the
first
to
In what
9
street is
Is this the
9
way
to
know any-
He
I
is
a friend of
mine
Can you
to his Is
direct
me
at
home ?
?
Good morning
am
very well
72
English.
78
Photography.
English.
Fotograferlng.)
74
English.
|
Swedish.
75
English.
76
English.
English.
78
The Laundress.
English.
(Tvaturskan.)
English.
80
FOE LADIES.
English.
CFor daaur.)
81
Health.
English.
Htilsan.
82
English.
English.
84
Steamboat.
English.
(Angbdt.)
85
English.
English.
87
English.
88
English.
89
Notices.
English.
Tillkannagifvanden.j
90
Cycling Vocabulary.
English.
(Cykeltemer.)
91
English.
English.
98
Cycling Phrases.
English.
(Cykel
Swedish.
English.
Fishing.
English.
Att fiska.)
English.
97
English.
98
English.
99
MONEY.
SWEDISH.
(Mynt.)
100
Mdl
och Vild.)
The
Sweden
for
most
MEASURES OF LENGTH.
1 1 1 1
(Lttngdmdtt.)
= 2.5399 Centimeter foot = 30 Centimeter = 91 Centimeter yard frlng. (220 yds.) = 201 Meter 1 mile (1760 yds.) = 1 Kilometer 610 Meter 6 miles = 8 Kilometer.
inch
English.
Swedish.
1
Swedish.
0.394 inches Centimeter 1 foot 30 Centimeter 3 ft. 8 in. 1.093 yds. 1 Meter
= =
English.
Kilometer 5 Kilometer
1 1
Hektometer
39.37
in.
ft.
WEIGHTS.
English.
Swedish.
= 28 Gram = 227 Gram 1 (16 ozs.) = 453 Gram = 12.690 Kilogrm. 1 qr. (28 = 50.750 Kilogr. 1 cwt. (112 1 ton (20 owt.) = 1015 Kilogr.
ounce 8 ounces
1
Ib.
English.
Ibs.)
Ibs.)
1 Kilo* (1000 Gr.) 2.2046 Ibs. 5 Kilogram 11 Ibs. 1000 Kilo.= 19 cwt. 2qrs. 231bs.
LIQUIDS,
English.
&.G.
(Mdtt
ft)r
vdta varor.)
English.
1 pint
= 0.57 Liter 1 quart (2 pts.) = 1.14 Liter 1 gallon (4 qts.) = 4.5434 Liter 1 peck (2 gals.) = 9 Liter I bushel (8 gals.) = 36 Liter.
*(.),
Swedish.
Swedish.
1 Liter
;
= 1.76 pints 0.220 gals. 5 Liter = 1 gallon 1 pint 50 Liter = 11 gallons 100 Liter = 22 gallons 2|
;
busheli.
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\vith'