Fire Defense Procedures (High to Medium High Rise Buildings, Fire 1,2,3)

Ki Kiakyushu City Fire Department Assistant Fire Sergeant Sakemi Daisaku

 Fire Spreading Route

High to Medium High Rise Building Fires

Measures Against Spreading Fire Fighting Procedures Attacking Procedures Ladder Truck Operations

Fire Spreading Route

Fire Spreading Route 1

Spandrel

The hot air that rises along the spandrel breaks the window glass of the upper story and enters the room.

Fire Spreading Route 2

Balcony

Fire break-out story

Acrylic blinder

The fire spreads toward the upper stories one after another via the acrylic plate installed in the balcony.

Fire Spreading Route 3

Plywood Floor plate

Exterior wall

Floor slab (Hebel board) Floor joist

Channel steel H steel

Concrete

The fire sometimes spreads through the gap between the Hebel board and H steel.

Fire Spreading Route 4

Shutter

Showcase

Small door

The fire spreads if the fire shutter installed in the fireretarding section is not closed completely because of the showcase (obstacle).

Measures against Spreading

Vertical hollow section
(prevention of vertical spread) A fire spreads in the direction of the arrow.

Escalator section
(When a fire breaks out in a certain section, the corresponding shutters are closed.)

When a fire breaks out in a fire-resistant building, it spreads quickly and vertically through the vertical hollow section. Accordingly, preventing it requires closing the fireproof shutters of the section in question as soon as

Measures against Spreading

Fire-retarding section of the stairs The fireproof door prevents a fire from spreading.

To prevent hot air in the burning room from entering the vertical hollow section of the elevator, specific fireprevention equipment is installed at the door to the elevator hall.

Measures against Spreading

Super high-rise building: Areal section (prevention of horizontal spread) Evacuation stairs Toilet

Office room

Elevator hall

Office room

Office room

Pieces of glass

Fire-Fighting Procedures
Upper story: Cautionary nozzles are posted in case of spreading. (No water spray unless necessary) An evacuation guide is given.

Burning story

Attack from the balcony with the ladder truck

Lower story: A waterproof sheet is used to avoid water losses, because water sprayed in the burning story penetrates the floor and drops down to the lower story with time.

Fire-Fighting Procedures (Blind Spot of Spray)

A water spray from the ground is not effective, because water does not reach some places (blind spots) due to obstacles, including the balcony.

Fire-Fighting Procedures

High pressure
Neutral zone

Low pressure

When spraying water on the ladder, the firefighter shall take care that his head is not above the neutral zone, otherwise he may be exposed to dense smoke and hot air.

Attacking Procedures

Fire in a high-rise building (fire-resistant one)

Attacking Procedures (Triple Ladder)

Tie here with a short rope.

Latch

Latch Tie the lanyard to this point. Hold the base.

Lanyard

Check the ladder for stability, hold the base securely, and start climbing up (the ladder angle is 75 degrees). Tie the top of the ladder to a handrail to increase stability.

Attacking Procedures (Use of Geographical Features)

Triple Ladder

Triple Ladder Pile (piloti)

Use the piloti of the building. Use geographical features, including the retaining wall.

Ladder Truck Position

Attacking Procedures (Ladder Truck)

* This setup is unstable, because the trucks ladder may shake or the hooked ladders base may move. Therefore, take great care of safety control; for example, tie the ladder with a rope.

Single (hooked) ladder

Basket

[Adding a ladder] If the basket of the ladder truck does not reach the burning story, hang the hooked ladder prepared in the vehicle on the balcony.

Ladder Truck Operation Procedures

Fire

Ladder setup method I for simultaneous rescue from multiple stories

Ladder Truck Operation Procedures

Ladder setup method II for simultaneous rescue from multiple stories

Ladder Truck Operation Procedures

Ladder setup changing method

Ladder Truck Operation Procedures

Mounted ladder bridging method

Ladder Truck Operation Procedures

To the lower story

7th floor

6th floor

Upper and lower stories attacking method for rescue with hooked ladder

Ladder Truck Operation Procedures

7th floor

6th floor

Fire

Ladder truck and slow lift method for saving many survivors