CENTRE DE LA RECHERCHE SCIENTIFIQUE DU KURDISTAN Dr Ali KILIC Paris 29 09 2012

Kurdish PEN and PEN International Meeting

in Gyeongju, Korea, 9th 15th September 2012 K. And UNESCO
Introduction The importance of the basic political right to the freedom of expression cannot be under estimated. The freedom to impart information and ideas for any media regardless of frontiers (Article 19 of The Universal Declaration of Human Rights, 1948) is essential to people being able to live without fear of corruption spreading through their governing bodies. British thinker John Stuart Mill, The God Father of Liberty, believed that the freedom of expression was one of the foremost securities that we the people had to guard against tyrannical governments. Any nation that wants to live without tyranny and corruption must strive toward attaining for themselves the basic right to freedom of expression and achieve a free press. It is only with this basic right in place, the right to say and print want one wishes about its governing body, that the people can curtail the powers of its government to act in ways that are contrary to their well being. In brief, it is through a free press that people can hope to attain an honest government. The freedom of expression is a framework right. This means that it contains within it several other rights, e.g. the freedom of information, the freedom of the press, the freedom of the media in general. The main elements of the freedom of expression: Freedom to hold opinions without interference (freedom of opinion) Freedom to seek, receive and impart information and ideas (freedom of speech and information) be it orally, in writing, in print, in the form of art, Through the media (freedom of the media) Regardless of frontiers (freedom of international communication). (As detailed by Art. 19 of The Universal Declaration of Human Rights) The right to the freedom of expression is based on the more fundamental, absolute, civil right to the freedom of opinion. The freedom of opinion is a universal right and should have no limits whatsoever. It is necessary to the well being of each individual human, for it is part of that which makes up the natural security that everybody ought to be entitled to (although sadly are often denied). This is because being free to have and express our own opinions, whatever they may be, is part of our right to be free from living in fear.
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He believed strongly in freedom of expression. Voltaire and others, including Kant, started the Enlightenment movement against the irrationality, superstition, intolerance, cruelty and tyranny of the Christian clergy. He advocated rationality as a means to establish an authoritative system of ethics, aesthetics and knowledge. I may disapprove of what you say but I will fight to death for your right to say it Voltaire was a significant contributor to the Enlightenment movement that was a precursor to the French and American Revolutions, that also lead to the rise of capitalism and the birth of socialism. Eventually it would lead to the separation of Church and state, and the emergence of modern secularism and democracy in the Western world. Voltaires philosophy on mans right to freedom of expression was enshrined in the French Constitution after his death. The right of freedom of expression emerged out of struggle against religious sensitivity, intolerance and tyranny of a religion of the Medieval Europe. Like Locke before him, Voltaire's was also exiled. He went to England where he was greatly influenced by Britain's constitutional monarchy, as well as the country's support of the freedoms of speech and religion. After three years in exile, Voltaire returned to France and published a collection of essays developing his views on British attitudes towards government, literature and religion in letter form. The Lettres philosophiques sur les Anglais (Philosophical letters on the English) regarded the British constitutional monarchy as more developed and more respectful of human rights, including religious tolerance, than the French. These letters caused more problems for him and he was exiled once again.
Moral philosophy is standardly divided into metaethics and normative ethics. Normative ethics concerns itself with the substantive ethical questions we all face, such as "What has value?" and "What are our moral obligations?" Metaethics, on the other hand, asks philosophical questions about ethics, rather than ethical questions per se. "What is value?" rather than "What has value?" And "What can make it the case that we ought to do something?" rather than "What ought we to do?" I use the term 'philosophical ethics' to refer to the project of integrating metaethics and normative ethics in a systematic way, trying to gain insight into what is valuable and obligatory (normatively) by understanding what value and obligation are (metaethically). As I read them, the great systematic ethical philosophies, such as those of Aristotle, Kant, and Mill, can all be read as examples of philosophical ethics.
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For Kant Ancient Greek philosophy was divided into three sciences: physics, ethics, and logic. This division is perfectly suitable to the nature of the thing; and the only improvement that can be made in it is to add the principle on which it is based, so that we may both satisfy ourselves of its completeness, and also be able to determine correctly the necessary subdivisions. All rational knowledge is either material or formal: the former considers some object, the latter is concerned only with the form of the understanding and of the reason itself, and with the universal laws of thought in general without distinction of its objects.Formal philosophy is called logic. Material philosophy, however, has to do with determinate objects and the laws to which they are subject, is again twofold; for these laws are either laws of nature or of freedom. The science of the former is physics, that of the latter, ethics; they are also called natural philosophy and moral philosophy respectively. Logic cannot have any empirical part; that is, a part in which the universal and necessary laws of thought should rest on grounds taken from experience; otherwise it would not be logic, i.e., a canon for the understanding or the reason, valid for all thought, and capable of demonstration. Natural and moral philosophy, on the contrary, can each have their empirical part, since the former has to determine the laws of nature as an object of experience; the latter the laws of the human will, so far as it is affected by nature: the former, however, being laws according to which everything does happen; the latter, laws according to which everything ought to happen. Ethics, however, must also consider the conditions under which what ought to happen frequently does not. We may call all philosophy empirical, so far as it is based on grounds of experience: on the other band, that which delivers its doctrines from a priori principles alone we may call pure philosophy. When the latter is merely formal it is logic; if it is restricted to definite objects of the understanding it is metaphysic. In this way there arises the idea of a twofold metaphysic- a metaphysic of nature and a metaphysic of morals. Physics will thus have an empirical and also a rational part. It is the same with Ethics; but here the empirical part might have the special name of practical anthropology, the name morality being appropriated to the rational part.1 Kant Think and says, "we could not prove freedom to be something actual in ourselves and in human nature. We saw merely that we must presuppose it if we want to think of a being as rational." Kant also thinks that there is "a sort of circle" in our thinking about the relationship between freedom and morality:" we
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FUNDAMENTAL PRINCIPLES OF THE METAPHYSIC OF MORALS, Preface

assume that we are free so that we may think of ourselves as subject to moral laws," and we "think of ourselves as subject to moral laws because we have attributed to ourselves freedom of the will." He then ends with, "Freedom is, therefore, only an idea of reason whose objective reality is in itself questionable." Kant believes that our motives are controlled by reason, and he proves this as he writes, "There is no possibility of thinking of anything at all in the world, or even out of it, which can be regarded as good without qualification, except a good will." Kant admits that doubt can always be raised as to the possibility of our ever acting from a disinterested sense of duty, that "there have always been philosophers who have absolutely denied the reality of this disposition in human actions and have ascribed everything to a more or less refined self-love." Kant is poking fun at the egoists as he says this but he acknowledges, "We like to flatter ourselves with the false claim to a more noble motive; but in fact we can never, even by the strictest examination, completely plumb the depths of the secret incentives of our actions." Kant proves the egoists wrong in their thinking that they control their actions and that "even if there never have been actions springing from such pure sources, the question at issue here is not whether this or that has happened but that reason of itself and independently of all experience commands what ought to happen. Consequently, reason unrelentingly commands actions of which the world has perhaps hitherto never provided an example and whose feasibility might well be doubted by one who bases everything upon experience." The word ethics is derived from the Greek word ethos, which means the guiding spirit or traditions that govern a culture. Professional codes of ethics usually set a leadership tone for a profession. Ethics should provide the journalists certain basic principles or standards by which they can judge actions to be right or wrong, good or bad, responsible or irresponsible. In this sense we can ask our questions What is INTERNATIONAL PEN what are the principles of its charter? Is there objectivity of his actions? International Pen t he respects the principles of philosophical ethics? How can we determine its role between imperialist and fascist regimes and their attitudes vis a vis countries like Vietnam North Korea Cuba? Is information about these countries manupulees by the CIA or other secret services? In the case of Viet Nam Cuba, North Korea, what the role played by Loretta Sanchez about transmiissions fauses of information to serve the interests of the U.S. imperialism? What is the position of senators or senators Americans face mass arrests of Kurds and Kurdistan bombing? What role play in the Kurdish Pen International PEN Congress?

PEN International
PEN World is a space for PEN members around the world to share news, activities, ideas and creative work. As a global community of writers, connecting members in different Centres and showcasing the inspirational work that they are doing everyday is a key part of PEN Internationals role. In the next few months we will be growing PEN World with interviews, photographs, reviews and more . PEN International brings together writers, journalists, poets all those using the written word to promote ideas in the common belief that it is through this sharing that bridges of understanding can be built between peoples. These bridges cross political, geographical, ethnic, cultural, religious and other divides. It is for this reason that the protection of the right to freedom of expression the freedom to express ideas without fear of attack, arrest or other persecution has been at the heart of International PENs work since it was formed in 1921. PENs work and advocacy was fully developed by the time the Universal Declaration on Human Rights was declared and adopted by the United Nations in 1948. It has been argued that PEN helped to define the concept of freedom of expression that is now enshrined under Article 19 of the Declaration, a right that is as important today as it was when it was defined in the aftermath of World War Two. Everyone has the right to freedom of opinion and expression; this right includes freedom to hold opinions without interference and to seek, receive, and impart information and ideas through any media and regardless of frontiers.

the principle of unhampered transmission of thought

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Literature knows no frontiers and must remain common currency among people in spite of political or international upheavals. 2. In all circumstances, and particularly in time of war, works of art, the patrimony of humanity at large, should be left untouched by national or political passion. 3. Members of PEN should at all times use what influence they have in favour of good understanding and mutual respect between nations; they pledge themselves to do their utmost to dispel race, class and national hatreds, and to champion the ideal of one humanity living in peace in one world. 4. PEN stands for the principle of unhampered transmission of thought within each nation and between all nations, and members pledge themselves to oppose any form of suppression of freedom of expression in the country and community
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to which they belong, as well as throughout the world wherever this is possible. PEN declares for a free press and opposes arbitrary censorship in time of peace. It believes that the necessary advance of the world towards a more highly organised political and economic order renders a free criticism of governments, administrations and institutions imperative. And since freedom implies voluntary restraint, members pledge themselves to oppose such evils of a free press as mendacious publication, deliberate falsehood and distortion of facts for political and personal ends. Where did our Charter come from? The Charter of PEN International has guided, unified and inspired its members for over 60 years. Its principles were implicit at the organisations founding in 1921. However, like the Universal Declaration of Human Rights, the PEN Charter was forged amidst the harsh realities of World War Two. It was approved at the 1948 PEN Congress in Copenhagen. Galsworthys inspiration PENs first president, the British novelist and playwright John Galsworthy, wrote the first three articles of the Charter after the 1926 Congress in Berlin Tensions had arisen then among the assembled writers, and debate had flared over the political versus non-political nature of PEN. Back in London, Galsworthy installed himself in the drawing room of PENs founder, Catharine Amy Dawson Scott, to work on a formal statement to serve as a touchstone of PEN action. Galsworthys resolution passed easily at the 1927 Congress in Brussels, and these articles remain part of the PEN Charter. The onset of war PEN was tested by the rise of Nazism in Germany, especially at the 1933 Congress in Dubrovnik. A few months earlier, in bonfires across Germany, the Nazi Party had burned many thousands of books it deemed impure that is, inconsistent with, or hostile to its ideology. At the Dubrovnik Congress, led by PENs president H. G. Wells, the Assembly of Delegates reaffirmed the Galsworthy resolution as a response to these events. The following day, the German delegation attempted to prevent Ernst Toller, an exiled Jewish-German playwright, from speaking. While some members supported this effort, an overwhelming majority rejected the German position and reaffirmed the principles on which they had just voted. The German delegation walked out of the Congress and, essentially, out of PEN, until after World War Two. At the first Congress after the war, in Stockholm in 1946, American PEN backed by KURDISH PEN presented two resolutions. One urged PEN members to champion the ideals of one humanity living at peace in one world; the other addressed the issue of censorship. Debate on the wording and scope of the resolution continued AT THE Congress , but eventually delegates came to
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an agreement. The resolution became the foundation of the fourth article of the PEN Charter.

Developed in Girona (May 2011) by the PEN International

PEN International brings together the writers of the world. Developed in Girona (May 2011) by the PEN International Translation and Linguistic Rights Committee, ratified by the PEN International Assembly of Delegates at the 77th Congress (September 2011), this Manifesto declares PEN Internationals ten central and guiding principles on linguistic rights. 1. Linguistic diversity is a world heritage that must be valued and protected. 2. Respect for all languages and cultures is fundamental to the process of constructing and maintaining dialogue and peace in the world. 3. All individuals learn to speak in the heart of a community that gives them life, language, culture and identity. 4. Different languages and different ways of speaking are not only means of communication; they are also the milieu in which humans grow and cultures are built. 5. Every linguistic community has the right for its language to be used as an official language in its territory. 6. School instruction must contribute to the prestige of the language spoken by the linguistic community of the territory. 7. It is desirable for citizens to have a general knowledge of various languages, because it favours empathy and intellectual openness, and contributes to a deeper knowledge of ones own tongue. 8. The translation of texts, especially the great works of various cultures, represents a very important element in the necessary process of greater understanding and respect among human beings. 9. The media is a privileged loudspeaker for making linguistic diversity work and for competently and rigorously increasing its prestige. 10. The right to use and protect ones own language must be recognized by the United Nations as one of the fundamental human rights

Kurdish PEN and PEN International Campaigns

Every year, hundreds of writers and other literary professionals around the world are imprisoned, prosecuted, persecuted, attacked, threatened, forced into exile or
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even murdered as a result of their work. Through Kurdish PENs International Campaigns, we seek to defend and support these writers and their families, and to help bring about the necessary changes to make the freedom to write a reality around the world. Kurdish PENs International Campaigns are led by the Writers in Prison Committee, founded in 1960 and now one of the worlds longest running campaigns for free expression. The work is co-ordinated by our office-based Campaigns Team and informed by the research of our colleagues at PEN International. The work that we do is vital and we rely on our members and supporters to help make our campaigns a real success. We run regular bulletins with details of our current cases of concern; please do take a moment to read them and to take the suggested actions. There are also a number of ways of getting involved in our work on a more ongoing basis: Resolutions and Recommendations Submitted to the Assembly of Delegates of PEN International Meeting in Gyeongju, Korea, 9th 15th September 2012 K.

Resolution on Turkey submitted by Kurdish PEN Centre

The Assembly of Delegates of PEN International, meeting at its 78th World Congress in Geongju, Korea, 9th to 15th September 2012

Turkey:

While the world was eagerly hoping that the last elections to be

followed by the re-writing of the new constitution in Turkey will lead to positive changes to introduce a system which could provide all the diverse groups and ethnicities their full rights and genuinely convince and provide them with sense of belonging as equal citizens, especially the Kurds which is the second largest nationality in Turkey, instead hundreds of people ranging from journalists, writers, politicians, human right activists, civilians, civil servants, as well as children and others.. have been detained and imprisoned, making the situation in Turkey very volatile with tension rising especially as a result of very heavy

deployment of army in the Kurdish region and its consequences on human rights conditions, civil society and political and economical development of the region.

PEN International is very concerned that the Turkish authorities are moving away from their commitments to uphold full rights of the diverse ethnicities in Turkey, therefore calls upon its government to:

- Immediate release of all those who have not been accused of direct acts of violence, including writers, journalists, politicians, civilians, women and children and ensure that none are being tried for their peaceful activities and their rights to freedom of expression, - To publicly recognize the status of the Kurdish Language as the second language of the country and support it by the new constitution to be drawn - Start real attempts towards assuring the Kurdish language as a language of education in all regions populated predominantly by the Kurds in Turkey, - During the process of the re-writing of the new Constitution, review all relevant articles of the law with a view of bringing them into accord with international human rights standards, in particular the ICCPR and European Convention on Human Rights, to which Turkey is a signatory,

Resolution on Iran submitted by Kurdish PEN Centre

The Assembly of Delegates of PEN International, meeting at its 78th World Congress in Geongju, Korea, 9th to 15th September 2012 IRAN: Tens of Kurdish writers and journalists continue to face imprisonment, detention and sever persecution measures, many are still awaiting execution of their sentences. Among them the chief editor of the magazine Payam-e Mardom (Message of the People) and writer of the books Nimeh-ye
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Digar ("The Other Half," a book on women's rights), Barzakh-e Democracy ("The Stuggle for Democracy") and Jonbesh-e Ejtemaii ("Social Movements"). Muhemed Sadigh Kaboudvand, who is imprisoned under very severe conditions and with deteriorating health, and where even his family cannot see him.. Also the continued imprisonment and the ill treatment under which Adnan Hassanpour and Abdolvahed Hiva Botimar are held, are only very few examples of the persecution of the Iranian regime towards the Kurds. The General Assembly of PEN International is: Alarmed by the extensive violations of human rights in Iran, and the continued persecution facing Kurdish writers and journalists who are particularly targeted by the Iranian regime for practicing their rights to free expression. Concerned about the continuous policy of harassment of the Kurdish identity, language and culture depriving the Kurds from publishing, studying or developing their language, International PEN calls on the Iranian regime: To stop ill treatment and torture in Iranian prisons. The immediate and unconditional release of Muhemed Sadigh Kaboudvand and other writers and journalists. To stop the particular target of the Kurdish citizens and put an end to the execution of Kurdish prisoners of conscience and to ratify the First Optional Protocol of the ICCPR (International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights) providing for the abolition of the death penalty in line with the growing trend in international law. To fulfill its obligations to Article 19 of the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, to which it is a member state, and calls for the immediate and unconditional release of all those currently detained in Iran for peacefully exercising their right to free expression. Calls for the immediate and unconditional release of all writers and journalists and all human rights defenders who have been arrested in Iran in violation of Article 19 of the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, to which Iran is a signatory.

Resolution on Syria submitted by Kurdish PEN Centre

The Assembly of Delegates of PEN International, meeting at its 78th World Congress in Geongju, Korea, 9th to 15th September 2012

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SYRIA: The whole world was shocked by the latest extensive violent actions launched by Security and Syrian armed forces against the civilians participating in protest against the Syrian Government during the last 14 months of uprising, however these actions did not come as a surprise to the Kurdish population as these actions and practices have been the feature and the norm of the Syrian authorities dealing with Kurds in Syria. Such actions against the Kurds started long before the recent uprising in Syria, resulting in clashes, arbitrary arrests, displacement, and torture. While the era of this regime approaching its end, the opposition groups especially the Syrian National Council have not declared a worthwhile and meaningful statements and stances towards all the diverse groups and ethnicities in Syria especially towards the Kurds. The General Assembly of the International PEN: Concerned about the living conditions of thousands of refugees, who left the country as a result of latest unrests and the real danger of cross border operations between the neighboring countries and Syria which will have a sever impact on the life of people on border lines and beyond, Knowing that in 1965, the Syrian government decided to establish an Arab belt (al-Hizam al-Arabi) in the Jazeera along the Turkish border to settle Bedouin Arabs in Kurdish areas. The demography of the region was changed as well as the names and any references to Kurds, even the village names were Arabized. Although the Kurdish farmers were dispossessed, they refused to move away and abandon their homes. Among these farmers were those who were denied citizenship, who have no properties, no houses and no access to any services such as education or even health care. PEN International calls on the Syrian regime (present or to come) to: Ensure guaranteed political, cultural and economical rights of the country's Kurdish population. Lift all banns on the Kurdish language, culture and identity. Stop all forms of aggression against the civilians in all parts of the country, and guarantee a safe and unconditional return of those been displaced. Release immediately all the Syrian citizens who have been detained and imprisoned for practising their right to freedom of expression. End the ill treatment of women and children. Assure and constitutionalize the Kurdish population rights in Syria.

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 Take the necessary steps to abandon the Arabization measures in the Kurdish regions including the lifting of the Arab Belt to normalize the situation in these regions and extend the reforms to these regions. Calls upon the Syrian opposition groups to take steps towards the recognition of the rights of all the diverse ethnicities in Syria, especially the Kurds who constitute the second largest nationality in Syria. Laura McVeigh Executive Director PEN International declarated it was wonderful to see many of you in Korea at the 78th PEN International Congress last week. For those of you who did not attend I hope you enjoy the photographs, films, presentations and blogs we are featuring on the website showing highlights from the week. Special thanks to our Korean hosts who looked after everyone so well. There was a strong focus on digital issues with the Assembly of Delegates approving the PEN International Declaration on Free Expression and Digital Technologies. There was also a special focus on supporting the next generation of writers with members sharing examples of initiatives in this area. My special thanks to Dalmira (Central Asia PEN), Harruna (Ghana PEN), Tade (Nigeria PEN) and Margie (South Africa PEN) for joining me in a panel discussion on engaging young people in the work of PEN. We were also delighted to announce the launch of a PEN International New Voices Award which will enable up to 300 up-and-coming writers under 30 to have their work showcased and to participate in the Award. Full details of the New Voices programme will be sent shortly to all members and I hope your centre will take part. This Congress saw the election of Antonio della Rocca (Trieste PEN) and the reelection of Marketa Hejkalova (Czech PEN) to the Board along with the reelection of John Ralston Saul as International President for a second term. Marian Botsford-Fraser was re-elected Chair of the Writers in Prison Committee, Ekbal Baraka was elected Chair of the Women Writers Committee and the Search Committee saw five candidates join: Elisabeth Nordgren, Eugene Schoulgin, Jens Lohmann, Entela Kasi, Jean-Luc Despax. We are grateful to all the candidates who stood for election thank you. Following the Congress the Board met for a further two days to work on key issues. As part of our focus on improving communications there will be a new quarterly report from the Board to the membership following each Board meeting this will hopefully be of interest to you. Next years Congress will be in Iceland from 8th September. We will be sharing information on the website to introduce you to the host Centre.

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Now that we are back in the International office, we have turned our attention to the planning for Hay Xalapa the first of our partnership events with Hay Festivals. Hay Xalapa takes place from the 3-7 October and there will be several PEN International events including Peter Godwin and Ed Vulliamy in conversation with Michael Jacobs, Future Shorts film screening and Wole Soyinka in conversation with Peter Godwin. We are also planning our programme for Frankfurt Book Fair later this month. We have two events at the Fair on the 10th and 12th of October, where well be bringing together members of the PEN International Publishers Circle and showcasing Free the Word! German PEN has a strong presence at the Book Fair and for those members attending there is a special German PEN event, Resisting dictatorship Living as an author in Belarus on the 11th October at 1:30 pm at the Weltempfang. Beyond our festival activity, our planning for the Turkey delegation in November and the development of our communications and literary strategy and output, my own particular focus to the end of the year is now again turning to our fundraising which we continue to strengthen and build on. I am delighted that we can now provide better support to the Women Writers, Writers for Peace and Translation & Linguistic Rights committees alongside our strong WiPC support and am sure you will all join me in welcoming Paul Finegan into his new role as Centres A. Resolution on Belarus Submitted by PEN Norway, supported by PEN Sweden, PEN Finland and PEN Denmark (WiPC) The Assembly of Delegates of PEN International, meeting at its 78th World Congress in Geongju, Korea, 9th to 15th September 2012

BELARUS: On 4 August 2011, Ales Bialiastki was arrested in Minsk, charged with tax evasion, charges which stemmed from his reported use of personal bank accounts in Lithuania and Poland to receive funding from international donors for Vyasnas human rights activities in Belarus. His detention since August 2011 is as a direct result of his legitimate activities in defence of human rights in Belarus. On 24 November 2011, Ales Bialiatski was sentenced to 4.5 years imprisonment with the confiscation of his property, including the property registered with other persons, on charges of tax evasion. On January 24, 2012, the cassation appeal against the verdict of the Pershamaiski District Court of Minsk, of Ales Bialiatski, left the sentence in force: 4.5 years imprisonment in a higher security colony and confiscation of properties. The latter disregards the fact that all the taxes and penalties imposed on him had been fully paid by the time of the appeal hearing.

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Ales Bialiatski is head of the Human Rights Centre Viasna in Belarus, Vicepresident of the International Federation for Human Rights (FIDH) and one of the founders of the Belarusian Human Rights House in exile. Vyasna has campaigned for scores of opposition activists persecuted by the government of President Alexsander Lukashenko. It was stripped of its official registration in 2003, making it extremely difficult under Belaruss economic laws to raise funds. The condemnation of Ales Bialiatski illustrates how seriously threatened freedom of association and freedom of expression are in Belarus. PEN International calls upon Belarusian authorities to: Immediately release and drop all charges against human rights defender Ales Bialiatski; to fully rehabilitate him and to ensure unhampered activities of human rights and other civil society organizations Release all political prisoners and allow for free, democratic elections Stop censoring the internet and allow for a free, democratic exchange of ideas and opinions Abolish the death penalt B. Resolution on the Peoples Republic of China submitted by the Independent Chinese PEN Centre and supported by Swiss Italian PEN (WiPC) The Assembly of Delegates of PEN International, meeting at its 78th World Congress in Geongju, Korea, 9th to 15th September 2012 Welcomes the release of HUANG Jinqiu, TANG Cailong, ZUO Xiaohuan, and GAO Chunlian, either on bail or due to sentence reduction, since the last Congress of PEN International in September 2011. Also welcomes the progress in amending the Criminal Procedure Law by the National People's Congress in March 2012, with the insertions of the constitutional principle of respect and protect human rights and a sentence of authorities shall protect the defense right and other procedural rights legally enjoyed by criminal suspects, defendants, and other litigation participants into its General Provision, and with the corresponding revisions of a large number of the terms and conditions for the rights protection. Considers the continuous suppression of the right to freedom of expression throughout China, from its capital city of Beijing to the inland provinces of
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Sichuan, Guizhou and Huibei, to the coastal province of Zhejiang, to the Autonomous Regions of Tibet, Xinjiang, and Inner Mongolia. Alarmed by the relentless harassment of and attacks against Chinese intellectuals, particularly the arbitrary arrests of online bloggers and journalists, over 40 of whom are currently imprisoned, including the sentencing of CHEN Wei (9 years), CHEN Xi (10 years), LI Tie (10 years) and ZHU Yufu (7 years), making China one of the largest jailers of writers and journalists in the world. Worried about the growing censorship of the Internet throughout the country, including the popular social network websites Twitter and Facebook. Disturbed by the continuous use of administrative detention, including the infamous Re-education Through Labour (RTL) system, to jail dissident writers for up to 3 years without the due process guaranteed under its own laws. Further disturbed by the increasing misuse of Chinas Criminal Law to arbitrarily charge dissident writers, outspoken journalists and independent publishers with criminal offences to suppress freedom of expression and the press, in particular endangering national security, (inciting) subversion of state power, (inciting) split of country , illegally holding/leaking state secrets, and illegal business practices or alleged economic crimes; Even further disturbed by the recent amendments to the Criminal Procedure Law which allow police to hold a suspect without informing a relative of either charge or whereabouts as long as they wish, possibly over a year, until there is an open trial. Shocked by the increasing persecution of Independent Chinese PEN Centre (ICPC) members, including the ongoing imprisonment of LIU Xiaobo (11 years), SHI Tao (10 years), YANG Tongyan (12 years), and ZHU Yufu (7 years); the interrogation, harassment, threats, attacks, brief detentions, meeting and travel restrictions, passport rejections, and the work and life interruptions of more than 50 members. PEN International therefore urges the government of the Peoples Republic of China to: Stop the harassment and persecution of ICPC members, and lift all restrictions on their freedom to exit and enter mainland China, particularly to attend PEN International conferences and to return home;

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 Cease its efforts to censor cyberspace and to immediately release all Internet writers jailed for peacefully expressing their opinions; Release all those in the autonomous regions of Tibet, Xinjiang Uyghur and Inner Mongolia who have been detained in violation of their right to freedom of expression, Release all imprisoned writers and journalists in China Ratify the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, which was signed by the Peoples Republic of China in October 1998; Engage in a complete and meaningful reform of the Chinese legal system in accordance with international standards and its own Constitution to guarantee fair trials, the full rights of defence and appeal, the legal practices of attorneys, and a prison system that ensures the health and safety of inmates; particularly to cease the practice of using the charge of subversion against writers and of holding/leaking state secrets against journalists; and to abandon the infamous RTL system. Resolution on Cuba submitted by the Cuban Writers in Exile PEN Centre, supported by Swiss Italian PEN Centre The Assembly of Delegates of PEN International, meeting at its 78th World Congress in Geongju, Korea, 9th to 15th September 2012 WORRIED that the government of Cuba, after recently releasing from prison some political prisoners continues to arrest, harass and physically attack writers, journalists, bloggers and independent librarians, as well as opponents peacefully struggling for human rights, including the Ladies in White, Cuban women who advocate for those rights; DISGUSTED because the Cuban government is creating a new wave of repression against activists for civil rights and freedom of expression with arrests and brutal beatings (as a result of one of them, the dissident and independent journalist Wilman Villar Mendoza diedon April 19, 2012), and kidnapping activists keeping them incommunicado in political plice buildings, only setting them free after alleged torture and under the threat of a judicial writ indicating that they will be imprisoned if they continue those activities; ALARMED by the increase of repression in Cuba. Local and international institutions report the following: a) The Cuban Commission for Human Rights and National Reconciliation, from within Cuba reported: The State Security turns to physical violence and threats to silence independent voices. They suffer beatings during or after their detention. It is a kind of arrest without discrimination, for
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several days, with the goal of intimidation In the first semester of this year the report added that short-term detentions were 3,645. b) The Inter American Society for the Press (Sociedad Interamericana de Prensa, SIP) Condemn[s]the repressive increase against independent Cuban journalists, and at the same time reaffirm[s] its rejection to the limitations imposed to the flow of information in the Island. c) The Committee to Protect Journalists (CPJ) declared: The government persecutes critical journalists with arbitrary arrests, short-terms detentions, beatings, smear campaigns, surveillance and social sanctions. d) The United Nations Committee Against Torture (CAT) filed a censoring motion for these actions committed by the Cuban government. WORRIED, furthermore, that the Cuban government, contravening Article 12 of the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights denies travel permits to writers and journalists to enable them to receive international awards, as is the case of blogger Yoani Snchez, who obtained the Mara Moors Cabot Award in 2009, and Bernardo Arvalo Padrn, ex prisoner of conscience and independent journalist, who received the Barbara Goldsmith Award from the American PEN Centre in New York; DISAPPOINTED that the government of Cuba keeps in force Law 88 from 1999, setting prison terms of more than 20 years to dissidents who claim peacefully their right to freedom of expression. Also, it keeps in force the Law of Security of Information, limiting internet information access to independent journalists. DISMAYED that there are still political prisoners in many jails of Cuba, in spite of the recent release of political prisoners, << note that these are not writers/journalists so not appropriate for inclusion PEN International therefore urges the government of Cuba to: Abstain from the arrest, physical attack and harassment of writers, journalists, bloggers and independent librarians for their practice of their right to freedom of expression,; To allow the use of means of social communications as Facebook, Twitter, blogs and other possible future technological means Free the remaining of political prisoners still serving terms in Cuba; :

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 To abolish Law 88 of 1999 and the Law of Security: Finally, comply with Articles 12 and 19 of the Internatoinal Convention on Political and Civil Rights, signed by Cuba on February 2008.

D. Resolution on Eritrea submitted by Swedish PEN, supported by Danish, Finnish and Norwegian PEN The Assembly of Delegates of PEN International, meeting at its 78th World Congress in Seoul, South Korea, 9 September to 15 September 2012 ERITREA: September 23, 2012 the journalist, playwright and writer Dawit Isaak has been in Eritrean prison for eleven years. Despite many efforts to raise his case at the international level, Dawit remains a long term prisoner of conscience. Eleven years ago, Mr. Isaak was detained with a large number of other journalists, writers and opposition politicians after his newspaper published a letter which criticized President Isaias Afewerki. Despite serious concerns for their health and well-being, Isaak and his colleagues have reportedly been held without charge or trial in extremely harsh conditions ever since. At least four of the journalists arrested with Isaak are believed to have died during their detention and, according to news reports in 2012, only 15 out of the original 35 political prisoners held at Eira Eiro prison camp, where Isaak is allegedly detained, remain alive. Since 2005 there has been no certain confirmation of Mr. Isaak being alive, and 2011 it was even reported that Mr. Isaak had died. This rumour has neither been denied or confirmed by the authorities, and PEN International refuses to believe its true. Dawit Isaak was born in Eritrea in 1964. He immigrated to Sweden as a refugee from Eritreas War of Independence in 1987 and became a Swedish citizen five years later. When Eritrea gained independence in 1993, Isaak returned to his native country and became a part-owner of Setit, the country's first independent newspaper. PEN International is deeply concerned by the reported deaths of Dawit Isaaks colleagues, and by a longstanding lack of medical treatment at the prisons where he has been held. PEN International calls on the government of Eritrea: To honour its obligations under international law by granting the
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International Committee of the Red Cross, or some other reputable and independent organization, access to Mr. Isaak and those detained with him; To confirm and prove that Mr. Isaak is still alive; To provide independent assessments of their health and any medical treatment they require; To grant the immediate and unconditional release of Dawit Isaak and the at least 15 other Eritreans who have also been imprisoned for their writings since 2001.

Resolution on Ethiopia submitted by PEN America Centre, supported by Norwegian and Swedish PEN
The Assembly of Delegates of PEN International, meeting at its 78th World Congress in Geongju, Korea, 9th to 15th September, 2012 ETHIOPIA: On June 27, 2012, the Ethiopian high court convicted Ethiopian journalist Eskinder Nega of conspiracy to commit terrorist acts for the peaceful and lawful practice of his profession. On July 13, 2012, Eskinder was sentenced to 18 years in prisonLike many of his colleagues in the independent media in Ethiopia, Eskinder Nega has been the target of constant harassment since he began his career in 1993. In 2005 he and his journalist wife Serkalem Fasil were imprisoned for 17 months on treason charges for their critical reporting on the governments violent crackdown of protests following disputed elections. When he was released he banned from journalism. He refused to be silenced, publishing reports and essays on online mediamost notably, reports critical of the Ethiopian governments human rights record and its use of an overly-broad anti-terrorism law to prosecute journalists. Now Eskinder stands as the latest victim of this troubling practice. At least 5 journalists have been detained and 11 tried and convicted under the vaguely-worded Anti-Terrorism Proclamation of 2009, which includes provisions the government has increasingly used to jail peaceful opponents and critics. Independent newspapers are consistently shut down, and social media is monitored and often banned. As official hostility to a free press and peaceful dissent has grown in Ethiopia, at least 150 of Eskinder Negas colleagues in the independent media have been forced into exile. PEN International therefore calls on the Ethiopian authorities to:

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 Reverse Eskinder Negas conviction and immediately release all journalists who have been convicted under the Anti-Terrorism Proclamation of 2009 simply for exercising their right to freedom of expression Amend the Anti-Terrorism Proclamation of 2009 to ensure that its provision protect the right of Ethiopias citizens to exercise their right to freedom of expression, freedom of assembly, and full political participation End the intimidation and harassment of the independent media that has forced scores of Ethiopian journalists into exile.

Resolution on Honduras submitted by the Nicaraguan PEN Centre

The Assembly of Delegates of PEN International, meeting at its 78th World Congress in Geongju, Korea, 9th to 15th September 2012 HONDURAS: Honduras is one of the most dangerous countries in the world in which to practise journalism. Since 2007, at least 28 journalists have been murdered; 14 of these have been killed since President Porfirio Lobo took office in January 2010. Government officials - including the army and the police are often implicated in these attacks. The authorities have systematically failed to investigate these crimes. PEN is appalled by the continuing violence directed at journalists in Honduras and calls on the Honduran authorities to thoroughly investigate these murders and bring those responsible to justice. The Honduran coup of 2009 resulted in an illegal regime that ruled by force, suppressed opposition and censored the press. It was eventually succeeded in 2010 by President Porfirio Lobo Sosa's government, which immediately offered an amnesty to all those involved in the coup. The coup split journalists into two camps: those who supported the coup and those who didnt. Journalists from both sides have been the target of attacks. However, those who seek to expose officials (and others) implicated in the coup, and those who have ties to the ousted President Zelaya, are targeted with much greater frequency. Similarly, newspapers and broadcasters that focus on police corruption, secrecy in the public administration, or criticism of current large-scale privatization projects are also under attack. Unsurprisingly, self-censorship in the Honduran press is a growing trend.

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As a signatory to the American Convention of Human Rights, Honduras is obliged to protect its citizens' right to free expression. At its most recent Universal Periodic Review (November 2010), Honduras committed itself to defending this right and pledged to investigate attacks on journalists and other media workers. However, nearly two years later, Honduras is failing in this regard. PEN International calls on the Honduran authorities to:

Demonstrate their commitment to freedom of expression by pursuing and prosecuting those responsible for attacks on journalists, and by committing sufficient resources to these investigations; Ensure that reports linking members of the armed forces and the police to attacks on journalists are investigated impartially.

Resolution on Mexico Submitted by Mexico and San Miguel de Allende PEN Centres, supported by Danish and Swiss Italian PEN Centres
The Assembly of Delegates of PEN International, meeting at its 78th World Congress in Geongju, Korea, 9th to 15th September 2012 MEXICO: Mexico is one of the most dangerous countries in the world in which to be a writer. Since 2006, at least 44 print journalists, writers and bloggers have been murdered in connection with their work; at least 9 others have disappeared. Of these attacks, very few have been thoroughly investigated. According to the Committee to Protect Journalists, fewer than 10% of attacks against journalists and writers result in convictions. PEN is appalled by the continuing litany of killings and calls on the Mexican authorities to do all in their power to bring this to an end. In January 2012, an international delegation of PEN leaders from the Americas, Europe and Asia went to Mexico in order to raise international awareness of the violence suffered there by writers and journalists. They underlined that Mexicos commitment to protecting freedom of expression will only be measured by a reduction in attacks on journalists and writers, and on the prosecution and conviction of those who commit these crimes.

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On 6 June 2012, Mexico finally approved an amendment to article 73 of the Mexican constitution that makes attacks on journalists a federal offence. This change in law will provide investigators with greater resources with which to pursue their work, and protect cases from the influence of corruption at local state level. On 22 June 2012, President of Mexico, Felipe Caldern, signed into law a further amendment to article 73 that will oblige both federal and state authorities to protect the rights of journalists and human rights defenders. PEN International calls on the Mexican authorities to: Swiftly approve the secondary legislation required for the effective implementation of the recent constitutional amendments, thereby ensuring that the new laws classifying attacks on journalists as federal crimes and affording journalists better protection, are put into practice on the ground. Demonstrate their commitment to freedom of expression by pursuing and prosecuting those responsible for attacks on journalists and writers, including when these attacks come from state actors. Tackle the corruption that is endemic at state level, and thereby remove a key cause of impunity in Mexico. Further to the above, the Assembly of Delegates of PEN International calls on the United States of America, Canada and the European Union to: Place these attacks on Mexican writers and journalists on the foreign policy agenda by insisting that the above recommendations be implemented, and by conditioning future counternarcotics aid on the Mexican authorities taking genuine and effective action to redress serious human rights violations against journalists. Address their own countries role in drug consumption and in international narcotics and arms trafficking. I. Resolution on Puerto Rico presented by the International PEN Club of Puerto Rico The Assembly of Delegates of PEN International, held at its 78th World Congress in Gyeongju, Korea, from 9 to 15 September, 2012 PEN International condemns the articles which censor freedom of expression and the right to protest in the 2012 Senate Draft, better known as the bill to establish the New Criminal Code. We see freedom of expression as the

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fundamental basis on which a democracy grows strong in the face of excessive State power. The wave of criminal activity cannot be used as the parameters to guide public policy and respond with censorship, it cannot be a pretext for taking away the civil rights of citizens in view of the States inability to handle the current situation. We cannot use democracy as a shield to combat criminality. Democracy without freedom is tyranny, Octavio Paz told us. Humanity has gone through dark times, and this is no exception, which is why the turbulence of our times is never justification for suddenly demolishing rights that have taken us long processes to achieve. Pen International repudiates censorship. We condemn the Codes lenitive attitude towards public order officials who obstruct the work of the press. We will end with a quote from Mario Vargas Llosa: All dictatorships, on the right and on the left, practise censorship and use blackmail, intimidation, and bribery to control the flow of information. You can measure the health of a countrys democracy by assessing the diversity of opinions, freedom of expression, and critical nature of its range of media. PEN International requests that the Governor of Puerto Rico, Luis Fortuo: Veto the draft approved by the legislative bodies, whose intention would damage rights which are the pillars of democracy contained in Article II 4 of our Constitution, which states that laws will not be approved which restrict freedom of speech or freedom of the press, and the First Amendment of the Constitution of the United States.

Draft resolutions related to the work of the Translation and Linguistic Rights Committee (TLRC)

Recommendation to PEN International on Protection and Promotion of the Catalan Language Submitted by Catalan PEN and the Translation and Linguistic Rights Committee
The Assembly of Delegates of PEN International, meeting at its 78th World Congress in Geongju, Korea, 9th to 15th September 2012 The chair of the Translation and Linguistic Rights Committee of PEN International and Catalan PEN denounce to international organizations the
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constant and increasing actions which successive Spanish governments are carrying out against Catalan. This millennial language was not only prohibited and attacked during Francos regime; the later democratic period is revealing that the apparent concessions gained in the legal and institutional spheres end up being usually manipulated and interpreted to the detriment of Catalan language. The recent access to governmental power of the Conservative Party (Partido Popular, PP) has exacerbated the situation: it pretends to abolish the present linguistic system in schools of Catalonia, which has been valued and applauded by everyone including the European Parliament for thirty years; at schools in Valencia and in the Balearic Islands, Catalan is a totally residual and anecdotic subject. Especially in those regions it is getting more and more impossible to live as a Catalan, to have Catalan schools, to have some media in Catalan, not to mention the obvious lack of police forces or of other official institutions that clearly recognise Catalan as the proper language of the country where they belong. In the Balearic Islands, even traditional place names are beginning to be substituted. In fact, therefore, the Catalan linguistic area populated by over ten million citizens has been experiencing for some time with different nuances according to the regions a true linguistic extermination, sheltered by a legality that squashes diversity and imposes a false Spanish unity. It turns out to be totally unacceptable that all this should be happening in a State of the European Union which has signed all international agreements on languages. And it would be so even more if no one was to condemn the situation before all the appropriate international forums. This is our obligation, which we carry out with sorrow but firmly, since PEN International has shown, from the very beginning, its commitment in defending the role played by a communitys language in favour of social and cultural cohesion. This commitment has been recently renewed through the Girona Manifesto. Therefore, Catalan PEN explicitly asks PEN International to assume this case and, in its capacity as a consulting member of UN, to bring it to the appropriate commission of the highest international organization, so that the infringements of fundamental human rights reported here can be investigated and, as a result, all needed steps can be taken.

Resolution on Hungarian language in Slovakia and Romania Submitted by Hungarian PEN, supported by

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Kurdish PEN, Occitan PEN, Portuguese PEN, Turkish PEN, Uyghur PEN, Slovene PEN, Suisse Romande PEN
The Universal Declaration of Linguistic Rights, which the Translation and Linguistic Rights Committee of PEN International initiated, and which the Barcelona Congress of June 6, 1996 adopted universally, proclaims the truth that doesn't need explanation, that every language is equal and everyone has the right to use and preserve his or her own language. The resolution accepted at the Budapest Regional Conference in 1997 and the Helsinki Congress of 1998 and presented to UNESCO supports the free use of their mother tongue by national minorities in every country of the world. We believe that every language is a common treasure of humanity and we are all responsible for their survival. The preservation of the mother-tongue is a natural way of identifying with a culture that has been inherited from our ancestors and is an indispensable condition of human life. The Girona Declaration of May 3, 2011 lays down these principles and reinforces them in ten points. Based on the above, the Hungarian PEN Club and national centres that join with it express our alarm and condemn the antiHungarian measures taken in Slovakia and Romania. The European Union has made borders permeable and in many ways symbolic. So it is unacceptable that these two EU member countries create linguistic borders between the large minority (an autochthonous population) living in their territory and the majority population, thus degrading the minority in administration to the population and education level of second-class citizens. ln this way the cultural rights of the largest minority of Europe, Hungarians numbering in several millions, are still being threatened. As well, administrative borders within Slovakia have also been changed so that Hungarians are no longer a voting majority even in southern Slovakia where they form a large bloc. Gratuitous obstacles are placed before the use of the minority language. For example, television broadcasts in the minority language are allowed only if the state language is subtitled. Fines can be imposed in case of violation, which endangers financially the survival of the minority media. The law also prescribes that Slovak be used at minority cultural events, even if there is not a single person in the audience, who doesn't understand the minority language. ln addition, the minority language is not provided in the emergency help line (112),even in areas where the mother-tongue of the majority population is not Slovak. This is particularly incomprehensible as there are many elderly people who often don't speak Slovak at all. All this creates an atmosphere in which Hungarian-speakers are afraid to speak their mother-tongue. ln Romania, the recently changed government has ended the independent Hungarian-language of the University medical department [TirguMures], and

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also wishes to reorganise voting wards so that the Hungarian population living in one bloc will be divided. Trusting in the support of the world's largest and oldest writer's organisation PEN International, which was founded in 1921 (Hungarian PEN joined in 1926) we demand that these discriminative policies be changed.

Resolution on Crimea Tatar Language Submitted by Translation and Linguistic Rights Committee and the Ural Altay Network
Preamble During the 4th meeting of the PEN International Ural-Altay network in Simferopol and Baghchasaray, Crimea, 11 PEN centres together with PEN International President, John Ralston Saul, International Secretary Hori Takeaki and Ural-Altay PEN network co-chairs Kaiser zHun and Ide Tsutomu, were briefed on the situation of the Crimean Tatars language and culture. The Crimean Tatar s were abruptly deported on May 18th 1944 in large part to Uzbekistan, Kazakhstan and Siberia. This deportation involved some 238,000 people, representing all of the Crimean Tatar people. It is estimated that almost half of these people died between 1944 and 1947. During their exile their language was allowed no public existence. A long campaign followed, aimed at winning the right to return home, during which many people were jailed. The decline of Soviet authority in the late 1980s opened the door to a large scale return. The Crimean Tatar today represent approximately 13 % of the population of the Autonomous Republic of Crimea or some 268, 000 people. The Assembly of Delegates of PEN International, meeting at its 78th World Congress in Geongju, Korea, 9th to 15th September 2012 The success of Crimean Tatar people in reestablishing their language and culture in Crimea over the past two decades is remarkable. However PEN International is troubled that the Tatar Crimean language remains under threat as follows:

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1. The Crimean Tatar language is listed in the UNESCO Atlas of the Worlds Languages in danger; 2. There are no public pre-school institutions in the Crimean Tatar language; 3. There are 15 primary schools where Crimean Tatar is the language of instruction; serving 16 % of their student population. These schools lack trained teachers, manuals and programs. 4. No secondary schools exist which offer teaching in the Crimean Tatar language beyond language and literature courses. 5. This means that 84 % of Crimean Tatar youth must attend schools where Russian and in a few cases Ukrainian - is the language of instruction. In these schools students may take 1.5 to 2 hours per week of Crimean Tatar as one of the optional classes. 6. Television is the principal means of public communication in Crimea. There is one Crimean Tatar language private television channel (ATR). However the state regulations result in a 75 % presence of Ukrainian and Russian language broadcasting on this channel. 7. On public television Crimean Tatar language is permitted 3 hours of broadcasting per week, far below its percentage of the population; 8. Since 1989 initial steps have been taken to create basic dictionaries. There is, however, an urgent need to create a broad range of scientific, technical and other up to date professional dictionaries; 9. The Ministry of Education of Ukraine maintains the use of Cyrillic script which divides the Crimean Tatars in Crimea from the large Crimean diaspora which uses the Latin script. The Crimean Tatar assembly (Qurultay) has called for the right to convert all aspects of the Crimean Tatar language into the Latin script, but the government of Ukraine has not accepted this.

PEN International calls on the Ukrainian government to ensure the protection and promotion of minority languages, notably Crimean Tatar, and as recommended under the United Nations Declaration on the Rights of Persons Belonging to National or Ethnic, Religious and Linguistic Minorities

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D. Resolution on Chinese Domestic Law and International Agreements Regarding Language and Education Policy in Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomy region, submitted by Uyghur PEN The Chinese government is in clear violation of its own laws and agreements. When the Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomy region was established as an autonomous region of the Peoples Republic of China (P.R.C) in 1955, it was given special powers of self-government under the concept of regional autonomy. This concept appears in Article 4 of the P.R.C Constitution and specifically mentions the importance of language: Regional autonomy is practiced in areas where people of minority ethnic groups live in compact communities... All ethnic groups have the freedom to use and develop their own spoken and written languages and to preserve or reform their own folkways and customs. The legal framework of regional autonomy is spelled out in the Regional Ethnic Autonomy Law. This law establishes the principle that language policy in the schools of the Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomy region should be formulated at the local level: Autonomous agencies in ethnic autonomous areas decide on educational plans in these areas, on the establishment of various kinds of schools at different levels, and on their educational system, forms, curricula, the language used in instruction and enrolment procedures. It goes on to guarantee language rights for minority students in the classroom: Schools (classes) and other educational organizations recruiting mostly ethnic minority students should, whenever possible, use textbooks in their own languages and use these languages as the media of instruction. The rights of ethnic minorities regarding language of instruction are also spelled out in the Compulsory Education Law of thePRC, which reiterates the right of minorities to be educated in their mother tongue: Schools in which the majority of students are of ethnic minorities may use the spoken and written languages of those ethnic minorities in instruction In the international realm, the P.R.C is a signatory to the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights and the Convention on the Rights of the Child, both of which guarantee minorities protection of their language rights. The Convention on the Rights of the Child, which China signed in 1992, specifically extends language protections to children:

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In those States in which ethnic, religious or linguistic minorities or persons of indigenous origin exist, a child belonging to such a minority or who is indigenous shall not be denied the right, in community with other members of his or her group, to enjoy his or her own culture, to profess and practice his or her own religion, or to use his or her own language While minority language rights are protected in Chinese law and under its international agreements, this is not reflected in reality. It is essential that China address the serious problems that exist in the implementation of its bilingual education policy. PEN International demands that Peoples Republic of Chinas authorities: 1.Respect its own laws and international agreements by allowing for the use of and committing to the protection of Uyghur language. Support the development of the Uyghur language and Uyghur language materials 2.Guarantees the principles of the Declaration on the Rights of Persons Belonging to National or Ethnic, Religious and Linguistic Minorities and that this be be implemented in all Autonomous regions in the Peoples Republic of China. 3. eplace the current education system, which enforces a monolingual Chinese language education policy with a multilingual education system. The relevant authorities must ensure the linguistic and educational rights of all ethnic groups. Calls on the government to actively recruit more ethnic language teachers in nurseries, primary schools and middle schools to redress the current imbalance in the education system so that the linguistic rights of the children of ethnic minorities can be guaranteed.Increase funding for ethnic linguistic education to enable the recruitment of more ethnic language teachers and educational professionals. In the mean time, government must give funding to improve the quality of educational resources such as books and computers in ethnic minority schools. 5.. take action to replace unqualified teachers who are not able to teach Uyghur language in the bilingual-education kindergartens and other schools under the current multilingual education system. They must respect the traditional ethnic education and guarantee the educational rights, which is declared in the Ethnic Educational Constitution. 6.Adhere to multi-lingual and multi-cultural principles were approved by the United Nations (Human Rights) Council.

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7. Recognise that all ethnic groups have the right to be educated in their own mother tongue, as a basic human right and that the Educational Constitution must guarantee such rights. 8. While recognising that building the foundation of the official language is an important part of the International Linguistic Regulations, it must be ensured that the process of the implementation of the official language must not threaten other ethnic linguistic education rights. Multilingual education must be allowed equally throughout the country. 10. In reality, the current education system has been designed to emphasize and focus more on the Chinese language throughout the country; such systems aim to assimilate other ethnic languages and people. This only creates tension and hatred between the Chinese and various other ethnic groups. However, to openly allow and freely enhance the multilingual education system can improve the understanding amongst nations, which ultimately would advance the national unity. 11.Follow and respect the education law, the national language-writing law, national autonomous law etc. and guarantee the rights of Uygur and Kazakh children to be educated in their mother tongue by establishing a sufficient number of kindergartens, primary schools, middle schools and high schools in Uyghur Autonomous Region.

PEN International Translation and Linguistic Rights Committee Statement on the Proposed International Standardization of the Portuguese Language
The PEN International Translation and Linguistic Rights has been asked to comment on the agreement among most Portuguese speaking states to engage in a program of orthographic standardization (Orthographic Agreement from 1990 [Acordo ortogrfico/AO 90)]. This request to examine the proposed changes was initiated by Portuguese PEN, whose members oppose the proposed international standardization. The T&LRC meeting in Barcelona (4-6 June, 2012) expressed great sympathy for the Portuguese PEN position and asked that the international agreement be examined. It should be said that many other writers, public figures and linguists, also question whether attempts to move towards a standardized universal Portuguese is a good idea. The history of such attempts in the lusophone world has shown just how difficult the question is. An annex of earlier initiatives of this sort is attached. As can be seen, more often than not, they have led to failure.
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When compared with the recent history of other international languages, it can also be seen that the idea of standardization across borders has more often than not been rejected. It would appear that the two driving forces behind the Portuguese standardization plan are administrative and commercial. If so, these are weak points of departure that may be seriously damaging to the Portuguese language. A language is not primarily an administrative or a commercial tool. These are superficial and utilitarian activities which require what might be called simplified dialects tangential to living language. A living language favours creativity, imagination, scientific initiative; it adapts to a real world in which people live with their many differences and particularities. To attempt to centre a language in administrative and/or commercial priorities is to weaken it by attacking its complexity and innate creativity in order to promote bureaucratic methods of the public and private sort. As to historic precedent, it is not clear that this initiative results from a clear thinking through of experiences elsewhere. For example, it is widely accepted that the centralized attempt over several centuries to create and maintain a universal French, as laid out in Paris, had the long term effect of alienating populations from that language when offered a choice of other languages more open to local creativity. One practical negative result was a chilling effort on the natural creation of vocabulary, followed by a shrinking of vocabulary. The driving force in the French language today, originating in all of its bases around the world, is to move towards an embracing of the differences within the language. The result is the growing possibility of a new and very positive atmosphere surrounding French, for example in Africa. As for English there were equivalent attempts at a universal approach in the time of the British Empire. However, the strength of the Anglophone regions (a situation similar to that of Portuguese) meant that these rules were both internationally and naturally broken. The strength of English today is widely attributed to its openness to differences to different grammars, spellings, words and indeed meanings. One of the most positive characteristics of any international language is that words, spellings, grammar, phrases, and accents take on quite different meanings as the result of local or regional experiences. These differences often work their way across borders and are absorbed by other English speaking regions. It is the competitive, independent, differing nature of the English regions that has become the hall mark of its strength its creativity whether in science, literature, business or, indeed, ideas. There are constant attempts to normalize or centralize, such as

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the Chicago style system. However, these attempts, more than anything else, get in the way of the languages real strengths. Exactly the same argument could be made to explain the growing strength of Spanish as an international language. It is precisely the local, national and hemispheric differences within the Spanish language which give it increasing strength. The differences feed off each other. The creation of the Dictionary of the Royal Spanish Academy with the cooperation of Spanish language Academies around the world had the aim of including all of these differences. In this way, the approach towards the celebration of differences within the Spanish language paralleled the same approach taken by major dictionaries of the English language. As far as we can see, there is nothing in the Portuguese initiative which will do anything except limit the natural strength of the language by attempting to limit its creativity through an essentially bureaucratic straight jacket of rules. For example, by proposing this standardization as a requirement for school manuals, authorities will in effect be limiting the creativity of writers in many parts of the Portuguese speaking world. There is also no indication that such standardization will lead to an increase in the trade of books between the various parts of the Portuguese speaking world. Finally, it should be pointed out that numerous exceptions were made in the standardization proposal, thereby creating a maze of bureaucratic linguistic contradictions which interfere with the real, grassroots, creative shaping of differences. We are disappointed that the authorities who, whatever their power, have no real expertise in how languages live and grow, should attempt to limit the strength of Portuguese by imposing artificial rules designed to undermine the strength of all languages that is, their ability to constantly reinvent themselves. For this, a simple acceptance of a diversity of approaches, usually emerging from different regions, is essential. We doubt very much that this proposed standardization will have any other effect than to bureaucratize the texts used in schools, thereby, cutting students off from the real creativity of the Portuguese language at its regional and international level. PEN International celebrates literature and promotes freedom of expression. Founded in 1921, our global community of writers now comprises 144 Centres spanning more than 100 countries. Our programmes, campaigns, events and publications connect writers and readers for global solidarity and cooperation. PEN International is a non-political organization and holds consultative status at the United Nations and UNESCO.

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Learning in a language they can understand is vital for children to enjoy their right to quality education. Mother Tongue and Multilingual Education are key to reducing discrimination, promoting inclusion and improving learning outcomes for all. Day International Mother Language Day was proclaimed by UNESCO on 21 February 2000, and is celebrated on the same date each year in the Member States and UNESCO to promote linguistic and cultural diversity and multilingualism. This day dedicated recognition of Language Movement in Bangladesh through commemorated the Day of the Language Movement since 1952, when the police and the army of the state of Pakistan, the then Bangladesh, opened fire on the crowd of speakers of Bengal demonstrating for their language rights in Dhaka. In 1999, the General Conference of UNESCO adopted Resolution 37 recommending measures to promote multilingualism, including through promoting universal access to cyberspace and multiculturalism on global information networks. In 2000, Day International Mother Language Day was celebrated for the first time. In a message read during the ceremony of the first event, the United Nations Secretary General Kofi Annan has supported the International Day of the mother tongue, he said, is the awareness of all the peoples of the value of languages. Reaffirming the importance of preserving diversity of languages, the Secretary General called for increased efforts to safeguard languages as a shared heritage of mankind. The celebration of the International Day of Mother Tongue in 2000, 2001, 2002 and 2003 were an opportunity for discourse and exchange of ideas led by academics, linguists, government officials, cultural associations, and Other representatives of member states on the themes of culture, education and languages. Throughout the world, many local cultural activities were held such as reading poetry in schools, exhibitions and plays. Radio programs and television programs produced by local and national media have emerged. But during all these periods the Kurdish language are forbidden by the colonial state in Turkey, Iran and Syria. It is believed that the celebration of International Day of the language is at the forefront of the Organization's efforts to promote linguistic diversity and multilingual education. But in the same day, we observe the ban on the language of many oppressed peoples, colonized. Although the Director General of UNESCO, Mr Kochiro Matsuura, spoke on the occasion of the International Mother Language Day on 21 February 2002: "Today more than ever, looking for understanding and recognition of other peoples of other cultures and respecting their languages and ways of thinking expressed through them. "The speech by Mr Kochiro Matsuura, is

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a truth for the dominant nations, it is no other thing a lie to the oppressed nations and the countries colonized.

Day International Mother Language, Day is celebrated today on 21 February 2009. It marks the start of the International Year of Languages, proclaimed by the United Nations General Assembly and the coordination of which has been entrusted to UNESCO as the other languages of the United Nations has not adhered to, n has never applied .. This applies to the 1960 Declaration on the Granting of Independence to Colonial.

The question arises why and how what are the prospects for the International Day of the mother tongue will be differentiated from native languages of the dominant nations? Is it the colonial peoples that do not have states, including their mother tongues are prohibited have any rights to benefit from this international day? In the case of the Basques and the Kurds if so, how do people without states which do not have structures within UNESCO will benefit? In other words, how the people concerned can act? Insofar as the colonial state (Turkey, Iran, Syria) prohibit remove all the rights of Kurds in the presence of the United Nations human rights of oppressed peoples including the right to self-determination of the Kurdish nation and Basque, on wondered what comedy is going to play even UNESCO? If not, how UNESCO can live the alienation of its own organization to know during the International Day of Philosophy Turkey was represented by members of secret services and military. Then there are philosophers in Turkey. The question that arises is to know the face of the prohibition of the language of the peoples of Kurdistan the UN and UNESCO, they practice the same hypocrisy? This is the fundamental question of philosophy of language raised by the circumstances of the linguistic imperialism and the politics of standardization imposed by UNESCO. Position of the problem

If UNESCO is sincere, does not state policy colonialists who shared Kurdistan them, then we believe that Mr. Director of UNESCO must respond positively to our request for publications in the Kurdish language, particularly in Kirmanki of Dersim, in Gouran, kurmadj, sorani, hewraman including all oppressed peoples who are in the same case. In other words, if the Director of UNESCO refuses aid to linguistic activities of oppressed peoples, then the refusal of UNESCO, means the denial policy through the UN which compels us to examine and condemn the policy of linguistic imperialism within the UNESCO including its policy of standardization which is a linguistic genocide of our century.

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We believe that in all areas of colonialist and imperialist forces will remove all of the cultures of indigenous peoples, including the living heritage of humanity. This is the absolute negation of the game is the basis of nihilistic action of UNESCO and the UN. Which contradicts the statement of November 2007 The question arises why the UNESCO and the UN forget the policy of state terrorism, who wants to join politics in the USA where the languages of peoples are disappearing including colonialist states which share the allied Kurdistan and the USA prohibit our mother tongues as under the French mandate in Syria? In this sense the relationship established between the language policy in particular UNESCO with the policy of linguistic imperialism in general? When antagonistic contradictions may dissolve comedies "common heritage of humanity" by UNESCO? What do linguists and political parties in Kurdistan? Research Center and Academy of Languages? What are the scientific activities of departments of languages and literatures at the universities of South Kurdistan? What is the policy of linguistic imperialism TV6 the AKP and Turkey? How how the researchers and scientists can achieve the Kurdish language and politics in Kurdistan? What are the valets of French imperialism, the USA, the UK and Germany in Paris, Washington, London to Bonn? What was the challenge of the Conferences on the Kurdish language organized by the Kurdish Institute of Paris from 1994 to 2009? What are the initiatives taken by the Ministry of Education of Kurdistan or the Kurdish Language Academy? What is the policy of the Government of South Kurdistan face of linguistic imperialism and standardization? That is why at first we analyze the declaration of UNESCO and the internal contradictions that are the negation of the historical truth of our time and in a second time, examine the thesis of UNESCO we want to highlight despite the positive aspect of the statement and how its purpose will coincide with the policy of linguistic imperialism and the politics of standardization that is not something other than the linguistic genocide. In a third time developing our criticism against the policy of linguistic imperialism and against the erroneous theories of some researchers Kurds and foreigners and we will present projects of scientific and linguistic research in the Academy of Sciences of Kurdistan teams research of the specialty division of scientific work.

Part One: UNESCO

"Far from being a space reserved for the analysis of specialists, languages lie at the heart of any social, economic and cultural," said Kochiro Matsuura, DirectorGeneral of the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO), in a message to the psychological warfare written on the occasion of
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International Day of Mother Language. The agency estimates that more than 50% of the approximately 6700 languages spoken in the world are endangered futures and that on average, a language ceases to be spoken every two days. "Experts consider that 96% of languages are spoken by only 4% of the population," says the press release. One of these languages are endangered in the case of our language, of Dersim in krmanki Gouran, kurmadj, sorani, hewraman. We do not want the loss of our language. And we must do all necessary steps to preserve our mother language. I think that languages are without doubt the greatest creation of human genius and each language reflects a unique way to the linguistic faculty of mankind. Languages are not just tools extremely conducive to communication, they also reflect a perception of the world: they are vehicles of value systems and cultural expressions, and are a key determinant of the identity of groups and individuals, peoples and nations. In other words, languages are an essential part of the living heritage of humanity. The question that arises is whether there is an equal opportunity language if not how can we explain the disappearance of 3500 languages in danger? According to the statement of UNESCO; Over 50% of the world's 6700 languages are endangered 96% of the world's 6,000 languages are spoken by 4% of world population 90% of the world's languages are not represented on the Internet 1 language disappears on average every two weeks 80% of African languages have no written transcript UNESCO focuses its activities for the safeguarding of endangered languages in three priority areas: (i) Awareness of the problem of the disappearance of languages and the need to preserve linguistic diversity (ii) strengthening local capacity and promoting appropriate language policies In recent years, UNESCO has implemented a series of projects for capacity building in the safeguarding of endangered languages at the local, national and subregional around the world. (iii) mobilization of international cooperation In theory we see that the UNESCO Universal Declaration on Cultural Diversity was adopted unanimously in a very particular context. It was following the events of 11 September 2001, and the General Conference of UNESCO, which then met for its 31st session, was the first ministerial-level meeting to be held after those terrible events. It was an opportunity for States to reaffirm their conviction that intercultural dialogue is the best guarantee for peace and to reject the thesis of inevitable conflict of cultures and civilizations. "We believe that the genocide in Halabja chemical chemical weapons supplied by USA, France, England, Switzerland, Turkey, Russia, Sweden, Norway etc. Saddam, represents the chemical crimes of genocide of our
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time more important than "the events of 11 September 2001 and UNESCO and the UN did not act the same way as the terrorist acts were directed by Mr. Bin Ladin, commissioner of the Pentagon and the CIA. That is the heart of the linguistic imperialism, is the linguistic genocide. According to the UNESCO declaration "An instrument of this magnitude is a first for the international community. It raises cultural diversity to the rank of "common heritage of mankind", "as necessary for humankind as biodiversity is for nature", and his defense of an ethical imperative, inseparable from respect for the dignity of the human person. The Declaration aims both to preserve as a living treasure, and therefore renewable, a cultural diversity that should not be viewed as assets frozen, but as a guarantor of the survival of humanity, it also aims to avoid segregation and fundamentalism which, in the name of cultural differences, would sanctify those differences, and going against the message of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights. The Universal Declaration emphasizes that each individual must acknowledge not only the otherness in all its forms, but also the multiplicity of identity, within societies themselves plural. This is the only way to preserve cultural diversity as process and self-expression, creation and innovation. The debate between those countries that wish to defend cultural goods and services "which, because they convey identities, values and meaning, should not be treated as ordinary merchandise or consumer goods like any other", and those who hoped to promote the cultural rights has been exceeded, these two approaches are combined in the Declaration which highlighted the causal link uniting two complementary approaches. One can not exist without the other. This Declaration, together with the main lines of an Action Plan, can be a great development tool, capable of humanizing globalization. It does not of course requirements, but general guidelines that should result in innovative policies by Member States in their specific contexts, in partnership with the private sector and civil society. This Declaration, which opposes the closure fundamentalist perspective of a more open, more creative and more democratic, has become one of the founding of a new ethic being promoted by UNESCO at the dawn of the twenty-first century. "I wish it could be one day the same force as the Universal Declaration of Human Rights. "

In theory, Committed to the full realization of human rights and fundamental freedoms proclaimed in the Universal Declaration of Human Rights and other universally recognized legal instruments, such as the two International Covenants of 1966 on the one for Civil and Political Rights and the other to economic, social and cultural rights, in practice this statement does nothing to the oppressed peoples whose languages were also prohibited by the policy of linguistic imperialism UNESCO. Despite this empty floor in the Preamble to the Constitution of UNESCO affirms "(...) that human dignity requires the dissemination of culture and

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education of all for justice, the Freedom and peace are there for all nations, sacred duties to fulfill in a spirit of mutual assistance "

Further recalling Article I, which among other goals assigned to UNESCO, recommending "such international agreements as may be necessary to facilitate the free flow of ideas by word and image" Referring to the provisions relating to cultural diversity and the exercise of cultural rights in the international instruments enacted by UNESCO Reaffirming that culture should be regarded as the set of distinctive spiritual, material, intellectual and emotional features of society or social group and that it encompasses, in addition to art and literature, lifestyles, ways of living together, value systems, The traditions and beliefs, Noting that culture is at the heart of contemporary debates about identity, social cohesion and the development of a knowledge-based economHaut du formulaire Affirming that respect for cultural diversity, tolerance, dialogue and cooperation in a climate of mutual trust and understanding are among the best guarantees of international peace and security, Aspiring to greater solidarity on the basis of recognition of cultural diversity, awareness of the unity of humankind and the development of intercultural exchanges, Considering that the process of globalization, facilitated by the rapid development of new information technologies and communication, though representing a challenge for cultural diversity, creates the conditions for renewed dialogue among cultures and civilizations, Aware of the specific mandate which was entrusted to UNESCO, within the UN system, to ensure the preservation and promotion of the fruitful diversity of cultures, Proclaims the following principles and adopts the present Declaration: However, this cultural diversity supported by UNESCO, is the diversity between languages and cultures of the colonialist countries, cultures of the dominant classes of the countries oppressors and imperialists, this cultural diversity is the negation of the diversity of the cultures of colonial peoples , oppressed and states, in the case of the Kurds and Basques. Despite this article 4 the UNESCO declaration mention hypocritically "The defense of cultural diversity is an ethical imperative,
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inseparable from respect for the dignity of the human person. It implies a commitment to respect human rights and fundamental freedoms, in particular the rights of persons belonging to minorities and indigenous peoples. No one may invoke cultural diversity to infringe upon human rights guaranteed by international law, nor to limit its scope. But in practice it is UNESCO, which has denied the ethical imperative by establishing in 1981 a symposium at the Turkish fascist dictator Mustafa Kemal who exterminated the peoples Armenian, Greek, Assyrian and Chaldean Kurds. This is the fascist military dictatorship in Turkey, the fascist regime of Saddam and Bashar El Essad and the bloodthirsty regime of the Mullahs Islamic regime of Iran that prohibit "Cultural rights as an enabling environment for cultural diversity" People's Kurdistan "Cultural rights are an integral part of human rights, which are universal, indivisible and interdependent.

The flourishing of creative diversity requires the full realization of cultural rights, as defined in Article 27 of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights and Articles 13 and 15 of the International Covenant on Economic , social and cultural rights. Everyone should be able to express themselves, create and disseminate their work in the language of their choice, and particularly in their mother tongue, everyone has the right to education and quality training that fully respect their cultural identity and any will participate in the cultural life of their choice and conduct their own cultural practices, subject to respect for human rights and fundamental freedoms (Article 5), Face to the collaboration between UNESCO and dictatorships, how "the free flow of ideas by word and image," will be possible? , Ie how "Freedom of expression, media pluralism, multilingualism, equal access to art and to scientific and technological knowledge - including in digital form - and the possibility for all cultures to have access to the means of expression and dissemination, "" will be the guarantors of cultural diversity. "Prohibiting the languages of the oppressed peoples? It is the negation of the cultural heritage to the sources of creativity in these conditions it is impossible for "Creation draws on the roots of cultural tradition, but flourishes in contact with others" It is impossible that "creativity in all its diversity "could create" a genuine dialogue between cultures. I think that "Member States shall take appropriate measures to disseminate the UNESCO Universal Declaration on Cultural Diversity and to encourage its effective application," but I do not think the colonial state will achieve the objectives of the Declaration of UNESCO are the following Car Convention on Indigenous and Tribal Peoples, 1989 and has never applied the definitions in this agreement. According to Article 1 of the Convention) tribal peoples in independent countries who are distinguished from other sectors of the national community through their social conditions, and whose status is regulated wholly or partially by customs or traditions which are or by special legislation; The question is how linguistic imperialism not only removes languages mas also of indigenous peoples'
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lands.

UNESCO tolerate the ban on languages of the peoples oppressed by the States prohibited Colonialists
But the question arises what is the status of oppressed peoples in Turkey and the Kurdish north where the State prohibits imperialist Turkish languages of the peoples in the Constitution? According to the Turkish Constitution, the nation and the Turkish nation is eternal, while the Turks are barbaric occupiers of Anatolia. The colonial occupation "recognizes the eternal existence of the homeland and the Turkish nation and the indivisible integrity of the great Turkish state with the concept of nationalism and the principles and reforms implemented by Atatrk, founder of the Turkish Republic, guide immortal and incomparable hero "Turkish imperialism is based on" the absolute supremacy of national will, sovereignty belongs unconditionally and without reservations to the Turkish nation and that no person or institution empowered to exercise on behalf of the nation "Turkish imperialism that" no opinion or thought can be given protection against the Turkish national interests, the principle of indivisibility of the Turkish entity in terms of state and territory, values historical and spiritual values inherent in the Turkish people "It is delivered and entrusted by the nation imperialist TUROUE including" The Republic of Turkey is a State "colonialist and imperialist" committed to the nationalism of Atatrk and based on the fundamental principles expressed in the preamble . "And" The Turkish state together with its territory and nation an indivisible entity. Its official language is Turkish. ", Which the Kurdish language and the languages of other peoples do not exist and" Sovereignty belongs unconditionally and without reservation to the nation. "Turkish imperialism. Therefore "the rights and freedoms may be restricted by law in accordance with the letter and spirit of the Constitution, to safeguard the indivisible integrity of the State in terms of its territory and nation, national sovereignty, the Republic, national security, public order, public safety, public interest, public morals and public health and for reasons provided by special provisions of the Constitution. "Turk. For all the wars against the Kurdistan "the exercise of fundamental rights and freedoms" is suspended. The policy of the Turkish linguistic imperialism is defined by Article 26 of the Turkish Constitution, "No language has been prohibited by law can not be used to express and disseminate thoughts. Sheets written or printed records, audio and visual tapes and other instruments and equipment involved in the expression that violate this prohibition are seized pursuant to a duly issued by a judge or, in cases where a delay would be prejudicial, under an order of the authority empowered by law. "No language has been prohibited by law can not be used in publications. "" Articles 26 and 27 of the Constitution apply to the limitation of freedom of the press. "

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One can cite many scholars of Jewish origin that underlie the policy of the Turkish imperialism whose founder is the Jewish "Dnmez" anti-Semitic Mustafa Kemal Among the researchers Alp Tekin Mr Cohen has a very important place in the construction of the Turkish language imperialism. Mr Cohen said "Until recently, there had not doubted that the Sumerians were of Turkish origin. Only in the light of recent discoveries, made by some European experts that came to this conclusion. It is a historical truth that the Institute of History, or rather Tchan Kaya could not ignore. ".. Another more recent civilization, which boasts the Turkish people, the Hittite civilization, which is the same question in the Bible. " The theory of "language-sun" was a racist theory advocated by Erik Jan Zurcher who dedicated his doctoral thesis to the falsification of history on the political factor in the unionist movement and Turkish national who was separated from Kemalism and unionists while Mustafa Kemal was a member of the CRF and the Special. Erik Jan Zurcher says that "formal theory of language-sun was an attempt to provide a new solution to the question of the origin of languages" Erik J writes Zurcher. He added that "Atatrk had declared several unintelligible speech in" new language "in 1934 but in 1935 he returned to a more traditional. Thus the movement for the reform of the language it certainly seemed at an impasse, when 1935 was brought to the Turkish public a theory entirely new called "theory of language-sun (Gnes Dil teorisi). But basically "Proponents of the theory argued that if the European linguists could not find acceptable solution to these problems was that they had a grant of attention to linguistic aspects of these questions, and secondly that they ignore the role of Turkish. Turkish was in fact the problem because of all the languages that were closest to the primary language. The missing links which ignorance had prevented European scientists to solve problems glossogonie can be found when analyzing the languages according to the methods of teaching language-sun. The purpose of the "theorists" was not small: the new theory of obsolescence hit all those that had preceded it. The theory does not rest solely or even primarily on linguistic arguments, but arguments on psychological, anthropological and sociological "Basically," said Erik Zurcher "sociological", but forgot to mention problems "prehistoric archaeological, historical and bio psyhological "which form the basis of a racist nature of this theory. Zurcher discovers another romantic theory in its own way "According to the theory," Zurcher said "the human language is only when man began to use his animal noises to symbolize certain objects. In Central Asia among the proto-Turks that the thing happened for the first time. From the research existing animistic religions, theorists contend that the sun has a prominent place in the proto-religion of the Turks and they conclude that the first sound symbol, the first word, was used to designate the sun . These first men then began to define all the objects surrounding them by reference to the sun. Later they began to isolate the different attributes of the sun
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and made from the physical properties of concepts and abstract concepts such as light, heat, movement, distance and time. "This is a fantastic Erik Zurcher J which highlights the ultra racist language of the theory of the Sun of the findings of the first 3rd Congress of Turkish Linguistics. The first Commission after having heard in the plenary sessions of Congress, reading the studies made by Turkish and foreign scholars on the theory "Gunes-Dil" after hearing in closed session, the discussion of members and Turks Aliens of the Commission and their mutual recognition applications and declares: 1-it is an entirely original theory, interesting and deep, capable of determining an important change in the linguistic science:

2-considering that this theory not only the solution of problems strictly linguistic but also of the largest and most difficult among the problems anthropological, archaeological, prehistoric, historical, and bio-psychological. 3 - so far the classical language had not reflect the influence of the sun on the origin of human language and had neglected this principle, however, is paramount. 4-that the research work done by Turkish scholars for the documentation of the theory "Gunes Dil" has been considerable and that the Commission is particularly interested that such studies can lead to stable laws, based on evidence consistent with the scientific methods are regularly prosecuted in the Turks and languages Indo-European that the comparison using the same methods between groups of languages and Turkish Chamito-Semitic, must be deepened to give a new direction in science language. All the foreign members of the Commission shall agree that without a deep and critical study of the Turkish language, all work on the field of languages, IndoEuropean and Semitic-Chamito that on the field of general linguistics are doomed to remain incomplete. a portion of the foreign members of the Commission already aware of the theory "Gunes Dil" were found in agreement with their Turkish colleagues on several points of this new theory and that other foreign scholars have stated that they could not depth in a short time if a topic so broad and they consider it their duty to do so as soon as they return to their respective countries " The Austrian orientalist Kvergi HF was invited by Mustafa Kemal in Dolmabahe on 31 August 1936 to attend the Congress. The original ideas of Kivergi was quoted by Father Ludovic de Besse - Barenton Batenton of "trying to prove that the Sumerian language was essential, by means of an analytical method which recalled the strange theory of language -- sun. That the Sumerians were a people of Turks from Central Asia to settle in Mesopotamia. "The question that arises is whether the
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links between the ideas of De Batenton and Franois Lenormant in his work he studied 1 - The origins, races and languages; II. The Egyptians III. Civilization, manners and monuments of Egypt; IV. The Assyrians and Chaldeans, V. The Chaldean-Assyrian Civilization, the Medes and Persians; VI. Persians, Jews and Chaldeans, Arabs, Phoenicians and Carthaginians, and other research was Lenormant: unpublished cuneiform inscription, we believe that the racist theories developed by Lenormant are rooted in the study on "The Language of the primitive Chaldea and Touranian languages, study of philology and history, followed by a glossary accadien Then he included the letter from Mr d'Abbadie Across the linguistic research carried out by Joseph Vendrys Inscriptions on Cypriot language unknown to our opinion, is not unknown This is not only the Turkish colonialists, but also the Persian and Arab colonialist practice the same policy of linguistic imperialism. According to the Iranian Constitution "Fifteenth Principle language and script of the official and common people of Iran are the Farsi (Persian). Acts, correspondence, official texts and textbooks should be written in that language and writing, but the use of regional and ethnic languages in the press and mass media and the teaching of literature in schools alongside the Persian are free. Sixteenth Principle Since the language of the Koran and Islamic sciences and knowledge is Arabic, and Persian literature is completely saturated, that language must be taught after the primary cycle until the end of secondary education in all classes and in all branches of education. Seventeenth PrincipeLe point of the official calendar of the country is the emigration of the Prophet of Islam (that prayer and God's peace be with him and his family); the calendar of the Hegira solar and lunar Hegira are both valid, but the functioning of government is based on the Hegira solar. The official weekly holiday is Friday. Some reformist Kurdish defending the politics of international II.me reduce the national question in colonial and cultural autonomy, denies the right to selfdetermination of the nation of Kurdistan, they are the balance of the neocolonial state policy of Turkey, Persian, Syrian. The draft self-defended by the Reformers Kurdish pray stability boundaries designated by the imperialist states, remain far from the linguistic and political unification of the country. In the case of the imperialist and colonialist state of Iran, the new constitution adopted in December, 1979, not other things that the consolidation of imperialist and colonialist Persian imposed on non-Persian peoples of Iran to sanctions of political centralization, economic, administrative and cultural life of the country as had been practiced by the Pahlavi state for the culmination of monarchical power. (3) State control of the economy includes oil and other major mineral resources, transport, major industries, banks, foreign trade, energy, etc.. (Article 44).
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Governors of the highest rank (province) to the lowest (rural areas) are appointed from the center (Article 103). Although political organizations are allowed to work (Article 26), the Islamic Republic the decision was only able to operate openly. In addition, the ownership and operation of the influence of the media are the prerogative of the State (Article 175). The most obvious contrast between the old and the new regime is in the field of ideology. A particular brand of Shiism is the official religion (items l and 2), and the state is responsible for the spread of this sect and its Persian-based religious culture in Iran and abroad (Preamble). The Islamic State's approach to the multilingual and multicultural country, with slight differences, a continuation of the old policy regime. According to Article 19 of the Constitution, "color, race, language and should not be a question of privilege." (4) The privilege of official status is granted only Persian, however, the mother tongue of more than 50% of countries in the population. According to Article 15, the agent and the common language and writing of the people of Iran are Persian. Official documents, correspondence and statements and the manuals will be written in that language and writing. As' the Constitution of 12 March 1973, approved by referendum three years after taking power to Hafez al-Assad, Syria has established a strong presidential system in which the president is elected on proposal of the Assembly for a term of seven years. In language, only Article 4 has a provision of language: "Arabic is the official language." Under this single provision, the classical Arabic language is the vehicle for all communications of the Syrian state. In other words, the Constitution of the Syrian Arab Republic adopted by referendum on 12 March 1973 prohibited the Kurdish language. Despite the assertion of principles embodied in the constitution is obviously a function of its consecration by the laws and regulations. But it is not for the Kurds. The exercise of constitutional freedoms and rights are not for the Kurds. Because the constitutionality of laws or draft laws submitted to it by the President of the Republic or a quarter of the members of the Assembly (Art. 139 to 148). As for regulations (Decrees of the President of the Republic, decrees of the Council of Ministers, ministers or administrative authorities, circulars, etc ...) their legality is subject to control by the Council of State (Law No. 55 of February 21 1959) or the courts. The Arabization of the Kurds is a policy of imperialism Arabic. Arabic: as a result of territorial expansion in the Middle Ages and through the dissemination of the Koran, this language became the liturgical language, has spread throughout North Africa and Asia Minor. The Arabization of the Berber of Morocco, Algeria and Libya encounter resistance from people who want language rights. Similarly, in Sudan, where Arab takes the place of English and African languages spoken in the south. ; Under the domination of the Ottoman Empire, the Kurds have practiced Sunni Islam in Arabic and Persian,

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this influence has changed the phonological and morphological structures of the Kurdish language and dialects. (See Annex-1 ) "The detailed exploration of the various Kurdish dialects is, at present, barely begun. Have known that, if their number is considerable, their differences are often minimal, so that these multiple dialects often practically be reduced to a limited number of well characterized dialects. In addition some of these dialects, as zaza, are used in a very small area and very few subjects, and do so not for the literary expression. The Kurdish language, finally appears as divided into two main dialects, Kurmanc (Northern Kurdish) and Soria (Southern Kurdish). The vast majority of Kurds are using either of these dialects, only the truly devoted literary Usage " This linguistic duality, which is superimposed to the Kurds so many other factors of division, forcing Kurdish scholars who want to know and use all the resources of literary language to become familiar with both languages, it further reduces the area of use of rare books published in both dialects which constitutes a further obstacle to the penetration of education in the masses illiterate. The problem of the unification of the language that arises in a pressing concern for the Kurdish scholars develop their national culture. We will see, however, that it is far from being solved. A solution to this problem could apparently be sought in Iraq. It includes, in fact, parts of sori dialect and regional dialect Kurmanc; the Kurdish language is to some extent, language and official language of instruction for the Kurdish territory " However, the question of the unification of the language was not addressed directly in Iraq. Before the award of vilayet Mosul to Iraq in 1925, the vast majority of Kurds in Iraq (Suleimani region) indeed spoke sori. The political importance of Suleiman, center of the Kurdish national movement, attracted the attention of British authorities not only in dialect sori, but also speak in that particular city. Despite its very special character and local imperfection and (2), and because of both the literary movement which li used instrument. General Pierre Rondot's father Philippe Rondot, division general French to be suddenly placed on the front of the media scene in the Clearstream affair, 2 in which the Ravens had tried to manipulate the investigation of the case frigates to Taiwan. Saint-Cyr, a member of the Secret Service, he served in the Middle East and has participated in the creation of Syrian intelligence in Lebanon and the French Mandate in 1928 where he made the acquaintance of princes Celadet Beder Ali Khan and Kamuran Beder Khan "in his diary Pierre Rondot wrote in Damascus
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on 25 - June 1940 I will visit my old friends the Kurds Bederkhan. A home that I went to the heart. I feel a deep attachment. I put the price. I played their game, I kept their secrets, and I was their accomplice "General Pierre Rondot had a huge business analyst, commentator and teacher of all issues affecting the Arab world and Islam . Includes analysis of the Kurdish alphabets. This is the General Pierre Rondot which excluded the Kirmanck-Zaza-Dimil the unification of the Kurdish language in 1928-1936, Member of the French secret service who led the work of the Hawar Journal in collaboration with the British in 1930 on the basis of the work of Volney, Constantin Franois de Chasseboeuf and Jacques de Morgan. Volney, Constantin Franois de Chasseboeuf (1757-1820) Member of the Acadmie Franaise who quoted Quintilian "Do not disdain point as, the letter carefully ... because if you scan their mysterious folds, you'll leave a lot of subtle issues that can not only to exercise the children, but to embarrass the most scholarly minds and deepest "This question by Izady has been interpreted by Volney ago more than two centuries. According Volney "At the time of my first test (1795) I had no idea of the alphabets of India, Japan, China, I did not dare or could relate my views to a universal alphabet although I already feel the power of this great vechicule light and civilization, but during my stay in the USA (1795 1798) I added the English language and m'et opened the treasures of your Asian literature I designed not only possible but also the ease and urgency to establish promptly a single system of letters, through which the multitude of languages or dialects could read, register, print, without the 'unnecessary restores so many different signs for a similar fund. " Volney said "This volume consists of three distinct parts, the first I established definitions and principles of both general system sounds, spoken of the system of letters or signs intended to be, despite all that we has written on this subject ... Basic. In the second part I review all the pronunciations used in our European languages I do not see more than ten to twenty-nine vowels and thirty-two consonants, including two aspirations, to paint these two are elements, it did need two to fifty fifty four signs or letters: the Roman alphabet that do twenty five or twenty-six is not enough, but because it has the valuable advantage of being spread throughout Europe, in America, and all your possessions and colonies "We find in the book of Volney extract a prayer in Latin General Pierre Rondot said "Nevertheless, France, has even done something for the Kurds" It is true France has split with the Sykes Picot Treaty Kurdistan sharing with English imperialism. France has forced the deportation of Kurdish intellectuals were sent to exile in Madagascar, it has officially banned the practice of the Kurdish language. According to Rondot said "The English have played the map Arabic. They have not addressed the Kurdistan until the Armistice and therefore
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they have not had the opportunity to play the Kurdish card. According to Rondot, "the English that can be said to have made sacrifices for the Kurds if they had been able to do themselves and help themselves, the English did not hesitate to abandon the Kurds" . But French imperialism has not only divided and colonized Kurdistan, but they bombed and massacred before the eyes of the French. The analysis of Mr Rondot is not clear on the colonial English and French, but he expressed his sympathy for the Kurdish people, it was wrong to be pessimistic for the future of Kurdistan. In 1939 Pierre Rondot said, "Shortly after the formation of the Syrian state under French mandate (1920-46), the Kurds demanded autonomy within the borders of the country. A petition to the Constituent Assembly of Syria on 23 June, 1928 included the following demands: 1. The use of the Kurdish language in the Kurdish regions, in conjunction with other official languages, 2. The Kurdish language education in these regions; 3. Replacement of government employees in these regions by the Kurds. "The mandate authorities did not support self-management in this part of Syria. One reason was Turkish and Iraqi intolerance an autonomous Kurdish territory on their border (ibid., p. 106). According to an official mandate, Rondot, the use of the Kurdish language was free without being official in the region. However, the lack of school materials in the language and the lack of demand has been the organization of education difficult. " Speaking of General Rondot, Jordi Tejel Gorgas, said that the Kurds are not a nation of 40 million souls. Mr Jordi is wrong to say that "the creation of a Kurdish state is therefore not an absolute priority Kurdish elites in the early 1920s. From this point of view, the revolt Kocgiri in 1921 is an exception "He denies the proclamation of independent Kurdistan Government. He added "The rebels captured the town of the city of Umraniye on 7 March and hoist the flag of Kurdistan in the square centrale.En reaction, Ankara promulgate martial law in the region. The decision to temper the enthusiasm for autonomy: the independence of Kurdistan is left aside in exchange for a vilayet autonomous only in the cazas of Kocgiri "That is false. First, this approach to M Jordi shows that he has never read the statement of the proclamation of independent Kurdistan Government dated 6 March 1921, not March. Then M Jordi rest beside the colonialist policy of Mustafa Kemal. In this regard Mr Jordi had to consult the archives of the General Staff of the Army to see how Mustafa Kemal Sex Senoussi instructed to read fetwas Mosques in Sivas for exetrmination Kurds and the other hand, he sent Diab Axa MPP Dersim that al resistance Kocgiri removal of weapons. It is the imperialist policy of Mustafa Kemal. Contrary to the thinking of Mr. Jordi, "the independence of Kurdistan" proclaimed by the resistance of Kocgiri not only with local demands. Mr Jordi denies use of chemical gas against the civilian population by Kemalists. M
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Jordi never consulted secret accounts of the National Assembly of Turkey on the genocide of Kocgiri. Jordi not talking about death sentences of 360 resistant, first of Alisher Efendi. Not a word about the strength of Dersim, not a word about the support of French imperialism, French, German, Russian given to the colonialist and imperialist state in Turkey. Let the practices prohibited by the Constitution of Turkey, Iran and Syria for the Kurdish language that are opposed to the UNESCO Convention which is both a denial and at the same time another falsification of view of the contradiction: B) peoples in independent countries who are regarded as indigenous on account of their descent from the populations which inhabited the country, or a geographical region to which the country belongs, at the time of conquest or colonization or establishing the present boundaries of the State, and, whatever their legal status, retain their social, economic, cultural and political institutions or some of them. 2. Self-identification as indigenous or tribal shall be regarded as a fundamental criterion for determining the groups to which the provisions of this Convention. 3. The use of the term peoples in this Convention shall in no way be interpreted as having any implications whatsoever about the rights which may attach to the term under international law. " However, UNESCO promotes the colonial policy of the imperialist system under Article 2 1. It is up to governments, with the participation of the peoples concerned, to develop a coordinated and systematic action to protect the rights of indigenous peoples and ensure their integrity. 2. Such action shall include measures to: a) ensure that members of these peoples benefit on an equal rights and opportunities which national laws and regulations grant to other members of the population; b) promoting the full realization of social, economic and cultural rights of these peoples with respect for their social and cultural identity, their customs and traditions and their institutions; c) assisting the members of these peoples to eliminate socio-economic gaps that may exist between members of indigenous and other members of the national community, consistent with their aspirations and lifestyle. " This neo-colonial policy of UNESCO sacrificing the rights of peoples to self Similarly, the reduction of the integration of oppressed peoples to the policy of the globalization of capitalist and imperialist system. For Article 3 remains empty. One wonders why UNESCO seeks "special measures must be adopted, as appropriate for safeguarding the persons, institutions, property, labor, culture and environment of the peoples concerned. Such special measures shall not be contrary to the freely
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expressed wishes of the peoples concerned. These measures should not infringe on the enjoyment, without discrimination, the general rights that attach to the quality of citizen. While these people do not want to be citizens of the colonialists and imperialists. This is a reductionist peoples, rights relating to the early integration imperialist. By denying the right of peoples to self-determination UNESCO seeks a new system of slavery under Article 5 "recognize and protect the values and social practices, cultural, religious and spiritual needs of these people and take due regard to the nature of the problems confronting them, as groups and as individuals. " Why this policy of hypocrisy? Why Article 7 requires absolute dependence of the peoples oppressed neocolonial system?

"The peoples concerned shall have the right to decide their own priorities regarding the development process, since it has an impact on their lives, beliefs, institutions and spiritual well-being and lands they occupy or use in another manner, and exercise as much control as possible over their own economic, social and cultural development. In addition, they shall participate in the development, implementation and evaluation of plans and programs for national and regional development which may affect them directly. " First with the neo-colonial system of UNESCO, the oppressed peoples do not benefit from protection against the violation of colonialist and imperialist states. The colonial government never respect of the special importance for culture and spiritual values of oppressed peoples. Without the right to self-determination, land use is impossible. Therefore, the UNESCO Convention is also a policy of linguistic imperialism, which applies linguistic genocide. Dr Ali KILIC Paris 29 09 2012

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