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In an ultra-high-vacuum system, the pressure is measured to be 1 x 10-10 torr (where 1 torr = 133 Pa). Assuming the molecular diameter is 3 x 10-10 m, the average molecular speed is 500 m/s, and the temperature is 300 K, find (a) the number of molecules in a volume of 1.00 m3, (b) the mean free path of the molecules, and (c) the collision frequency. Calculate the most probable, the mean, and the root mean square velocities of a molecule of a gas whose density under standard atmospheric pressure is equal to p = 1.00 g/1. From the MaxwellBoltzmann speed distribution, find expression for the most probable speed of a gas molecule. Note that the most probable speed corresponds to the point at which the slope of the speed distribution curve dNv /dv is zero. Show that the mean free path for the molecules of an ideal gas is

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where d is the molecular diameter.

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On the PV diagram for an ideal gas, one isothermal curve and one adiabatic curve pass through each point. Prove that the slope of the adiabat is steeper than the slope of the isotherm by the factor Argon gas at atmospheric pressure and 20.0C is confined in a 1.00 m3 vessel. The effective hard-sphere diameter of the argon atom is 3.10 x 10-10 m. (a) Determine the mean free path. (b) Find the pressure when mean free path is 1.00 m. A distribution is shown below for CO2 gas at two temperatures: 100 K and 600 K. Identify the respective distribution and justify your answer.

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Consider the qualitative shapes of the two curves in the above figure, without regard for the numerical values or labels in the graph. Suppose you have two containers of gas at the same temperature. Container A has 105 nitrogen molecules and container B has 105 hydrogen molecules. Give a proper matching between the containers and the curves. Justify.

8. Water vapor is at the pressure of P = 101.325 kPa and the temperature of T = 25oC. (a) If this vapor behaved ideally, what would be its molar volume? (b) However, when the molar volume was actually measured at this condition, it was 18 L/mol, which was different from our expectation in (a). Based on the results, find which interaction, repulsions or attractions, are dominant in the intermolecular interactions between water molecules at this condition. 9. The gas in a container exerts a pressure of 125 kPa at 18oC. What would be the pressure of this can, if the temperature rose to 700oC. Assume that the gas behaves perfectly and that the can does not melt up to 700oC. 10. (a) Draw the Maxwell-Boltzmann distribution (number of molecules versus molecular speed) for He, Ar and Xe. (b) Calculate the rms speed for both gases at 25 C