METRANS: National Urban Freight Conference Track 1D Models for Urban Goods Movement Assessing Urban Freight

Integration of Logistics Strategies in Urban Transport Models

Hamburg University of Technology Institute for Transport Planning and Logistics PhD-candidate Sonja Lwa, Prof. Dr.-Ing. Heike Flmig Los Angeles, USA, 13.10.2011

1 (12) Heike Flmig

Starting point
In Germany three freight transport models are used [WIVER, VISEVA-W, VENUS]. Reasons for this kind of standardisation: Based on passenger transport modelling > people now, how to use it. No money for new models. [No money for collecting a large data basis.] Research question of this paper/presentation: How to improve this established models? How does the freight transport system is influenced by logistics strategies?

2 (12) Heike Flmig

All state-of-practice urban freight transport models in Germany

including the movement of people and goods, but also empty vehicle tours based on the four-step-algorithm
trip generation, trip distribution, mode choice, route assignment

additionally: tour building are aggregated models modelling vehicle movement (instead of goods movement) using a network to calculate generalized costs from each transport cell savings algorithm behavioural data land use data
3 (12) Heike Flmig

Data commonly used in urban freight transport models

Step demand generation Behavioral input data share of driving active employee per sector number of trips by driving active employee share of transport purpose per sector and vehicle type sensitivity to distance per sector destinations of tours per sector and vehicle type distribution of tours purposes by sector and vehicle type share of saving per sector and vehicle type diurnal distribution per sector and vehicle type value of distance, value of time, value of congestion charge Land use input data on the level of traffic cells number of employee per sector retail space [m] number of inhabitants

demand distribution

tour building

lorry, port and rail terminals logistic nodes

network assignment

Rail, street, ship and airplane network and their capacities and limitation logistic nodes

4 (12) Heike Flmig

What are the models be sensitive off?

category land use infrastructure measure taken changes in business structure building of new streets new hubs, e.g. wholesale center, terminals congestion charge energy prices more efficient transport implementation number of employee by business of traffic cell adjustment of network model adjustment of network model with cell characteristics adjustment of road and rail network to connect new infrastructure to the present one parameter in generalized costs value of distance loading factors of transport vehicle saving factors trip rates of sector and vehicle types assumed changes in saving share average transport volume by good class and lorry type new traffic systems value of distance adjusting the street classification regarding the permission of certain vehicle types on selected street types diurnal distribution

traffic costs behaviour

business and logistics technologies federal law

more efficient transport organization different car types, engines prohibition of certain car types in living areas Shift of working hours

5 (12) Heike Flmig

What are the models be sensitive off?

category land use infrastructure measure taken changes in business structure building of new streets new hubs, e.g. wholesale center, Is there a need terminals implementation number of employee by business of traffic cell adjustment of network model adjustment of network model with cell to characteristics business modelling adjustment of road and rail network to connect decisions before transport taken place?one new infrastructure to the present congestion charge What is about the parameter in generalized costs production system of energy prices value of distance the forwarding loading factors of transport vehicle more efficient transport industry? saving factors trip rates of sector and vehicle types more efficient transport assumed changes in saving share organization average transport volume by good class and lorry type different car types, new traffic systems engines value of distance prohibition of certain adjusting the street classification regarding the car types in living areas permission of certain vehicle types on selected street types Shift of working hours diurnal distribution

traffic costs behaviour

business and logistics technologies federal law

6 (12) Heike Flmig

Supply Chain Decision-Making Framework

Competitive Strategy

Supply Chain Strategy

Efficiency Supply Chain Structure

Responsiveness

Facilities

Inventory

Transportation

Information

The supply chain structure is directly connected with the steering scheme: resource or flow oriented push or pull oriented
Source: Chopra/Meindl 2004, p. 53
7 (12) Heike Flmig

Principles of steering: resource or flow oriented

Resource oriented (capacity) In Out

Ressource A Flow oriented (time)

Ressource B

Ressource C

flow 1 In flow 2 flow 3

8 (12) Heike Flmig

Out

Principles of steering: push or pull oriented

Point of customer order (PCO)

Push

Make to order

Pull Make to stock

storage manipulation

9 (12) Heike Flmig

Networks for overcoming space and time: Systems of good flows

Point of shipment (goods provision) Break bulk point Consolidation point

Point of reception (goods utilisation)

direct goods flow single-level system

indirect goods flow multi-level system Combination of direct and indirect good flows systems

Hub-and-spoke-structure Shuttle transport (between two, three or more logistics nodes) exchange transport, X-docking
10 (12) Heike Flmig

Critical reflection of the common assumption in the models and the reality (forgotten decisions)
shipper, consignor Steering principles have influence on, e.g. large or small flows of goods at one time (shipment size) distance between the end-production and the consumer Type of production system have influence on, e.g. mass production (less employees) The intelligent of goods freight forwarder, carrier Network structure

11 (12) Heike Flmig

Conclusions: First suggestion for the integration

The steering principle give probabilities of the kind of production system: individual or mass. A disaggregation is necessary that each company is modelled individual (see the concept of deJong). Not every destination is of interest in a delivery tour as suggested in the state-of-practice models. Handling deconsolidation and consolidation points has to be modelled as a traffic generation unit rather than a handling point.

12 (12) Heike Flmig