Professional Documents
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Table of Contents
ABSTRACT ........................................................................................................................................ 2 INTRODUCTION ................................................................................................................................ 3 Case 1: Rin vs. Tide ...................................................................................................................... 5 Case 2: Horlicks vs. Complan ....................................................................................................... 8 Case 3: Coca Cola vs. Pepsi ..................................................................................................... 11 Case 4: BMW vs. Audi ................................................................................................................ 14 Case 5: Pantene vs. Dove .......................................................................................................... 20 Case 6: Jet Airways vs. Kingfisher Airlines .............................................................................. 23 CONCLUSION................................................................................................................................... 25 BIBLIOGRAPHY ................................................................................................................................ 26 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT .................................................................................................................... 27
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ABSTRACT
The purpose of this study is to identify the advertising and marketing strategies adopted by leading brands during a situation of a brand war. The aim was to study the brand wars and identify what and how the organization manages to grab the customers attention. We read about a brief history about the brand, the reason for the brand war taking place, the actual competitive advertisements and the marketing strategies used by the companies.
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INTRODUCTION
With growing compeition there is a greater need to attract and retain consumer attention hence companies rely on marketing techniques that compares the products or services of one undertaking with those of other competitors. Its basic aim is to deliver superior customer value and it is designed to highlight the advantages of the goods or services offered by the advertiser as compared to those of a competitor. The customers are continiously bombarded with general information. Its difficult for a marketer to remain in the mind of the competitor. Brand warfare drives sales by comparing the features or services of a brand with that of its closest competitor for a better product offering. Brand warfare strategies or competative advertising are types of strategies, used in business and marketing, that try to draw parallels between business and warfare, and then apply the principles of military strategy to marketing situations, with competing firms considered as analogous to sides in a military conflict, and market share considered as analogous to the territory which is being fought over. This usually takes place in a mature, low-growth market, and when real GDP growth is negative or low, business operates as a zero-sum game because one persons gain is possible only at another persons expense. Success depends on battling competitors for market share. It started with the notorious cola and detergent wars, and then led to corporate biggies in the consumer product space washing their dirty linen in public. Comparative advertising is not a new phenomenon in corporate India; it has ruffled many a feather in the past. Though there is no compelling evidence in support of the proposition that such advertisingwhere one brand makes random attacks or disparaging comments about its rivalshelps brands in any way, leading companies continue to indulge in such tactics. In the past decade, there have been several instances of leading brands taking to authorities in retaliation against what they thought was offensive advertising on the part of their rivals. Leading textiles firm Raymond Ltd, for instance, found footwear retailer Metro Shoes Ltds new commercial in bad taste. The commercial showed a man wearing a suit with no shoes on, followed with a tag line that said: The Incomplete Man. This got Raymond upset because it was in direct conflict with its decade-old sloganThe Complete Man. Raymond, in an official communication to Metro Shoes, alleged that the advertisement is a clear evidence of mal-intent and deliberate denigration of the Raymond brand ,with the ad being poorly executed. It asked Metro Shoes to either withdraw the advertisement or face legal action. In retaliation, Metro Shoes went to the Advertising Standard Council of India (ASCI), a self regulatory body of the advertising industry, asking it to settle the controversy. The idea was to convey that a person without shoes is incomplete. There is no mal-intent
4|Page behind the ad because Raymonds product line is completely different from ours, said Sohel Kamdar, vice-president, Metro Shoes. ASCI is looking into the matter. In a similar episode, Wipro Consumer Care and Lightingand Godrej Consumer Products Ltd, both leading consumer products companies, filed suits against each other in the courts alleging wrongful advertising on each others part. First, Wipro Ltd got an injunction from a Hyderabad court on an ad by Godrej, which claimed its soap brand Godrej No. 1s leadership over rivals such as Santoor soap, a Wipro brand. Wipro cried foul citing the ad to be unfair, unethical, incorrect and misleading. A week later, Godrej challenged Wipro for advertising its liquid detergent brand Wipro SafeWash, which claimed supremacy over Godrejs own brand Ezee. The Punjab court, where the company filed the case, passed an interim injunction restraining Wipro from continuing the controversial ad. Organizations engage in brand wars to generate massive attention, engage their audiances and attract large number of eyeballs. Its main aim is to make certain claims that they are better than their competitors. Also its a creative way to show that competitors claims are invalid and rubbish. On the positive side, the brand gives their customers reasons why they are better than the other products. They make their brand stand out from amongst the clutter. Dropping the name of a competitor can be a way to capitalize off of the accomplishments of another brand, and take it in a fresh (or at least different) direction. The brand lets the market know that they are part of the market. One negative aspect of this kind of ad campaign is that the brand is putting the competitors brand in the minds of the potential customers. Depending on the nature of the campaign, it could be looked upon as a lack of class on the companies part if they are insulting their competitors in the ads. This can negatively impact the business. On the face of it, such aggressive tactics may seem damaging for brands, specially the aggressors, but some marketing experts say it actually helps them get immediate consumer attention. We will now look at a few examples of competitive advertising:
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The War
Initially Tide was trailing behind Rin but since 2007, sales picked up, and its market share rose posing a threat to HUL whose share started eroding. In December 2009, P&G Home Products introduced Tide Natural, a new version of Tide, at a price lower than HULs Rin brand targeted at the rural segment. Competitive intensity had increased after the launch of Tide Naturals by P&G in the mass segment. HUL had responded with aggressive price cuts in Rin and a formulation change and thus the war begins. In Jan 2004 new Rin powder was launched with double whiteness proposition. Rin was priced at Rs. 42 for 1 kg pack, and Rs. 20 for 500 gms and Rs. 10 for 250 grams. Seeing the bold & confident move from Hul and realizing that pricing being of one reason for not being accepted by market even P&G slashed the prices of Tide. The Price was brought down to Rs. 23 for 500 gms as against previous price of Rs. 43, Rs. 50 for 750 gms as against Rs. 70. There was a proxy war going on between Rin and Tide since December 2009. In order to retain its market share, in December P&G introduced a low-cost detergent, Tide Natural, claiming in its ads that it provided "whiteness with special fragrance". The product was positioned against HUL's Rin and Wheel. Tide Naturals was priced significantly lower to the Rin. Tide Naturals was launched at Rs 50 per Kg , Rs 10 for 200 gms and Rs 20 for400 gms. Rin was priced at Rs 70 per Kg at that time. The reduced price of the Tide variant was an immediate threat to Rin. Since Tide already has an established brand equity, Rin was bound to face the heat. Although HUL had
6|Page another low priced brand Wheel priced at Rs 32/Kg, Tide was not in the same category of Wheel. Rin had to cut the price to erosion in the market share brand faced a market share war, HUL had to react and resist the market share erosion. HUL was facing steady in most of the categories. In the detergent category itself, the fall of 2.5% in December 2009. With P&G starting a price it did by cutting the price of Rin by 30% to Rs 50 per Kg.
The Ad Campaign
The Ad Campaign Rin launched a commercial in 2010 comparing Rin and Tide naturals. The ad shows two mothers waiting at a bus stop for their children, who are returning from school. They spot each other's shopping baskets - one woman's basket sports a packet of Rin, while the other has purchased Tide Naturals. The Tide lady looks proudly at her purchase and brags about Tide's 'khushboo aur safedi bhi' offering (fragrance combined with whiteness). The Rin lady simply smiles. When the school bus rounds the corner and drops off the two children, the Tide lady's boy is wearing a visibly dull shirt, while behind him emerges a boy clad in a spotless white shirt, who runs past the shocked Tide lady, over to his 'Rin' mother. To make things cheekier, the boy asks his mother, 'Aunty chaunk kyun gayi?' (Why is aunty so shocked?), where the word 'chaunk' could easily be a reference to Tide's punch line, 'Chaunk gaye?' The voiceover concludes that Rin is 'behtar' or superior to Tide, when it comes to whiteness, and at a 'chaunkane wala' price of Rs 25, at that. A super, 'Issued in the interest of Rin users', completes the commercial.
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Marketing Strategy
The price wars enabled P&G to popularize the brand and increase the penetration. Tide had found its formula highlighting its whitening power against HULs Rin which has the same positioning. On the other hand war entered a new episode when HUL launched its RIN SAFEDI KI CHALLENGE campaign. Apart from this there is also a layer of celebrity power in the form of bollywood actor Kajol as an additional punch. Soon after this advertisement, as expected, P&G proceeded to Advertising Standards Council of India (ASCI), the industry watchdog that regulates all advertising in the country, and got a ban on this Ad. It seems, P&G has also filed a lawsuit against HULs disparaging advertisement.As a ripple effect, HUL filed a case against P&G, claiming P&Gs Tide Naturals detergent branding is misleading as it says it has natural ingredients like Sandal and Lemon. And as expected, P&G had to take the back fire as it had to admit that its low-priced detergent brand Tide Naturals contains no natural ingredients. So, the Madras High Court issued an order to P&G to modify its advertising for Tide Naturals to clarify prominently to consumers that the detergent does not contain lemon and chandan. The Rin advertisement is clearly the most disparaging in the history of HUL (and in the country as well), which is desperate to check a decline in its market share to rivals and smaller regional players.
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Marketing Strategy
Earlier Horlicks believed, white drinks are for the entire family in contrast to the browns, whose prime target audience is children. It targets mothers for its nourishment and kids for its great taste and variety. Horlicks initially positioned itself as food for convalescing and a nutrient supplement for kids only. Later on it introduced other variants to reposition itself from children segment to other segments. It repositioned itself as complete nutritional drink. It again improved itself to TALLER, STRONGER, SHARPER. It soon came up with Junior Horlicks, Mothers Horlicks and Horlicks Lite thereby pulling in new customers. Complan mainly target growing children because children need adequate and balanced nutrition to help them achieve their maximum growth potential. Complan is also ideal for busy adults (especially housewives and rushed office-goers), expectant and nursing mother, elderly people and athletes. Complan proclaims itself as a Complete Planned Food for growth with 23 nutrients. Later it gave up its comparative positioning & tried to match the product claim & the customer needs. It repositioned itself as a drink fulfilling the nourishment needs of people who cannot or do not eat enough.
The Ad Campaign
Complan had never been an aggressive player compared to the market leader Horlicks. This explains the reason why such a powerful brand is languishing in a distant position of 15% market share compared to the 60% share of Horlicks. While Horlicks has been breaking new grounds with a series of variants aiming at the entire family segment, Complan was lying low all these years. The major happening for
9|Page this brand in 2008 was the launch of the new flavour Kesari Badam. In the promotional front, the brand was in a low key mode continuing with the extension of its earlier campaign focusing on EXTRA growth.
Complan has put a direct comparison with Horlicks by showing Horlicks brand on the ad and then comparing the various attributes. In most of the comparative ads, the name of competing brands will not be directly mentioned to avoid litigation. The ads will either use letters or dummies for comparison. The ad copy asks the readers to choose between the "low cost health drink " and " Complete Growth. Then the ad talks about why Complan is better than Horlicks by comparing both in the parameters like main ingredients, protein content protein quality and number of nutrients. The ad also reinforces the new positioning Grow Twice Faster ". Complan is also ran a TVC around the same theme. The TVC is almost a Cut- Copy of the Horlicks earlier campaign of Taller, Sharper, Stronger ". The ad shows the beforeafter results of two samples and claim that Complan users grow two times more than the non-users. The ad spoke of the high price of Complan and was claiming that Horlicks had more than 23 nutrients but costs less than Complan. The Complan boy goes on to say, Mine makes me Taller' with the show of measuring up the height on one's shoulder at the Complan ads, the Horlicks boy replies, MINE MAKES ME TALLER, STRONGER & SHARPER . The Complan boy then says, MINE COSTS RS. 170 and the Horlicks boy replies, MINE COSTS ONLY RS. 131. Horlicks thus highlighted the nutritional content and price gap between the two brands, and showed Horlicks as a better and more inexpensive health drink. In another TVC the as starts by a mother wondering - "Is it true that Complan makes kids grow faster (than Horlicks)?" It bugs her so much she decides to check it out for herself. She goes out and collects a bunch of other concerned mothers like herself. All of them march towards The Center for Health and. An official looking doctor greets them. The man raises both hands to pacify the mob of mothers. "We've done scientific tests" he assures the mothers. "We gave one group of kids Complan and another group of kids that other drink. And we found that the kids who
10 | P a g e drank Complan grew twice as much as the other kids". While the doctor is talking, scenes of doctors measuring the height of kids are shown. Later the concerned mother looks at the camera and joyously announces: "Get ready for your kids to grow twice as fast!"
The advertisements talked about how their respective brand was better than the other and showed the competitor's product in bad light when compared to the company's products. In September 2008, Heinz moved the Bombay High Court objecting to advertisements of Horlicks which highlighted the nutritional content and price gap between the two brands, and showed Horlicks as a better and more inexpensive health drink than Complan. The advertisement showed the competitor brand clearly while making the comparison. Heinz later followed up with its own ad comparing Horlicks unfavourably with Complan. This prompted GSK to file a case in the Delhi High Court in December 2008 claiming that the ad released by Heinz disparaged its brand by calling it low priced, and thereby damaging its reputation. Experts felt that in their quest to outdo their rivals, advertisers resort to comparative advertising and at times ends up denigrating the competitor brand. Some analysts felt that companies resorted to comparative advertising to gain publicity and to increase sale. Though both the companies backed their claims with scientific research data, they were still locked in a legal battle. Issues of disparaging ads by rival companies were often resolved by the ASCI. But with constant mudslinging at each other, the two companies decided to battle it out in the courts instead.
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The War
When Coke re-entered India, it found Pepsi had already established itself in the soft drinks market. The global advertisement wars between the cola giants quickly spread to India as well. Internationally, Pepsi had always been seen as the more aggressive and offensive of the two, and its advertisements the world over were believed to be more popular than Coke's.
Pepsi beat Coke in the Diet-Cola segment, as it managed to launch Diet Pepsi much before Coke could launch Diet Coke. After the Government gave clearance to the use of Aspartame and Acesul fame-K (potassium) in combination (ASK), for use in low-calorie soft drinks, Pepsi officials lost no time in rolling out Diet Pepsi at its Roha plant and sending it to retail outlets in Mumbai.
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Pepsi and Coke fought the war on a new turf. Pepsi filed a petition against Coke alleging that Coke had 'entered into a conspiracy to disrupt its business operations. Coke was accused of luring away three of Pepsi's key sales personnel from Kanpur, going as far as to offer Rs 10 lakh a year in pay and perks to one of them, almost five times what Pepsi was paying him. Sales personnel who were earning Rs 48,000 per annum were offered Rs 1.86 lakh a year. Coke launched Thumps Up in blue cans, with four different pictures depicting macho sports' such as sky diving, surfing, wind-surfing and snow-boarding. Much to Pepsi's chagrin, the cans were coloured blue - the colour Pepsi had chosen for its identity a month earlier, in response to Coke's 'red' identity. There were frequent complaints from both the players about their bottlers and retailers being hijacked. Pepsi's blue painted retail outlets being painted in Coke's red colour overnight and vice-versa was a common phenomenon in the 1990s
Coke also turned its attention to Pepsi's stronghold. Coke doubled its reach to a reported 5 lakh outlets, when Pepsi was present at only 3.5 lakh outlets. To reach out to smaller markets, interceptor units in the form of mobile vans were also launched by Coke in 1998 in Andhra Pradesh, Tamil Nadu and West Bengal .However, in its rush to beat Pepsi at the retail game, Coke seemed to have faltered on the service front. For instance, many shops in Uttar Pradesh frequently ran out of stock and there was no servicing for Coke's coolers.
Marketing Strategies
One important thing must be noticed that Thumps Up is a strong brand in western and southern India, while Coca Cola is strong in Northern and Eastern India. With volumes of Thumps Up being low in the capital, there are likely chances of Coca Cola slashing the prices of Thumps Up and continue to sell Coca Cola at the same rate. Analysts feel that this strategy may help Coke since it has 2 Cola brands in comparison to Pepsi which has just one.
13 | P a g e Thumps Up accounts for 40% of Coca Cola company's turn over, followed by Coca Cola which has a 23% share and Limca which accounts for 17% of the turnover of the company. Coca Cola India has positioned Thumps up as a beverage associated with adventure because of its strong taste and also making it compete with Pepsi as even Pepsi is associated with adventure, youth.
Coke may have gained an early advantage over Pepsi since it took over Parle in 1994. Hence, it had ready access to over 2, 00,000 retailer outlets and 60 bottlers. Coke was had a better distribution network, owing to the wide network of Parle drinks all over India. Coke has further expanded its distribution network. Coke and its product were available in over 2, 50,000 outlets (in contrast with Pepsi's 2, 00,000). Coke has a greater advantage in terms of geographical coverage.It must be remembered that soft drinks purchases are an "impulse buy low involvement products" which makes promotion and advertising an important marketing tool. The 2 arch rivals have spent a lot on advertising and on promotional activities. To promote a brand and even to spend a lot on advertising, the company must be aware of the perceived quality of the brand, its brand power (if at all there is) since consumers make purchase decision based on their perceptions of value i.e., of quality relative to price.
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Billboards
It all started with a billboard in Los Angeles, CA. This seemingly innocent ad along Santa Monica Blvd. started a steady game of advertising one-upmanship that has included different media, and has even spread around the world.
The battle began in California last April when Audi erected a billboard for the new Audi A4 with the caption Chess? No Thanks, Id rather be driving.
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But that billboard soon changed with the more snarky addition of Your Move, BMW.
Sure enough, BMW did make a big move, with a new billboard directly across the street. Adorning the new BMW M3, the ad simply said Checkmate. Even though it wasnt purchased by Los Angeles BMW, it was still a topic of conversation. Audi responded with a new billboard showing the incredible Audi R8. The caption on the billboard read Time to check your luxury badge. It may have expired.
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17 | P a g e bought around news -- FOX News, CNN, CNBC and MSNBC -- and general entertainment on networks such as TNT, TBS and USA.
The company's YouTube page has been branded the new BMW TV. It features a collection of BMW television ads, branded short-form videos and racing and driving footage of all of the company's models. The featured video shows the travels of 12 Canadian BMW enthusiasts who were given the chance to drive their favourite BMW models on the high speed motorways across Europe. Audi took a big position in Yahoo during the FIFA World Cup and was the exclusive sponsor for Yahoo's coverage of the entire month long sporting event. Both ran schedules on endemic automotive sites such as Edmunds.com, AutoWeek, Auto Trends, Car and Driver and Auto Trader.
Audi's Facebook page currently features an online petition to bring Audi's TT RS model into the U.S market. Its YouTube page has several driving videos of Audi models and some of the company's most recent commercials.
18 | P a g e To generate buzz for its Green Police Super Bowl spot, Audi hosted the "Audi Efficiency Challenge" during Super Bowl weekend. The challenge pitched influential journalists against NFL players, including Chad Henne of the Miami Dolphins and Osi Umenyiora of the New York Giants, in a race to determine who could achieve the best fuel-efficiency in the Audi Q7 TDI clean diesel SUV while driving from Audi headquarters in Herndon, Va., to Miami. Each participant's progress was tracked on Facebook and Twitter.
Mobile
Mobile apps have become a new plaything for marketers and, you would have to believe, a worthwhile channel to engage a significant number of the right target customers. Kudos to both BMW and Audi for maintaining a rich depth of related apps and podcasts on the iPhone, iTouch and iPad platforms. They produce a variety of podcasts, video content, brand experiences and related news content for their enthusiasts. I feel BMW has a slightly richer level of content through BMW magazine's iPad apps and BMW TV podcasts. The BMW Z4 features a 360 degree view of the new Z4 roadster, which does a nice job for the brand. I also liked its Motorsport Le Mans 2010 app which was populated with some rich content.
Audi's A4 Driving Challenge driving simulation, one of its most popular gaming apps, had good graphics but, I have to admit, leaves me a little dizzy. While video and interactive experiences are the vogue, I would have liked to have seen some quality audio. I'm sure many drivers who are able to connect their iPods to their cars' audio systems would be open to listening to some content that adds to their driving experience.
Magazine
To promote the Joy launch, BMW ran a series of spreads in January issues of Conde Nast titles such as Bon Appetite, Conde Nast Traveler, GQ, Vanity Fair, W, Wired and The New Yorker. A notable print execution of the campaign was a custom four-page spread in Vanity Fair's March Hollywood issue featuring vintage images of Elvis and his BMW 507 under the title "Joy is Timeless."
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Much of Audi's print focus has been centred around its Sportscar Experience Driving School. Audi tends to focus on endemic automobile and racing publications.
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The Ad Campaign
The top shampoo brands in India include Sunsilk, Clinic Plus, Dove and Pantene. The company that leads the shampoo market in India is Hindustan Unilever Limited. The top three most sought after brands Sunsilk, Dove and Clinic are produced by HUL. The company holds a 44% market share in the Indian shampoo industry. It is said that HUL earns almost 8% of its revenue from the sale of these products The other recent brand that has taken the Indian personal care industry by storm is Pantene. Since its very inception the brand was a best seller. A product of FMCG giants Proctor and Gamble Pantene has slowly and steadily managed to capture quite a large amount of the Indian market. Proctor and Gamble the second top shampoo brand in India holds a market share of around 25% in the Indian shampoo industry.
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The story starts on July 23, when Mumbai woke up to hoardings that screamed: A Mystery Shampoo!! 80% women say is better than anything else. P&G, it was later found, was planning to unveil the new Pantene on August 1. It was a high-profile multimedia effort using hoardings, TV and the social network. Actors Katrina Kaif, Neha Dhupia and Shilpa Shetty were crowing on social network sites about how good the shampoo is, and posted their transformed looks on various sites, and how happy they were to sign on this brand as endorsers, and how soon the mystery would be out. In 2008 P & G did something similar in the US for Pantene. The campaign was hijacked by HUL, and exactly five days later, and well before Procter & Gamble could unveil its Pantene brand, a new set of hoardings appeared in Mumbai declaring There is no mystery. Dove is the No. 1 shampoo. The thunder of the mystery seems to have been stolen. It was a very futile and unfortunate event for Proctor & Gamble.
With HULs new ad campaign hitting the media last week, other shampoo majors are expected to take action against HULs television campaign which shows how dandruff returns after washing with leading shampoos, predict industry analysts. Call it the clear case of comparative advertising. Last year, HUL had launched a comparative ad campaign with the ad line Dove is No. 1 Shampoo to take on P&Gs Pantene's relaunch advertising campaign in multi -media. Clearly, an ad war is brewing in the branded shampoos sector. When the suits at HUL found out, they saw an opportunity to score a point. They ambushed P&G. On July 28, even as the P&G hoardings stood tall on its skyline, Mumbai woke up to another hoarding that was upfront, and suggestive of its source of inspiration. It said: There is no mystery. Dove is the No.1 shampoo. Dove is one of the four brands in HULs shampoo portfolio.
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Procter & Gamble has three shampoo brands in India: Pantene, Head & Shoulders, and Rejoice. And Dove is one of the four brands in HULs shampoo portfolio, the others being Sunsilk, Clinic Plus and Clinic All Clear. Ironically, the leadership claims of both companies on the hoardings rests on their own research, that too limited. For example, the P&G 80% contention is based on a Thailand consumer test done by P&G Japan in October 2008 among 1,200 women. Similarly, HULs claim on Dove is based on winner hair care category, survey of over 30,000 people by Nielsen. A company official said Dove is the leader in the top-end shampoo segment with sales of Rs 200 crore in 2009-10. People in the industry say companies are getting aggressive on the advertising front because consumer spends on relatively discretionary purchases have been subdued due to food inflation. Growth in the overall shampoo market has slowed from 17% in 2008 to 11% in 2009 and 9% in 2010 (till May). The marketing and advertising wars are expected to intensify as neither company wants to lose market share in emerging markets, which are still recording growth and have untapped potential.
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The Ad Campaign
The Brand Kingfisher has been made synonymous with `Good Times in India. Coherent and clear positioning has also enabled Kingfisher Airlines to differentiate itself in a market. Kingfisher has implemented this positioning by making service and hospitality their main focus. Kingfisher has opted for value for money to charge lower by operating cost cuts. They follow low and simple fare structure while offering great service. Jet Airways bought over Air Sahara and embarked on a Rs 10 crore campaign to announce its change, (we have changed It said) Jet Airways, which spends up to Rs 50 crore a year on marketing, has increased its budget after it bought and rebranded Sahara into JetLite.. It expected to communicate the new and improved Jet. But it didnt expect to be in the non-enviable position of having to see its competition hijacking its campaign right from under its nose tips. Everywhere in Mumbai streets especially, right above the we have changed Jet ad at Cadbury Junction, which is around two kilometers from Jet chairman Naresh Goyal's residence, KF and its war managers put up another hoarding which proudly proclaimed we made them change!!!!
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Jet leads with a 31% share while Kingfisher has 10.5%.( Well I am not sure about the exactness if this numbers, still). But its ad agency M&C Saatchi preferred to ignore the issue of competition and embarked on the much touted. Jet was forced to withdraw the campaign, and start a new one saying "Take Off To New York Daily". Not to be left behind, taking the war of words forward, Kingfisher Airlines again changed its hoarding which stated, Theyve flown from here to New York.
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CONCLUSION
As you all know that Every coin has two sides Similarly comparative advertisements are important and beneficial from the consumers and producers point of view only to the extent it is providing information about the product and making them aware. On the other hand comparative advertisements are not beneficial if advertisers comparisons are false & misleading. Some of the relevant observations regarding comparative ads are given below: Comparative ads are perceived to be beneficial to the consumers since more information is provided to him by the competitors. Comparative ads are encouraged in certain markets like USA by the regulators because it increases transparency and provides more information to consumers. The comparative ads generally result in counter arguments which often creates such a noise that it discounts the original argument/information. Consumers tend to discount the claims by both the competing brand because of the arguments. Comparative advertising strategy is more effective for smaller brands rather than established large brands. By challenging a larger brand through comparative ad , the small brands tend to derive more acceptance and awareness than the larger brand. Comparative ads are found to be more effective for categories where consumers tend to use their analytical mind. Comparative ads tend to fail where consumers use imagery while evaluating the brands. For example, products like automobiles use comparative ads extensively and with effectiveness There are also studies which shows that male consumers are more attracted towards comparative ads compared to female consumers.
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BIBLIOGRAPHY
Marketing Management- By Philip Kotler Advertising Management by Jethwaney and Jain Cola Wars By J.C.Louis www.ascionline.org www.pepsico.com www.parleagro .com www.scribd.com www.euromonitor.com www.coca-cola.com www.coca-colaindia.com www.pepsicoindia.co.in www.cola-wars.net www.articles.economictimes.indiatimes.com www.broadbandforum.in www.hul.co.in www.spicyipindia.blogspot.in www.tide.com www.marketing91.com www.icmrindia.org www.horlicks.com www.complanfoods.com www.simarprit.com www.adformula.blogspot.in www.hemmy.net www.makemytrip.com www.bmwblog.com www.forbes.com www.autointhenews.com www.binscorner.com www.weknowmemes.com www.dove.in www.blogworks.in www.business-standard.com www.twitterfools.com
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ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
I would like to thank Dr. Rajeshwari Ravi without who this project would not be possible. Advertising is an ever changing, dynamic field. This project helped me learn how quick the corporate world is and what all companies do the gain the attention of the consumer. It gave me in depth knowledge of not only the Indian advertising market but also the international one. I would also like to thank Prof. Jehangir Bharucha for directing me to Dr. Ravi. I would also like to take this opportunity of mention Gayathri Priyadarshini Pattnam and Ankit Bathija for their constant support.