JOB # 6 DETERMINATION OF PRINCIPAL STRAIN AND STRESS USING STRAIN ROSSETE TECHNEIQUE.

APPARATUS:
Model beam Strain rossete (g.f=2.05) Strain meter 45v dc bettery Pressure cell Vernier calliper Measuring tape Connecting wires

RELATED THEORY
PRINCIPLE STRESSES :
Stresses On The Principle Plain Are Principle Stresses.

PRINCIPLE STRAIN :
strain due to principle stresses. The extreme values of normal strain at any point in the material are called principal strains. Major principal strain = 1 = max Minor principal strain = 2 = min

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DIFFERENCE BETWEEN PRINCIPLE PLANE & PRINCIPLE AXES.

Principal planes are the two dimensional surfaces where normal stresses achieve their extreme values and shear stresses are zero. (x = max, y = max or max or min & xy = 0 ) But principal axes are imaginary lines where 2nd moment of area achieve its extreme values and product moment of inertia is zero. (Ixx = max, Iyy = max, Ixy = 0 )

STRAIN ROSETTE: Definition: Combination of at least three strain gauges cemented/pasted in three different directions on the surface of structural components to determine the complete state of stress and strains. DESCRIPTION:

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So in this way we have three equations and three unknowns x y xy. So the equations can be solved for these three values.

COMPLETE STATE OF STRESS:

When we know all the following parameters x, y, xy, 1, 2, p, s, max, min then this is known as complete state of stress.

COMPLETE STATE OF STRAIN:

When we know all the following parameters x, y, xy, 1, 2, p, s, max, min then this is known as complete state of strain.

TYPES:
Usually there are four types of strain rosettes available in the market. 45 Strain Rosette. 60 Strain Rosette. 120 Strain Rosette. 4-element Strain Rosette.

45 STRAIN ROSETTE: A strain rosette having included angle of 45 between two consecutive elements.

a = 0 b=45 c=90 x = a y = c xy = a+c-2b

60 Strain Rosette :
A strain rosette having included angle of 60 between two consecutive elements. It is also called Equilateral

Strain Rosette.

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120 Strain Rosette (Delta Strain Rosette):

A strain rosette having included angle of 60 between two consecutive elements. It is also called Delta Strain Rosette or Equiangular Strain Rosette

4-element Strain Rosette:

The Strain Rosette having four strain gauges/elements is called 4-element stain rosette.

ADVANTAGES:
We can have a counter check of the computed values of coordinate strains (Precision)

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Graphical solution for Strain Rosette (Mohr Circle):

Set up a vertical axis to represent = 0(which will subsequently be the semi shear strain axis) Draw three lines parallel to the above axis at the appropriate distance representing the values (positive or negative) of a, b and c. On the middle lines of these three (representing the middle value of the three strains) mark a point P representing the origin of the rosette. Draw the rosette configuration at the point P but lining up gauge c along its vertical ordinate. Project the directions of gauges a and b to cut their respective vertical ordinates at Q and R. Construct perpendicular bisectors of PQ and PR; where these intersect is the centre of the strain circle, O. Draw the circle on this centre, which of course should pass through the points P, Q and R. Insert the horizontal strain abscissa through O. Join O to Q, R and S, where S is the other intersection of the circle with the middle vertical line. The lines OQ, OR and OS represent the three gauges on the circle where 2 and 2 are the angles between OR and OQ, and OQ and OS, respectively. From the circle read off as requires the principal strains 1, 2 or the chosen co-ordinate direction strains x, y, xy.

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