2.Literature Survey Title of Paper Multi-objective stochastic optimisation of the suspension system of road vehicles.

MassimilianoGobbi Francesco Levi Giampiero Mastinu Journal JOURNAL OF SOUND AND VIBRATION 298 (2006) Pg.1055 to 1072 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsv. 2006.06.041 Contents / Conclusion This paper addresses a new approach for designing automotive suspension systems, based on the theory of multiobjective programming together with the theory of robust design. A two-degrees-of-freedom (2 dof) linear model is used to describe the dynamic behaviour of vehicles running on randomly profiled roads. The performance indices considered are discomfort, road holding and working space. The design variables to be optimised are the suspension stiffness and damping (passively suspended vehicle) and the controller gains (actively suspended vehicle). The mass of the vehicles body and the tyre radial stiffness are considered as stochastic parameters, together with the design variables (stochastic design variables).

The adopted quarter-car system model for passively (PS) and actively (AS) suspended road vehicles is shown in Fig. 1. The paper presents and applies a multi-objective stochastic optimisation method to solve the mathematical model. Conclusion: A comparison between the three different optimisation approaches,namely deterministic, robust and stochastic has been performed. It is shown that the solutions computed by means of a deterministic optimisation have the best obtainable mean performance but are prone to be the most sensitive to parameter uncertainty.

Title of Paper Ride Quality and Drivability of a Typical Passenger Car subject to Engine/Driveline and Road Non-uniformities Excitations. Neda Nickmehr

Journal Avdelning, Institution Division, Department Division of vehicular system Department of Electrical Engineering Sweden (2011) ISRN: LiTH-ISYEX-11/4477--SE

Contents / Conclusion The aim of this work is to evaluate ride quality of a typical passenger car. This requires both identifying the excitation resources, which result to undesired noise inside the vehicle, and studying human reaction at applied vibration. Road surface irregularities is simulated as a stationary random process and further vertical acceleration of the vehicle body will be obtained by considering the well-known quarter-car model including suspension/tire mechanisms and road input force. Finally, ISO diagrams are utilized to compare RMS vertical and lateral accelerations of the car body with the fatigue-decreased proficiency boundaries and to determine harmful frequency regions. In order to provide better realization of ride behavior, it is useful to show the ride dynamic system as follows

Conclusion: According to the results, passive suspension system is not functional enough since its behavior depends on frequency content of the input and it provides good isolation only when the car is subjected to a high frequency excitation. Future work: As it was already noted in chapter 7, it is required to introduce an appropriate optimization technique for determining suspension system optimum parameter values in order to have the best vibration isolation with taking into account the suspension working space and road holding constraints. Furthermore, investigating about an active suspension system is needed.

Title of Paper Optimization of a quarter-car suspension model coupled with the driver biomechanical effects

Contents / Conclusion In this paper a HumanVehicleRoad (HVR) model, comprising a quarter-car and a biomechanical representation of the driver, is employed for the analysis. Differential equations are provided to describe the motions of various masses under the influence of a harmonic road excitation. These equations are, subsequently, solved to obtain a closed form mathematical expression for the steady-state vertical acceleration measurable at the vehiclehuman interface. Alexey Kuznetsov The solution makes it possible to find optimal parameters for the vehicle MusaMammadov doi:10.101 suspension system with respect to a specified ride comfort level. The IbrahimSultan 6/j.jsv.2010 quantitative definition given in the ISO 2631 standard for the ride comfort EldarHajilarov .12.027 level is adopted in this paper for the optimization procedure. Numerical examples, based on actually measured road profiles, are presented to prove the validity of the proposed approach and its suitability for the problem at hand. A mathematical model, which includes human bio-mechanical parameters, was developed and used to calculate the steady-state component of the transmitted vertical acceleration. This model was then optimized to obtain suspension system parameters which would improve the ride comfort as defined by the ISO 2631. Conclusion: Numerical results have been presented, and compared, for models optimized with and without the inclusion of the biomechanical parameters. The importance of including these parameters in the analysis has been highlighted by their noticeable effects on the ride comfort at high speed levels. The paper concluded by stating that the damping coefficient of the suspension system has the most remarkable influence on the ride comfort at a given speed. Optimal seat and Internation This paper presents an optimization of a four-degrees-of-freedom quarter suspension design for a al Journal car seat and suspension system using genetic algorithms to determine a set of parameters to achieve the best performance of the driver. Since the health of quarter car with driver of the driver is as important as the stability of the car, the desired objective is model using genetic Industrial Ergonomic proposed as the minimization of a multiobjective function formed by the algorithms. s 37 (2007) combination of not only suspension deflection and tire deflection but also the O Gundogdu Pg. 327 to head acceleration and crest factor (CF), which is not practiced as usual by the 332 designers. The optimization results are compared through step and frequency responses of the seat and suspension system for the optimum and currently used DOI: 10.1016/j.e suspension systems. Comparatively better results are obtained from the rgon.2006. optimized system in terms of resonance peaks, CF, and vibration dose value. 11.005 The concept and the ideas set forth in this work are directly applicable to both the car suspension and seat design in industry. Application of Genetic Proceeding Algorithms to the s of the The purpose of a seat suspension system are attempt to isolate vehicle Optimal Design of World vibration excitations from being transmitted to the drivers and to improve vehicles Driver-seat Congress passenger comfort. Traditional seat suspension systems are composed of 2on suspension Model. DOF, that is springs and viscous dampers. This paper, presents a 7-DOF Engineerin vehicles driver model with seat suspension system. A genetic algorithm is W. Abbas, g applied to search for the optimal parameters of the seat in order to minimize Ossama B. Abouelatta, (2010 ) seat suspension deflection and drivers body acceleration to achieve the best Magdy S. El-Azab, London. Adel A. Megahed ISBN: comfort of the driver. The simulation results were compared with the ones of 978-988the passive suspensions through step and sinusoidal excitation of the seat 18210-7-2 suspension system for the currently used suspension systems.

Journal Journal of Sound and Vibration 330 (2011) Pg.2937 to 2946

Title of Paper Estimation of Disturbance Inputs to a Tire Coupled Quarter-car Suspension Test Rig Jonathan Daniel Ziegenmeyer

Journal Thesis of Master of Science Digital Library and Archives (DLA) (2007) Virgeniatec h University Blacksburg, Virginia

Contents / Conclusion

Optimal Design of Passenger Car suspension for Ride and Road Holding. Anil Shirahatti P.S.S. Prasad Pravin Panzade M.M. Kulkarni

In this study a description of the quarter-car model and the experimental test rig is given. A real-time open loop estimate of the disturbance displacement input to the tire and an external disturbance force, representing handling and aerodynamic forces, acting on the sprung mass of a quarter-car suspension test rig was generated. The equations of motion for the quarter-car model are derived in state space as well as a transfer function form. Several tests were run in simulation to investigate the performance of three integration techniques used in the estimator. These tests were first completed in continuous time prior to transforming to discrete time. Comparisons are made between the simulated and estimated displacement and velocity of the disturbance input to the tire and disturbance force input to the sprung mass. The simulated and estimated dynamic tire normal forces are also compared. URN:etdIn this Study a description of the tire coupled quarter-car suspension test rig 05152007that was used in this study. Also included is a discussion of the simulations 110253 performed in continuous and discrete time and the interpretation of the results. Concluding this chapter is a parameter sensitivity study performed to examine the numerical robustness of the estimator. Journal of In this paper, a suitable optimizing technique is applied at design stage to the obtain the suspension parameters of a passive suspension and active Brazilian So suspension for a passenger car which satisfies the performance as per ISO ciety of 2631 standards. A number of objectives such as maximum bouncing Mechanical acceleration of seat and sprung mass, root mean square (RMS) weighted Sciences an acceleration of seat and sprung mass as per ISO2631 standards, jerk, d Engineerin suspension travel, road holding and tyre deflection are minimized subjected g. to a number of constraints. The constraints arise from the practical kinetic Januaryand comfortability considerations, such as limits of the maximum vertical March acceleration of the passenger seat, tyre displacement and the suspension working space. The genetic algorithm (GA) is used to solve the problem (2008) Vol. XXX, and results were compared to those obtained by simulated annealing (SA) No. 1 / 67 technique and found to yields similar performance measures. ISSN: 1678-5878

Fundamentals of vehicle A Book is Published by Dynamics SAE Thomas. D. Gillespie International February (1992) Ch.5: RIDE Pg.125 to 189 pdf ISBN: 978-0-76802333-6