Sap Abap Interview Questions and Answers

What is an ABAP?

ABAP (Advanced Business Application Programming) is a high level programming language created by the German software company SAP. It is currently positioned as the language for programming SAP's Web Application Server, part of its NetWeaver platform for building business applications. Its syntax is somewhat similar to COBOL.
What is an ABAP data dictionary?

ABAP 4 data dictionary describes the logical structures of the objects used in application development and shows how they are mapped to the underlying relational database in tables/views.
What are domains and data element?

Domains:Domain is the central object for describing the technical characteristics of an attribute of an business objects. It describes the value range of the field. Data Element: It is used to describe the semantic definition of the table fields like description the field. Data element describes how a field can be displayed to end-user.
What is foreign key relationship?

A relationship which can be defined between tables and must be explicitly defined at field level. Foreign keys are used to ensure the consistency of data. Data entered should be checked against existing data to ensure that there are now contradiction. While defining foreign key relationship cardinality has to be specified. Cardinality mentions how many dependent records or how referenced records are possible.
Describe data classes.

Master data: It is the data which is seldom changed. Transaction data: It is the data which is often changed. Organization data: It is a customizing data which is entered in the system when the system is configured and is then rarely changed. System data:It is the data which R/3 system needs for itself.
What are indexes?

Indexes are described as a copy of a database table reduced to specific fields. This data exists in sorted form. This sorting form ease fast access to the field of the tables. In order that other fields are also read, a pointer to the associated record of the actual table are included in the index. The indexes are activated along with the table and are created automatically with it in the database.
Difference between transparent tables and pooled tables.

Transparent tables: Transparent tables in the dictionary has a one-to-one relation with the table in database. Its structure corresponds to single database field. Table in the database has the same name as in the dictionary. Transparent table holds application data. Pooled tables. Pooled tables in the dictionary has a many-to-one relation with the table in database. Table in the database has the different name as in the dictionary. Pooled table are stored in table pool at the database level.
What is an ABAP/4 Query?

ABAP/4 Query is a powerful tool to generate simple reports without any coding. ABAP/4 Query can generate the following 3 simple reports: Basic List: It is the simple reports.

Statistics: Reports with statistical functions like Average, Percentages. Ranked Lists: For analytical reports. - For creating a ABAP/4 Query, programmer has to create user group and a functional group. Functional group can be created using with or without logical database table. Finally, assign user group to functional group. Finally, create a query on the functional group generated.
What is BDC programming?

Transferring of large/external/legacy data into SAP system using Batch Input programming. Batch input is a automatic procedure referred to as BDC(Batch Data Communications). The central component of the transfer is a queue file which receives the data vie a batch input programs and groups associated data into sessions.
What are the functional modules used in sequence in BDC?

These are the 3 functional modules which are used in a sequence to perform a data transfer successfully using BDC programming: BDC_OPEN_GROUP - Parameters like Name of the client, sessions and user name are specified in this functional modules. BDC_INSERT - It is used to insert the data for one transaction into a session. BDC_CLOSE_GROUP - This is used to close the batch input session.
What are internal tables?

Internal tables are a standard data type object which exists only during the runtime of the program. They are used to perform table calculations on subsets of database tables and for re-organizing the contents of database tables according to users need.
What is ITS?

What are the merits of ITS?- ITS is a Internet Transaction Server. ITS forms an interface between HTTP server and R/3 system, which converts screen provided data by the R/3 system into HTML documents and vice-versa. Merits of ITS: A complete web transaction can be developed and tested in R/3 system. All transaction components, including those used by the ITS outside the R/3 system at runtime, can be stored in the R/3 system. The advantage of automatic language processing in the R/3 system can be utilized to language-dependent HTML documents at runtime.
What is DynPro?

DynPro is a Dynamic Programming which is a combination of screen and the associated flow logic Screen is also called as DynPro.
What are screen painter and menu painter?

Screen painter: Screen painter is a tool to design and maintain screen and its elements. It allows user to create GUI screens for the transactions. Attributes, layout, filed attributes and flow logic are the elements of Screen painter. Menu painter: Menu painter is a tool to design the interface components. Status, menu bars, menu lists, F-key settings, functions and titles are the components of Menu painters. Screen painter and menu painter both are the graphical interface of an ABAP/4 applications.
What are the components of SAP scripts?

SAP scripts is a word processing tool of SAP which has the following components: Standard text. It is like a standard normal documents. Layout sets. - Layout set consists of the following components: Windows and pages, Paragraph formats, Character formats. Creating forms in the R/3 system. Every layout set consists of Header, paragraph, and character string. ABAP/4 program.

What is ALV programming in ABAP? When is this grid used in ABAP?

ALV is Application List viewer. Sap provides a set of ALV (ABAP LIST VIEWER) function modules which can be put into use to embellish the output of a report. This set of ALV functions is used to enhance the readability and functionality of any report output. Cases arise in sap when the output of a report contains columns extending more than 255 characters in length. In such cases, this set of ALV functions can help choose selected columns and arrange the different columns from a report output and also save different variants for report display. This is a very efficient tool for dynamically sorting and arranging the columns from a report output. The report output can contain up to 90 columns in the display with the wide array of display options.
What are the events in ABAP/4 language?

Initialization, At selection-screen, Start-of-selection, end-of-selection, top-of-page, end-ofpage, At line-selection, At user-command, At PF, Get, At New, At LAST, AT END, AT FIRST.
What is CTS and what do you know about it?

The Change and Transport System (CTS) is a tool that helps you to organize development projects in the ABAP Workbench and in Customizing, and then transport the changes between the SAP Systems and clients in your system landscape. This documentation provides you with an overview of how to manage changes with the CTS and essential information on setting up your system and client landscape and deciding on a transport strategy. Read and follow this documentation when planning your development project.
What are logical databases? What are the advantages/ dis-advantages of logical databases?

To read data from a database tables we use logical database. A logical database provides read-only access to a group of related tables to an ABAP/4 program. Advantages: i)check functions which check that user input is complete, correct,and plausible. ii)Meaningful data selection. iii)central authorization checks for database accesses. iv)good read access performance while retaining the hierarchical data view determined by the application logic. dis advantages: i)If you donot specify a logical database in the program attributes,the GET events never occur. ii)There is no ENDGET command,so the code block associated with an event ends with the next event statement (such as another GET or an END-OFSELECTION).
What is a batch input session?

BATCH INPUT SESSION is an intermediate step between internal table and database table. Data along with the action is stored in session ie data for screen fields, to which screen it is passed, program name behind it, and how next screen is processed.
How to upload data using CATT ?

These are the steps to be followed to Upload data through CATT: Creation of the CATT test case & recording the sample data input. Download of the source file template. Modification of the source file. Upload of the data from the source file.
What is Smart Forms?

Smart Forms allows you to create forms using a graphical design tool with robust functionality, color, and more. Additionally, all new forms developed at SAP will be created with the new Smart Form solution.

How can I make a differentiation between dependent and independent data?

Client dependent or independent transfer requirements include client specific or cross client objects in the change requests. Workbench objects like SAPscripts are client specific, some entries in customizing are client independent. If you display the object list for one change request, and then for each object the object attributes, you will find the flag client specific. If one object in the task list has this flag on, then that transport will be client dependent.
What is the difference between macro and subroutine?

Macros can only be used in the program the are defined in and only after the definition are expanded at compilation / generation. Subroutines (FORM) can be called from both the program the are defined in and other programs . A MACRO is more or less an abbreviation for some lines of code that are used more than once or twice. A FORM is a local subroutine (which can be called external). A FUNCTION is (more or less) a subroutine that is called external. Since debugging a MACRO is not really possible, prevent the use of them (Ive never used them, but seen them in action). If the subroutine is used only local (called internal) use a FORM. If the subroutine is called external (used by more than one program) use a FUNCTION.
What is the differences between structure and table in data dictionary in ABAP?

Structure and table both are 2/2 matrices but there are many differences between table and structure. 1. Table can store the data physically but a structure dose not store. 2. Table can have primary key but a structure dose not have. 3. Table can have the technical attribute but a structure dose not have. structure doesn't contain technical attributes. structure doesn't contain primary key. structure doesn't stores underline database level.
What is the difference between collect and sum?

SUM. When processing an internal table in a block starting with LOOP and concluded by ENDLOOP , SUM calculates the control totals of all fields of type I , F and P (see also ABAP/4 number types ) and places them in the LOOP output area (header line of the internal table or an explicitly specified work area). When you use SUM in a LOOP with an explicitly specified output area, this output area must be compatible with the line type of the internal table.When using LOOP to process a sorted extract (see SORT ), the control total of f at the end of the group appears in the field SUM(f) - - if f is type I , F or P . COLLECT. COLLECT is used to create unique or compressed datsets. The key fields are the default key fields of the internal table itab . If you use only COLLECT to fill an internal table, COLLECT makes sure that the internal table does not contain two entries with the same default key fields. If, besides its default key fields, the internal table contains number fields,the contents of these number fields are added together if the internal table already contains an entry with

the same key fields. If the default key of an internal table processed with COLLECT is blank, all the values are added up in the first table line. If you specify wa INTO , the entry to be processed is taken from the explicitly specified work area wa . If not, it comes from the header line of the internal table itab . After COLLECT , the system field SY-TABIX contains the index of the - existing or new table entry with default key fields which match those of the entry to be processed. COLLECT can create unique or compressed datasets and should be used precisely for this purpose. If uniqueness or compression are unimportant, or two values with identical default key field values could not possibly occur in your particular task, you should use APPEND instead. However, for a unique or compressed dataset which is also efficient, COLLECT is the statement to use. If you process a table with COLLECT , you should also use COLLECT to fill it. Only by doing this can you guarantee that the internal table will actually be unique or compressed, as described above and COLLECT will run very efficiently. If you use COLLECT with an explicitly specified work area, it must be compatible with the line type of the internal table.
How we format the data before before write statement in report ?

We can format the reports output by using the loop events like: 1.at first 2.at new 3.at last etc check docu
What is the difference between Table and Template?

table is a dynamic and template is a static

When do we use End-of-selection?

End-of-selection event are mostly used when we are writing HR-ABAP code. In the HRABAP code, data is retrived in the Start-of-selection event and Printing on the list and all will be done in End-of-selection event.
In events start-of-selection is default event. When we have to use this event explicitly? Why?

The default event in the ABAP is Start-of-selection.We have to call explicitely this event when you are writing other than ths event , that is when you write AT SELECTIONSCREEN EVENTS OR INITIALIZATION EVENT etc,you have to explicitely mention the Start-of-selection event while you are writing the logic. Before these events called ,all the code you have written come into this default Start-ofselection screen event.

What is the differences between ABAP and OOABAP. In which situation we use OOABAP?

OOABAP is used to develop BSP/PCUI applications and also anthing involved object oriented like BADIs, SmartForms..etc.where as ABAP is used to develop traditional programs in R/3.
What is table buffer? Which type of tables used this buffer?

buffer is nothing but a memory area. table is buffered means that table information is available on application server. when you call data from database table it will come from application server. transperent and pooled tables are buffered. cluster tables can not buffered.
What is the use of pretty printer ?

Exactly where can we link the functional module to abap coding. Pretty Printer is used to format the ABAP Code we write in ABAP Editor ,like KEY WORDS in Capitals and remaining are in small letters which is also depend on system settings. We can call the function module in the ABAP Code .Press the Pattern button on Appl. tool bar then u will get box where u write the function module NAME which u want to call in the code by selecting the radio button CALL FUNCTION. In this way we link function module to ABAP Code.
What is the difference between SAP memory and ABAP memory?

Answer1: data sending between main sessions using get parameter and set parameter is sap memory data sending between internal sessions using import or export parameters is abap memory Answer2: sap memory is a global memory whereas abap memory is local memory. For example, we have four programs in abap memory and assigned some varibles to a particular program in abap memory then those varibles can't be used by anyother program in abap memory i.e., the variables are only for that program and also local to that memory,whereas sap memory can access all the abap memory or else it can perform any kind of modifications. Answer3: SAP memory is available to the user during the entire terminal session. ABAP memory is available to the user during life time of external session.
What is the difference between Type and Like?

Answer1: TYPE, you assign datatype directly to the data object while declaring. LIKE,you assign the datatype of another object to the declaring data object. The datatype is referenced indirectly. Answer2: Type is a keyword used to refer to a data type whereas Like is a keyword used to copy the

existing properties of already existing data object. Answer3: type refers the existing data type like refers the existing data object
What is Tcode SE16. For what is it used. Explain briefly?

Answer1: SE16 is a T-code for object browser. Generally used to search the fields of SAP Tables . and respective data. Answer2: se16 is a data browse and it is used to view the contents of the table and we cannot change or append new fields to the existing structure of the table as we cannot view the structure level display using the se16
What are different ABAP/4 editors? What are the differences?

The 2 editors are se38 and se80 both have the abap editor in place. In se38 you can go create programs and view online reports and basically do all thedevelopmet of objects in this editor. In se80 ( object navigator) there are additional features such as creating packages,module pool , function group ,classes, programs ( where you can create ur programs) and BSP applications .
What is difference between dialog program and a report?

Report is a excecutable program Dialog is a module pool program.It has to be executed via a transaction only. Dialog programming is used for customization ofscreens
How do you connect to the remote server if you are working from the office for the client in remote place.

WAS web application server or ITS are generally used for this purpose. If you are sitting at your office with a server which is in the system and the other server is at the clients place you can generate IDOC, intermidiate documents which carry the data you want to transfer or the documents you want to transfer, these IDOC are interpretted by the system at the recieving end with the message class with which it is bound with. If you want to logon a system which is very distant..then remote login can be used this depends on the internet speed.
Explain about roll area , Dispatcher, ABAP-Processor.

Answer1: Roll area is nothing but memory allocated by work process. It holds the information needed by R/3 about programs execution such as value of the variables. Dispatcher :All the requests that come from presentation server will be directed first to dispatcher. Further dispatcher sends this requests to work process on FIFO(First In and First Out) basis. Answer2: Dispatcher recieves the request from client and assigns the request to one of the work process. Roll area: Each workprocess works in a particular memory that memory is known as Role

Area, which consists of User context and session data. ABAP- Processor :is an interpretor which can execute logic
Which one is not an exit comand ? (Exit, cencle, stop, back)

STOP. Effect :The statement STOP is only to be used in executable programs EXIT. Effect :If the EXIT statement is executed outside of a loop, it will immediately terminate the current processing block. BACK. Effect : This statement positions the list cursor on the first position of the first line in a logical unit. So "Cancle" is not an exit command
What is Field symbol ?

Answer1: You can use field symbols to make the program more dynamic. In this example the name of a table control is substituted by a field symbol. Thus you cal call the form with any internal table, using the name of the table control as a parameter. Example form insert_row using p_tc_name. field-symbols <tc> type cxtab_control. "Table control assign (p_tc_name) to <tc>. * insert 100 lines in table control <tc>-lines = 100. Answer2: fieldsymbol has the same concept as pointer in c, fieldsymbol don't point to a data type like char, num instead of that it points to the memory block. the syntax for fieldsymbol is FIELD-SYMBOL <N>. EG. FOR FIELD SYMBOL. DATA: DAT LIKE SY-DATUM, TIM LIKE SY-UZEIT, CHAR(3) TYPE C VALUE 'ADF'. FIELD-SYMBOL : <FS>. MOVE DAT TO <FS>. WRITE:/ <FS>. MOVE TIM TO <FS>. WRITE:/ <FS>. MOVE CHAR TO <FS>. WRITE:/ <FS>. The output will be

Today's date current time

What is lock object ?

LockObjects used to synchornize access of several users using same data.

Why BAPI need then BDC ?

BAPI"S provide the standard interface to other applications apart from SAP and within differnt vesions of SAP too. Also it is OOD bases so dosen"t depends on screen flow. BDC gets failed if we make changes for screen changes through IMG customization

Q1: Differentiate between a Macro and a Subroutine Both MACROs and Subroutines help make the code more organized. In case of MACRO, Its usually a collection of code. It can take up to 9 parameters and are usually expanded during compilation/ code generation. When a MACRO is invoked, the resulting code is inserted into the program. In case of subroutine, it is again a collection of code. However, what makes it different from MACRO is that it is expanded during runtime. Also, the code segments are not inserted into the program as in a MACRO. Instead, program control is transferred to the memory location that stores the subroutine. Once done, the control is returned back. MACROs are generally faster than subroutines, but are resource intensive. Subroutines can take any number of arguments as well. Another major difference is that MACROs can only be local- meaning they can only be called from within the same program whereas subroutines can be called internally (FORM) or externally (FUNCTION). Q2: Can you tell me what an ABAP data dictionary is? ABAP data dictionary is a central repository where all data descriptions, also known as metadata, are stored.

The system ensures that there are no redundant data in the dictionary and makes the data available for all system components automatically. The ABAP dictionary has several object types. They are

Tables- Represents DB tables where data is present Types- This is defined globally and any change to type is automatically reflected in all the programs that make use of the same type Views- Data is usually distributed among different tables. Views are used to summarize these Lock Objects- These are used to synchronize simultaneous data access of the same data by different users

Q3: When do you prefer using LSMW? Sometimes businesses might need to shift from traditional or legacy systems to SAP. In such cases, businesses can make use of LSMW tool which can support the transfer of data. The main functions are 1. Import Data 2. Export Data Q4: What is ITS? ITS stands for Internet Transaction Server. Its a middleware that makes web based access to several SAP products possible. ITS links a Web server and R/3 application server. It controls the data flow between Web server and R/3 application server and enabling application user access to Internet application components (IACs). Components of ITS 1. Web gateway 2. Application gateway 3. Mapping Manager Q5: Differentiate: Transparent tables, Cluster tables and Pooled tables

Transparent Table: A transparent table contains only a single table. It has a 1-1 relation with the table in DB and stores data directly. A single table can have either one or multiple primary keys. You can access them via native as well as open SQL. These tables are generally used to hold master data. It is possible to create secondary indexes in case of transparent tables. Cluster Table: Instead of a single large table, cluster tables hold multiple small tables. The relationship is many to one in this case. Each table will have a primary key and it does not begin with the same fields. Its not possible to create secondary indexes for cluster tables. They are used for performance improvement purposes such as when several tables have to be opened at the same time. Pooled Tables: This is a combination of cluster and transparent data. This table is mainly used to store system data and contains data from a few large tables. The relationship here is again many-to-one as in cluster table. It is not possible to create secondary indexes and can be accessed only via open SQL. The primary key of each field begins with the same field as well.
What are the table controls in BDC ? What is the difference between bdc and lsmw ? What is the difference between bdc and rfc ?

BDC - Batch data communication in which there are 2 processes 1. in bound 2. outbound RFC - remote fucntion call(or) calling
Data conversion experience?

DATA CONVERSIONS: SAP HAS PROVIDED A TOOL NAMED LSMW WHICH CONVERTS THE LEGACY DATA INTO THE REQUIRED SAP FORMAT AND UPDATES THE DATABASE.
Open datasets, Read datasets ( Reading and writing data to files)?

Date Sets are nothing but files on Application Server,they can even be called as Sequential files. Open Dataset Is used to open required file on the application Server. Read Dataset. Is used to read the contents required file on the application Server.
How to do back ground processing in BDC Session method ?

goto sm35 select the option background process

Call transaction method, how to capture the errors ?

IN CALL TRANSACTION TO CAPTURE THE ERRORS WE SHOULD PERFORM THE FOLLOWING. FIRST ME MUST DECLARE AN INTERNAL TABLE WITH THE STRUCTURE OF BDCMSGCOLL TABLE. THEN WHILE WRITING THE CALL TRANSACTION STATEMENT WE SHOULD PUT THE 'E' MODE FOR CAPTURING ALL THE ERRORS. THEN FINALLY THE CAPTURED ERRORS MUST TO SENT TO THE INTERNAL TABLE WHICH WE DECLARED IN THE BEGINNING WITH BDCMSGCOLL BY USING THE FUNCTION MODULE "FORMAT_MESSAGE" AND THUS THE ERROR MESSAGES WILL BE SENT TO THE INTERNAL TABLE WHICH WE DECLARED AT THE BEGINNING.
How to load data from MS Excel sheet to SAP by using BDC method ?

KCD_EXCEL_OLE_TO_INT_CONVERT even takes care of blank cells and is available in older versions of SAP * Add values to internal table SORT t_cells BY row col. LOOP AT t_cells INTO wa_cells. MOVE : wa_cells-col TO l_index. ASSIGN COMPONENT l_index OF STRUCTURE itab TO <f_value>. MOVE : wa_cells-value TO <f_value>. AT END OF row. APPEND itab CLEAR itab. ENDAT. ENDLOOP.
What is the difference between call transaction and session method?

Session method: The records are not added to the database until the session is processed. sy-subrc is not returned. Error logs are created for error records. Updation in database table is always Synchronous. Call Transaction method: The records are immediately added to the database table. sysubrc is returned to 0 if successful. Error logs are not created and hence the errors need to be handled explicitly. Updation in database table is either Synchronous or Asynchronous.
SM35 transaction . How to automate BDC ?

sm35 is used to play girls for better nightfalls.

What is the difference between Upload and WS_Upload ?

The diffrence between WS_Upload and Upload is when you use function Upload it prompts for a dailog box where in you need to key in the file location.Where as in case of WS_Upload you specify the file location in the function input parameters itself

If I want to execute a program only in background not in foreground is there any option for this?

The sm37 transaction can be used for running a program in the background. Also in the session method while processing the session you can specify the processing type as background or foreground.
What kind of BDC programs are written ?

There are five types of BDC methods available. They are 1.Batch input session 2.Call Transaction 3.Recording 4.Direct Input and 5.LSMW
How to read files and process BDCs automatically?

To read file from Presentation server use Upload or GUI Upload or WS upload and to read file from Application server use Opend Dataset,Read dataset and Close dataset
In session method sy-subrc is not returned whereas in call transaction method sysubrc is returned . what does it mean?

While to transfer the data from the through if any errors occurs until the errors are the complete the data is not transfer to the SAP system. the system compulsory shows the errors. that errors are stored into the error logs (Transaction is SM35). so the session method should not return any value. In call transaction method data is directly pass to the SAP system. So its compulsory return the value. Because of the call transaction is the function. A function should return the value mandatory.
Recording Function

With recording, user can avoid manual search for fields and tables required in a program including screen numbers. SHDB is the transaction code.
BDC vs Direct Loads( have you used direct loads on SAP tables )

Direct loads is 5 times faster than uploading by normal BDC method. but some times while updating the database referential integrity is violated.
Have you set up a back ground job ? How to create a background job without a variant ?

Yes, user can create background job scheduling in two ways. 1. By calling the executable program RSBDCSUB 2. Transaction Code SM37
What are the tools used in SAP Implementation? How do you create Alert Messages?

One of the Tools being used for SAP Implemention is QuickSizer, which is used to size the SAP Server based on number of users using various modules in SAP. Alert Message is created in the CCMS monitor using TCodes RZ20 and RZ21. The values for Alert AutoReaction Methods are defined using the TCode RZ21, while this particular method is assigned to the Monitoring Tree Element (MTE) in the TCode RZ20.

One as well can have an Alert Management System, where alerts from the Entire Landscape can be configured in a Central Monitoring System from where it can trigger a alert mail or SMS to the concerned Administrator
When spool buffer is full and new spool request is raised what happens to the request ? where does the request stored?

The new spool request will be in the queue. If it is urgent request then the current request will be be stoped and newrequest will be send.
What is the difference between R3trans and Tp in SAP-DBA?

R/3trans is the R/3 system transport program which can be used for transporting data between different SAP systems ,even when they dont belong to the same group. R3trans normally is not used directorly but called from the Tp controle program or by the R/3 upgrade. Tp is the basic tool for the transporting the request.
What is Group by in Select statement?

Answer1: Group by is used to fetch a unique data from a column. Answer2: A "group by" is used to group selected rows in a table to perform arg functions on them. Rows not included in the "group by" clouse and not part of ARG functions cannot be used ...(logical grouping of data) or orerations performed (on groups of data) can be used with the "HAVING" clause to further refine the output. ex of some ARG functions : SUM() , MIN(),MAX(), AVG()
Select statement to read data into internal tables. Types of Select statements

select * from database table into (internal table name) the above statement collects data into the header area of the internal table. and select * from database table into table (internal table name) the above statement collects the data into the body area directly .
Explain Commit and Roll back

The Oracle RDBMS provides a transaction model based on a unit of work. The PL/SQL language supports most, but not all, of the database model for transactions (you cannot, for example, ROLLBACK FORCE). Transactions begin with the first change to data and end with either a COMMIT or ROLLBACK. COMMIT makes the database changes permanent and visible to other database sessions. ROLLBACK undoes the changes made in the current transaction either to the beginning of the transaction or to a savepoint. A savepoint is a named processing point in a transaction, created with the SAVEPOINT statement. Rolling back to a savepoint is a partial rollback of a transaction, wiping out all changes (and savepoints) that occurred later than the named savepoint.
What happens Update command is used without where clause ?

Answer1:

It will update all the records with same name in the particular field of the table. Answer2: If we dont mention "WHERE" clause in the UPDATE statement, it will update all records satisfying the given condition (if given any ) in the table ! Answer3: Based on query condition. it will update all the fields which are mentioned in the query. ex: update employee set firstname= @firstname,lastname=@lastname where employee_id =@employee_id. so in the above case nothing wil be happen if you used where clause or not. if you have many statements in the query you need to use the where clause.
What are logical databases?

Answer1: insert' will add a new record or a new row into the database table. 'Update' will modify a record in the DB table. 'Modify' it is a combination of both insert and update... Answer2: INSERT - Add a new record into the database table. MODIFY - If record is available it modifies otherwise it wont modify. UPDATE - If record is available its update the record otherwise it creates a new record.
Difference between Insert, Update and Modify

INSERT - Add a new record into the database table. MODIFY - If record is available it modifies otherwise it wont modify. UPDATE - If record is available its update the record otherwise it creates a new record.
Catch Command

Trying to catch any runtime errors programmatically or manually we use this statement catch.
What is SAP R/3 ?

The name SAP a German company is an acronym for "Systeme, Anwendungen, Produkte in der Datenverarbeitung." This is translated in English as "Systems, Applications, and Products in Data Processing."
Can you create a table with fields not referring to data elements ?

YES. eg:- ITAB LIKE SPFLI.here we are referening to a data object(SPFLI) not data element. What are the different types of data dictionary objects? tables, structures, views, domains, data elements, lock objects, Match code objects.
What should be the approach for writing a BDC program ?

STEP 1: CONVERTING THE LEGACY SYSTEM DATA TO A FLAT FILE to internal table CALLED "CONVERSION". STEP 2: TRANSFERING THE FLAT FILE INTO SAP SYSTEM CALLED "SAP DATA TRANSFER". STEP 3: DEPENDING UPON THE BDC TYPE

i)call transaction(Write the program explicity) ii) create sessions (sessions are created and processed. If success data will transfer).
What are the problems in processing batch input sessions and How is batch input process different from processing online ?

PROBLEMS: i) If the user forgets to opt for keep session then the session will be automatically removed from the session queue(log remains). However if session is processed we may delete it manually. ii)if session processing fails data will not be transferred to SAP database table.
What does an extract statement do in the ABAP program ?

Once you have declared the possible record types as field groups and defined their structure, you can fill the extract dataset using the following statements: EXTRACT. When the first EXTRACT statement occurs in a program, the system creates the extract dataset and adds the first extract record to it. In each subsequent EXTRACT statement, the new extract record is added to the dataset EXTRACT HEADER. When you extract the data, the record is filled with the current values of the corresponding fields. As soon as the system has processed the first EXTRACT statement for a field group , the structure of the corresponding extract record in the extract dataset is fixed. You can no longer insert new fields into the field groups and HEADER. If you try to modify one of the field groups afterwards and use it in another EXTRACT statement, a runtime error occurs. By processing EXTRACT statements several times using different field groups, you fill the extract dataset with records of different length and structure. Since you can modify field groups dynamically up to their first usage in an EXTRACT statement, extract datasets provide the advantage that you need not determine the structure at the beginning of the program.
Can a transparent table exist in data dictionary but not in the data base physically ?

NO. TRANSPARENT TABLE DO EXIST WITH THE SAME STRUCTURE BOTH IN THE DICTIONARY AS WELL AS IN THE DATABASE,EXACTLY WITH THE SAME DATA AND FIELDS.
What is the step by step process to create a table in data dictionary ?

step 1: creating domains(data type, field length, range). step 2: creating data elements(properties and type for a table field). step 3: creating tables(SE11).
What is the typical structure of an ABAP/4 program?

HEADER ,BODY,FOOTER.

A situation: An ABAP program creates a batch input session. We need to submit the program and the batch session in back ground. How to do it ?

go to SM36 and create background job by giving job name, job class and job steps (JOB SCHEDULING)
What are the domains and data elements ?

DOMAINS : FORMAL DEFINITION OF THE DATA TYPES.THEY SET ATTRIBUTES SUCH AS DATA TYPE,LENGTH,RANGE. DATA ELEMENT : A FIELD IN R/3 SYSTEM IS A DATA ELEMENT.

What is the alternative to batch input session? Call transaction. What is a batch input session? BATCH INPUT SESSION is an intermediate step between internal table and database table. Data along with the action is stored in session ie data for screen fields, to which screen it is passed, program name behind it, and how next screen is processed. What is the advantage of structures? How do you use them in the ABAP programs? Adv:- GLOBAL EXISTANCE(these could be used by any other program without creating it again). How many types of tables exists and what are they in data dictionary? 4 types of tables i)Transparent tables - Exists with the same structure both in dictionary as well as in database exactly with the same data and fields. Both Opensql and Nativesql can be used. ii)Pool tables & iii)Cluster tables - These are logical tables that are arranged as records of transparent tables. one cannot use native sql on these tables (only open sql).They are not managable directly using database system tools. iv)Internal tables - .?
After Observing many interviews. Finally i come up with the following questions which are mostly asked in all the Big companies including SAP Labs, Accenture, IBM , Deloitte , TCS , Infosys etc 1. Can we write the code both call transaction and session method in single program? Ans. Yes it is possible to write call transaction and session in one program. 2. Which BDC you prefer? Ans. If we want to transfer large amount of data and when we need to use more than one transaction code we prefer session method. For small or less amount of data and for single transaction use call transaction. (This is more genric answer but you can add more on to this if you have worked on BDC) 3. When u prefer LSMW? Ans. When we need to update medium amount of data we use LSMW. LSMW is also used when the person like functional consultant has less programming language. 5. Difference between .include and .append? Ans. Include structure allows to add one or more structure into structure or table.Also placed positioning anywhere. Upto 6 include structure can be used in a table. Append structure can be placed only at the end of a structure or table which also stops further insertion of fields.Only one append structure can be used

6. Preformance techniques Ans. 1. The sequence of fields must be same as per database table 2. During writing select query write all fields in sequence as per database table. 3. Never write select statements inside loop.endloop. 4. Use st05 SQL trace, se30 run time analysis, code inspector, slin,etc. 5. Use select single * statement instead of select * 6. Always use primary key 7. Use binary search but before using binary search sort that table. 7. How to debug sapscripts ? Ans. Two ways to debug sapscript . first way is goto SE 71 and from menu bar select Utilities->activate debugger .then goto SE38 execute the print program ,it automatically goes to debugging mode ..the other way is , run the program RSTXDBUG in se 38 . execute it . a message will show that debugger is activated .now open the print program in se 38 u vll notice that the print prgm is automatically diverted to debugging mode. 8. What is partner selection? Ans. This concept is mainly used in IDOC where u select the partner profile using Tcode We20 .with Tcode SM59 you create RFC(remote function call) to create communication link to a remote system. 10. What is occurs in internal table? Ans. Occurs addition to the Declaration will give initial size to that table.occur statement allocates 8kb of memory to the internal table. 11. What is page window? Ans : page window is nothing but a container of a page ,which uniquely identifies a set of data for example while creating invoice we create logo window , billing document header window , customer window , terms and condition window etc 12. What is the difference between scrolling a table horizontally and vertically..??

Ans: In table control when you scroll a table vertically presentation server needs to call application server to fetch the next record and display in the table while in case of horizontal scroll there is no need to call application server. 13. What are Field Groups? Ans: A group that combines several fields fewer than one name, at runtime, the INSERT command is used to define which data fields are assigned to which field group are called Field Groups. It should always be a HEADER field group that defines how the extracted data will be sorted; the fields grouped under the HEADER field group sort the data. 14. List the events in ABAP/4 Language? Ans: The events in ABAP/4 are load of program ,Initialization, Selection Screen, Start of Selection, End of Selection, Top of page, Line selection, User command, End, First. 15.How the values will be passed to RFC Function module PassbyValue or Passbyreference? Ans: always Pass by Value. RFC is Remote Function call so it cant access the values with Pass by reference. 16. Buffering concept usage? Ans: There are three type of buffer 1 single record 2 generic buffer 3 full buffer Buffering is use for improve performance. it improves performance 10 to 100 times more 17. Select up to 1 row and select single difference ? Ans: Select single fetches first matching record. If more than one matching records are there then only the first matching record will be considered other records will not be taken into account. Where as select up to 1 rows will fetch all the matching records from the database.(Again it will assign only One Record to the internal table/Work area) 18. What are the different buffering methods? There are two different buffering methods The system ensures that data transfer between the R/3 System and the database system is as efficient as possible. To do this, it uses the following techniques:

Table buffering: The program accesses data from the buffer of the application server. Database request buffering: Individual database entries are not read or passed to the database until required by an OPEN SQL statement. 19. Different types of locks? v Read lock (shared lock) Protects read access to an object. The read lock allows other transactions read access but not write access to the locked area of the table. v o Write lock (exclusive lock) Protects write access to an object. The write lock allows other transactions neither read nor write access to the locked area of the table. v o Enhanced write lock (exclusive lock without cumulation) Works like a write lock except that the enhanced write lock also protects from further accesses from the same transaction. 20. CHAIN END CHAIN? Ans: Chain and end chain are used for multiple field validation in Module pool programming .It is written inside the screen flow logic. 21.How to Debug RFC Function module? Ans: SE38 > Utilities > Settings > ABAP Editor > Debugging Activate the external debugging and choose the New Debugger option in ABAP debugger. Go to the particular place in the code and put break point, pop will appear then choose the HTTP break point. If you are triggering the RFC from SAP portal make sure that both the user ID should be same If the users are different then provide the XI/Portal User ID in the users field. 22.Why sapscripts are client dependent and smartforms are client independent.? Ans-: Smartforms create its own function module so it doesnt need to transport the request through SCC1.As all the Development Object are stored in client independent tables. Whereas Script doesnt generate any function module while executing so we need to transport the request number through

SCC1.Sap script is stroed in side the client depended table as a TEXT.so sapscripts are client dependent and smartforms are client independent. 23. Difference between user exit and BADIs? Ans: User exit is for single implementation and it is procedural approach while BADIs are for multiple implementation and object oriented approach. Multiple implementation means Reusability because we use OOps Concepts for BADI. 24. Control break events in ABAP:1. AT-FIRST: This is used when we want to execute the statements before records are processed. 2. AT-LAST: This event is used when we want to execute the statements after all records are processed. 3. AT-NEW: This event is used when we want to execute the statement before group of records are processed. 4. AT-END: This event is used when we want to execute the statements after processing of group of records. 25.I am uploading 100 records out of which say 59th record has error so what will happen if i am using synchronous or asynchronous method of BDC? Can we update the database using local update mode how? 26. Suppose i am writing following code then what will be output? LOAD-OF-PROGRAM. WRITE:/HELLO. Ans: HELLO (Explain the importance of LOAD-OF-PROGRAM Event.If you dont know Tell the interviewer as this event is used in such cases when you want to clear sum buffers or something Before calling that Program) 27. What is TMG? Ans. TMG stands for Table Maintenance generator. It is a tool available in abap by which we can add or delete multiple records at a time and it is executed or triggered by the transaction code SM30. 28. Difference between select option and ranges ? Ans. The main difference between select option and ranges is that ranges implicitly or automatically creates internal table with fields like OPTION,LOW,HIGH,SIGN,etc . Where as in case of select option we have to explicitly create internal table. When u declares a select options it will implicitly declare an internal table (ranges) for you. While using RANGES syntax u can declare internal table explicitly.

The only need of declaring ranges is when you r not taking input from the user but you want make limit based selection at that time it will be use full e.g. SELECT ** from ** where MATNR in val_range. here u can use select-option or ranges : val_range. 29. is it possible to bring select option in module pool screens? Ans.Create a SELECT-OPTIONS in module pool screen using two methods as shown. Method 1:a) Create a subscreen area in your screen layout where you want to create the select options. b) In the top include of your module pool program declare a selection screen as a subscreen e.g. SELECTION-SCREEN BEGIN OF SCREEN 100 AS SUBSCREEN. select-options s_matnr for mara-matnr. SELECTION-SCREEN END OF SCREEN. c) In the PBO and PAI of the main screen where the select options needs to be created do a call subscreen of the above screen (100). CALL SUBCREEN sub_area INCLUDING <program> <screen> This CALL SUBSCREEN statement is necessary for transport of values between screen and program. Note: All validations of the selection screen fields e.g. the s_matnr field created above should be done in selection screen events like AT SELECTION-SCREEN etc and not in PAI. These selection screen validations etc should be done in the top include only. Method 2:a) Create 2 separate fields in your screen layout one for the low value and one for the high value. Insert an icon beside the high value which will call the multiple selections popup screen on user command. Use function module COMPLEX_SELECTIONS_DIALOG to achieve this. continued struc_tab_and_field-fieldname = con_cust. KUNNR struc_tab_and_field-tablename = con_kna1. KNA1. CALL FUNCTION COMPLEX_SELECTIONS_DIALOG EXPORTING* TITLE = text = g_titl1 Customers tab_and_field = struc_tab_and_field TABLES RANGE = rng_kunnr EXCEPTIONS NO_RANGE_TAB = 1 CANCELLED = 2 INTERNAL_ERROR = 3 INVALID_FIELDNAME = 4

OTHERS = 5. IF NOT rng_kunnr[] IS INITIAL. * Read the very first entry of the range table and pass it to * dynpro screen field *READ TABLE rng_kunnr INDEX 1. IF sy-subrc = 0. g_cust = rng_kunnr-low. ENDIF. ENDIF. You can use the return table rng_kunnr to populate your own internal range table with the values entered by the user. Basically here you are just simulating the work of a select-options parameter by module pool screen elements. 30.how we can retrive data using secondary index.explain with simple example Ans: First create secondary indexes on required fields of a particular database table. We can create one primary index and 15 secondary indexes.Once the respective secondary indexes are created write select queries and within select queries specify secondary indexes field name with where clause. 31.How can we handle table control in BDC? Ans.We can handle table control using line index Line index indicates which line of Table control is to be use for BDC transaction Ex perform bdc_field using RC29K-AUSKZ(01) Indicates 1st line of table control is going to be used for transaction which is Line index of Table Control 32. If i want to execute a BDC program only in background not in foreground is there any option for this? Ans.The sm37 transaction can be used for running a program in the background. Also in the session method while processing the session you can specify the processing type as background or foreground. 33.How Can We upload a text file having Delimiters in to Legacy System Ans.For up loading text file we use the pre-defined FM gui_upload. in that FM we have the parameter has_field_seperator for that we assign the default delimiter x. HAS_FIELD_SEPERATOR X X can provide the Whatever delimiter we used in flat file for separation. 34. What is the land scape in sap.

Ans. In every organisation sap landscape involves three servers viz, Development server, Quality server and Production server. Whatever new development we do as per clients requirement is done in development server. Later to test the developed object we move it to quality server for testing and finally once everything goes clear then the object is moved to production server ,production server data is ready for final business use. 35. Workbench request are client dependent or client independent Ans. Workbench request are client independent. (Common Man Workbench request holds the Program , FM etc. How it can be Client Dependent!!!!) 36. Tell me about workbench request and customization requests. Ans.Workbench (ABAP Dev) request is client independent when you import it into one system it reflact it in all client in same system, but customized request has to import in that client perticular client where it is created, actually it is client dependent. Other Interview questions SAP SCRIPTS & FORMS 1. Can we write the code/program inside sap script? 2. How will u create sapscripts & smartforms in multiple language? 3.How to execute sap script & smart forms in Background? 4.How to do total & subtotal in scripts & forms? ================================================= DATA DICTIONARY 1.Apart from .include & .append how will u do table enhancement? 2.what r the events of table maintainence generator? 3.what will happen if i use projection view and maintainence view together? 4. I created ZEMP table now i want to add more data but prev. data should not disturb how can i do this? ===================================================== REPORTS 1.How will u print footers in alv report? 2.How will u edit fields from output list of alv? ====================================================

BDC 1.what r the fields u took during recording for mmo1,me21n? 2.If u want to do bdc for xd01 explain me how will be the flow? ================================================= user exits 1.what r enhancement points? 2.How to write customer exits? 3.what is routine? how it is different from user exits?