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The family of Frank Calvert owned the farm land in and around New Ilium. The Turks called the mound Hisarlik, closer to the Hittite name Wilusa. After decades of archaeological field work in Troad (Troas), the Biga peninsula of Turkey, Calvert postulated in 1866 that Hisarlik was the ancient city of Troy; Homer's Ilion. Calvert persuaded Heinrich Schliemann to excavate the site, and Schliemann visited Calvert two years later. Schliemann excavated at Hisarlik in 187173 and in 1878 79, discovering city strata from the Roman to early bronze age in which he found a cache of gold, silver, and copper objects which he called Priam's Treasure4 and left the country with much of it. The earring style seems to have influenced those at Colchis (Georgia). The site was later excavated by Wilhelm Drpfeld (1893-94) and Carl Blegen (1932-38). It was Blegen who assigned strata divisions to the dig site.
Hisarlik (Troy) with Clarity centuries BC and other important dates (www.pharaohsofthebible.com)
Strata Age I EBI II EBII [Glacial maximum] III EBIII-IV IV MBI-IIB [End of Ice Age] V MBIII-LBIA [LBIB] VI LBIIA-Iron IA Cent. 23rd 22nd 2174 21st 20-19th 1924 18-17th 1651 16-14th Description walls, city gate, and megarons (great rectangular halls; columned porches); textiles Large city was destroyed Cache of gold, silver, copper, and electrum shows much trade. Tower of Babel; new language is possibly Luwian with influx of scattered people City was rebuilt, and homes had dome-shaped ovens. City is isolated and poor. highest sea levels Hittite (descendants from Canaan's son, Heth) presence with more idolatry Thera eruption which brought new immigrants to Troy. Anatolian Grey Ware in Mid-Helladic III shapes also found in Miletus; 5 knobbed ware Treaty between Alaksandu of Wilusa and Muwatalli II (1506-1483) of Hatti. Hattusili III mentioned a military conflict over Wilusa (Troy) in Tawagalawa letter. Significant Aegean eruption causing people to abandon Troy during Rameses III 5 th year. Huge Aegean eruption which caused quakes at Troy, but no bodies beneath debris. A more orderly city was built, but it was destroyed by an earthquake. Huge fortified city destroyed by war (arrowheads and injured bones) with traces of fire. City destroyed by fire. Seal with Luwian hieroglyphs, and some geometric sherds found. Helladic Ilion destroyed by fire. Trade greatly reduced. City that may have been abandoned or forced into exile, but no gap of 100's of years. City on a grid with bouleuterion, odeon, agora, and stoa. Geometric designs on pottery. Roman city: 3-storey marble stage at new theater, aqueduct, bathhouses, and fountain.
(1476-1436) 1313 1310 VIh Iron IB-C 13-12th VIIa Iron IIA 11-10th VIIb1 Iron IIB 9th VIIb2 Iron IIB 8th VIIb3 Iron IIB 7th VIII Iron III 6th-3rd nd IX Iron III 2 BC-4th AD
The diameter of the citadel wall of Troy I was about 100 meters. The Troy II citadel wall (about 150 meter diameter) had four gates and several megarons. The city of Troy II was surrounded by a wooden palisade. The Troy VI citadel wall's diameter was about 250 meters, and it had three towers and four gates which encompassed several houses and a well (cistern). A ditch surrounded the entire city with limited wheeled access. Troy VII was a 440 meters squared city (roughly 50 acres) with tower bastions 18 sq. meters and a height of 9 meters. The Romans built a 142 meters squared wall around a temple to Athena with inner and outer courts and a water tank and tunnel. Outside the acropolis of Troy IX was a large amphitheater, a stone bouleuterion parliament building, and more stoas.6 In 306 BC Troy was the capital of the league of cities in Troad. In 188 BC Troy was recognized as the mother city of Rome (Ilium Novum).
The calculations are 2635 1689 = 946 BC. Based upon Newton's own observations of the equinoxes in 1728 AD, the Expedition date would have been 922 BC.13 Using equinox data from Meton and Hipparchus, Newton calculated the year 933 BC for the Argonaut Expedition, which is the date he chose for it and very close to the average of all three dates (935 BC). Using 933 BC for the year of the Argonaut Expedition, Newton proceeded to calculate the year of the Trojan War. The Trojan War was one generation later than that expedition. If you allow three generations per one hundred years, then the war occurred around 900 BC. Several captains of the Greeks in that war were sons of the Argonauts.14
In support of Newton's date, Edwin Schorr wrote the 8th-century Phrygians, who, according to Homer, were allies of Troy during its siege, copied the architectural style of the fortifications of Troy VI when they built their great gate at Gordion.15 Gordium was between the Sangarios and Halys Rivers. Schorr continued: The archaeologists also have a date for that war, ranging sometime between ca. 1260 and 1200 B.C. This date is assigned to a conflagration layer (stratum VIIa) at the site of Hissarlik in Northwestern Turkey, which, in the excavators opinion, marks the Greek destruction of Troy. The date depends on the time of the Mycenaean pottery found in this layer. That in turn is based solely on Egyptian chronology. Thus, if the Egyptian scheme is off, both the Greek calculations and the archaeological date must be changed.16 This new chronology for Troy is based upon my new chronology for Egypt and the surrounding empires in synchronization with the Holy Bible.17 Troy is a great example of how using my new chronology can resolve mysterious gaps of time which are not supported by the archaeology of the site. In order to appease the accepted Egyptian chronology, the timing of the Trojan War had to be set back three hundred years and a gap placed between Troy VII and VIII. But in 1893 Drpfeld often treated Troy VII and VIII as a single unit because it was difficult to differentiate between the two strata.18 Since then Troy VII has been subdivided.
13 14 15 16 17 18 Ibid., page 40 Pierce, Larry and Marrion, editors, Newton's Revised History of Ancient Kingdoms, Master Books, 2009, page 41 Schorr, Edwin M., Applying the Revised Chronology, Troy, http://www.varchive.org/schorr/troy.htm Ibid. A free download of my new chronology is at www.PharaohsoftheBible.com Drpfeld, W., Troja 1893: Bericht iiber die im Jahre 1893 in Troja veranstalten Ausgrabungen (Leipzig: 1894), page 64
21 22 23 24 25
Cooper, Bill, The Chronicle of the Early Britons, translation of Aeneas' Brut y Bryttaniait, page 2 Ibid., page 3 Ibid., page 4. 1150 BC was three hundred years before the Assyrians used Greek fire. Ibid., page 9 Ibid.. page 10