1.

Mathematical Description of Physical Phenomena Governing equations -- mass, momentum, energy, species General form of the scalar transport equation Elliptic, parabolic and hyperbolic equations Behavior of the scalar transport equation with respect to these equation types 2. Overview of Numerical Methods Mesh terminology and types Methods for deriving discretization equations Methods for solving discretization equations Accuracy, consistency, stability and convergence 3. Diffusion Equation Discretization of conduction equation Source terms, non-linearity Boundary conditions Under-relaxation Solution of linear equations (preliminary) Other coordinate systems Unsteady conduction Two-dimensional conduction on unstructured meshes Accuracy, stability and convergence revisited 4. Convection and Diffusion Steady one-dimensional convection and diffusion Upwind scheme Two-dimensional convection-diffusion Accuracy of upwind scheme; false diffusion Higher-order schemes Boundary conditions Generalization to unstructured meshes 5. Linear Solvers Gauss-Seidel scheme Tri-diagonal matrix algorithm (TDMA), line-iterative solvers Multi-grid methods and application to unstructured meshes Conjugate gradient methods

6. Flow Field Calculation Incompressibility issues and pressure-velocity coupling Primitive variables versus other methods Staggered grid for structured meshes SIMPLE family of algorithms Non-staggered mesh methods Body-fitted formulations Unstructured mesh formulation 7. Projects

Assignments Assignment 1 (Due January 24, 2011) Solution to Assignment 1 Assignment 2 (Due February 7, 2011) Solution to Assignment 2 Assignment 3 (Due February 21, 2011) Solution to Assignment 3 Assignment 4 (Due March 7, 2011) Solution to Assignment 4 Assignment 5 (Due April 4, 2011) Solution to Assignment 5

Final Exam Final Exam Solution Mid-Term Exam

Mid-Term Exam Solution Sample Mid-Term Exam Sample Mid-Term Exam Solution Sample Final Exam Sample Final Exam Solution

Mid-Term Exam Statistics Average: 76.6/100 Max: 99/100 Min: 43/100 Week 1 (1/10/11) 1/10/2011 Lecture 1 1/12/2011 Lecture 2 1/14/2011 Lecture 3 Week 2 (1/17/11) 1/17/2011 Lecture 4: No class (Martin Luther King Day) 1/19/2011 Lecture 5 1/21/2011 Lecture 6 Week 3 (1/24/11) 1/24/2011 Lecture 7 1/26/2011 Lecture 8 1/28/2011 Lecture 9 Week 4 (1/31/11) Source Linearization FEM Notes

1/31/2011 Lecture 10 2/2/2011 2/4/2011 Lecture 11 Lecture 12

Lecture 10 (narrated) Lecture 11 (narrated)

Week 5 (2/7/11) 2/7/2011 2/9/2011 Lecture 13 Lecture 14

2/11/2011 Lecture 15 Week 6 (2/14/11) 2/14/2011 Lecture 16 2/16/2011 Lecture 17 2/18/2011 Lecture 18 Week 7 (2/21/11) 2/21/2011 Lecture 19 2/23/2011 Lecture 20 2/25/2011 Lecture 21 Week 8 (2/28/11) 2/28/2011 Lecture 22 3/2/2011 3/4/2011 Lecture 23 Lecture 24 Lecture 22 narrated Lecture 23 narrated Lecture 24 narrated

Week 9 (3/7/11) 3/7/2011 3/9/2011 Lecture 25 Lecture 26 Lecture 26 solutions

3/11/2011 Lecture 27: Class cancelled because of evening exam

Week 10 (3/14/11) 3/14/2011 Lecture 28: No Lecture (Mid-term break) 3/16/2011 Lecture 29: No Lecture (Mid-term break) 3/18/2011 Lecture 30: No Lecture (Mid-term break) Week 11 (3/21/11) 3/21/2011 Lecture 31 3/23/2011 Lecture 32 3/25/2011 Lecture 33 Week 12 (3/28/11) 3/28/2011 Lecture 34 3/30/2011 Lecture 35 4/1/2011 Lecture 36 Problem 6.4-code Problem 6.7-code Problem 6.4-results Problem 6.7-results Lecture 31 (narrated)

Variants of SIMPLE Algorithm Week 13 (4/4/11) 4/4/2011 4/6/2011 4/8/2011 Lecture 37 Lecture 38 Lecture 39 co-located code co-located output Lecture 37 (narrated)

Week 14 (4/11/11) 4/11/2011 Lecture 40 4/13/2011 Lecture 41 4/15/2011 Lecture 42 Week 15 (4/18/11) 4/18/2011 Lecture 43 Lecture 41 (narrated)

4/20/2011 Lecture 44 4/22/2011 Lecture 45 Week 16 (4/25/11) 4/25/2011 Lecture 46 solution

Example AMG problem

Sample final exam

Sample final exam

4/27/2011 Project Presentations (Morning and Evening) 4/29/2011 Project Presentations (Morning and Evening) and Closure Instructor Information

Prof. Jayathi Y. Murthy Room 169, Mechanical Engineering, or BRK 2027B Purdue University West Lafayette, IN 47907-1288 (765) 494-5701 (phone) (765) 494-0539 (fax) jmurthy@ecn.purdue.edu Lectures MWF 9:30-10:20 am, ME 204. Assignments Bi-weekly assignments , typically consisting of 3-4 problems, will be given every other Monday. These will be due on Monday two weeks later. You are

free to discuss assignments with your classmates and with me, but the final submission must be your own work. All assignments will be posted bi-weekly on the class web page. Examinations One mid-term examination will be held 6-8:00 pm, March 9, 2011 in ME 161. The examination will be open book, open notes. There will be a final examination, the schedule for which will be announced in due course. Project Students will be expected to complete a CFD project during the course. The project will typically require 3-4 weeks of effort and will involve groups of two students working together. Suggested project topics will be discussed by the instructor in class and will be finalized during the middle of March to allow enough time for project completion. A project report will be required, and classroom presentations will be scheduled for the end of the semester. Course Textbook and Notes We will be using extensive course notes provided by the instructor. These are posted in PDF format on the class webpage. You are free to print and browse them. A useful reference book for the class is: Suhas V. Patankar, Numerical Heat Transfer and Fluid Flow , Hemisphere, 1980. Purchase of this book is optional. Office Hours Office hours will be held on Mondays 10:30 am-11:30 am in ME 169 Mechanical Engineering. Please make an appointment if this time is not convenient or if you need more time. Grading Assignments : 30 % Mid Term Examination: 25 % Final 25%

Project: 20 % Total: 100 % A mixture of absolute and relative grading will determine the final grade for the class. Project Topics A list of suggested project topics is given here. Important Dates Project reports are due on the last day of class, April 29, 2011. Project Presentations TBA Project Report Requirements The project report format should follow ASME conference publication guidelines. A sample paper is shown below. Sample ASME paper Reports should be restricted to 8-12 single-spaced pages. Please submit a paper copy to Prof. Murthy, along with an annotated copy of your code.

Projects for Spring 2011

ME 608 Suggested Project Topics 1. Multimode Heat Transfer in a Cavity The project focuses on developing a solver combining surface-to-surface radiation and conduction. Consider a square cavity containing a transparent gas such as air. The walls of the cavity are cooled on the outside by convection.The gas itself is quiescent, and heat transfer through it is by conduction alone. The walls, however, are hot enough that they radiate to each

other through the gas. Develop a finite volume solver to compute enclosure radiation heat transfer by writing the radiosity equations for all wall control surfaces, finding view factors, and solving the resulting linear system to find the wall temperatures, which are then used as boundary conditions for the conduction problem in the gas. Explore the influence of enclosure geometry and Planck number on the ratio of conduction to radiation heat transfer from the walls. 2. Algebraic Multigrid Scheme for Structured and/or Unstructured Meshes In class, we will develop an algebraic multigrid scheme for unstructured meshes. This project involves implementing the multigrid idea either using a Gauss-Seidel relaxation sweep or, for structured meshes, an LBL-TDMA, and tying this to a multigrid cycle. Explore the performance of the scheme for problems with large anisotropies in coefficients due to properties, mesh aspect ratios and other complexities.

3. Phonon Boltzmann Transport Equation Solver In recent years there has been a great deal of interest in solving the phonon Boltzmann trasnport equation to model micro-scale conduction heat transfer. In this project, take the convection schemes we developed in class and apply them to solve the phonon BTE. Show that you can recover Fourier conduction in macro domains, and explore the numerical properties of your solver over a range of acoustic thicknesses.

4. Solver for Chemically Reacting Systems Given a flow field, write a solver to solve for species transport and chemical reaction in a reacting system, taking care to properly linearize and couple your species transport equations. Explore the performance of your numerical algorithm for a range of governing parameters. 5. Solver for Radiative Transfer Equation for Participating Radiation Develop a solver for coupled thermal transport and participating radiation. Participating radiation is described by the radiative transfer equation (RTE), which is amenable to solution using the ideas about convection-diffusion equations developed in class. The RTE is coupled to the energy equation through radiative source terms. Develop a solver for the coupled system, and test your solver against a variety of published solutions.

6. Combined Lagrangian-Eulerian Solver for Particle Transport Through a Gas Solvers for spray combustion and particle transport through gases and liquids sometimes employ a coupled Lagrangian-Eulerian method for low solid/droplet volume fraction. In this approach, droplets or particles traversing the fluid are tracked individually in a Lagrangian frame of reference. Particle tracks are then located in a background mesh on which the gas phase governing equations are solved. In general, the momentum, mass and energy loss by the particles is that gained by the gas. The project involves implementing a coupled Lagrangian-Eulerian solver within the framework of a finite volume scheme.

7. SIMPLE Solver for Flow in a Driven Cavity

Implement the SIMPLE algorithm for sequential solution of the incompressible continuity and momentum equations within a finite volume framework. Establish that your code works against a variety of published solutions and examine the convergence properties of your scheme using the driven cavity problem as a test problem. This is a substantial project and will require good programming skills, but you will learn a great deal of CFD by doing it.

8. Two-Temperature Model for Porous Media Thermal transport in porous media is sometimes treated using a "two temperature" formulation. If the thermal properties of the solid and fluid media are very different from each other, the two media cannot be assumed to be in thermal equilibrium. One approach to modeling this type of situation is to pretend that each point in the medium is described by two temperatures, one for the solid and one for the fluid, and write two separate energy equations, accounting for the volume occupied by each medium, and coupling them through energy exchange terms. The objective of the project is to write a solver for this class of problem using a finite volume framework and testing the properties of the scheme against analytical and published solutions.

9. Effective Conductivity of Foams The objective of this project is to develop a solver for computing the effective thermal conductivity of metallic foams impregnated with either a solid such as paraffin, or immersed in a fluid such as air or water. For the purposes of this project, you may assume that the fluid is stationary, and further, assume that the foam can be represented by a regular structure that can be modeled in Cartesian coordinates. Develop a solver to address this coupled problem and present the effective thermal conductivity of the medium as a function of geometry and metal-substrate conductivity ratio.

10. Effective Conductivity of Particle Composites The objective of this project is to develop a solver for computing the effective thermal conductivity of particulate composites, where particles are embedded in a substrate such as polymer. The substrate is stationary. Assume that the bed can be represented by a regular or random matrix of cuboidal particles that can be modeled in Cartesian coordinates. Develop a solver to address this coupled problem and present the effective thermal conductivity of the medium as a function of geometry and particle-substrate conductivity ratio.

11. Convection-Diffusion Solver Using Control Volume-Based Finite Element Method In this class, we have looked mainly at cell-based schemes. An alternative is to develop nodebased schemes. During the 1980's, a variety of node-based schemes using the so-called controlvolume finite element methods (CVFEM) were developed which sought to combine the conservative property of finite volume schemes with the geometric flexibility of finite element schemes. The project involves developing a CVFEM solver for the convection-diffusion equation and to examine its properties. 12. Unstructured Mesh Solver for the Convection Diffusion Equation

The objective of this project is to implement the scheme that we have developed in this class, working out all the issues with respect to data structures and solution algorithms. Test your solver against published solutions and examine the numerical properties of the underlying schemes.

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1) Partial Differential Equations by W. E. Schiesser, very good http://www.lehigh.edu/~wes1/apci/28apr00.pdf 2) Computational Fluid Dynamics in Hydraulic and Sedimentation Engineering by Nils Reidar B. Olsen http://www.bygg.ntnu.no/~nilsol/ 4) Turbulence 5C1218 by KTH http://www.mech.kth.se/new/list_courses.asp 5) Applied Computational Fluid Dynamics ME 448/548: Lecture Materials http://www.me.pdx.edu/~gerry/class/ME448/ 6) Applied Computational Fluid Dynamics 5C1213 by KTH http://www.mech.kth.se/new/list_courses.asp 7) Computational Fluid Dynamics of Turbulent Flow by Lars Davidson http://www.tfd.chalmers.se/gr-kurs/MTF071 8) Fire Safety Engineering http://http-server.carleton.ca/~ghadjiso/index.html 10) ME 608 Numerical Methods in Heat, Mass and Momentum Transfer by Jayathi Y. Murthy very good!!!!! http://widget.ecn.purdue.edu/~jmurthy/me608/ 11) Numerical Computing with MATHLAB by Cleve Moler http://www.mathworks.com/moler/ 12) CVEN 302-503 Computer Applications in Engineering and Construction by HamnChing Chen 13) CVEN 680-600 Advanced Computation Methods for Fluid Flow by Hamn-Ching Chen 14) CVEN 688-600 Computational Fluid Dynamics by Hamn-Ching Chen

http://ceprofs.tamu.edu/hchen/ 15) MAE672-1 Computational Fluid Dynamics by University of Virginia https://toolkit.itc.virginia.edu/cgi...ring_MAE672-1/ 16) Advanced Topics in Aerodynamics Computational Aerodynamics http://www.aerodyn.org/CFD/ 18) Engineering Computation and Simulation, EE317 http://www.eeng.dcu.ie/~ee317/ 19) courses by David D. Apsley (Dr) all are very good http://personalpages.umist.ac.uk/staff/david.d.apsley/ 20) Numerical Solutions Applied to Heat Transfer and Fluid Mechanics http://www.personal.psu.edu/faculty/j/h/jhm/ME540/ 21) 58:160 Intermediate Mechanics of Fluids, College of Engineering, The University of Iowa http://css.engineering.uiowa.edu/~me_160/ 23) 2D1263, Scientific Computing by KTH http://www.nada.kth.se/kurser/kth/2D1263/index.html 24) Computational Fluid Dynamics by Dr.Eng.Reima Iwatsu - very good http://www.fml.m.dendai.ac.jp/iwatsu.../Computational%20Fluid%20Dynamics.pdf 25) Turbulent Thermal-Fluid Dynamics - Institute of Energy Technology, Department of Mechanical Engineering, ETH Zurich http://www.lkt.iet.ethz.ch/~lakehal/...4/material.htm 26) MTF112 Convective heat transfer by Chalmers http://www.tfd.chalmers.se/grkurs/MTF112/index.html 27) SOLUTION METHODS IN COMPUTATIONAL FLUID DYNAMICS by Thomas H. Pulliam http://people.nas.nasa.gov/~pulliam/...vki_notes.html 28) FACE7: Numerisk Fluidmekanik http://www.face.auc.dk/face/face7/courses/ 29) NUMERICAL METHODS FOR PARTIAL DIFFERENTIAL EQUATIONS CAAM 452 Lecturer: Dr Tim Warburton http://www.caam.rice.edu/~caam452/ 30) METR 5344 CFD Course Home Page (Spring 2000) Instructor: Dr. Ming Xue http://twister.caps.ou.edu/cfd2000/ 31) CSI 756 - Numerical Methods for Climate Dynamics by Professor Paul Schopf http://www.scs.gmu.edu/climate/courses/csi756/

32) ACM 210a Numerical Methods for PDEs http://www.acm.caltech.edu/~acm210/2005/WINTER/ 34) AA510 CFD II by Washington University http://www.aa.washington.edu/courses/aa510/ 35) ASEN 5227 Aerospace Math 1 http://www.colorado.edu/ASEN/asen5227/ 36) Strmningsmekanik/Fluid Mechanics 5C1214 Strmningsmekaniskaberkningar/Computational Fluid Dynamics 5C1212 Dan Henningson, Professor in Fluid Mechanics KTH http://www2.mech.kth.se/~henning/ 37) courses by Division of Thermo and Fluid Dynamics at the Department of Mechanical Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology in Gteborg http://www.tfd.chalmers.se/

REPORTS

A few sample project reports submitted for the final project in ME 608 in Spring 2006 are posted below. The projects were approximately one month's effort. Students could select from a list provided by the instructor, or work on a topic of their own choosing. The use of commercial CFD codes was not allowed, and each project required code development based on the material covered in the class. SIMPLE solver for driven cavity Algebraic multigrid solver for structured meshes Unstructured mesh solver for the convection-diffusion equation Control volume-based finite element method for unstructured meshes Multimode heat transfer in a high-temperature heat sink Effective thermal conductivity of particulate composites Radiative transport in participating media

Boltzmann solver for phonon transport

Course Organization Syllabus Assignments Examinations Class Notes Fluent/Gambit Materials Announcements Project Requirements Project Reports Lectures

This course focuses on the finite volume method and its use in the analysis of fluid dynamics, heat and mass transfer problems. A general framework for the discretization of convection-diffusion equations is developed for both structured and unstructured meshes. Issues of accuracy, stability and convergence are addressed. Techniques for the solution of linear algebraic systems are presented for both structured and unstructured discretizations. The computation of fluid flow and issues of pressurevelocity coupling for incompressible flows are addressed next, with an emphasis on sequential techniques. The course involves hands-on code development as well as use of a commercial code for solving a variety of practical engineering problems.

Thomas H. Pulliam NASA Ames Research Center Moffett Field, CA 94035 email:Thomas.H.Pulliam@nasa.gov

$Modified: Fri Nov 13 12:46:41 2009 by pulliam $

Days/Times/Classroom: MW 03:15PM-04:30PM BLD: 540 Room 108 Office Hours: Wednesdays 2PM-3:05PM, Location: Lobby of Durand 2nd Floor
Class Links and Information

Announcements General Info:

Week 1: Read Chaps 1-2, Homework #1 assigned Notes AA214A Intro Slide AA214A: Lecture 1 [pdf 214Kb] Euler to Wave Equation Notes : Lecture 2a [pdf 51Kb] Wave Equation Exact Solution Notes : Lecture 2b [pdf 51Kb] Week 2: Read Chap 3 Notes from Chapter 3: Finite-Differences / Taylor Tables: Lecture 3 [pdf 114Kb] Notes from Chapter 3: Compact Schemes [pdf 75Kb] Taylor table for 6th Order Accurate Generalized Pade Differenceing schemes: Lecture 3 [pdf 5.8Kb] Notes from Chapter 3: Matrix Form For Difference Schemes : Lecture 4 [pdf 20.1Kb] Notes from Chapter 3: Modified Wave Number Analysis : Lecture 4 [pdf 6.6Kb] Homework #2 Assigned

Week 3: Read Chap 4 Continue Lecture 4 (Updated): Notes from Chapter 3: Modified Wave Number Analysis : Lecture 5 [pdf 6.6Kb] Chapter 4 Notes: Lecture 5,6 [pdf 917Kb]

Week 3-5: Read Chap 6 Notes from Chapter 6 [pdf 92Kb] Homework #3 Assigned

Week 4-6: Read Chap 7,8 Notes from Chapter 7 [pdf 138Kb] Notes from Chapter 8 [pdf 90Kb]

Midterm: Oct.28th, In class, closed book

The Mid Term from AA214 Fall 2008, Stanford U. MIDTERM 2008 (PDF) MID TERM Answers (PDF)

Week 6 Read Chap 11 Chap 11 Notes AA214A Notes from Chapter 11 [pdf 107Kb] {New Notes}

Week 6-7 Read Chap 12 Chap 12 Notes AA214A Notes from Chapter 12 [pdf 150Kb] {New Notes}

Week 8 Read Chap 13 Chap 13 Notes AA214A Notes from Chapter 13 [pdf 62Kb] {New Notes} Homework #4 Assigned

FUNDAMENTALS OF COMPUTATIONAL FLUID DYNAMICS

Thomas H. Pulliam NASA Ames Research Center Moffett Field, CA 94035 $Modified: Mon Sep 28 10:37:22 2009 by pulliam $

Notes AA214A Latest Update Sept. 28 2009 Intro Slide AA214A [pdf 15Kb] Euler to Wave Equation Notes: Lecture [pdf 7.8Kb] Wave Equation Exact Solution Notes : Lecture pdf 6.9Kb] Notes from Chapter 3: Finite-Differences / Taylor Tables: Lecture 3 [pdf 114Kb] Notes from Chapter 3: Compact Schemes [pdf 75Kb] Taylor table for 4th Order Accurate Pade Differenceing schemes [pdf 3.9Kb] Taylor table for 6th Order Accurate Generalized Pade Differenceing schemes [pdf 5.8Kb] Notes from Chapter 3: Modified Wave Number Analysis [pdf 6.6Kb] Notes from Chapter 3: Matrix Form For Difference Schemes [pdf 20.1Kb] Chapter 4 Notes: Semi-Discrete Approach [pdf 11.6Kb] Notes from Chapter 5: Finitie-Volume Methods [pdf 12.1Kb] Notes from Chapter 6: Time-Marching Methids for ODE's [pdf 36.6Kb] Notes from Chapter 7: Stability of Linear Systems [pdf 18Kb]

Notes from Chapter 8: Choosing a Time-marching Method[pdf 11.1Kb] Notes from Chapter 11: Numerical Dissipation [pdf 23Kb] Notes from Chapter 12: Split and Factored Forms [pdf 23.9Kb] Notes from Chapter 13: Analysis of Split and Factored Forms [pdf 12.7Kb] Final Project Notes Slides for Final Project Discussion [pdf 32Kb]

New Matlab Examples

Stability in the Lambda Plane for Various O-Delta-E's Lambda Eigenvalues/Modified Wave Number for Difference Schemes Shows various Matrix forms of differencing schemes and their eigenvalues Matrix forms for various differencing schemes Example of some time differencing schemes for wave propagation Driver Matlab code for plotting various Modified Wave Numbers Matlab code for computing Modified Wave Numbers for Spatial Differencing Schemes

AA214A Additional Handouts:

Appendices A & B from notes [postscript ] ....[pdf format ] Supplemental Handout #1 [postscript 61Kb] ....[pdf format 289Kb] Notes on useful series expansions [postscript 21Kb] ....[pdf format 71Kb] Notes Compact Pade Differenceing schemes [postscript 468Kb] ....[pdf format 259Kb]

Notes on the Euler Equations [postscript 10Mb] ....[pdf format 9.5Mb] Numerical Chaos and Iterative Equations [postscript 7.2Mb] ....[pdf format 7.9Mb] !! Note Page 4 Takes a Long Time to Display

Tar file of Notes on the Euler Equations Tar file of Numerical Chaos and Iterative Equations

Implicit Methods in CFD [postscript 376Kb] ....[pdf format 2.9Mb]

Check out the Matlab codes for plotting Stability in the Sigma-Lambda Planes A Standalone Matlab code plotting Various O-Delta-E'sin the Complex sigma plane: See Chapter 7 of the notes A Standalone Matlab code plotting Various O-Delta-E'sin the Complex lambda plane: See Chapter 7 of the notes I have also included a GUI version of the some code: grab the next 4 files and put into a single directory and run "Stabilty" at the matlab prompt A GUI Matlab code plotting Various O-Delta-E's: See Chapter 7 of the notes Needed for GUI Same as sigma_plot_alone.m for use with Stabilty.m Same as lambda_plot_alone.m for use with Stabilty.m title matlab file unpack the unix tar file and make the file accessible to matlab or download the files seperately from files

A Matlab code showing the effect grid resolution on the representation of waves. Also check out the Matlab example programs on modified wave number analysis A Matlab code showing the effect of finite differencing schemes on wave propagation. A support routine for My matlab codes (you need this)