Workdone by Force on smaller cyliner with Area A1 =work done by Force on bigger Cylinder A2 P1=F1/A1=P2=F2/A2 F1/10in2=60lbf/30in2 F1 = 20 lbf(Ans) Equating

the Volume A1*x1=A2*X2 X1=30in2*6in/10 in2 = 18 in(ans) Work done = Force*displacement =20*lbf*18 in=360 lbf-in(ans)

This can also be solve using differential equation method for the particular condition we can use the numerical method Net Inflow of water =Qin-Qout =1000-800 gal/min =200gal/min =26.736 ft3 So the Water will accumulate in tank and the water level will rise in tank So the water level after 5 hr ( 300 min) = initial level + rise of water level/min*time in min = 5ft +(Net flow rate in ft3/min/Area in Ft2)*time in min =5+(26.736/(22/7)*(11*11))*300 Ft =26.09152ft(ans)

Assuming that p1 > p2, the net force acting on the piston and mass m is (p1 p2)A, and thus from Newtons law, F = (p1 p2)A Now F =mg=(p1-p2)*A 0.6*1000N=(3X105-105)Pa*A A=0.003 m2(Ans)

Let ft be the tangential force of the surface acting on the cylinder (positive to the left). Summing moments in the clockwise direction about the mass center of the cylinder gives I= Rft Again From kinematics, if there is no slipping, x = R and thus x = R . Summing horizontal forces on the cylinder gives mx = f ft Thus ft = f mx. Substituting this into I= Rft we can get as I = Rf mRx = Rf mR(R) (I + mR2) = Rf = R(p1 p2)A Now substituting the values we get [7 + 100(0.4)2] =0.4(3 105)0.005 = 600 =26.087 or d/dt =26.087 integrating we get (t)=26.087t

Assuming no friction and summing horizontal forces, we obtain and that p1 > p2, the net force acting on the piston and mass m is (p1 p2)A, and thus from Newtons law, mx = (p1 p2)A

Again putting the values , we get Now at x(0)=0 so x(0)=0 So v(t)=0+3in^2/600lbf(10lb/in^2)*(0.5-0) = 0.025 in/s So x= (1/2)*v(t)*t =0.5*0.025in/s*0.05s = 0.00625in [since u=0]

Two mass species are conserved here: water mass and salt mass. The tank is always full, so the mass of water mw in the tank is constant, and thus conservation of water mass gives dmw/dt =10w + 2w wqvo = 0 where w is the mass density of fresh water, and qvo is the volume outow rate of the mixed solution. This equation gives qvo = 10 + 2 = 12m3/s. The salt mass in the tank is soV , and conservation of salt mass gives d/dt( soV)= 0(10)-2si-si-so*qv0= 2si-12s0 now with V=300 m3 300(ds0/dt) =2si-12s0 This is the model. The time constant for the mixing process is 300/12 =25 s. Thus, if si is initially zero and then becomes a nonzero constant value S, the salt concentration in the outow will eventually become constant at the value 2S/12 =S/6 after approximately 4(25) = 100 s.

Now the Dynamic model equation for the tank d/dt( soV)= 0(10)-2si-si-so*qv0= 2si-12s0 now with V=V m3 (dVs0/dt) =2si-12s0 Now Time constant or lag Constant = V/12 Now V/12 =20s So V =400 So Volume has to be fixed to 400 m3/s for lag equal to 20s (Ans)

the volume of the cylindrical segment is given by multiplying the area of a circular segment of height by the length of the tank , Now the C=dm/dp and m=V and p=hg or h= p/g So m = L[(D2/4)*Cos-1((D-2h)/D)-((D-2h)/2)*sqrt(Dh-h2)] So m =L[(D2/4)*Cos-1(Dg-2p/Dg)-((Dg-2p))/2g)*sqrt(Dp/g)-(p/g)2)] So C=dm/dp = L[D2/sqrt(-4p2-4Dpg)- (Dg-2p)2/22Dg2*sqrt(Dpg-p2)-2p/ 2Dg2 sqrt(Dpg-p2)

Now the Volume of the section V = Rectangular section + trapezoidal section V=D1*L*h +2* (1/2)*(h-D2)2 *Cos*L But p=hg , h=p/g So m= V = D1*L*( p/g ) +( p/g-D2)2 *Cos*L C=dm/dp =D1L/g+ 2(p-D2g)/D2)*(1/g)*cos*L

Now with qmo = 0, C p = qmi, Now Now

L[D2/sqrt(-4p2-4Dpg)- (Dg-2p)2/22Dg2*sqrt(Dpg-p2)-2p/ 2Dg2 sqrt(Dpg-p2)]p*dp/dt = qmi, Or qmi,= L[D2/sqrt(-4h2g2-4 2g2hD)- (Dh 2g2-2h2 2g2)2/23Dhg3*sqrt(Dh 2g2 -h2 2g2)-(2h/ Dg)* sqrt(Dh 2g2-h2 2g2)] gh*dh/dt

Now with qmo = 0, C p = qmi, Now Now C=dm/dp =D1L/g+ 2(p-D2g)/D2)*(1/g)*cos*L So qmi=C*dp/dt Now dp/dt =pg*(dh/dt) So qmi=D1L +((2h-D2 2g2)/D2 g)*cos*L

The laminar resistance for a level pipe of diameter D and length L is given by the Hagen-Poiseuille formula So R = 128*1.58E-5N.s/m^2*1m/((22/7)*(1.2885kg/m^3)*(1-E)^4m^4) =49941.08724 Reynolds number Ne, the ratio of the uids inertial forces to the viscosity forces. For a circular pipe, and

Now the p =v2*L*/2D considering the friction factor neglagible Or v2=p*2D/L =10.1325Pa*1m*1.2885kg/m3/2*1E-3m=6527.863 m2/s2 So v =80.79519 m/s Ne =1.2885kg/m3*80.79519 m/s*1E-3m/1.58E-5N.s/m2=6588.899

Mass flow rate =v*A*=80.79519 m/s*(22/7)*(1/4)*(1E-6)* 1.2885kg/m3 =8.17965E05kg/s Le =0.06*D*Ne =0.06*1E-3m*6588.899 =0.395334m

Consider the flow dynamics of a simple holding tank where the exit flow rate is determined from the water pressure in the tank.

The exhaust pressure is Pa and the inlet flow rate is the input forcing function. The state variable is the height of water in the tank and the output of interest is the exit mass flow rate, we. From a mass balance on this system, we have

The mass is the density times the volume and, for a tank with vertical sides, we have and The outlet mass flow rate can be written in terms of the exit velocity, ve, or Performing an energy balance on a small control volume at the exit gives (with ),

or, in words, this can be stated as

where we have assumed no energy storage or mass storage in this incremental element. If we also assume negligible changes in internal energy and elevation (i.e. and ), and that v1 is small compared to v2, the conservation of energy equation states that

Combining the above equations gives Thus the state equation for this first-order system is nonlinear. This expression says that the rate of change of mass within the tank is equal to the mass flow rate in minus the mass flow rate out, where the mass in the tank and the exit flow rate are both written in terms of the height of the fluid in the tank at time t. If we define the resistance for liquid flow in a restriction, such as the open pipe at the tank exit or an orifice in the exit line, as the change in level difference between the two tanks necessary to cause a unit change in flow rate, then we have

or, for the current situation,

From the Solution of 7.13

The Equation of the dynamics interms of height of the tank A(dh/dt)=-A(2gh) +qmi Now using p(gauge)=pg =hg and dp/dt =g(dh/dt) The Equation of the dynamics in-terms of gauge pressure of the tank

(1/g)*dpg/dt =-A(pg*)

A] the linear resistance = sqrt(2gh)/gA(exit) =sqrt(2*9.8m/s^2*5m)/1000kg/m^3*9.8m/s^2*20m^2 = 5.05076E-05 ms/kg Volume =100m^3 So 98% volume =98m^3 So volumetric flow rate =98m^3/200s =0.49m^3/s 7.15 a) The model is Adh dt = g R h where A = 20. The time constant is = RA/g. Taking the time to empty to be 4,we obtain = 200/4 = 50 s. Thus R= g A =24.525 m1s1 b) The model is A dh dt =3 g R h Thus hss =

3R g = 3(24.525) 9.81 =7.5m