THE ANNUAL SYMPOSIUM OF THE INSTITUTE OF SOLID MECHANICS

SISOM 2002
BUCHAREST May 16-17
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

ASPECTS OF RESEARCH AEOLIAN VIBRATIONS OF HIGHVOLTAGE OVERHEAD ELECTRIC LINES

Alexandru Albrecht*, Marcel Migdalovici*
ABSTRACT In this paper is described the influence of two factors about aeolian vibration of conductor of highvoltage overhead electric lines and thus: static longitudinal load of the conductor and turbulence intensity of the wind. In conclusion is exposed what many tests are necessary for determine more exactly the conductor parameters of mathematical modeling in aeolian vibration regime. This parameters are: conductor self damping at different tensile load, W!!hler curve of new or old (which have work) o conductors, wind energy input in span of overhead electric lines for different terrain characteristics. We appreciate that in present the best safety protection against aeolian vibration is damper type Stockbridge and for high risk at aeolian vibration, protection add armour rod at suspension clamp.

One of the conductor states which interested the designing and operation of overhead electric lines (o.e.l.) is the aeolian vibration state. In this state, dynamic stresses (alternating bending stresses) of aeolian vibration are superimposed on the already present static stresses, such as conductor tensile stress, bending stress due to sag, and compressive stress due to clamping. Aeolian vibration is one harmonious motion in vertical plan, due to of a quasi-laminar wind in single conductor, uncovered with ice. Below are presented the parameters that describe the Karman effect. " v [m/s] is the horizontal component of wind speed, applied orthogonal on the conductor. " F[N] is the harmonic exciting force which generate Karman effect. [rad/sec] is angular frequency of the harmonic exciting force. f [Hz] is the frequency of the harmonic exciting force. [m] is the external diameter of the conductor. 0,2 [ - ] is Strouhal coefficient. One of the parameters which influence aeolian vibration of the conductor is static load of the conductor. Increasing of the static load of conductor determine increasing his susceptibility to aeolian vibration thanks to the fact that the transversal vibration wave travel on the
*

Institute of Solid Mechanics

189

conductor length with increasing speed, what lead at rapidly formation of stationary wave at the span of lines (distance between two support towers). The speed of propagation for transversal vibration wave is: g Tg VT = [ m/s ] = w where: T [N] is static load (horizontal projection) in conductor w [ N/m] is conductor weight of the unit length, g [ m/s2 ] is the gravitation constant [ N / mm2] is the horizontal static stress in conductor 2 [ N/m mm ] is the weight of the one meter of the conductor report at his cross section Also, the increasing of the static tensile load in conductor lead to increasing of conductor rth natural frequency: r T r 2 EI 2 fr = [1+ ( ) [ Hz ] 2 L m L T where: r [ - ] is the harmonious order, L [ m ] is the span of overhead electric line, m [kg /m] is the conductor mass per unit length, E [N/m2] is the cond. Youngs modulus, I [m4] is the second moment of area of conductor cross section about its neutral axis. EI [ Nm2 ] is the conductor flexural rigidity (stiffness) Vibration with high frequency lead to accumulate in short time a many cycles, consequently rise danger break conductor by fatigue. Other aspect of increasing the tensile load in conductor is decreasing friction between wires. In this case the conductor approach is homogeneous beam, therefore conductor self damping decrease and inverse. World experience of last 35 years show [1] that tensile load limitation (E.D.S.every day stress) at value 18% U.T.S. ( ultimate tensile strength at temperature 15oC) is not sufficient for elimination danger of breaks wires in conductors about fatigue thanks to Aeolian vibration.. Thus in [1] shows a statistic of damages of lines in correlation with E.D.S. TABLE I Service life Years 5 > 5 and 10 > 10 and 20 > 20 % of lines damaged EDS < 18% EDS 18% 5.26 25.00 20.93 35.29 45.00 78.00 58.93 91.67
1

Other parameter which influence conductor dynamic behaviour at wind action is wind turbulence. Maximum power transfer from wind to conductor there are in resonance vicinity. Increase turbulence intensity of the wind, of ununiformity about span of wind speed, gusts of wind, decrease transfer of power wind-conductor, what have as effect decrease danger of appearance of dangerous aeolian vibrations.

190

The wind turbulence is strongly influenced of interaction wind-ground. Generally, in flat grounds, no obstruction, obtain a low turbulence intensity (quasi-laminar regime) and inversely. In [1] are presented the results of measurements in O.E.L. for turbulence intensity. Thus, turbulence intensity define as value R.M.S. (root mean square) report to speed mean (measure of the speed on 10m above the ground) (tab.2. [1]) TABLE II Terrain Turbulence Intensity Open sea; large stretches of open water 0.11 Rural areas; open country with few, low, obstacles 0.18 Low-density built-up areas; small town; suburbs; open 0.25 woodland with small trees Town and city centers with high density of buildings; broken 0.35 country with tall trees Some of authors make more fines classifications which approach much more of reality. In mathematical modeling, based on energetic balance, the introduce energy of the wind on O.E.L. span, take into account the wind turbulence intensity. It mention what results present in tab.2 are more approach for strong winds (v>8m/s)[1]. At wind with v<8m/s, the big results scattering, due to ascending streams which form due to temperature difference air-ground(ascending streams generate increase wind turbulence) The results of measurements (tab.1) show what use E.D.S. 0.18 U.T.S. do not guarantee 100% conductor protection at vibrations. The Romanian norm PE 104/1993 [2], no indicate dampers for E.D.S. 0.18 UTS and indicate E.D.S. = 0.25 U.T.S. when the span have dampers. The paper [1] propose decreasing of the tensile load T and recommend, for unprotected conductor at vibrations, ratio T/w between 1000 (for zone with high vibration risk) and about 1400 (for zone with low vibration risk consequently an wind with high turbulence intensity) (tab.3) TABLE III Terrain Terrain characteristics category 1 Open, flat, no trees, no obstruction, with snow cover, or near/across large bodies of water, flat desert 2 Open, flat, no obstruction, no snow; e.g. farmland without any obstruction, summer time 3 Open, flat, or undulating with very few obstacles, e.g. open grass or farmland with few trees, hedgerows and other barriers; prairie, tundra. 4 Built-up with some trees and buildings, e.g. residential suburbs; small towns, woodlands and shrubs. Small fields with bushes, trees and hedges. T/w [m] adm. 1000 1125 1225 1425

191

In this table T [N] is safety tensile load of conductor, recommend at average temperature of coldest month, valid for: homogeneous conductors ( all aluminum conductors AAC and all aluminum alloy conductors AAAC), aluminum conductor aluminum reinforced-ACAR, aluminum conductor steel reinforced-ACSR. If calculate tensile load T, in accordance with this recommendations [1], for a few of Romanian conductors used in O.E.L., result a significant decrease of traction in comparison with E.D.S. = 0.18 U.T.S. (tab.4) TABLE IV Cond. ST/AL STAS 3000/86 120/21 185/32 240/40 300/50 450/75 95/55 300/69 CONCLUSIONS 1. In accordance with [1] are not sufficient operation data of O.E.L. for decrease of tensile load in conductors (T) below value E.D.S. = 0.18 U.T.S. ( horizontal tension ) 2. Decrease T increase galloping risk and put up the price of O.E.L. due to increase the height poles. 3. Are necessary many tests for determine more exactly of conductor parameters mathematical modeling in Aeolian vibration regime. This parameters are: conductor self damping at different tensile load, W !! hler curve of new or old o (which have work) conductors, wind energy input in span of O.E.L. for different terrain characteristics. 4. We appreciate that in present the best safety protection against Aeolian vibration is damper type Stockbridge and for high risk at Aeolian vibration, protection add armor rod at suspension clamp. REFERENCES [1] CIGRE SC22-WG11-TF4 Safe Design Tension with Respect to Aeolian Vibration., Part 1: Single Unprotected Conductors. iunie 1998 [2] Arie A. Arie s.a. Retele Electrice calcul mecanic, Ed. Tehnica 1981 [3] RENEL, Normativ pentru constructia liniilor electrice aeriene de energie electrica cu tensiuni peste 1000v-PE 104/93. Romanian norm for building O.E.L. (voltage > 1000V) W [ N/m] 4.92 7.43 9.49 11.81 17.93 6.97 13.62 EDS=0.18UTS [N] 8181 12003 15121 18666 29221 13835 23328 T=1000 w [N] 4920 7430 9490 11810 17930 6970 13620 T=1400 w [N] 6888 10402 13286 16534 25102 9758 19068

192