NAT SCI 1 - Into to Physical Science

GBS FOR WEEK NO. 7

ENERGY AND ITS FORMS Objectives At the end of the lesson, the student should be able to: 1. define energy; 2. enumerate the different forms of energy; and 3. describe each forms of energy. Lesson Proper/ Content What Is Energy? The term energy is closely linked with the idea of force and motion. Force is a push or full. According to Newtons law of motion, the more precise definition of force is a capability to change the state of motion as a result of interaction. On the other hand, motion is a change in the position of a body with respect to time, as measured by a particular observer in a particular frame of reference. Can you name some of the applications of energy? Energy makes change possible. We use it to do things for us. It moves cars along the road and boats over the water. It bakes a cake in the oven and keeps ice frozen in the freezer. It plays our favorite songs on the radio and lights our homes. Energy is needed for our bodies to grow and it allows our minds to think. Scientists define energy as the ability to do work. Modern civilization is possible because we have learned how to change energy from one form to another and use it to do work for us and to live more comfortably. Forms of Energy Energy can be seen in plants, animals, humans and things. It can be found in different forms such as light, heat, chemical, and motion. There are many forms of energy, but they can be divided into two categories: potential and kinetic. Potential Energy Potential energy is stored energy and the energy of position or energy at rest. There are several forms of potential energy. 1. Chemical Energy is stored energy in the bonds of atoms and molecules. This involve in chemical reactions. Examples of stored chemical energy are biomass, petroleum, natural gas, and coal. Chemical energy is transformed to thermal energy when we burn wood in a fireplace or burn gasoline in a car's engine.

2. Mechanical Energy is stored energy in objects by tension. Compressed springs and stretched rubber bands are examples of stored mechanical energy. 3. Nuclear Energy is stored energy in the nucleus of an atom the energy that holds the nucleus together. It involves nuclear interactions. Very huge amounts of energy can be released when the nuclei are combined or split apart. In nuclear power plants, the nuclei of uranium atoms split in a process called fission. On the other hand, the nuclei of hydrogen atoms and the sun combines in a process called fusion. 4. Gravitational Energy is stored energy in an object's height. The higher and heavier the object, the more gravitational energy is stored. When you ride a bicycle down a steep road and pick up speed, the gravitational energy is being transformed to motion energy. Another example is the Hydropower, where the dam "piles" up water from a river into a reservoir. 5. Electrical Energy is the energy from electromagnetic interactions. This is also energy stored in a battery which can be used to power a cell phone or start a car. Electrical energy is carried by tiny charged particles called electrons, typically moving through a wire. Lightning is an example of electrical energy. Another example is a chemical cell in a flashlight that generates electrical energy. Kinetic Energy Kinetic energy is energy by virtue of motion. 1. Radiant Energy is electromagnetic energy that travels in transverse waves and through space. Radiant energy includes visible light and other parts of the spectrum including x-rays, gamma rays and radio waves. Light is one type of radiant energy. Sunlight is radiant energy, which gives the fuel and warmth that make life on Earth possible. 2. Thermal Energy, also called heat energy, is the vibration and movement of the atoms and molecules within substances. The atoms and molecules move and collide faster when an object is heated up. Example of thermal energy in the Earth is the geothermal energy. 3. Motion Energy is stored energy in the movement of objects. The more energy is stored when the object move faster. Wind is an example of motion energy. 4. Sound Energy is the movement of energy through substances in longitudinal (compression/rarefaction) waves. Sound is created when a force causes an object or substance to vibrate the energy is transmitted through the substance in a wave.

Transformations of Energy Let us recall the first law of thermodynamics the law of conservation of energy. This law says that energy is neither created nor destroyed. To Scientists "conservation of energy" does not imply saving energy. We just change it from one form of energy into another. When we use energy, it doesn't vanish but we only change its form. Below are some energy transformations.

Here are some examples of conversion of energy from one form to another: A car engine burns gasoline, converting the chemical energy in stored in the gasoline into mechanical energy. Solar cells capture radiant energy and change into electrical energy. Energy change in its form, but the total amount of energy in the universe remains the same. When we say "energy efficiency", it connotes to the amount of useful energy you get from any type of system. A perfectly energy-efficient machine would change all the energy put in it into useful work. In reality, converting one form of energy into another form always involves a loss of usable energy. In fact, most energy transformations are not very efficient. Let us consider our human body as an example. Our body is like a machine, and the food that we eat fuels for our machine. Food gives us the energy to move, respire, and think. But our body is not very efficient at converting food into useful work. Our body is less than 5% efficient most of the time. There is a lost of energy in the form of heat. When we exercise we can really feel that heat!

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PROFESSOR/SUBJECT SPECIALIST
Maribel Cruz