CHAPTER 5 VALUES DEFINITION OF VALUES Values can be defined as those things that are important to or valued by someone.

It provides the basis for judgment about what is important. It can be defined as broad preferences concerning appropriate courses of action or outcomes. As such, values reflect a persons sense of right and wrong or what ought to be. Equal rights for all, "Excellence deserves admiration", and People should be treated with respect and dignity are representative of values. Values tend to influence attitudes and behavior. For example, if you value equal rights for all and you go to work for an organization that treats its managers much better than it does its workers, you may form the attitude that the company is an unfair place to work; consequently, you may not produce well or may perhaps leave the company. It is likely that if the company had a more egalitarian policy, your attitude and behaviors would have been more positive. Values are principles, standards, or qualities you consider worthwhile or desirable. Values will vary greatly from person to person because they depend on your personal judgment. Classification of Values Values can be grouped into the following groups: 1. Instrumental values 2. Moral values 3. Intrinsic values 4. Aesthetic values Instrumental values are those dealing with the means of achieving economic gain, like money and status. Moral values are those dealing with the notions of right and wrong. Intrinsic values are those which are desired for their own sake, like happiness, truth and peace Aesthetic values are those that refer to our standards of judgment of what is beautiful and ugly. Value system is a set of consistent ethic values (more specifically the personal and cultural values) and measures used for the purpose of ethical or ideological integrity. A well defined value system is a moral code. A personal value system is held by and applied to one individual only. A communal or cultural value system is held by and applied to a community/group/society. Some communal value systems are reflected in the form of legal codes or law.

PERSONAL VALUES According to Morris Massey values are formed during three significant periods: 1. Imprint period from birth to 7 years. 2. Modeling period from 8 13 years. 3. Socialization period from 13 21 years. Personal Values provide an internal reference for what is good, beneficial, important, useful, beautiful, desirable, constructive, etc. Values generate behavior and help solve common human problems for survival by comparative rankings of value, the results of which provide answers to questions of why people do what they do and in what order they choose to do them. Over time the public expression of personal values, that groups of people find important in their day-to-day lives, laid the foundations of law, custom and tradition. Personal Values in this way exist in relation to cultural values, either in agreement with or divergent from prevailing norms. A culture is a social system that shares a set of common values, in which such values permit social expectations and collective understandings of the good, beautiful, constructive, etc. Without normative personal values, there would be no cultural reference against which to measure the virtue of individual values and so culture identity would disintegrate. Wyatt Woodsmall points out that 'Criteria' are used to refer to 'the standards on which an evaluation is based'. Values relate then to what one wants and in what order one wants them, criteria can only refer to the evidences for achieving values and act as a comparative standard that one applies in order to evaluate whether goals have been met / values satisfied. Values are obtained in many different ways. The most important piece for building values is a person's family. The family is responsible for teaching children what is right and wrong long before there are other influences. As it is said that, a child is a reflection of the parents. As a child starts school, school helps some to shape the values of children. Then there is religion that the family introduces to a child that plays a role in teaching the right and wrong behaviors.

CULTURAL VALUES Cultures have values that are largely shared by their members. The values of a society can often be identified by noting which people receive honor or respect. In the US, for example, professional athletes at the top levels in some sports are honored (in the form of monetary payment) more than college professors. Surveys show that voters in the United States would be reluctant to elect an atheist as a president, suggesting that belief in God is a value. There is a difference between values clarification and cognitive moral education. Values clarification is, "helping people clarify what their lives are for and what is worth working for. Students are encouraged to define their own values and understand others' values." Cognitive moral education is based on the belief that students should learn to value things like democracy and justice as

their moral reasoning develops."Educationist Chaveen Dissanayake says personal and cultural values can be varied by the living standards of a person. Values are related to the norms of a culture, but they are more global and abstract than norms. Norms are rules for behavior in specific situations, while values identify what should be judged as good or evil. Flying the national flag on a holiday is a norm, but it reflects the value of patriotism. Wearing dark clothing and appearing solemn are normative behaviors at a funeral. In certain cultures they reflect the values of respect and support of friends and family. Different cultures reflect different values. "Over the last three decades, traditional-age college students have shown an increased interest in personal well-being and a decreased interest in the welfare of others."Values seemed to have changed, affecting the beliefs, and attitudes of college students. Members take part in a culture even if each member's personal values do not entirely agree with some of the normative values sanctioned in the culture. This reflects an individual's ability to synthesize and extract aspects valuable to them from the multiple subcultures they belong to. If a group member expresses a value that is in serious conflict with the group's norms, the group's authority may carry out various ways of encouraging conformity or stigmatizing the nonconforming behavior of its members. For example, imprisonment can result from conflict with social norms that have been established as law. Besides, Institutions in the Global Economy can genuinely respect values which are of three kinds based on a triangle of coherence. On one side, it lies today within the World Trade Organization (WTO), as well as in the second side within the United Nations - particularly the Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) - providing a framework for global legitimacy through accountability. On the third side, the expertise of member-driven international organizations and civil society depends on the incorporation of flexibilities in the rules, so as to preserve the expression of identity in a globalized world. Nonetheless, in a warlike economic competition, differing visions contradicts, particularly on culture. Hence a movie is an artistic creation in Europe, and then benefits from special treatment, while it is only a mere entertainment in the U.S. whatever his own artistic performance. Even within the fragmented Europe, interventionist policies based on the notion of cultural exception get opposed to the policy of the cultural specificity on the liberal Anglo-Saxon side. Indeed, in international law, films are traditionally seen as property, and the content of television programs is defined as a service. Consequently cultural interventionist policies get opposed to Anglo-Saxon liberal position, causing failures in international negotiations.

BASIC CONCEPTS ABOUT VALUES Importance of Values:

1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14.

Values help you get and stay motivated. Values relate to our purpose in life and are used as guiding principles, rules if you will, to make your life easier. Values provide you with a strong foundation; a method for living your life to its fullest. Values will also help you in finding your purpose in life. Clarifying values is an integral part of personal growth. Knowing what's most important to us provides a blueprint and direction in our lives. Values Clarification is a key area in our self-knowledge because we develop a greater awareness of our core values. Knowing our core values or what is most important to us is extremely relevant to creating goals, setting priorities, and managing our time. You will have solid ideas about where you will commit blocks of our energy and time. Less important areas can be set aside or dropped from our schedules. When we have to make choices between activities, we'll have our core values to guide us. When we clarify our values, we also have the opportunity to strengthen our value system and integrity and to integrate ourselves into wholeness with international expectations.

When I have values: I know what is important to me I am able to set my priorities right I am honest I am systematic when doing things I decide before I act I am responsible I have respect for other people I am accountable for my actions I have respect for life I have commitment in whatever I do I show kindness I have self control Values only have value when they are acted upon. You have had the chance to explore your personal values and to examine other peoples values in relation to sustainable living by analyzing a controversial development through a case study. There are Four (4) other aspects of sociological concept of values: 1. 2. 3. 4. Values exist at different levels of generality or abstraction; Values tend to be hierarchically arranged Values are explicit and implicit in varying degrees; and Values often are in conflict with one another.

Pauls Top 10 Core Values

1. Faith & Relationship with God 2. Devotion to Family 3. Compassion & Love 4. Giving 5. Integrity 6. Curiosity & Wonder 7. Contentment & Simplicity 8. Fun & Youthfulness 9. Prudence & Wisdom 10. Balance FILIPINO VALUES Filipino value system or Filipino values refers to the set of values or the value system that a majority of the Filipino have historically held important in their lives. This Philippine value system includes their own unique assemblage of consistent ideologies, moral codes, ethical practices, etiquette, and cultural and personal values that are promoted by their society. As with any society though, the values that an individual holds sacred can differ on the basis of religion, upbringing and other factors. As a general description, the distinct value system of Filipinos is rooted primarily in personal alliance systems, especially those based in kinship, obligation, friendship, religion (particularly Christianity), and commercial relationships. 1. Hiya (shame) - It contributes to peace of mind and lack of stress by not even trying to achieve. 2. Ningas-cogon (procrastination)- in a way, it makes a person non-chalet, detached, indifferent, nonplussed should anything go wrong, and hence conducive to peace and tranquility. 3. Pakikisama (group loyalty) - one lives for others; peace or lack of dissension is a constant goal. 4. Patigasan (test of strength) - it is assign that we know our rights and are not easily cowed into submission. It is Occidental in spirit, hence in keeping with Nietzsches "will to power. 5. Bahala na (resignation) - one relies on a superior power rather than on ones own. It is conducive to humility, modesty, and lack of arrogance. 6. Maana or Bukas na (procrastination) - one is without stress and tension; one learns to take what comes naturally. Like the Chinese wu-wei, this trait makes one live naturally and without undue artificiality. 7. Kasi (because, i. e., scapegoat) - one can see both sides of the picture and know exactly where a project failed. One will never suffer from guilt or self-recrimination.

8. Saving Face - ones psyche is saved from undue embarrassment, sleepless nights, remorse of conscience. It saves one from accountability or responsibility. This trait enables one to make a graceful exit from guilt instead of facing the music and owning responsibility for an offense. 9. Sakop (inclusion) - one cares for the family and clan; one stands or falls with them. This trait makes a person show concern for the family to which he belongs. 10. Utang na loob (indebtedness) - it is a recognition of ones indebtedness. This trait portrays the spirit behind the Filipino saying, "He who does not know how to look to the past will never reach his destination." 11. Kanya-kanya (self-centeredness) - one takes care of oneself and ones family: "Blood is thicker than water." 12. Paggalang In English it means being respectful or giving due respect for a person. Filipinos are accustomed to using the words po, opo, and ho when they are conversing with older people or sometimes to people with higher position or status in the society. Using these words is customary in the Philippines and it shows sign of respect. Paggalang can also be given to the elders by virtue of kissing their hands before leaving and upon arrival. Younger member of the family gives due respect to older siblings by calling them kuya (older brother) or ate (older sister). 13. Pakikisama (Getting along well with people) The yearning of the Filipinos to be accepted and well liked by his friends, colleagues, boss and even relatives steers them perform pakikisama. The word pakikisama means helping others. This trait usually fosters cooperation and doing good deeds which are favorable to other people. 14. Utang na Loob(Debt of Gratitude) Usually a system of obligation, when applied it gives duty and responsibility on the part of the young siblings to serve and repay the favors done to them sooner or later. 15. Pagpapahalaga sa Pamilya(Putting importance to family) - This implies that a person will put a high regards and concerns over the family before anything else. This is one of the reasons why a father or a mother in a Filipino family will seek employment abroad just to earn decent earnings for their family, to meet the familys basic needs and want. 16. Flexibility and Adaptability 17. Hardwork and Industry 18. Faith and Religiosity 19. Ability to Survive 20. Extreme Personalism- Leads to graft and corruption. 21. Extreme Family Centeredness- Lack of concern for the common good and acts as the block to national consciousness. 22. Lack of Discipline- Inefficient and wasteful work systems,violation of rules leading to more serious transgressions and a casual work ethics leading to carelessness and lack of follow-through.

23. Passivity and Lack of Initiative- Easily resigned to ones fate and thus easily oppressed and exploited. 24. Colonial Mentality- Basic feeling of national inferiority that makes it difficult for them to relate as equal to Westerners.

FILIPINO PRACTICES Philippines have a tremendous number and variety of customs, traditions, fragments of old beliefs, fiestas, styles of dress both among the lowland Philippine people and the many tribal groupings. In this section we can enter our encounters with such occurrences and group them into various chapters as they accumulate. 1. POPULAR FIESTAS Fiestas in the Philippines are held to celebrate a patron saint (the Philippines is the only majorityChristian country in Southeast Asia) or to mark the passage of the seasons, depending on which part of the country you're in. The sole exception is Christmas, where the whole country breaks out in celebrations that can begin long before December. The roots of Philippine fiestas go back even further - back to before the Spanish conquistadores arrived in the 1500s. In the old animistic culture, regular ritual offerings were made to placate the gods, and these offerings evolved into the fiestas we know today. A wonderful fiesta season means good luck for the rest of the year. For individual Filipinos, fiestas can be a way of supplicating the heavens or to make amends for past wrongs. In one place, penitents lash themselves with whips; in another, childless women dance on the streets hoping for the blessing of a child. Philippines is celebrating many festivals all year round. Every region, provinces and Cities has different kinds of festivities, events and schedule. On any given day, there is sure to be a festival in a town or city somewhere in the Philippines. People celebrate every festival with excitement, enthusiasm and high spirits. Filipinos enjoys every moment when celebrating the festival. The event or fiesta is characterized by the community to express the warm welcome of the harvest, express religious fervor, or commemorate a historic event. It is among the ties that blind, showing and strengthening the shared history, values, and experiences of a specific group of people. Philippine celebrates many kinds of fiesta or festival. People paint their faces and even the whole body, dress in colorful costumes and do the street dancing with the beat of the drums. Street dancing is the most popular and highlight in the festival. Many Groups are preparing for this event not only to win the prize but also serves as an offering. The best months of the Philippine festivals are January, April, May, October and December. Many foreign people around the world visit Philippines to witness the festivities that are being celebrated. And here are some of the hundreds of fiestas/ festivals Filipinos celebrates:

FESTIVALS CALENDAR JANUARY FEAST OF THE BLACK NAZARENE January 9 - People from all walks of life go to Quiapo to venerate the miraculous wooden black statue of Christ carried by male devotees during the procession. BINIRAY January 9 - A festival parade in the sea followed by a celebration in Romblon Town. SINULOG 3rd Week - Cebu City's largest festival, held during the third week of January. It celebrates the Christ Child and features processions and a unique dance step - the Sinulog. The festival is also held at about the same time in Digos, Davao Del Sur and Kabankalan, Negros. ATI-ATIHAN 3rd Week - Internationally famous festival, which occurs in Kalibo and other towns on Panay, every third week of January. It commemorates a pact between Indonesian immigrants and native tribes and the Spanish link to catholic religious celebrations. The full name is therefore Santo Nio Ati-Atihan. Renowned for the colorful costumes, the blackened faces of the revelers and the sound of drums. DINAGYANG Held in Iloilo, Panay at the same time and for the same reasons as Ati-Atihan, it also features parades, to be less frenetic. CARACOL SA MAKATI Last Sunday in January - A combination of three ethnic festivals, inaugurated in 1988. Caracol is a Spanish term for snail. FEBRUARY LAOAG CITY AND PROVINCE (PAMULINAWEN) February 7-10 - Main feature is a Floral Parade. Celebrates the Feast of William, the town's patron saint. SAN FERNANDO, LA UNION February - Musical extravaganzas, trade fairs and pageants featuring show business personalities such as Sharon Cuneta. TINAGBA February 11 - A harvest festival in Iriga, Bicol, which coincides with the feast day of Our Lady of Louraes. Main feature is a parade of colorful and grandiosely decorated bull carabao carts. INTERNATIONAL BAMBOO ORGAN FESTIVAL February - A ten day cultural classical performers and utilizes the spectacular bamboo organ of St. Joseph's Pan.

 DIA DE ZAMBOANGA February 26 - A celebration of cultural and religious harmony between Muslim and Christians in this most cosmopolitan of Philippine cities. Marks the date when Zamboanga became a chartered city. BAGUIO FLOWER FESTIVAL 4th Week - Recently inaugurated to celebrate the vast array of spectacular blooms produced in the mountain capital. Modeled on the Rose Bowl Parade of Pasadena, California MARCH KAAMULAN March 3-7 - A gathering of the tribes of Bukidnon province, featuring religious rituals, street dancing and ethnic performances. ARYA ABRA FESTIVAL March 7-10 - Celebrates the founding of Abra province with a variety of events, including raft and horse races. SANDUGO RE-ENACTMENT March 16 - A re-enactment of the Blood Compact between Spain's Miguel Lopez de Legazpi and Datu Sikatuna, which helped forge friendly relations between the two countries. Held in Tagbilaran, Bohol. MT. MANUNGGAL March 16-17 - A mountain trek, which marks the anniversary of the tragic death of president Ramon Magsaysay, whose plane crashed on the mountain. EASTER The week before Easter is the highest religious time in the Philippines. MORIONES The best known of the hundreds of Passion Plays staged throughout the country at Easter. The weeklong play focuses on the story of Longinus, the Roman soldier whose sight was restored by the blood of Christ. It recounts his subsequent conversion, flight, capture and beheading. Features colorful Roman costumes. Held in Marinduque at the town of Boac. LENTAL FESTIVAL OF HERBAL PREPARATION Easter Saturday - Secret rites of herbalists from the Visayas and Mindanao, who gather in San Antonio, Siquijor, for the ceremony known as "Tang-Alap", the combining of medicinal herbs. APRIL KALILANG April 10-15 - The charter anniversary celebration of Marawi City. A celebration of Muslim culture, including songs, dances, crafts and food. KADAUGAN SA MACTAN

 April 27 - A complete re-enactment of the Battle of Mactan in which Magellan was defeated by Lapu-Lapu and his warriors, resulting in the death of the Spanish explorer. TANDUYONG 4th Sunday - A celebration of the harvest in San Jose City, featuring colorful costumes and street dancing. Focuses on the contribution of onions and other vegetables to the city's economy. TURUMBA April, May or June - Turumba is a song which requires a unique form of street dancing Held in Pakil Laguna, in honor of Our Lady of Sorrows. MAY VIVA VIGAN 1st Week - Features painting, product exhibits and the calesa parade. TAPUSAN Held throughout the month in Alitagtag, Batangas, to honor the Holy Cross. BOHOL Month long celebrations throughout the province, where sumptuous feasts are prepared. All Boholanos are expected to return home for the fiesta. PISTA'Y DAYAT May 1 - Held in Lingayen, Pangasinan to celebrate the rich harvest of seafood in the province. ALINSANGAN "BOA-BOAHAN" May1 - A fertility festival of pagan origin, held in Nabua, Camarines Sur. CARABAO CARROZA RACE FESTIVAL May 3 - Held in Pavia, lloilo. The race features the fastest water buffalos in the area pulling bamboo carts. RODEO FILIPINO May 6-9 - The highlight of Masbate's Livestock Week, it focuses on the importance of cattle raising to the island's economy. PAHIYAS May 15 - Honors San Isidro, the patron saint of farmers. Beautiful decorations, made of edible rice dough, are placed on the exteriors of houses in Lucban, Laguna, representing various agricultural proaucis. TABANOG 3rd Sunday - A kite flying competition held in Cagayan De Oro City. SUBIRAN REGATTA Held during the last week of May in Tacloban, the festival features sailboat races. JUNE BUKLOG

 held in Dipolog City, Mindanao, the festival features stationary dancing by native Subanens on three meter structures. ARAW NG MAYNILA June 24 - Celebrates the founding of Manila with parades, sports events and the Manila Film Festival. JOHN'S DAY June 24 - The feast of St. John the Baptist is celebrated in various parts of the nation, including San Juan, Manila; Balayan, Batangas and Camiguin Island. Part of the merry making is water dousing. SUBLIAN SA BATANGAS June 26 - Celebrates the Foundation Day of Batangas City. JULY FEAST OF THE LADY OF PIAT July 1-2 - Held in Cagayan. A major religious event highlighted bv the procession of the Marian. SAGAYAN July 3-4 - Held in Tubod, Lanao Del Norte, the festival has its origin in a war dance that connotes masculinity. Unique in the fact that it has no religious connotation. PAGODA First Sunday of July - The Holy Cross of Wawa is paraded in a specially built pagoda or river boat accompanied by other vessels in a river procession along the Pasig River. CORDILLERA DAY July 15 - Cultural activities celebrating the creation of Cordillera Administrative Region. AUGUST ADLAW HONG BUTUAN August 2 - Charter Day celebration of Butuan City. PALO-PALO August 4-5 - Cultural presentation of the lifestyles of the inhabitants of the Philippines most remote province, Batanes. LUBI-LUBI August 15 - Festivities in Calubian, Leyte, which focus on the various uses of the coconut and its by-products. KADAYAWAN August 18-21 - The chief Festival of Davao City has a threefold purpose: to honor Mt. Apo, the famous waling-waling orchids and the durian fruits.

SEPTEMBER CHEFS ON PARADE

 Month long - The longest running culinary competition in Southeast Asia. SARAKIKI September 1-8 - The Filipino passion for cockfighting is celebrated with dancing and costumes which mimic the movements and appearance of the brave birds. Held in Calbayog City, Samar. PENAFRANCIA 3rd Week - Held in Naga, Camarines Sur, the festival features an impressive river parade carrying an image of the Blessed Virgin. T'BOLI TRIBAL FESTIVAL 3rd Week - The culture of this unique tribe is celebrated in South Cotabato. OCTOBER SIARGAO SURFING CUP 1st week, but movable - A recent inaugurated event, held at Cloud 9 Break near General Luna, which has placed the Philippines on the international surfing calendar. IBALONG October 6-12 - Held in Legazpi City, the festival depicts Bicol's early history and is named after an early herooftheregion. LA NAVAL 2nd Sunday - Celebrates the victory at sea against the Dutch in 1646. An image of the Virgin is paraded through the streets of Quezon City in a carriage decorated to resemble a ship. Also celebrated in Angeles City. ZAMBOANGA HERMOSA October 12 - Features a parade of vinta sails. Held in honor of Zamboanga's patron saint, Our Lady of the Pillar. MASSKARA October 19 - The main Festival of Negros, held in Bacolod. Features street dancers wearing masks and colorful costumes. CATANDUNGAN October 22-24 - Held in Virac, the festival celebrates the founding of the province. BATTLE OF SURIGAO STRAIT October 25 - Commemorates the anniversary of the largest naval battle in history, which took place in World War II. FIESTANG KULIAT Last week of October - Large street festival Balibago, Angeles City. LANZONES. End of the month - Mambajao, Camiguin, to celebrate the new harvest of this succulent fruit. NOVEMBER

 KANSILAY November 5-13 - Named after a tree with purple-pink flowers, the festival incorporates the celebration of "Cincode Noviembre", a bloodless revolution in Silay, which overthrew the city guards. HELUBONG 2nd Week - Cultural presentations of the T'Boli and Blaan ethnic minorities, held at Lake Sebu South Cotabato. SANDUGAN November 11-15 - Re-enactment of the first contact between the natives of Mindoro and Chinese traders. Held at Calapan, Oriental Mindoro. HIGANTES November 22-23 - Held in Angono, Rizal to honor patron saint, St. Clemente. The parade features "papier-mach" giants, dressed in native costumes. DECEMBER FEAST OF OUR LADY OF THE IMMACULATE CONCEPCION December 8 - The main celebrations are held in Roxas City, Panay and Malabon, Manila. The Roxas Festival is a showcase of the culture of the province, while the Malabon celebration features a river procession. SHARIFF KABUNSUAN FESTIVAL December 15-19 - Celebrates the arrival in Mindanao of Shariff Kabunsuan, who brought Islamic culture to the Philippines. Held in Cotabato City. GIANT LANTERN FESTIVAL December 19 - A spectacular parade of lighted lanterns in San Fernando, Pampanga.. Lanterns measure between three and five meters. OLONGAPO December 30 - The city's festivities include a lantern parade.

FILIPINO CUSTOMS 1. Mano po. "Mano po" (pronounced mah-noh poh) refers to a physical gesture of taking the hand of an elder and bringing it towards your forehead. This is a sign of respect for the elder and is usually done at the point of greeting or farewell. Children are expected to perform this gesture towards adult relatives & adult family friends. Failure to perform "mano po" would be considered as disrespectful. 2.Po and opo. 3.Attending a mass w/ the family. 4.Pamamanhikan

5.Pasalubong 6.Faithfulness to the family is a tradition that is characteristic of Filipino society. 7.Use of hand and facial gestures to communicate. 8."Kuya" or "Ate" The Filipino culture is very big on respect. The older an individual is, the more they call for respect. The term 'kuya' (pronounced koo-yah) refers to an older male person; it means 'big brother.' Its verbal usage indicates that you respect the older male and recognize the difference in age. The feminine form is 'ate' (pronounced ah-teh) which is directed towards an older female person; it means 'big sister.' Children are encouraged to use these terms with their older siblings. Adults can use these terms to address friends or co-workers regardless of whether or not they are truly related. It simply demonstrates a form of respect for the older individual. 10. The power of the eyebrows. In American culture, the eyebrows usually convey emotion via a variety of facial expressions. In Filipino culture, raising your eyebrows can also communicate a positive affirmation of "yes" when a yes/no question has been asked. So, should a Filipino fail to verbally answer your question, look at their eyebrows before feeling like you were being ignored. In reality, they may just be answering you non-verbally through the raising of their eyebrows. Raising your eyebrows accompanied with strong eye contact can also serve as a greeting or farewell to an individual you cannot physically touch. 11. The lips give direction. Again, a non-verbal expression performed by Filipinos. By puckering their lips and facing a certain direction, they are using their lips to point to communicate a certain direction. Instead of wasting physical energy by lifting their arm/hand to point, they conserve energy by using their puckered lips. 12. Food at every gathering. Whether it be a grand party or just an informal meeting, Filipinos express their hospitality & friendship through the serving of food. The more grandiose the cuisine, the more 'love' they are trying to convey to those at the gathering. Instead of asking, 'how are you?' Filipinos will ask, "have you eaten yet?' 13. Take your shoes off when entering a Filipino home. By taking your shoes off when entering a Filipino home, you are conveying utmost respect towards the owners of the property. You are showing them that you care about their property and have the desire to maintain its cleanliness. More modern Filipinos who have tile or wood floors

may not expect you to take your shoes off because of the coldness of the floor, however, if you do adhere this custom, then you will surely make a favorable impression. 14 . Hellos and Goodbyes cannot be taken for granted. You must greet everyone "hello" at every meeting and say "good-bye" at each farewell. For anyone present, you can either offer a 'mano po,' a kiss on the cheek, or offer eye contact coupled with raising your eyebrows to those you are unable to physically reach or those you do not know very well. Failure to offer a greeting or farewell would indicate that you are disrespectful, and a snob. So, be attentive to those present as you do not want to offend anyone. Filipinos communicate less verbally than their American counter-parts and it is clearly demonstrated in the Filipino quirks discussed here. The minimal verbiage in Filipino Culture could be best explained through a silent adherence to the common expression: "actions speak louder than words." 15. Most Filipinos would prefer a formal church wedding. 16. Money dance One of the Filipino customs is the money dance. Thats one of the traditions you do at a Filipino wedding. The bride and groom dance to a Filipino love song or folksong and while they are dancing, the guest will put money in the brides mouth. The person who gives the money brings the couple's heads together as if kissing. Sometimes people throw money on the floor or pin the dollar bills on the bride and groom's clothing. Sometimes the money is placed in an envelope and put into the brides mouth. The money dance has become a tradition at Filipino weddings in Hawaii. The idea of this is to help contribute to the wealth and happiness of the couple. Music and dancing are an important part of Filipino culture. At Filipino gatherings you often see the tinkling (Bamboo Dance) or the wine dance in which young girls dance with filled glasses on their hands and heads. Just as there are many different languages in the Philippines so are there different styles of dance. For example, the Igorot dances come from a Filipino mountain tribe. Their instruments are mostly drums and flutes. The customs of these people resemble the bright, woven cloths of Indian tribes. There are the Muslim dances which come from the south where some people dress like those living in Arabia. The music of the Filipinos coming from the island of Luzon, which is where many of Hawaii's Filipinos come from, is similar to the Spanish or Mexican music played during fiestas. 17. Filipinos are all related to One Another It seems Filipinos are all related to one another. Our bloodlines certainly intersect somewhere but this so-called family relation is due to two things: 1) Our classification of family members is very simple, and 2) We refer to people that are not related to us as family members as a sign of respect. Let's look into this Filipino tradition a little further.

18. Living with Parents An adult child living with their parents is another commonplace Filipino tradition. In fact, I would have to say it is actually the norm. Unlike in the United States where children leave the home after finishing high school or college, Filipino children often continue living with their parents until they are married or even after they are married. 19. Eating with a Fork and Spoon Filipinos usually eat with a fork and spoon. The fork, usually in the left hand, is used to place or push the food into the spoon which is held by the right hand. The spoonful of food goes into your mouth When cutting meat you should pierce it with the fork and use the edge of the spoon to cut. Since rice is a staple at almost every meal the fork and spoon method is ideal. Every grain of rice can be placed easily onto a spoon instead of hoping the grains dont fall through the tines of a fork. 20. Eating with Hands (Kamayan) In addition to the fork and spoon method, eating with your hands or kamayan is another common Filipino tradition. Gather a small portion of meat or fish and a bite size portion of rice on your plate. Then use all your fingers to gather the food into a small mountain or mound. Pick up the little mound and put it in your mouth using your thumb to gently push the food in. Filipinos usually eat rice that has a slightly sticky consistency so making the little mounds is easier than if you were to use a jasmine or basmati rice. Of course, this method of eating doesn't work with soup/stew or noodles and other kinds of food but for your basic plate of rice, meat/fish and vegetables it works quite well! Next time you make dinner try eating kamayan. 21. Balikbayan Boxes It is very common for Filipinos to leave the Philippines to live and work abroad. A balikbayan is a filipino who is returning to the Philippines from living or working abroad. A balikbayan box is a box of items sent by the balikbayan to their family in the Philippines. The box can be sent or it can be brought by the sender when they themselves return to the Philippines. Balikbayan boxes can be filled with almost anything but it is usually filled with items that cannot be found in the Philippines or items that may be too expensive for the average person to buy in the Philippines. Common items found in balikbayan boxes include: clothes, shoes, chocolate, nuts, vitamins, basketballs, coffee and tea, magazines, shampoo/conditioner, soap, body lotion, etc.

CHAPTER 5: VALUES WRITTEN REPORT IN SOCIOLOGY

SUBMITTED BY: GROUP 5 ALPASAN, Camille AMORES, Eunice AQUINO, Carissa CARAAN, Joana Vivien CARPENA, Rhea Mae ESCAO, Reina Renza GODOY, Edralyn MAHUSAY, Reggie MEOZA, Shiela NICOLAS, Rose Angel ROA, Rose Lyn VILLAPANDO, Lynette

SUBMITTED TO: Prof. Anna Marie R. Alitagtag