DEVELOPMENT OF MIX DESIGN FOR HIGH STRENGTH CONCRETE

M. Yaqub*, University of Engineering and Technology Taxila, Pakistan Imran Bukhari, University of Engineering and Technology Taxila, Pakistan

31st Conference on OUR WORLD IN CONCRETE & STRUCTURES: 16 - 17 August 2006, Singapore

Article Online Id: 100031054 The online version of this article can be found at: http://cipremier.com/100031054

Thisarticleisbroughttoyouwiththesupportof SingaporeConcreteInstitute www.scinst.org.sg AllRightsreservedforCIPremierPTELTD YouarenotAllowedtoredistributeorresalethearticleinanyformatwithoutwrittenapprovalof CIPremierPTELTD VisitOurWebsiteformoreinformation www.cipremier.com

31st Conference on OUR WORLD IN CONCRETE & STRUCTURES: 16 17 August 2006, Singapore

DEVELOPMENT OF MIX DESIGN FOR HIGH STRENGTH CONCRETE

M. Yaqub*, University of Engineering and Technology Taxila, Pakistan Imran Bukhari, University of Engineering and Technology Taxila, Pakistan

Abstract This paper present the result of mix design developed for high strength concrete. Development of mix design method plays a key not in concrete technology. It involves the process of determining experimentally the most suitable concrete mixes in order to achieve maximum strength with at least economic expenditures. In this research work the locally available constituents of concrete were selected for the purpose of determining their relative quantities and proportions for best results. As the trend of high strength increase in all over the world it is strong need to investigate the factor enhancing the compressive strength of concrete at least economical expenditure. To make economical use of high strength concrete in Pakistan a mix design for high strength concrete was developed. In this research work four mix were selected to achieve a compressive strength up to 162 Mpa. The variables were aggregate sizes and mix ratio. Four mix ratios by weight were selected with 0.3 water cement ratio. Ultra 727 super plasticizer was used to improve the workability of concrete mix. Locally available coarse and fine aggregates were used with ordinary Portland cement. It was concluded that the compressive strength depends on mix ratio, size and texture of aggregates and method of compaction. It is further concluded that 1:0.75:1.5 showed higher strength than other three mix ratios.
Keywords: High strength concrete, Compressive strength, Aggregates, Mix design.

1. INTRODUCTION The use of high strength concrete is expected to increase as we move into next century in both United States and other areas of world. In recent years there has been a rapid growth of interest in highstrength concrete. The concrete which has cylinder compressive strength more than 41Mp is known as high strength concrete. High strength concrete differ from normal strength concrete in that it variably contains a high rang water reducer (or super plasticizer), while the normal strength concrete contains it rarely. All other basic ingredients may be the same, namely Portland cement, aggregate water and admixture. As for as other ingredients are concerned such as retarders, fly ash, blast furnace slag and silica fume. They may or may not be presented in either type of concrete [1]. The design of concrete mixtures involves the determination of the most economical and practical combination of concrete ingredients to achieve concrete that is workable in its plastic state and will develop the required qualities when hardened [2]. The British approach is to recognize four method of specifying concrete mixes [3]. A design mix is specified by the designer principally in terms of strength cement content and water cement ratio. Compliance relies On strength testing. In the American practice, when there is no experience on the basis of which mix proportions could be selected and trial mixes made, it is necessary to base the mi proportion an standard proportion which in order to be safe are perforce very stringent. This approach can be used only for low strength concrete [4]. 2. Objectives: The objective of research was to develop high strength concrete mix design using local material under local environment of Pakistan. 3. Experimental Program: The experimental work has been carried out to develop mix design for high strength concrete. Four basic ingredients were used in this experimental work. The coarse aggregate was collected from Margallah Hills and the type used was CRUSHED having maximum size (3/4) 20mm.The fine aggregate was Lawrence pure sand. Ordinary Portland cement was used as binding material. Supper plasticizer (ultra type A& F) was used in order to increase workability of concrete .The first step in the experimental work was of air dry the aggregate sample so as to avoid lumps and to prevent clogging of fine sieve. The gradation of coarse and fine aggregate was done according to ASTMC33 as shown in table-1 & table.2.The second step in the experimental program was to find the specific gravities of fine, coarse aggregates and cement which were 2.68, 2.7 and 3.04 respectively. The fineness modulus of fine aggregate used was 3.48. In third step batching of ingredients of aggregates and cement was done by weight mix ratio. A mixing machine (non tilting rotating drum) was used for mixing the various constituents of concrete. A small amount of water was fed first followed by all the solid materials simultaneously into the mixer i.e. the sand fed first, then part of the coarse aggregate, cement and water and then finally the remainder of the coarse aggregate was fed into machine so as to break up any modules of mortar. The specific gravity of supper plasticize was 1.19 at 20c0 .To check workability slump test was performed. The specimens were cast in steel mould of 150mmx300mm (6x12) cylinders. The mould was properly greased by using oil in order to prevent the adhesion of concrete to the steel moulds. The concrete was poured into the mould in three layers each layer being compacted by 25 blows with a standard 16mm diameter steel rod, rounded at the end. After compaction third layer the upper surface of the concrete was leveled. Precautions were taken to avoid over compaction which loads to segregation. After 24 hours in the moulds the specimens were removed and placed in water tank for 7 days 14 days and 28 days. Three cylinder of each strength level were tested after 7, 14 and 28 days. Crushing strength was performed on the cylinder after two hours of removal from the curing tank. Load was applied continuously with a standard rail of 13.8 Mpa/min (2000psi/min). the load was applied till the cracks in the specimen were develop which mean that the failure of the specimen has occurred at the point, the reading of the load in KN was noted from dial gauge. 4. Analysis of Results & Discussion The methods of mix design are going to be developed after collection of a large experimental data. Trial mixes are made and optimum aggregate size is determined. The properties of coarse aggregates and fine aggregate have most important role in the development of high strength concrete. In this research work four mix proportions were cast and the mix proportion 1:0.75:1.5 with w/c0.3 showed high compressive strength. The w/c ratio for all mixes was fixed i.e. 0.3 & it is found

that for the mix ratio 1:0.75:1.5 minimum dosage of admixture i.e. 1 litre/100Kg of cement gives collapse in slump. Table 1 : BS(mm) Gradation of Fine Aggregate ASTM Mass Retained 10 5 2.36 1.18 600 m 300 m 150 m <150 m Total 3/8 4 8 16 30 50 100 <100 858 Total 348 Fineness Modulus = 3.48 0 40 120 190 390 98 20 0 4.66 13.986 22.144 45.454 11.422 2.33 % Retained Cumulative % passing 100 95.34 81.354 59.21 13.756 2.334 0.001 Cumulative % retained 0 4.66 18.646 40.79 86.244 97.666 99.999

Table-2: BS(mm)

Gradation of Coarse Aggregate ASTM (inch) Mass Retained 0 244 3420 1270 76 0 4.87 68.26 25.34 1.5 % Retained Cumulative % passing 100 95.34 26.87 1.53 Cumulative % retained 0 4.87 74.13 98.47

25 20 10 5

1 3/4 3/8 3/16

Table 3:

Results of the Tested Specimen Cylindrical Compressive Strength

Mix ratio

Water cement ratio 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3

Slump

Cement content kg/m3 425 482 550 650

1:1.5:3 1:1.25:2.5 1:1:2 1:.75:1.5

20 25 Collapse Collapse

7 days compressive strength Mpa 24 30 32 45

14 days compressive strength Mpa 52 56 57 60

28 days compressive strength Mpa 145 147 149 162

5.

Conclusion: In this research work local material of Pakistan was used to develop high strength concrete. The properties of fresh & hardness concrete were examined. The conclusions are as follows: 1. In the development of mix design method for high strength concrete the smaller size aggregate plays very important role in the achievement of high compressive strength. 2. The fineness modulus of fine aggregate also play very important role in the development of high strength concrete with the increase in the fineness modulus strength of concrete increase. 3. With the increase of cement contents the strength of concrete increases. 4. The mix ratio 1:0.75:1.5 gives strength up to 162 Mpa.

6. [1] [2] [3] [4]

References: Aitcin, P-C and Neville, A High performance concrete DEMYSTIFIED, Concrete International Jan 1993, Vol. 15, No P.21-26. George R-White, concrete technology, 3rd edition. BS 5328 Part 2:1991. ACI 318-89 revised 2003 buildings code requirements for reinforced concrete, ACI manual of concrete practice, part 3: use of concrete in buildings, design, specification and related topics, 345 pp.