Study Guide

Topics to study: Vector characteristics. Vector examples: displacement, velocity, etc. The three Newtons Laws.

Physics II

Inertia. (remember that we said the inertia is related with the mass of the object)

Problems: A box is pulled over a surface has shown in the figure 1. The force exerted over the box is 350 N and is applied with an angle of 29 with the horizontal. If the box has a weight of 200N, what acceleration will occur over the box.

Solution: 1.- The force exerted over the box has an specific direction. In this case, it means that the acceleration it is not directly related with that force, because the acceleration we are looking for is horizontal. Has we are only concerned about the horizontal components; we have to use equation 9, which will obtain, only the horizontal component of that Force.

Fx F cos

Fx = (350 N)*cos(29)= 306.11 N

Has the second Newtons Law states: an object with a certain mass m, that receives a force F will accelerate with a magnitude of a. So we need to use equation 5; nevertheless, we actually dont know the value of that mass.

However, we know the value of the Weight, 200N. And knowing that, and using equation 10, where g is the value of gravity, we can obtain the value of that mass: W=m*g m=W /g m = 200N / 9.81 m/s2 = 20.39 kg

We can now use equation 5 where: F=m*a a = F / m a = 306.11 N / 20.39 kg = 15.01 m/s2 , which is the acceleration felt in the box horizontally.

Problem 2.- An automobile goes over Gonzalitos with a velocity of 130 km/h in a straight road and then applies the breaks and it stops in a distance of 350 meters. If the automobile weights 9810 N, a)What is the magnitude of the force for the automobile to stop? b)How many time it takes to the car to stop?

Solution: Again, the second Newtons Law relates the force (in this case applied by the breaks) felt by the car to stop, the mass of the car and the acceleration needed to stop. Neither the mass nor the acceleration are given directly in the data, we must obtain them first. Again, the mass is unknown, but the Weight is the value we can use to obtain the mass, again, using equation 10: W=m*g m=W /g m = 9810N / 9.81 m/s2 = 1000 kg

Now we need the acceleration, and the only values related to that are the velocity and the distance travelled. Has the problem says the car must stop, this means the final velocity of the car must be 0. So the equation that relates acceleration, final and initial speeds, and distance is equation 1. This is: V = Vo +2ad
2 2

but we want the acceleration

a = ( V - Vo )/ 2d

Dont forget that you CANT use km/hr for the velocity, you must change them into m/s. Vo = 130 km/hr = 36.11 m/s Now, substitute the values: a= ( 0 (36.11 m/s) ) / 2(350m) a = -1.86 m/s So this is the needed acceleration to stop from 130km/hr to 0. And using equation 5 for obtaining the force: F = m * a = 1000kg* (-1.86 m/s ) = - 1860 N
2 2 2

1) V = Vo + 2ad

2) V = Vo + at 3) d = Vot + at /2 4) d = ((V + Vo)/2) * t

5) F = m*a

tan 1
6)

Vy Vx

7) V =

2 2 Vox Voy

8)

Fy F sin

9)

Fx F cos

10) w = m*g

11) Vx = V*Cos 12)

Vy= V*Sin