INPUTS FOR AUTOMATA

e : external stimulus p : perception i : interpretation r : priority d : divination b : brainstorming s : satisfying n : non-satisfying o : optimizing 1 : favourable 0 : non-favourable

STATES FOR FSA-1

1. ANALYSIS OF PROBLEM : This state is the starting state of our automata that will analyse the problem to make decision. 2. IDENTIFICATION OF PROBLEM STATEMENT : The second stage is reached after perceiving the problem that recognizes that a problem exists and now a decision has to be made. 3. FACTORS : After interpreting the problem we reach to this 3rd stage of ours which now explains the factors that are associated and plays a pivotal role in an individuals life to make decision. Interpretation will help us identifying competing explanations for the problem, and evaluating the drivers behind those interpretations. 4. COGNITIVE BIAS : Biases can creep into our decision making processes. Many different people have made a decision about the same question according to some favorism .It includes prejudices , wishful thinking etc. 5. FRAMING: Framing effect is where the same problem receives different responses depending on how it is described or giving excessive weight to an unimportant but salient feature of the problem (e.g., Anchoring). Framing bias is best avoided by using numeracy with absolute measures of efficacy. 6. NUMERACY: After this framing effect we do numeracy which will help us to analyze our problem using number sense, operation sense, computation, measurement, geometry, probability and statistics.. 7. CONSEQUENCES : Each individual from the list of choices makes a decision pondering upon its repercussions . 8. HINDSIGHT BIAS : Sometimes called the "I-knew-it-all-along" effect, is the inclination to see past events as being predictable. This stage like framing is a part of cognitive bias and needs to be considered to make effective decision making scenario. 9. ACTION : This is the final state of our automata which ensures that we are successful in making a decision.

STATES FOR FSA-2

1. MOTIVATION: This state is reached when our past experience is favorable or we can say it gives positive feedback, then motivation is required to examine the competing commitments which may distract from a more moral course of action and then prioritizing and committing to moral values over other personal, institutional or social values . 2. PAST EXPERIENCE : One of the part of our factors is past experience. It is evaluating the problem and making a decision with the help of some past knowledge 3. SELECTION OF ALTERNATIVE CHOICES: This stage is reached when we are motivated to take our decision and we have a pool of alternatives to pick from. 4. CONSEQUENCES : Each individual from the list of choices makes a decision pondering upon its repercussions . 5. NEW STRATEGY : If our past experience is not good than well think of some new policy to make decision. 6. RISK ANALYSIS : This is for sure that the person who opts for a new strategy will analyze the risks involved with it and make decision accordingly. 7. JUDGEMENT : Shifting through various possible actions or responses and determining which is more justifiable. 8. HIGH COMPLEXITY : If after risk analysis the outcome is not favorable than we ought to terminate our decision . 9. ACTION : This is the final state of our automata which ensures that we are successful in making a decision.

STATES FOR FSA-3

1. SOCIO-ECONOMIC: One of the part of differences could be on the basis of socio-economic strategy. Seeing the background of the person and then stereotyping . 2. INDIVIDUAL DIFFERENCES : Decisions are unduly influenced by individual preferences that shapes our view of subsequent information 3. WORK & ATTITUDE : If the class is satisfying and optimizing too then we look for work experience and attitude of that person to make our decision. 4. RISK ANALYSIS : This is for sure that the person who opts for a new strategy will analyse the risks involved with it and make decision accordingly. 5. JUDGEMENT : Shifting through various possible actions or responses and determining which is more justifiable. 6. GENDER: This is one of the differences that is being observed universaly . The second case of individual differences goes here after socio-economic background. 7. ABILITY : Satisfying the gender stage person looks for the ability. 8. SKILLS : The optimizing criteria for ability goes to skills state. 9. ACTION : This is the final state of our automata which ensures that we are successful in making a decision.

STATES FOR FSA-4

1. ASTROLOGY AND TAROT CARDS: This stage is achieved after divination input from the user on belief and personal relevance which states that Flipping a coin, cutting a deck of playing cards, and other random or coincidence methods are used to make decision in case of quick decision techniques and where superstitions follow. 2. BELIEF AND PERSONAL RELEVANCE : People often make decisions on the basis of their priorities and some on the basis of faith and trust, which again helps the person to reach to a conclusion. 3. POOL OF ALTERNATIVES: After deciding to our priorities about our choices we can reach to this state select from a few. 4. CHOOSE BEST ALTERNATIVE : On doing brainstorming we choose the best alternative possible to make our decision. 5. RISK ANALYSIS : This is for sure that the person who opts for a new strategy will analyze the risks involved with it and make decision accordingly. 6. JUDGEMENT : Shifting through various possible actions or responses and determining which is more justifiable. 7. ACTION : This is the final state of our automata which ensures that we are successful in making a decision.

STATES FOR FSA-5

1. RISK ANALYSIS : On coming to environmental factors person will look if its favorable or not & then analyze it with risks point of view to make his final decision . 2. CONSEQUENCES : Each individual from the list of choices makes a decision pondering upon its repercussions . 3. HIGH COMLEXITY : If the environmental conditions are not favorable then the person lands up at this stage which would lead to random decision or No decision situation. 4. STOP :This is the trap state where no decision will be made. 5. ACTION : This is the final state of our automata which ensures that we are successful in making a decision. 6. ENVIRONMENT : Environmental factors plays a significant role in analyzing the problem and then taking it to some level where it can be solved and outcome can come which further leads to no doubt and apprehensions.

DECISION MAKING REAL-LIFE SCENARIO

SCENARIO : You have a very important Science project that is due tomorrow and you havent even started it yet. You plan on spending several hours doing it tonight when you get home after practice when your friend suddenly ask you to go to a concert tonight. They won tickets to your favorite group and want you to go with them. You need to get the project done because you have a D average in Science right now but you really want to go to the concert with your friend.

STAGES IN AUTOMATA 1. ANALYSE THE PROBLEM : Firstly the problem is analysed by me and when I get an external stimuli of these choices. 2. DEFINE THE PROBLEM : After perception Im able to define that my problem statement is decision making. 3. OUT OF DUTY : Now spending hours on my project is bounded out of duty and my moral responsibility . 4. PERSONAL INTEREST : Going to a concert of my favorite group with my friends is my interest and i intend to follow. 5. WORK ON PROJECT : After coming to out of duty Ill work on my project and leave the concert. 6. CONCERT : After coming to personal interest I go for concert and enjoy . 7. CONSEQUENCE 1 : Analyzing the consequence of the concert I realize that Ill get grade D in my project. 8. CONSEQUENCE 2 : Analyzing the consequence for project I realize that Ill miss the performance of my favorite band. 9. ACTION: After judging for both situations Ill make one decision that is well suited for me.

TOOL USED FOR SIMULATION : JFLAP

JFLAP is software for experimenting with formal languages topics including nondeterministic finite automata, nondeterministic pushdown automata, multi-tape Turing machines, several types of grammars, parsing, and L-systems. In addition to constructing and testing examples for these, JFLAP allows one to experiment with construction proofs from one form to another, such as converting an NFA to a DFA to a minimal state DFA to a regular expression or regular grammar. JFLAP is a package of graphical tools which can be used as an aid in learning the basic concepts of Formal Languages and Automata Theory. JFLAP defines a finite automaton (FA) M as the quintuple M = (Q, , , qs, F) where : Q is a finite set of states {qi | i is a nonnegative integer} is the finite input alphabet is the transition function, : D 2Q where D is a finite subset of Q * qs (is member of Q) is the initial state F (is a subset of Q) is the set of final states

The Editor Window To start a new FA, start JFLAP and click the Finite Automaton option from the menu.

This should bring up a new window that allows you to create and edit an FA. The editor is divided into two basic areas: the canvas, which you can construct your automaton on, and the toolbar, which holds the tools you need to construct your automaton.

Acknowledgement

This Website designing would not have been possible without the help and guidance of our Teacher. We thank her for guiding us to the completion of this project.

We would sincerely like to thank Ms.Shikha Jain for her help and assistance in completing this project.

We would like to thank the Learning Resource Center of our University and its staff for providing us with all the aid required to complete our Project.

Yours sincerely Samarth Jain(9103445) Yash Garg(9103447) Hemant Khandelwal(9103453)