The Sustainable Trasport Sector in India: an overview of research and activity

The Sustainable Trasport Sector in India: an overview of research and activity

The Sustainable Trasport Sector in India: an overview of research and activity

ABOUT THIS PUBLICATION

This publication is presented to you as a companion to the EU India Greentech Matchmaking Event 2011, an event organized by the European Business and Technology Centre (EBTC) and its partners, the Indo-Italian Chamber of Commerce and Industry (IICCI), the Chamber of Commerce of Milan, Innovhub and CEIPIEMONTE. Within the framework of the first edition of the Indo-Italian Business Conference (IIBC), this event aims to create connections and foster an exchange of technologies, patents and knowledge between European and Indian companies in the energy, environment and sustainable transport sectors. On 27th and 29th September 2011, a European and Indian delegation of companies and research organizations is meeting in two Indian cities, Mumbai and Bengaluru. Their agenda is rich with business-to-business partnering sessions, panel and round table discussions with key government officials and top players of the Indian industry, networking events and site visits. This publication aims to offer you an overview of the five sectors that are relevant to the event: environmental biotech, renewable energy, sustainable transport, water management, and solid waste management. In order to introduce you to these fields, each volume offers a summary of relevant research, as well as a representative collection of organizations active in this space. We hope this will be a valuable tool in the productive exchange of knowledge and experience, and the creation of business opportunities during the event.

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
We are grateful to Mr. Sauro Mezzetti of EUTECNE for coordinating the efforts that made it possible to publish this paper. We also give thanks to Energy Alternatives India for contributing their research. For any queries related to this paper, please contact Mr. Gianpaolo Sarolli at the Chamber of Commerce Milan Innovhub (gianpaolo.sarolli@mi.camcom.it).

The Sustainable Trasport Sector in India: an overview of research and activity

PREFACE
In the last decade India has witnessed the beginning of a mass motorization process. The automobile industry accounts for to 6% of the Indias GDP, and the country is becoming a major car consuming market. The continuation of this trend will pose serious challenges for any serious action against climate change. The development of new technologies for vehicles with lower emission or no-emission is therefore a top priority for the Indian economy. However, this is not enough. The growth of infrastructure is able to match the growth of the vehicles in circulation, thus creating congestion of cities and aggravating the issue. This report highlights the recent trends and actions undertaken in India to tackle these problems through technology for alternative fuels to reduce air pollution. In the field of alternative fuels there are two national missions under implementation. One is related to bio-fuel and the other to fuel cell, which has one component specifically dedicated to transport. A short overview of organizations and research agencies operating in these fields has been included. The overview presented here is not necessarily complete. India is a large country with many public and private institutions, and many local decentralized initiatives, so we did not aim to give a full presentation. Our purpose is mainly to give a broad indication to European companies, organizations, and research institutions about a field of opportunities for Transfer of Technology, and to make a small step towards widening the scope of cooperation between Europe and India.

The Sustainable Trasport Sector in India: an overview of research and activity

1. THRUST AREAS FOR FUEL CELL IDENTIFIED BY THE MINISTRY OF NEW AND RENEWABLE ENERGY
1. HYDROGEN PRODUCTION/SUPPLY
a) Tapping by-product/ spare hydrogen b) Design and development of skid-mounted small scale steam methane reformers (SMR) for distributed generation of hydrogen c) Design and development of high efficiency water electrolysers, including solid polymer electrolyte water electrolyser (SPEWE), for distributed hydrogen production d) Purification, pressurization and storage e) Design and technology of small reformers for on-site and on-board reformation f) Pilot scale generation of hydrogen by biological processes g) Pilot scale demonstration of hydrogen production from carbohydrate bioorganic waste by different processes h) Pilot plant for low temperature water splitting by biological route i) j) l) Pilot plant for production of hydrogen and synthetic fluid fuel by adopting IGCC technology for Indian coal as well as biomass R&D on high temperature steam electrolysis (HTSE) Design and development of solar based water splitting processes

k) Design and development of 1 Nm3/hr HTSE and 5 Nm3/hr indigenously developed SPEWE

i. Hydrogen Storage
a) Development of inter-metallic hydrides with storage efficiency: 5 wt% & cycle life of 1,000 cycles b) Development of high pressure (~500 bar) gaseous cylinder c) Development of Nano-materials, including carbon nano-tubes/ nano- fibres d) Development of alanates, including Na and Mg alanates e) Exploration of unusual storage modes like depleted mines

ii. Hydrogen Delivery

a) Decentralized distribution through high pressure (>200 bar) gaseous cylinders employing trucks b) Decentralized distribution through hydrides canisters c) Decentralized distribution through high pressure (500 bar) gaseous cylinders employing trucks d) Pipeline network e) Decentralized distribution through hydrides canisters

The Sustainable Trasport Sector in India: an overview of research and activity

2.

HYDROGEN APPLICATION IN TRANSPORT, POWER GENERATION AND OTHER APPLICATIONS

i. IC Engine Route
a) Design & Development of hydrogen IC engines and components for transport, portable and stationery applications

ii. Fuel Cell Route Low Temperature Fuel Cells

(i) Design and development of PEMFC and AFC (ii) PEMFC: a) Low-cost proton exchange membranes as a substitute to costly imported membrane b) Low-cost bipolar plates (graphite based, high conductivity, impervious) preferably with flow grooves incorporated during molding itself c) Higher CO tolerant anode catalyst d) Cheaper cathode catalyst e) Electrode support substrate (graphite paper) (iii) AFC: a) Compact, low-power electrolyte re-circulating system b) Low cost CO2 scrubber & alkali-water heat exchanger c) Low-cost catalysts (Ni-Co spinel, MnO2/C) d) Low-cost, resin based mono-polar plates/cell enclosures e) Regenerative CO2 scrubbing system (iv) Optimize design of various components (bipolar plates, MEAs etc for PEMFC and electrode frames, seals, CO2 scrubbing/electrolyte re-circulating systems for AFC) (v) Assemble and test the stacks (vi) Integrate the AFC and PEMFC stacks with other subsystems (vii) Design & development micro power rating/size Fuel Cells (like pencil cells/batteries) for small/micro power applications for laptops, mobile phones and other small power requiring gadgets/systems

High Temperature Fuel Cells

(i) Design and development of SOFC stacks (5 kW) and of MCFC stacks (10 kW) : a) Decide which SOFC technology is to be pursued (Planar or Tubular); b) Develop and optimize component and stack design for SOFC and MCFC. Identify fuel to be used

The Sustainable Trasport Sector in India: an overview of research and activity

(ii) Design and development of SOFC stacks and of MCFC stacks: a) Develop various components (electrodes, electrolyte, seals) including identifying the materials to be used & processing techniques to be adopted. Design inter-connects (between adjacent cells) and overall current collectors b) Design mechanical systems (clamping / stacking arrangements, flow field design etc.) Finalize stack assembly & testing procedures. Integrate the complete system and test c) Design C&I and inverter systems and incorporate safety systems d) Design skid mounted sub-assemblies/ systems for ease of transportation to site e) Install, Commission & test the integrated system

The Sustainable Trasport Sector in India: an overview of research and activity

2. ORGANIZATIONS IN TECHNOLOGY AND RESEARCH FOR SUSTAINABLE TRASPORT

1. COMPANIES AND RESEARCH ORGANIZATIONS IN THE INDIAN FUEL CELL SECTOR i. Centre for Fuel Cell Technology (CFCT)
Brief Profile:
ARCIs Centre for Fuel Cell Technology (CFCT), established in Chennai, specifically contributes to national efforts in the above emergent field. Although mandated to develop the Polymer Electrolyte Membrane (PEM) Fuel Cell Technology, CFCT is gearing up to play a key role in varied aspects of the hydrogen economy. Since inception in 2004, CFCT has made considerable progress and is on the verge of taking up programs to demonstrate actual applications.

Areas of Work:
Fuel Cell Systems PEM Fuel Cell Direct Methanol Fuel Cell Alkaline Fuel Cell (upcoming) Borohydride Fuel Cell (upcoming) Solid Oxide Fuel Cell (upcoming) Microbial Fuel Cell (upcoming) Hydrogen Generation Technologies Electrolysis Chemical Hydrides Photo Electrochemical (upcoming)

Technology Transfer
Technologies for Commercialization: 1. Process know how for making bipolar plates from exfoliated graphite useful in PEM Fuel Cells 2. Process know how for making gas diffusion electrodes used for PEM Fuel Cells 3. Process know how for making catalyst coated membranes 4. Automatic load tracking flow control system for fuel cell application 5. Water cooled fuel cell stacks in the range 500-5,000 watts 6. Air cooled fuel cell stacks in the range 50-500 watts 7. Open cathode cooled fuel cell stacks in the range 50-500 watts

Technologies that will be ready shortly:

8. Fully Automated Fuel Cell Control System 9. Grid Independent Automated Fuel Cell Systems (GIPS) in the range 500 watts to 5,000 watts (AC power) - Liquid Cooled 10. Grid Independent Automated Fuel Cell Stacks with DC Power Output (2,500 watts) - Liquid Cooled 11. Membrane based Humidifier for PEM Fuel Cells (100 watts 650 watts)

The Sustainable Trasport Sector in India: an overview of research and activity

Technologies that will be ready by next year:

Grid Independent Automated Fuel Cell Systems (GIPS) 10,000 watts (AC and DC power) - Liquid Cooled

Contact Details:
Centre for Fuel Cell Technology IIT M Research Park, Phase-1 2nd Floor, Section B1 TS No. 2D, F Block 6 Kanagam Road, Taramani CHENNAI - 600 113, India Phone: +91-44-66632700/2701 Fax: +91-44-66632702 Email:ksdhatha@arci.res.in, info@arci.res.in Website: http://www.arci.res.in/cfct/index.html

ii. National Chemical Laboratory (NCL)

Brief Profile:
A unique non-profit resource center dedicated to the isolation, collection, preservation and distribution of authentic cultures of industrially important microorganisms. The mission of NCL is:

To carry out R&D in chemical and related sciences with a view to eventually deliver a product, process, intellectual property, tacit knowledge or service that can create wealth and provide other benefits to NCLs stakeholders To build and maintain a balance portfolio of scientific activities as well as R&D programs to enable NCL to fulfill the demands of its stakeholders, present and future To create and sustain specialized Knowledge Competencies and Resource Centers within NCL which can provide support to all stakeholders of NCL

Current Areas of Work:

Several interesting hybrid nano-structured materials for device applications have been developed. Some of these materials include functionalized carbon nanotubes and oxides like cuprous oxide and tin oxide with an organic monolayer capping, biomimetic synthesis of minerals. Nanostructured and other magnetic oxides, prepared by sol-gel and other soft chemistry routes.

Contact Details:
Dr. K. Vijayamohanan National Chemical Laboratory, Dr. Homi Bhabha Road , Pune 411 008 India Email : vk.pillai@ncl.res.in Phone : +91-20-2590 2588, 2635 Fax : +91-20-2590 2636 Website: http://www.ncl-india.org/index.jsp

The Sustainable Trasport Sector in India: an overview of research and activity

iii. The Bhabha Atomic Research center

Brief Profile:
A premier multi-disciplinary Nuclear Research Centre of India having excellent infrastructure for advanced Research and Development with expertise covering the entire spectrum of Nuclear Science and Engineering and related areas. In a nutshell, BARC provides a broad spectrum of scientific and technological activities extending from basic laboratory bench scale research to scaled up plant level operations and its functional domain covers all walks of science and technology stretching from classical school of thoughts to the emerging novel fields of interest. The core mandate of this institution is to provide Research and Development support required to sustain one of the major peaceful applications of nuclear energy viz. power generation.

Current Areas of Work:

Solid oxide fuel cell Basic research on anode, cathode, electrolyte and inter-connecter materials for SOFC technology in conjunction with Indian Institute of Technology, Chennai The Fuel Cell Development Program at BARC aims at1: Technology Development and Demonstration for 5 kW tubular SOFC and 1 kW Planar Multi-cell PEMFC systems complete with fuel generator and power conditioner Setting up of facilities and infrastructure for fabrication/ integration of fuel cell components and other subsystems, specially thin ceramic films for SOFC and Membranes and MEA (Membrane Electrode Assembly) for PEMFC. Modular Cell design for standardization and scale up

Contact Details:
Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Trombay, Mumbai - 400 085 INDIA Email : webmaster@barc.gov.in Phone : +91-22-25505050 / 25592000 Fax : +91-22-25505151 / 25519613 Website: http://www.barc.ernet.in More info - http://203.199.213.48/1097/1/B_P_Sharma.pdf

iv. The Indian Institute of Sciences, Bangalore

Brief Profile:
The Indian Institute of Science (IISc) was conceived as a Research Institute or University of Research in the the 19th century. The Institute began with only two departments: General and Applied Chemistry and ElectroTechnology. Several new areas of research have been established, many of them for the first time in India. The
1

More info - http://203.199.213.48/1097/1/B_P_Sharma.pdf

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The Sustainable Trasport Sector in India: an overview of research and activity

Institutes departments in fields ranging from Biochemistry to Aerospace Engineering have served to nucleate research and development in both the public and private sectors.

Current Areas of Work:

Developing SOFC systems. A methanol reformer was developed and integrated with a fuel cell system by IISc, Bangalore Work on developing a DMFC is underway at IISc. In addition, research on SOFC is being done at IISc and Central Glass & Ceramic Research Institute (CGCRI), Kolkata

Contact Details:
Jalahalli, Bangalore, Karnataka - 560012, Phone:(91)80-23600757, Fax:(91)80-23600683, 23600685, Email: regr@admin.iisc.ernet.in, Website: http://www.iisc.ernet.in,

v. The Indian Institute of Technology, Kharagpur

Brief Profile:
The history of the IIT system dates back to 1946. The department of metallurgical & materials engineering developed excellent expertise in the areas of Extractive and Physical Metallurgy, Manufacturing Processes, Mechanical Behaviour of Materials, Nano-Science and Technology, Modelling and Simulation, Surface Engineering, Powder Metallurgy and Environmental Degradation of Materials. One of the very important dimensions of this department is its well equipped laboratory with sophisticated machines like High Resolution X-ray Diffractometers, Thermal Analyzers, Particle Size Analyzers, Digital Hardness Testers, Nano-indenter, Atomic Force Microscope, Universal Testing Machine, High Temperature Tensile and Compressive Creep Testing Machines, Rotating Bending Fatigue Testing Machine, Vacuum Induction Melting Furnace, High Energy Ball Mills, Plasma Ion Implanter, Erosion Rig, Potentiostats, Slow Strain Rate Testing Machine, Programmable Furnaces, Optical microscopes with Image Analyzer, Scanning Electron Microscope, Transmission Electron Microscope, and High Resolution Transmission Electron Microscope. The sponsored projects undertaken by the department are in the areas of Nanostructured materials, Interstitial-free and Micro Alloyed Steels, Composites, Intermetallics, Biomaterials, Lithium Ion Battery, Ultrahigh temperature ceramics, Fatigue, Creep and Fracture Mechanics, Structural Integrity Analysis of Irradiated Nuclear Material, Surface Engineering of Metals and Alloys, Oxidation and Environmental Degradation, Solidification Processing, Genetic Algorithm, Process Simulation and Modelling, and Evaluation of Ternary Alloy Phase Diagrams

Current Areas of Work:

Materials for solid oxide fuel cells Hydrogen storage Solid Oxide Fuel Cell Lithium Ion Battery Microbial Fuel Cell2
2

More info - http://www.btc.iitkgp.ernet.in/ddas.html

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The Sustainable Trasport Sector in India: an overview of research and activity

Contact Details:
Metallurgical & Materials Engineering Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur - 721302, INDIA Phone: +91-3222-2882279 Fax: +91-3222-255303 Email: hod@metal.iitkgp.ernet.in Website: http://www.iitkgp.ac.in, http://www.iitkgp.ac.in/departments/home.php?deptcode=MT More info - http://www.btc.iitkgp.ernet.in/ddas.html

vi. The Indian Institute of Technology, Madras

Brief Profile:
The Indian Institute of Technology Madras is one among the foremost institutes of national importance in higher technological education, basic and applied research. The Institute has fifteen academic departments and a few advanced research centers in various disciplines of engineering and pure sciences, with nearly 100 laboratories organized in a unique pattern of functioning. Faculties of international repute, a brilliant student community, excellent technical and supporting staff and an effective administration have all contributed to the pre-eminent status of IIT Madras. The campus is located in the city of Chennai, previously known as Madras. The focus areas of the chemical engineering department are in energy (fuel cells, coal gasification and combustion), systems and control (data analysis, fault diagnosis, optimization, advanced control), process intensification (ultrasonics, microwaves, microfluidics and microreactors), biochemical and environmental engineering (waste water treatment, bioremediation of soils, air pollution monitoring), and materials (polymers, electronic materials, catalysts).

Current Areas of Work:

Solide Oxyde Fuel Cell, Alkaline DMFC Indian Institute of Technology (IIT), Madras (Chennai) in collaboration with the Southern Petrochemical Industries Corporation Science Foundation (SPIC-SF) is developing a 250 watt DMFC stack, under a government funded project. As part of an R&D project sponsored by the Ministry of New and Renewable Energy Sources (MNES), SPIC-SF has also developed a PEM-based uninterrupted power supply (UPS) system. This system is to be tested at the IIT Madras (Chennai) for its performance and reliability. IIT Madras also has advanced studies ongoing on hydrogen storage in carbon nanotubes. It claims to be able to store up to 5% hydrogen reliably. There are also some projects to produce hydrogen from alternative sources, although these are at an early stage.

Contact Details:
Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, I.I.T. Post Office, Chennai - 600 036 India
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The Sustainable Trasport Sector in India: an overview of research and activity

Phone: +91 (44) 2257 4241 Fax: +91 (44) 2257 0509 Email: bvnathan@iitm.ac.in Website: http://chem.iitm.ac.in/professordetails/profviswanathan/index.htm, www.iitm.ac.in

vii. Central Electrochemical Research Institute (CECRI)

Brief Profile:
Central Electrochemical Research Institute (CECRI) was founded in 1948 and represents the largest research establishment for electrochemistry in South Asia. Headquartered at Karaikudi, CECRI has extension centers in Chennai, Mandapam and Tuticorin. In the year 2004, CECRI was selected as one of the nodal laboratories for R&D on hydrogen-based fuel cells under the New Millennium Indian Technology Leadership Initiative. Such a R&D program is seminal for the country since hydrogen has come to be seen as the ultimate fuel for the future. In a short span of two years, CECRI has developed and demonstrated self-sustainable polymer electrolyte fuel cell stacks for portable power applications, clearly establishing its capability to fructify a concept into the product. Based on this noteworthy contribution, prestigious clean energy projects for cutting-edge R&D on hydrogen-based fuel cells and next-generation lithium batteries have been awarded to CECRI during the eleventh five year plan. CECRI Madras Centre, established in 1971, in this complex is one among the three centers of Central Electrochemical Research Institute, Karaikudi. This Centre has been recently transformed into a full-fledged R&D Centre for select electrochemical power systems namely fuel cells, super capacitors and electrochemical solar cells. The focus of this centre is to act as a nucleus for developing functionally better performing cost effective electrochemical power delivering systems of the above mentioned devices through creation of new knowledge and its transformation into application oriented utility.

Current Areas of Work:

Developed and tested a MCFC stack Polymer Electrolyte Fuel Cell (PEFC), Direct Methanol Fuel Cell (DMFC) , Direct Borohydride Fuel Cell (DBFC), Super capacitors (Supercaps) and Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells (DSSC)

Contact Details:
CECRI Chennai Unit CSIR Complex TTTI, Taramani, Chennai - 600113 Tamil Nadu, India Phone: +91 (44) 22542818, 22542068, 22541384 Fax: +91 (44) 22542456 Email: sicmds@cecri.res.in, siccecri@csircmc.res.in Website:http://www.cecri.res.in, http://csirmadrascomplex.gov.in/Cecri.html

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The Sustainable Trasport Sector in India: an overview of research and activity

viii. Central Glass and Ceramics Research Institute (CGCRI)

Brief Profile:
Central Glass and Ceramic Research Institute (CGCRI), one of the foremost laboratories in the family of the Council of Scientific and Industrial Research was formally inaugurated on August 26, 1950. In the early phases, the R&D activities of Institute concentrated mainly on the benefaction and characterization of raw materials of interest to glass and ceramics. Today, CGCRI is the only research laboratory in India engaged in the development of glass, ceramics and ceramics based composite materials. A wide expertise pool generated through years of devoted efforts spans from basic research to technology development at bench and prototype scales. Currently the Institute is engaged in six sectors namely Materials, Minerals & Manufacturing, Communication & Instrumentation, Health Care, Energy & Environment, Water Technology and Rural Development out of the sixteen technology sectors that are of national priority in the eleventh five-year plan. In tune with the global R&D scenario, the Institute has augmented a couple of frontier areas - Solid Oxide Fuel Cells and Nanostructured Materials besides its involvement in the high-tech areas: Specialty Glasses, Fibre Optics & Photonics, Bio-ceramics & Coating, Engineering Ceramics inclusive of Refractory, Composites and Non-Oxide Materials, Advanced Clay & Traditional Ceramics, Ceramic Membranes and Ceramic based Sensor and Actuators. The dimension of materials spans wide: tiny nano-particles to the big slab and blocks; a chain of state-of-the-art material characterization facilities provides the essential back up support to R&D in various areas.

Current Areas of Work:

Solid Oxide Fuel Cell (SOFC) SOFC Stack

Contact Details:
Central Glass & Ceramic Research Institute 196 Raja S C Mullick Road, Kolkata-700032 (INDIA) Phone : +91-33-2473-5829 Fax : +91-33- 2473-0957 Email : director@cgcri.res.in Website: http://www.cgcri.res.in, http://www.cgcri.res.in/page.php?id=282

ix. Banaras Hindu University (BHU)

Brief Profile:
Banaras Hindu University ranks among the top institutions in the country in the field of academic and research output. The well established research groups led by the faculty members, offer research facilities in the areas of Chemical sensors with major emphasis on commercial development of electrochemical biosensors/sensors, Organically modified silicate based nanomaterials and nanocomposite Water Pollution Control, Hydrometallurgy, Tribology and E P lubricant additive development, Corrosion-inhibition of metals and alloys, Synthetic heterocyclic chemistry,
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The Sustainable Trasport Sector in India: an overview of research and activity

Computer-aided chemistry problem solutions, Coordination Chemistry and Bioinorganic Chemistry. The faculty has guided about 50 Ph.D.s and published over 500 research papers in leading International and National Journals. The Departmental research has been supported by DST, DOEnv., MHRD, CSIR, UGC and AICTE. The Department has also been able to establish major research laboratories on Electrochemical biosensors development, Water Pollution control laboratory and Centre for Tribology laboratory.

Current Areas of Work:

Banaras Hindu University (BHU) is carrying out research and development of metal hydride storage methods for hydrogen and the use of hydrogen in internal combustion engines. In 2001, the institute started a field trial with 10 motorcycles and added a three-wheeler to the fleet in 2004. The demonstration program is supported by Indias Ministry of New and Renewable Energy Sources (MNES).

Contact Details:
Institute of Technology, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005 Phone : +91 542 2307024/25 Fax : +91 542 2368428 Email : pcpandey@bhu.ac.in Website: www.bhu.ac.in, http://www.itbhu.ac.in/apc/

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The Sustainable Trasport Sector in India: an overview of research and activity

1. COMPANIES AND RESEARCH ORGANIZATIONS IN THE INDIAN BIOFUELS SECTOR A) Biofuels i. Bharat Renewable Energy Ltd (BREL)
Main Line of activity: Jatropha and Pongamia cultivation Location: Lucknow, India Company Profile/Overview:
Bharat Renewable Energy Limited is a company promoted by Bharat Petroleum Corporation Limited, Nandan Biomatrix Limited & Shapoorji & Pallonji Corporation Limited. BREL has been mandated by the government of Uttar Pradesh to carry out biofuel/jatropha plantation in 10 lakh acres of unused land in 5 years. Bharat Renewable Energy Limited (BREL) with the help of Bio Energy Mission cell (under Planning Department, Government of Uttar Pradesh) is setting up a bio diesel value chain in Uttar Pradesh.

Collaboration: SG Biofuels Co-ordinates:

Address: Phone: Email Website: Bharat Renewable Energy Limited, 4/28, 1st Floor, Vishal Khand, Gomti Nagar, Lucknow 226010 (U.P) 91-0522-4022087 info@brel.in http://brel.in/

ii. Praj Industries Ltd

Location: Pune, India Main Line of activity: Provides technology platforms to the stakeholders in the biofuel industry Profile/Overview:
The Company addresses the entire value chain for processing of alcohol/ethanol as well as beer production, right from feedstock handling to fermentation, distillation and waste water treatment and re-utilization and has over 450 references in more than 60 countries across 5 continents.

Coordinates:
Address: Praj House, Bavdhan, Pune 411 021. INDIA Phone: Phone: +91-20-22951511 / 22952214 E-mail : info@praj.net Website: http://www.praj.net/

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The Sustainable Trasport Sector in India: an overview of research and activity

iii. Mission New Energy Limited

Location: Bhubaneswar, India Line of Activity: Integrated global renewable energy company Profile/Overview:
Mission New Energy has the refining capacity to deliver over 105 million gallons of biodiesel (2.6 million barrels), every year, and holds numerous certifications for biofuel quality and sustainability, including the BPACAGQM technical standard and ISO 9001:2008. Mission refineries are located at Kuantan Port, Malaysia. Cultivating over 194,000 acres of Jatropha Curcas under contract farming agreements. Mission NewEnergy operates in over 15,000 villages across five states in India. These operations are providing sustained employment for over 140,000 previously impoverished farmers.

Coordinat.es:
Address: Phone: Email: Website: Maa Gouri Complex, 2nd floor, Plot no. 191 Lewis Road, Bhubaneswar, 751014, Orissa, India 91 674 2436744 mbipl@missionnewenergy.com http://missionnewenergy.com/

iv. IKF Green Fuel Ltd.

Location: Uttar Pradesh, India. Main Line of activity: Jatropha Biodiesel Profile/Overview:
The Company is a wholly owned subsidiary of IKF Technologies Ltd. (www.ikf-technologies.com), having its registered office in Shillong and corporate office in NOIDA, India. IKF has evolved a model of Jatropha cultivation through Company owned / leased lands and through contract farming across the country. It has the largest area under Jatropha cultivation in around sixteen states throughout India.

Partnership: Sigma Bio-fuel, Avani Vermi Compost & Bio-fuel, Indian Oil Corporation Limited Jatropha Plantation Location: Jharkhand, Gujarat, Madhya Pradesh Highlights: IKFGFL is cultivating Jatropha on more than 10,000 ha under contract farming in different states. Coordinates:
Address: Phone: E-Mail: Website: A-56, Sector-16,Noida-201301. (UP) India +91-120-4633000 amarjyoti@ikfgreenfuel.in http://ikfgreenfuel.in/

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The Sustainable Trasport Sector in India: an overview of research and activity

v. AE Biofuels
Location: Kakinada, India Main Line of activity: Cellulosic Ethanol Profile/Overview:
Technology: AE Biofuels utilizes an Integrated Plant Approach that allows for the use of cellulose, corn and sugar feed stocks, increasing efficiencies. It also facilitates the upgrading of existing corn ethanol plants to use both corn and cellulosic feedstock and enables sugar cane ethanol plants to convert bagasse into fuel.

Useful Links: http://aebiofuels.com/_pdfs/AE%20Biofuels%20Presentation%202011-05-06.pdf Website: www.aebiofuels.com

vi. Godavari Biorefineries Ltd

Location: Mumbai, India Main Line of activity: Sugar Manufacturer Profile/Overview:
The Company has plants located in the states of Karnataka and Maharashtra in India & has diverse interests in Sugar, Power, Industrial Alcohol, Heavy Organic Chemicals, Specialty Chemicals, Bio-fertilizers & Agricultural Research. It manufacturers more than twenty products from renewable resources, thereby forming an entire Value Chain right from Sugar Cane to Sugar to other value added products like Power, Ethanol, Bio-fertilizers etc.

Coordinates:
Address: Phone: Website: Somaiya Bhavan 45-47, Mahatma Gandhi Road, Post Box No.384, Fort, Mumbai 400 001. INDIA 91+22-22858430/40/50 www.somaiya.com

vii. Nimbkar Agricultural Research Institute

Location: Mumbai, India Main Line of activity: Sustainable Rural Development through Application of Science and Technology Technology: Development of high yielding varieties and hybrids of sweet sorghum Profile/Overview:
NARI is an NGO and non-profit research and development institute. It was established in 1968 and registered under the Societies Registration Act XII of 1860 and the Bombay Public Trust Act of 1950. It is situated in the rural town of Phaltan in Maharashtra state. The Institute undertakes research and development in agriculture, renewable energy, animal husbandry and sustainable development.

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The Sustainable Trasport Sector in India: an overview of research and activity

Coordinates:
Address: Phone: E mail: Website: Phaltan-Lonand Road, Tambmal, P.O.Box 44, Phaltan - 415523, Maharashtra,India 91-2166-220945, 91-2166-222396 nariphaltan@gmail.com http://www.nariphaltan.org/nari/index.php

viii. Krishnamurthy Institute of Algology, Chennai (KIA)

Main line of activity:
Krishnamurthy institute of Algology (KIA) provides consultancy for algae based industries, provides infrastructure facilities and guidance to research students in their PhD programme and for research projects in microbiology and phycology. Their main area of expertise includes collecting and evaluating marine and fresh-water algal vegetation for maintenance at their research facility.

Headquartered at: Chennai Area of Expertise:

Expertise on isolating, culturing and cultivating marine algae and their chemistry and utilization Studies on South Indian Algae Strain selection and biomass utilization from the algae strains

Collaboration:
Vivekananda Institute of Algology (VIAT), Phycospectrum Consultants Pvt Ltd

Highlights:
KIA was started to decipher and exploit the potential of microalgae which are of great economic importance Collecting and evaluating marine algal vegetation are one of their main areas of expertise

Coordinates:
Address: E-mail: Phone: Website: 52, A, AK Block, 7th Main Road, Anna Nagar, Chennai 600 040, India krishalg@yahoo.com 91 - 44 26201132 http://kiachennai.com/

ix. Centre for Conservation & Utilization of Blue Green Algae, Indian institute of Agricultural research (IARI), Delhi
Main line of activity:
National Centre for conservation and Utilization of Blue-Green Algae is a national research centre under Indian institute of Agricultural research (IARI), Delhi. The Centre functions as a service as well as depository centre in the country for algal isolates. It also acts as a National germplasm centre for blue-green algae (BGA).

Headquartered at: New Delhi

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The Sustainable Trasport Sector in India: an overview of research and activity

Area of Expertise:
Expertise in conducting basic and applied research on blue-green algae Provides services for unialgal culture isolation Protocol development and Mass production of BGA biofertilizer Strain selection for nitrogen fixing potential and value added products like biopolymers, natural colours, proteins, biofuels etc and to study on bioremediation potential of blue green algae Morphology, physiology and ecology of algae

Highlights:
Isolation, purification and maintenance of blue algal strains from various agro ecological regions of India

x. Birla Institute of Scientific Research, Jaipur

Main line of activity:
Birla Institute of Scientific Research (BISR) is involved in fostering and promoting various aspects of science and technology and has multi-functional activities.

Headquartered at: Jaipur, Rajasthan Area of Expertise:

Cultivating marine algae strains with a big-focus on Dunaliella species for biofuels and carbon-dioxide sequestration from algae Cultivating algae-strains for biobutanol Production

Highlights:
Cultivating marine microalgae for biodiesel and biobutanol production

Website: http://www.bisr.res.in

xi. National Institute of Ocean Technology

Main line of activity:
The National Institute of Ocean Technology (NIOT) was established in November 1993 The major aim of starting NIOT is to develop world class technologies and their applications for sustainable utilization of ocean resources.

Headquartered at: Chennai Area of Expertise:

Utilization of deep ocean water for algal culturing

Technology employed:
Potential of deep ocean water for algal culture
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The Sustainable Trasport Sector in India: an overview of research and activity

Highlights:
Culturing of algae from oceans, development of photobioreactors for certain strains isolated from the ocean.

Website: http//www.niot.res.in

xii. Hash BioTech Labs Pvt. Ltd

Main line of activity:
Hash BioTech Labs Private Limited was founded in 2007 with their main R&D focus on bio ernergy, bio-cosmetics, nutraceuticals, pharmaceuticals using algae.

Headquartered at: Mohali, Punjab Area of Expertise:

Outdoor mass production of high-oil yielding algae strains Extraction, purification and production of nutraceutical products as well as biodiesel and bioethanol

Highlights:
Genetic modifications and optimizations of various micro algal strains for the bio-energy, pharmaceuticals, neutraceuticals, medical diagnostics, food & beverages, cosmetics.

Website: http://www.hashbiotech.com/hashbiotech/default.aspx

xiii. The DBT-ICT Centre of Energy Biosciences, Institute of Chemical Technology, Mumbai
Main line of activity:
The Centre is focused primarily at developing biotechnologies for deriving energy from renewable resources and cut down greenhouse gas emissions.

Headquartered at: Mumbai Area of Expertise:

Strain-improvement and algae-culture maintenance Production of cellulosic ethanol from lignocellulosic biomass

Highlights:
Engineering algal strains to produce biomass and natural products, algal biohydrogen production, protocol to produce high amounts of fermentable sugars in the single-cells of algae.

Website: http://ictmumbai.edu.in

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The Sustainable Trasport Sector in India: an overview of research and activity

xiv. Enhanced Biofuels & Technologies (I) Pvt Ltd.

Main line of activity:
Enhanced biofuels established in 1989 was mainly started to perform research on Jatropha. Eventually, they started working on algae. The company has undertaken research and development in the field of Agronomy, Processing Technology, Renewable Energy, Biotechnology, and Microbiology and microalgae cultivation. The company comprises a series of experts with extensive expertise in agronomy, soil sciences, microbiology, plant breeding and oil technology.

Headquartered at: Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu Area of Expertise:

Collection of microalgal cultures and evaluating them. They have isolated 86 algae cultures from Indian laboratories and U.S. laboratories and have maintained it in their laboratory.

Technology employed:
EBTIs business is the delivery of end to end solutions for bio energy, designed to support all segments of the supply chain associated with the production of biodiesel, bio ethanol, bio energy, bio lubricants, bio pesticides, bio fertilizers and other high value commodities derived from the processing of various biomass resources with a big focus on algae.

Future Plans:
They are planning to produce non-fuel products first while producing fuel products; for example: they are working on producing high-value end products such as omega-3 fatty acid while producing biodiesel so as to make the process economically viable.

Highlights:
The company is focused in biofuel production using non edible sources of feed stock like Jatropha and algae They have isolated 86 algae cultures from Indian laboratories and U.S. laboratories and have maintained it in their laboratory

Website: http://www.ebtiplc.com

xv. The Energy and Resources Institute (TERI)

Main line of activity:
The Energy-Environment Technology Development (EETD) Division of TERI focuses on products and services based on renewable energy technologies and resource efficiency.

Headquartered at: New Delhi Area of Expertise:

Algae-cultivation in open-pond systems
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The Sustainable Trasport Sector in India: an overview of research and activity

Collaboration:
Biodiversity and Sustainable Development (IBSD) Assam Agricultural University (AAU) Mizoram University (MU)

Highlights:
Pilot Scale Demonstration of algal oil Production has been carried out by isolating around 20 native algae strains with high lipid content.

Website: http://www.teriin.org/index.php

xvi. TRA International

Main line of activity:
The Company consists of an international team of committed scientists and entrepreneurs interested in translating high technology into green solutions

Headquartered at: New Delhi Area of Expertise:

They have developed a scalable bioreactor suitable to various climates that has shown effective carbon reduction for a wide range of applications.

Technology employed:
They have developed a unique genetically modified algal strain and medium for algae which can grow under varied conditions They have successfully demonstrated their technology in MIT campus, USA and seeking funds for joint ventures for commercialization

Highlights:
Innovated and developed a scalable photobioreactor capable of sequestering carbon-dioxide emissions from smoke stacks and furnaces.

Website: http://www.trainternational.com

xvii. Energy Microalgae

Main line of activity:
The company includes a team of professionals include biologists, engineers, managers legal experts and accountants who work for a common goal.

Headquartered at: Kerala, India.

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The Sustainable Trasport Sector in India: an overview of research and activity

Technology employed:
Developed an open trough bioreactor system which avoids the demerits of both closed photo bioreactor and open ponds Their algae harvesting system HYDROPHOBIC CELL ESCALATION is a milking process. There will be 3-5 harvests per day depending upon the cell density They are using an in built harvesting mechanism which can be fully automated. Biomass production achieved up to 40gm/sq m/day. The harvested algae biomass is sun dried to a moisture content of <10%

Highlights:
Expertise in growing algae for aquaculture; expert in cultivating marine algae strains in open-circular ponds by employing automated harvesting methods, sun-drying for producing biodiesel and bio-butanol

Website: http://www.energymicrolgae.com/index1.html

xviii. Phyco Spectrum Consultants Private limited.

Main line of activity: Phyco Spectrum is involved in research and development of algae based technology to
mitigate pollution, nullify global warming and help to eradicate malnutrition and energy crisis.

Headquartered at: Chennai Area of Expertise:

Phyco spectrum is specializing in Algae based Research & projects relating to Industrial Effluents Treatment, Municipal Sewage Treatment, Wastewater Treatment, Algal Biomass Utilization and CO2 & NO2 Mitigation by its phycoremediation techniques Phycospectrum provides consultancy to establish micro algal farms and utilization of Algae biomass for various applications

Technology employed:
Phycospectrum provides consultancy to establish micro algal farms Several marine micro algae isolated from sea were screened for growth, productivity, pigments and biochemical constituents like protein, carbohydrate and lipids A low cast harvesting technology has been developed by combining auto flocculation and chemical flocculation. Trials are on to optimize physical and chemical parameters to achieve higher productivity and utilize flu gas

Highlights:
Phycospectrum provides consultancy to establish micro algal farms Optimization of critical parameters for sustained algal productivity and development of efficient and less expensive harvesting technology have been achieved through laboratory and field level research by combining auto flocculation and chemical flocculation

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The Sustainable Trasport Sector in India: an overview of research and activity

By combining both phototrophic and heterotrophic modes of cultivation techniques very high productivity has been achieved Micro algal cultivation using open raceway pond and have optimized parameters for nutrient input and regular harvesting

Website: http://phycospectrum.com/

xix. Shirke Biohealthcare Pvt. Ltd

Main line of activity:
Founded in 1997, Shirke Biohealthcare is emerged one of the leading company in the field of Biotechnology with its wide experience in the field of Pharmaceutical, Agriculture, Non-conventional energy & Environmental science.

Headquartered at: Pune Area of Expertise:

Extraction of oil from algae and convergence into biodiesel.

Highlights:
SBHCPL have an advance technology for production of 25 kilograms of oil per day per 1,000 square meter pond.

Website: http://www.shirkebiofuels.com/algae.htm

xx. Beckons Industries Ltd.

Main line of activity:
Beckons high yield algae farms recycle carbon dioxide from flue gases to produce biofuels and feed, reducing net carbon dioxide production as waste becomes profit.

Headquartered at: Chandigarh (INDIA) Area of Expertise:

Harvesting algae for biofuels enhances domestic fuel production while mitigating CO2.

Technology employed:
Using a modular system of Light Dependent phase of Photosynthesis in a low cost PBR with indigenous material and a Photosynthesis light Independent phase vessel to increase its efficiency.

Highlights:
Developed a medium called Chandigarh Medium for mass culture of a selected strain of Microalgae.

Website: http://www.beckons.org/

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