Code No: RR410406 Set No.

1
IV B.Tech I Semester Regular Examinations, November 2007
SATELLITE COMMUNICATIONS
( Common to Electronics & Communication Engineering and Electronics &
Telematics)
Time: 3 hours Max Marks: 80
Answer any FIVE Questions
All Questions carry equal marks
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1. Explain in detail about India?s participation in other International communications

satellite systems. [16]

2. (a) What is transfer orbit and how is the orbit correction for the launch of satellite
at latitude other than equator is obtained? [6]
(b) Explain as to how satellite is placed into geostationary orbit from earth. [10]

3. (a) What is spin stabilization? Why is it necessary? Explain various effects that
is to be avoided and its remedial solution. [8]
(b) What is station keeping? Explain various methods of station keeping. [8]

4. Why lens antennas are preferred for satellite communication, explain in detail.
Explain the function of lens antenna. [16]

5. (a) What is the necessity of keeping front end of the satellite receiver at the
earth station in a helium-coolent: what is the range of temperature of the
preamplifier. [6]
(b) A transponder using the global beam, a typical output back off level of 3dB
with one access to that transponder so the radiated power from the transpon-
der is 5dBW giving EIRP of 21dBW. at 40,000kM. The threshold of C/N
is 11dB. Allowing a 7dB system margin. Calculate the diameter of the disk
antenna assuming an antenna efficiency of 65% . Assume any data missing.
[10]

6. (a) A 36 MHz satellite transponder is accessed by sequence-synchronous CDMA

users with bit rate 9.6 kbps. Gold sequences with a length of m=10 are used.
The link carrier-to-noise plus interference ratio is C/N = - 8 dB. Assume PSK
is used as carrier modulation. Find the number of users the transponder can
accommodate at Pe = 10−5 . [8]
(b) Consider a fast-hop FSK-FH-CDMA satellite channel where M hops are per-
formed per bit. The number of frequency slots in the channel is n. Find the
probability of intercepting k users in one bit interval. [8]

7. (a) What is Faraday rotation? How is it avoided in Satellite communication?

Explain which type of antenna is preferred to avoid it. [8]
(b) How do you select the site for earth station? Explain in detail. [8]

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Code No: RR410406 Set No. 1
8. Analyse various noises disturbing the received signal from satellite at earth station.
[16]

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Code No: RR410406 Set No. 2
IV B.Tech I Semester Regular Examinations, November 2007
SATELLITE COMMUNICATIONS
( Common to Electronics & Communication Engineering and Electronics &
Telematics)
Time: 3 hours Max Marks: 80
Answer any FIVE Questions
All Questions carry equal marks
⋆⋆⋆⋆⋆

1. List the various advantages and disadvantages of satellite communication. Explain

the various reason for preferring satellites than optical fibers which are providing
very high bandwidth. [16]
2. (a) Prove that the smallest value that the inclination angle can have is equal to
the latitude of the launch site in the plane of the orbit. [8]
(b) A satellite is in a circular equatorial orbit at an altitude of 10000 km from
earth’s surface. Determine the maximum eclipse time in a day during the full
eclipse period. [8]
3. (a) What is spin stabilization? Why is it necessary? Explain various effects that
is to be avoided and its remedial solution. [8]
(b) What is station keeping? Explain various methods of station keeping. [8]
4. Explain in detail about (6/4)GHz communication subsystem. [16]
5. (a) What is the necessity of keeping front end of the satellite receiver at the
earth station in a helium-coolent: what is the range of temperature of the
preamplifier. [6]
(b) A transponder using the global beam, a typical output back off level of 3dB
with one access to that transponder so the radiated power from the transpon-
der is 5dBW giving EIRP of 21dBW. at 40,000kM. The threshold of C/N
is 11dB. Allowing a 7dB system margin. Calculate the diameter of the disk
antenna assuming an antenna efficiency of 65% . Assume any data missing.
[10]
6. Explain the Frequency Division Multiple Access of Satellite System with one ex-
ample. [16]
7. (a) What are various feed systems employed for large cassegrain antennas. Explain
them clearly. [8]
(b) What are various aspects considered in the design of large antennas? Explain
in detail. [8]
8. (a) Explain how the power level of the signal is raised in satellite communication?
Which device is used for power rising? And write its function. [8]
(b) Explain the operation of TWT amplifier? Explain its structure required for
reliable operation? [8]

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Code No: RR410406 Set No. 2
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Code No: RR410406 Set No. 3
IV B.Tech I Semester Regular Examinations, November 2007
SATELLITE COMMUNICATIONS
( Common to Electronics & Communication Engineering and Electronics &
Telematics)
Time: 3 hours Max Marks: 80
Answer any FIVE Questions
All Questions carry equal marks
⋆⋆⋆⋆⋆

1. List the various frequency bands being used in satellite communication. Compare
the advantages and disadvantages of different bands considering the effects of prop-
agation media. [16]
2. Discuss the phenomena of eclipse as applied to geostationary satellite and solar
interference experienced at an earth station. How do these factors influence the
system design. [16]
3. (a) What is spin stabilization? Why is it necessary? Explain various effects that
is to be avoided and its remedial solution. [8]
(b) What is station keeping? Explain various methods of station keeping. [8]
4. Explain about the various effects and their remedies of external satellite environ-
ment around satellite antenna. [16]
5. (a) Derive the general link design equation for a satellite and prove that a large
G/T ratio provides better C/N ratio. [10]
(b) A satellite at a distance of 36,000 km from earth radiates a power of 5W from
an antenna with a gain of 16dB. Find the power received by an earth station
antenna with a gain of 45dB. Operating frequency is 11GHZ. [6]
6. (a) A 36 MHz satellite transponder is accessed by sequence-synchronous CDMA
users with bit rate 9.6 kbps. Gold sequences with a length of m=10 are used.
The link carrier-to-noise plus interference ratio is C/N = - 8 dB. Assume PSK
is used as carrier modulation. Find the number of users the transponder can
accommodate at Pe = 10−5 . [8]
(b) Consider a fast-hop FSK-FH-CDMA satellite channel where M hops are per-
formed per bit. The number of frequency slots in the channel is n. Find the
probability of intercepting k users in one bit interval. [8]
7. (a) What is an orthomode transducer? In which part of the satellite earth station
it is required. Explain clearly. [8]
(b) In what way a satellite earth station is different from a microwave link? Ex-
plain clearly? [8]
8. Analyse various noises disturbing the received signal from satellite at earth station.
[16]

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Code No: RR410406 Set No. 4
IV B.Tech I Semester Regular Examinations, November 2007
SATELLITE COMMUNICATIONS
( Common to Electronics & Communication Engineering and Electronics &
Telematics)
Time: 3 hours Max Marks: 80
Answer any FIVE Questions
All Questions carry equal marks
⋆⋆⋆⋆⋆

1. Mention some important milestones in the development of satellite communication

and describe its growth. [16]

2. Describe the salient features of Direct Broadcast Satellite system with neat sketches.
[16]

3. (a) What is spin stabilization? Why is it necessary? Explain various effects that
is to be avoided and its remedial solution. [8]
(b) What is station keeping? Explain various methods of station keeping. [8]

4. Why lens antennas are preferred for satellite communication, explain in detail.
Explain the function of lens antenna. [16]

5. (a) What is the necessity of keeping front end of the satellite receiver at the
earth station in a helium-coolent: what is the range of temperature of the
preamplifier. [6]
(b) A transponder using the global beam, a typical output back off level of 3dB
with one access to that transponder so the radiated power from the transpon-
der is 5dBW giving EIRP of 21dBW. at 40,000kM. The threshold of C/N
is 11dB. Allowing a 7dB system margin. Calculate the diameter of the disk
antenna assuming an antenna efficiency of 65% . Assume any data missing.
[10]

6. Explain the Frequency Division Multiple Access of Satellite System with one ex-
ample. [16]

7. (a) A 14/11 GHz antenna has a G/T ratio of 40.3dB at 11.2 GHz. The antenna
gain is 64dB and the system noise temperature at 10 deg elevation angle
in clear air conditions is 234k. The antenna aperture efficiency and noise
temperature are detailed in the list below. During heavy rain, the slant path
attenuation reaches 8dB for 0.01 percent of the year. Calculate G/T ratio
for their fraction of the year and the corresponding reduction in C/N for the
received signal. [10]
Aperture efficiency: 71.3%
Sky noise at 10deg elevation: 30k
LNA noise temperature: 150k
(b) Explain in detail how geostationary satellites are tracked from the earth sta-
tion? [6]

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Code No: RR410406 Set No. 4
8. (a) Draw the simplified diagram of large Earth station equipment using FDM/FM/FDMA
technology and explain each block in detail. [10]
(b) Explain the functions of major RF components used in the above Earth station
design. [6]

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