Taal Volcano

Taal Volcano, one of the world's lowest volcanoes, is an island located near the center of Taal Lake in Batangas Province. Its highest point, 311m . Above sea level, is on the eastern rim of the main crater. Covering an area of 23 sq. km., the Volcano Island is surrounded by a fresh body of water, about two meters above sea level and 127 sq. km. in area. Taal Lake is known to have originated from the collapse of prehistoric volcanic centers. The underwater topography suggests the presence of about 35 different submerged volcanic landforms. Taal Volcano is a tuff cone. The rock formation consists of moderately consolidated ash beds with varying amounts of coarser fragments. Composed of at least 35 cones coalesced by several eruptions, Taal has about 47 craters or depressions formed either by direct explosive eruptions or by collapse or ground subsience. The 35 identified cones were formed by different type of volcanic processes: base surges (rapidly moving mixtures of volcanic debris and steam), airfalls and effusion of lava. Twenty-six of these cones are tuff cones, five are cinder cones and four are maars (shallow to deep circular depressions of volcanic origin). The Main Crater occupies the central portion of the Volcano Island. Twelve of Taal Volcano's eruptions occured at this crater from 1749 to 1911. There are five other major eruption centers, namely: Binintiang Malaki, Binintiang Munti, Pira-0piraso, Calauit and Mt. Tabaro Eruption Site. To date, Taal Volcano, has had 33 recorded eruption since its first known outburst in 1572. Its most catastrophic eruptions occured in 1754 and 1911. In 1754, the towns of Sala, Lipa, Tanauan, and Taal, then on the borders of Lake Taal, were destroyed and were subsequently relocated to their present sites. The 1911 eruption completely devastated the whole Volcano Island and claimed a toll of 1,034 lives. Ashes spewed out by the volcano reached as far as Manila and covered an area of 2,000 sq. km. Based on Taal Volcano's morphological features, it can be deduced that most of its eruptions were either Phreatic or Phreatomagmatic. Ground water and mobile magma may have either separately or jointly played the pricipal role in determining the nature of Taal eruptions. The 1968 and 1969 activities were, however, characterized as Strombolian with lava fountaining from several active vents and the effussion of molten rocks at the base of crater. Despite the hazards posed by the volcano, Taal Volcano Island has been attracting migrants because of its fertile soil and rich fishing grounds. Lake Taal is known for several varieties of milkfish, carps, maliputo and tawilis. The island had a population of more than 5,000 in 1990

Mayon Volcano
Mayon Volcano lies in the eastern portion of the province of Albay and is about 300 km. southeast of Manila. Well known for its beauty and near perfect cone, this active volcano is one of the tourist attractions of the country. Mayon reaches up to around 2,462 m. above sea level and covers an area of 250 sq. km. Its base circumference is 62.8 km. encompassing the towns of Camalig, Malilipot and Sto. Domingo. Mayon is classified as a stratovolcano or composite cone. It consists of deposits formed basically by four major types of volcanic activity: airfall deposition, pyroclastic flows, rain triggered debris flows and lava flows. Airfalls and pyroclastic flow deposits are composed of unconsolidated materials, varying in size from ash to ssmall boulders. These deposits result from the eruption of fragmented rocks from the crater and are transported downslope under the influence of gravity, explosion blast and the prevailing wind. Considered as the most active volcano in the Philippines, Mayon Volcano has had at least 43 eruptions since 1616. Its most violent and devastating outburst occurred on February 1, 1814. Nearby towns of Camalig, Cagsawa and Budiao were severely damaged, half of Guinobatan was ruined and at least 1,200 people perished in this eruption. The eruptions of Mayon are usually "Vulcanian" or explosive in nature. They are characterized by the emission of fine ash and ash-laden gases forming huge "cauliflower" clouds. The symmetry of the volcano indicates that the eruptions have always occured at the central vent and that these have never been violent enough to destroy Mayon's form. Mayon, though sometimes destructive, is also productive. Its fertile slopes and surrounding plains, coupled by abundant rainfall through the year, have made Albay a rich agricultural region with the bulk of its population found in towns bordering the volcano such as Camalig, Guinobatan, Daraga, Legaspi, Sto. Domingo, Ligao and Malilipot. The region is suited for growing abaca and coconut, two of Bicol's major crops, as well as palay and vegetables.

Mount Pinatubo
Mount Pinatubo is an active stratovolcano located on the island of Luzon, at the intersection of the borders of the Philippine provinces of Zambales, Tarlac, and Pampanga. It is located in the Tri-Cabusilan Mountain range separating the west coast of Luzon from the central plains, and is 42 km (26 mi) west of the dormant and more prominent Mount Arayat[3], occasionally mistaken for Pinatubo. Ancestral Pinatubo was a stratovolcano made of andesite and dacite. Before 1991, the mountain was inconspicuous and heavily eroded. It was covered in dense forest which supported a population of several thousand indigenous people, the Aeta, who had fled to the mountains from the lowlands during the protracted Spanish conquest of the Philippines which first commenced in 1565. The volcano's ultra-Plinian eruption in June 1991 produced the second largest terrestrial eruption of the 20th century (after the 1912 eruption of Novarupta) and the largest eruption in living memory.[4] The colossal 1991 eruption had a Volcanic Explosivity Index (VEI) of 6, and came some 450500 years after the volcano's last known eruptive activity (estimated as VEI 5, the level of the 1980 eruption of Mount St. Helens), and some 1000 years after previous VEI 6 eruptive activity.[5] Successful predictions of the onset of the climactic eruption led to the evacuation of tens of thousands of people from the surrounding areas, saving many lives, but surrounding areas were severely damaged by pyroclastic flows, ash deposits, and later by lahars caused by rainwater remobilizing earlier volcanic deposits: thousands of houses and other buildings were destroyed.[4] The effects of the eruption were felt worldwide. It ejected roughly 10 billion metric tonnes (10 cubic kilometres) of magma, and 20 million tons of SO2, bringing vast quantities of minerals and metals to the surface environment. It injected large amounts of aerosols into the stratospheremore than any eruption since that of Krakatoa in 1883. Over the following months, the aerosols formed a global layer of sulfuric acid haze. Global temperatures dropped by about 0.5 C (0.9 F), and ozone depletion temporarily increased substantially.

MOUNT HIBOK-HIBOK
Hibok-Hibok volcano, also called Catarman, has a summit formed of loose ejectamenta. It has several craterlets at or near its crest, some representing shallow lakes. The present crateral area at the northeast slope facing Mambajao was mined for sulfur before the volcano's activity in 1948. Rock is normal andesite with augite, little hypersthene and olivine. Plagioclase is oligoclase with little labradorite. Some lavas contain horn blende. The first recorded eruption of Hibok-Hibok ocurred in 1827. This was followed by similar activity in 1862. Both eruptions caused destruction to arable lands. In January 1871, earthquakes and subterranean rumbling sounds disturbed the north end of Camiguin island. Landslides and fissuring destroyed trees and plantations. When the swarm of earthquake ceased in April of the same year, an explosion followed accompanied by a shower of rocks, dust, and ashes. Destruction was complete within a radius of 3 km from the new vent. The eruption continued for a week, and a volcanic dome called Vulcan began to form 3.5 km from the general area of Hibok-Hibok. After four years of activity, the adventive lava dome reached a height of 457 m with a base nearly 1.5 km in diameter. Vulcan is quiet at present and appears to have been unaffected by the activity of the adjacent Hibok-Hibok. Vulcan's activity has been limited to emission of small amounts of steam from crevices at the top of the dome. In 1897, the area occupied by the present dome of Hibok-Hibok emitted white sulfurous vapors which ruined agricultural lands. Solfataric activity continued up to 1902 when a thunder storm occurred around the volcano and a new solfataric vent formed opposite the crest. Frequent subterranean sounds were noted during the activity which lasted for 8 to 10 days. The last activity of Hibok-Hibok started in August 1948, with a series of earth tremors. The landslides and earthquakes were climaxed by the crateral outburst in September 1953, Hibok-Hibok has been in more or less continous activity punctuated by eruptive phases. In every few years of activity, Hibok-Hibok seems to follow a cycle of behavior consisting of : 1. A short period of smoke emission from the crater and avalanche of volcanic materials with or without accompanying tremors; 2. Explosions or steam blasts with emission of heavy clouds of steam, ashes and other fragmentary volcanic materials 3. Disorging of incandescent materials and emission of ash and smoke in large quantities; and 4. Decrease in amount of smoke and other ejecta from the crater. The whole cycle covers a period of 9 to 14 months. Cold and hot mud flows, or lahars, had developed, especially after heavy rains, so that now they pose another hazard to inhabitants living near the drainage channels of the volcano.

Kanlaon
Kanla-on, variously referred to as Kanlaon Volcano and Mount Kanla-on (also spelled Canlaon), is an active volcano in the Philippines. A stratovolcano on Negros island, it straddles the provinces of Negros Occidental and Negros Oriental in the Visayas region (1024.7'N, 1237.9'E), approximately 36 kilometers southeast of Bacolod City. It is one of the active volcanos in the Philippines, part of the Pacific ring of fire. Physical features Kanlaon has an elevation of 2,435 meters and a base diameter of 30 km and is dotted with pyroclastic cones and craters. The summit of Kanlaon contains a broad elongated northern caldera with a crater lake. A smaller but more active crater lies in the south. The volcano has three hot springs on its slopes: Mambucal Hot Springs on the northwest, Bucalan Hot Spring, Bungol Hot Spring. Its adjacent volcanic edifices are Mt. Silay and Mt. Mandalagan, north of Kanlaon. Canlaon City now stands beside the mountain. Eruptions The most active volcano in central Philippines, Kanlaon has erupted 25 times since 1886. Eruptions are typically phreatic explosions of small-to-moderate size that produce minor ashfalls near the volcano. On August 10, 1996, Kanlaon erupted without warning, killing British student Julian Green and Filipinos Noel Tragico and Neil Perez, who were among 24 mountain climbers who were trapped near the summit. The authorities rescued the 17 others, including 10 Belgians, another Briton and six Filipinos.

Bulusan Volcano
Bulusan Volcano is located at the south central part of Sorsogon Province. It covers a surface area roughly 400 sq. km. and towers to about 1559 m. above sea level. The volcano forms part of the Bicol Volcanic Chain which stretches from Camarines Norte in the north to Sorsogon in the south. The chain, sometimes called volcanic belt, is composed of active and geologically young volcanoes most probably related to the Philippine Trench. Bulusan is clasified as a composite volcano and is made up of lava flows and domes. It is flanked by several cones namely: Mt. Homahan, Mt. Binactan, Mt. Batuan, Mt. Juban, Mt. Calaunan, Mt. Tabon-Tabon, Mt. Calungalan and Mt. Jormajan. Beside the active volcano is an old ridge called Sharp Peak which is 1215 m. high and 1.8 km. to the northeast. Between Bulusan and Jormajan is theNatakop lava dome. The earliest recorded eruption of Bulusan Volcano occured in 1852. This was followed by periods of eruptive activity in 1886, then 1892, and in 1894. Another 22 years elapsed before Bulusan showed signs of restiveness. On January 16, 1916, the volcano ejected mud and ash for five days, thereby triggering landslides. The volcano's eruptive activity from Oct. 1918 to March 1919 was characterized by dust emissions and lava outpourings. Bulusan's series of 17 eruptions during May 1919 to May 1922 were of short duration ranging from 15 to 30 minutes each. Other eruptions were recorded in June 1928 and Dec. 25, 1933 and then the volcano rested for 45 years. On June 28, 1978, it suddenly ejected ashladen steam clouds which formed in a dark column of smoke 1500 m. high. Andesitic baalt ash was ejected and blown by winds to as far as Barcelona in the northeast about 15 km. from the volcano. The eruptions which followed in 1979, 1980, 1981 and 1983 were all pheatric and as mild as the previous ones. A total of 60 barangays within the territorial jurisdiction of six municipalities (Barcelona, Bulusan, Casiguran, Gubat, Irosin and Juban) are covered by the Bulusan Volcano hazard zones established by PHIVOLCS. These barangays lie within 4-10 km. from the summit of Bulusan Volcano.

Mount Musuan of Calayo

Location : Bukidnon Latitude : 7 52'N Longitude : 125 04'E Height from S.L. : 646 Type of Volcano : Essentially a tuff cone Known Eruptions : 1886 or 1887 Type of Activity : Main Rock Type : Musuan or Calayao volcano is an isolated tuff cone amidst a relatively flat, agriculturally rich terrain. It is vegetated from foot to summit with cogon grasses. Some trees thrive sparingly in its northeastern side. Its peak is flat and nearly circular with a diameter of 10-15 m. Jesuit Father, Eusebio Barado who traveled across the island of Mindanao from Misamis to Cotobato in 1891, reported Calayo's eruption some four years ago, and its emission of sulfurous vapors which burned everything around it. Musuan Volcano came into limelight when a swarm of fairly strong earthquakes rocked Valencia, Bukidnon, a municipality 4.5 km north of the volcano, from November 13 to 16, 1976. The event followed three major earthquakes that hit the Mindanao region (Cotobato Earthquakes of August 16 and 17, Magnitude 7, 9 and 6,8 respectively, and Surigao Earthquake of November 7, Magnitude 6,8), giving the impression that the swarm resulted from crustal or magmatic movement in the volcano, following what could be considered as part of the crustal readjustment process in the region. In the investigation conducted on November 21-30, 19 local tremors of varying magnitudes were recorded (A temporary seismograph was installed 4.5 km from the volcano during the period). Of these, 4 were perceptible. All the tremors resembled deep volcanic earthquakes with S-P measured at about 1.0 sec.

Babuyan Claro
Babuyan Claro is a volcano located in the Babuyan Islands, an archipelago in the Luzon Strait north of Luzon Island, in the Philippines. It is separated from Luzon by the Babuyan Channel, and from the Batanes Islands to the north by the Balintang Channel. It is in the province of Cagayan in the Cagayan Valley Region. Babuyan Claro is classified by volcanologists as a stratovolcano with an elevation of 843 m (2,766 ft) and a base diameter of 920 m (3,018 ft).[1] It has one hot spring called Askedna Hot Spring which is located at the southern basal slope of Babuyan Claro. It has a temperature range of 44.6 to 50.2C. The water in Askedna hot spring is slightly acidic and the silica content is relatively high since the spring flows directly from lava flow deposits. The spring water can be classified as near-neutral sodium chloridebrine.[1] Babuyan Claro has four morphologically-fresh volcanic edifices: Mt. Cayonan in the south, Mt. Naydi and Mt. Dionisio in the southeast and Mt. Pangasun, a stratovolcano which has two very well-preserved craters 300 and 400 m in diameter Babuyan Claro has erupted on four occasions in historical times: in 1831, 1860, 1913 and 1917. All eruptions were either strombolian or phreatomagmatic.[1] In July 1993, there were reports of earthquakes and an alleged drying up of vegetation at the upper slopes and summit area of the volcano butvolcanologists said the earthquakes were of tectonic origins and there was no significant change in the volcanic activity.[1] In February 2004, there were reports of grayish steam clouds hovering above the summit but volcanologists from the Philippines Institute of Volcanology and Seismology (Phivolcs) said the seismic swarm was of tectonic origin and the steaming activity was only wispy to weak. [1] Babuyan Claro is one of the Active volcanos in the Philippines and is part of the Pacific Ring of Fire.

Mount Banahaw
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Mount Banahaw (alternative spelling: Banhao) is one of the active volcanos in the Philippines. Part of a volcanic group, it is located along the boundary of Laguna andQuezon provinces, on the island of Luzon, in the Philippines. The mountain and its environs are considered sacred by the local residents because of its "holy water", which allegedly have beneficial qualities, issuing forth from local springs and its "puwesto s, or the "holy sites". These are composed of unique, natural features such as rocks, caves and springs with shrines erected in, on or around them, their location having been revealed to a man in the Spanish Era by the "Santo Boses" or the "Holy Voice". It has another of this mountain and it was named as Mount Banahaw de Lucban. Physical characteristics

Height: 2,158 m asl Crater: breached by 1.5 km x 3.5 km at its southern rim; 210 m deep Etymology 1.The term Banahaw is not known to many people but some beliefs attribute it to the description of a holy being. This mountain has a rock with the footprint of an unknown being and supposedly, this was the origin of the name of the mountain. Banahaw is very close to the modernTagalog words banal (holy, sacred, divine) and daw (a word used in quoting another speaker; when appended to sentences, daw indicates slight disbelief or uncertainty in the veracity of the quotation's content). Combined, the two words mean "[it is] probably/supposedly sacred". The way the phrase was transcribed in Baybayin, the ancient syllabary used in writing Tagalog prior to the introduction of the Latin alphabet, finally produced the term " Banahaw ". Hiking activity on Banahaw Mt. Banahaw is a traditional pilgrimage site for locals, considered by many to be a "holy mountain" or spiritually-charged location. It is also popular among mountain climbers being the closest >2000-meter mountain to Manila. Hiking activity peaks during Holy Week of each year, with climbers numbering in the thousands. At least four trails exist, from Dolores, Sariaya, and other towns in Quezon. The most frequently trails are the Cristalino and the Tatlong Tangke, taking an average of 9 and 5 hours, respectively. These two trails originate from Barangay Kinabuhayan, Dolores, and meet near the summit of Banahaw. At the summit, which is actually a rim encircling the caldera, viewpoints are numbered as Durungawan I,II, and III. These viewpoints are the usual destination for pilgrims and hikers. Other points of interest include the "Kuweba ng Diyos Ama" (Tagalog: Cave of God the Father) and the spring at Brgy. Kinabuhayan, said to have curative powers. Pollution Due to incessant climbing activity, the mountain trails have become littered with trash. In March 2004, the Department of Environment and Natural Resources ordered a 5-year suspension of hiking activity in the mountains, covering the Dolores and Sariaya trails. It is scheduled for reopening on 2010

Binubulauan
Elevation
2,329 m (7,641 ft)

Binubulauan, is a remote stratovolcano, part of the volcanic Cordillera Central mountain range. Binubulauan is in the province of Kalinga, in the Cordillera Administrative Region, one of the regions of the Philippines, in the central north of the island of Luzon, in thePhilippines. The Philippines Institute of Volcanology and Seismology (PHIVOLCS) lists Binubulauan (under a variant spelling) as one of the Philippines' inactive volcanoes.[1] Details given on the PHIVOLCS website[1] are: Name Binuluan, Co-ordinates N 1715' E 12108', Province Kalinga-Apayo, RegionCordillera Administrative Region, Elevation 2329 meters ASL.[1] PHIVOLCS also lists Ambalatungan at almost the same location. [1] The Smithsonian Institution's Global Volcanism Program does not list Binubulauan separately but includes Binuluan as a cone subfeature in the listing for Ambalatungan:[2] A little-known cluster of volcanoes in the Cordillera Central of northern Luzon is known as Ambalatungan by Alvir (1956)[3] and the Philippine Commission of Volcanology (1981) and as Mount Binuluan by Wolfe (1982, pers. comm.). The dacitic Ambalatungan Group was described as consisting of three volcanoes constructed along a roughly E-W line. Ambalatungan volcano proper contains a steep-walled crater with hot springs and vigorous sulfur-encrusted fumarolic vents that produce loud noises. Bumabag volcano, 3 km east of Ambalatungan, has two craters that also show strong fumarolic activity. Podakan volcano, 1 km SE of Bumabag, also has a large steam vent. A possible steam eruption was reported from 2329-mhigh Mount Binuluan (whose relationship to the previously mentioned volcanoes is unclear) in 1952, during which a sulfur-rich debris flow killed a dozen people In 2007 and 2008, ninety and one hundred year old elders in Tinglayan and Tulgao said the loss of life in 1952 was caused by an eruption during a typhoon with the collapse of a natural earth bank below Sugo-oc fumarole field, high on the northern side of the Bunog River valley, with the consequent mudslide burying a few houses below and killing maybe 12 people or thereabouts. Sugo-oc is on the southern flank and is largely inaccessible from the northern and western flanks of Binubulauan. Also Sugo-oc is not mentioned by name or description in the Smithsonian's listing. If information about the 'eruption' had been originally obtained from the Pasil River valley people, there could have been some difficulty in explaining to non-Kalingan people the precise location of the fatalities and their cause in a different, unconnected, valley. In 2007 and 2008, people in southern Kalinga around Binubulauan spoke of an 'eruption' at Sugo-oc in 1986 or 1987. During the Abra earthquake at 20:16 hours on Sunday 13 January 2008, buildings in Tinglayan shook and windows rattled for about 10 seconds. When speaking in English, the locals there at the time called this an 'eruption'. Gentle questioning of locals over months led to the conclusion that there are difficulties in communicating the difference between an eruption and an earthquake. Further inquiries in southern Kalinga in December 2008 - January 2009 resulted in reports that there was an earthquake in 1986 which was felt throughout Labuagan Municipality and Tinglayan Municipality, and at the same time there was an eruption at Sugo-oc resulting in the ejection of ash and rock from Sugo-oc. Three people in Dananao village were killed by ejected rock during this eruption. Because of the eruption and deaths, there was a large migration out of Dananao village with the Dananao people taking possession of land on the Tubuk to Aurora road in eastern Kalinga and resettling there. Further details will be sought during a field expedition to Dananao and Sugo-oc when current intertribal unrest decreases. Details about the eruption in 1952 are still scant. There may have been an eruption or there may have been a lahar at the Sugo-oc sulfur fumarole field located near the villages of Dananao and Sumadel, with loss of some dwellings and about 12 lives. There was a projectile eruption at the same location in 1986 killing three people.

Bud Dajo
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Bud Dajo (Tausg: Bd Dahu; Spanish: Bud Daj), one of the active volcanos in the Philippines, is located 8.05 aerial km southeast of the town of Jolo, on the Philippine island of Jolo. It last erupted in 1897.

Physical Features Elevation: 0.62 km Base Diameter: 9.5 km Type of Volcano: Cinder Cone Crater Lakes/Caldera/Maars: Lake Panamao Adjacent Volcanic Edifices: Matanding (400 m asl, NE) Guimba (482 m asl, E) and Sungal (518 m asl, SE) Geological Features Rock Type: Basalt Tectonic Setting: Sulu Arc Volcanic Activity Number of Historical Eruptions: 2 Year: 1641 and 1897 Eruption Type: phreatic Current hotsprings Phivolcs Monitoring Activity Short-term monitoring (seismic and visuals) surveys were conducted in 1993 and in 1997. No unusual activities were observed within the vicinity of the volcano.

Cagua Volcano
Elevation Type Age of rock
Volcanic arc/belt 1,133 m (3,717 ft) Stratovolcano Pleistoscene Babuyan (Bashi) Segment of LuzonTaiwan Arc 1907
[1]

Last eruption

Cagua Volcano is one of the active volcanoes of the Philippines. It has erupted twice in recorded history.

Geography
Cagua, one of the active volcanoes in the Philippines, is located in the province ofCagayan. Specifically, it lies in the Cagayan Valley region, of northern Luzon island. Part of the Cordillera del Kate, a sub-group of the Caraballo Mountains,[2] it lies in a region of active volcanism which probably originates from a fault between Babuyanes and Luzon.[3]Though there is a more evident seismic record between northeast Luzon and the islands, volcanoes occur on the northwestern side of the island. Evidence of a correlation between the two islands includes agglomerates from multiple volcanoes and pebbles of andesitic lava throughout the region.[3]

Geology
Activity of the early Pleistocene erupted basaltic andesite or effusive basalt. The volcano was covered by enormous lava flows from 600,000 to 300,000 years ago. It has seen activity ranging from phreatic eruptions to ash flows. The volcano is topped by a 1.5 kilometers (1 mi) wide crater marked by sharp and precipitous walls. It has six hot springs. Maasok near the crater; Marafil in the northwest; Manaring, 5 kilometres (3.1 mi) north-northeast; San Jose, 10 km (6.2 mi) north-northeast; Kabinlangan, 3 km (1.9 mi) northwest and Paminta, 2 km (1.2 mi) north-northwest.

Eruptive activity
Two historical eruptions have taken place at the volcano. Activity in 1860 was largely phreatic though it was possibly followed by a pyroclastic flow. Renewed solfatariceruptions took place in 1907.

Camiguin de Babuyanes
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Camiguin de Babuyanes is an active stratovolcano on Camiguin Island, part of theBabuyan Islands group that is located in Luzon Strait, north of the island of Luzon, in thePhilippines. The volcano and the island is within the jurisdiction of the municipality ofCalayan , in the province of Cagayan.

Physical features The well-forested Mount Camiguin or Camiguin de Babuyanes, to distinguish it from Camiguin of Mindanao, has an elevation of 712 metres (2,336 ft) asl, and a base diameter of 3,200 metres (10,500 ft). It occupies the SW tip of 22-km (14-mile) long Camiguin Island. Fumaroles are found on the southwest, west, and east flanks of the volcano and a boiling spring is located near sea level on the western flank of the volcano.[1] The Philippine Institute of Volcanology and Seismology (PHILVOCS) lists Camiguin de Babuyanes as one of the active volcanos in the Philippines. All volcanoes in the Philippines are part of the Pacific ring of fire. Eruptions An eruption was recorded around 1857. It was reported as phreatic and possibly partly submarine. In 1991, there were reports of volcanic activity but instrumental investigations showed no sign of unusual volcanic activity, such as intense fumarolic activity, felt earthquakes, fissuring at the volcanos slopes, or smell of sulphur. Another report of volcanic unrest was reported in 1993 but an aerial survey of the volcano proved no signs of activity.[2] Geology Formation of the island started during the Pliocene era with an andesitic volcano, followed by the subsidiary cones of Minabul to the north and Caanoan in the eastern part of the island. The southern part of the island consists of three volcanic centers located traversing a SSE-NNW line, Mount Camiguin stratovolcano and the young andesitic lava domes of Mts. Malabsing and Pamoctan

Dequey (submarine volcano)

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Elevation Type Age of rock Volcanic arc/belt Last eruption

-24 metres (79 ft)[1] Submarine volcano[1] recent Taiwan-Luzon Volcanic Arc 1854[1]

Dequey (Undersea), is an unnamed submarine volcano near Dequey island in the Philippines

Location
The volcano is located 3 kilometres (2 miles) due west of Dequey island (geocode +20.3333, +121.7833), one of the Batanes Islands, in the province of Batanes, in the Cagayan ValleyRegion, in the Philippines, within the Luzon Strait between Luzon and Taiwan. It is located at the southernmost end of the Batanes Islands at latitude 20.33N (2020'0"N), longitude 121.75E (12145'0"E).

Physical features
The volcano is a submarine volcano rising to within 24 metres of the sea surface. It is one of the active volcanos in the Philippines.

Eruptions
Submarine eruptions reported in 1773, 1850, and 1854 are likely to have originated from this volcano. There have been no further reports since 1854.

Listings
The Global Volcanism Program lists it as an unnamed historically active volcano.[1] Philippine Institute of Volcanology and Seismology(PHIVOLCS) lists [2] 22 active volcanoes in the Philippines, but has not included this unnamed volcano, or any volcanic activity at this geographical location. Volcanos of the Philippines are all part of the Pacific ring of fire.

Didicas Volcano
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Didicas Volcano is an active volcano in the Philippines which emerged from the sea in 1952. The resulting island is located 22 km NE of Camiguin Island, in the Babuyan Islands, in the province of Cagayan, in the Cagayan Valley Region, in the Luzon Strait north of the island ofLuzon, in the Philippines.

Physical Features
Didicas was initially a submarine volcano, and is classified as a dome volcano with an elevation of 228 meters and a base diameter of 1,200 meters at sea level.

Volcanic Activity
Didicas has erupted in 1773, 1856-1857, 1900, 1952, 1969, 1978 (January 6-9), and 1990. It is one of the active volcanos in the Philippineswhich are all part of the Pacific ring of fire.

Elevation
Location

1,009 m (3,310 ft)

Batanes, Philippines
Stratovolcano Quaternary Babuyan (Bashi) Segment of Luzon-Taiwan Arc 1454

Type Age of rock

Volcanic arc/belt

Mount Iraya
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Last eruption

Location
Iraya is located on Batan Island, one of the Batanes Islands, in the province of Batanes, in the Luzon Strait, north of the island of Luzon, in the Philippines. It is the northernmost active volcano in the Philippines.

Physical features
Iraya is a heavily forested stratovolcano, with an elevation of 1,009 metres (3,310 ft) asl, and a base diameter of 5,500 metres (18,000 ft). Adjacent volcanic edifice is Mt. Matarem.

Volcanic activity
Mount Iraya last erupted in 1454, and the Philippine Institute of Volcanology and Seismology (Phivolcs) considers it as one of the active volcanos in the Philippines. In 1998, volcanologists recorded seismic swarms which led them to form a monitoring network on Batan Island for several months. After the swarms of tremors had diminished, the temporary stations in Brgy. San Joaquin in Basco, Batanes and another near the crater, were pulled out. Seismicity or any activity relating to Iraya is still monitored by the Basco Seismological Station. Volcanos of the Philippines are all part of the Pacific ring of fire.

Leonard Kniazeff Elevation Location Type Last eruption 1,190 m (3,904 ft)[1] Mindanao, Philippines Stratovolcano 120 AD 100 years [1]

Leonard Kniaseff
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Leonard Kniazeff is a stratovolcano located in the Compostela Valley, within the province of Davao del Norte, Island of Mindanao, Philippines. It has a 203 km diameter caldera lake called Lake Leonard. Amacan Thermal Area is located 5 cadastral km SSW of Lake Leonard. Leonard Kniazeff is one of the active volcanos in the Philippines, part of the Pacific ring of fire. Activity The Leonard Kniazeff (North Davao) area has been the object of a geothermal exploration program. Manat thermal area is located north of Lake Leonard, solfataras occur around its SW rim, and active solfataras, fumaroles, and hot springs are found in the Amacan-Gopod thermal area south of the lake. There was a scare in 1995 but PHIVOLCS investigation at the time did not disclose any unusual activity, and no unusual activity has been reported since.

Elevation Location Type Last eruption

1,940 m (6,365 ft) Mindanao, Philippines Stratovolcano 1882

Mount Makaturing
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Makaturing, is a stratovolcano on Mindanao island in the Philippines. It is found in the province of Lanao del Sur (particularly in the town of Butig) in the Autonomous Region in Muslim Mindanao. Makaturing has an elevation of 1,940 metres (6,365 ft) and a base diameter of 29 km (18 mi). It is part of a string of volcanos called the Central Mindanao Arc.

Eruptions
There is still some controversy on the number of times Makaturing erupted. The Philippine Institute of Volcanology and Seismology lists 10 eruptions with the last one occurring on March 18, 1882. But the Smithsonian Institution's Global Volcanology Program, citing the Catalog of Active Volcanoes of the World (Neumann van Padang, 1953), suggests that some eruptions were actually those of neighboring Ragangvolcano. Makaturing is one of the active volcanos in the Philippines. All are part of the Pacific Ring of Fire.

Mount Matutum
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Matutum is an active volcano in the Philippines.

Location
Matutum is located in the province of South Cotabato, on the island of Mindanao, in the south of the Philippines, at geographical coordinates 622'N, 12506.5'E.[2] It is 15 km north of Polomolok, and about 30 km north-northwest of General Santos City

Physical features
Matutum is a stratovolcano that rises 2,286 meters asl with a base diameter of 25 km.[5] It has 2 hot springs, called Akjmoan and Linan, 5.7 km west-southwest of the volcano. Adjacent volcanic edifices are Landayao, Tampad, and Albulhek, which are all west of the volcano, and Magolo to the north. There is a well-preserved 320 metre wide crater at the volcano's summit. The crater is breached by three gorges and has a 120 metre deep, densely forested floor.[2]

Eruptions
Volcanologists suspect that Matutum may have had a phreatic explosion on March 7, 1911.[5] Matutum is one of the active volcanos in the Philippines. All are part of the Pacific ring of fire.

Mount Parker (Cotabato)

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Mount Parker, locally known as Melibengoy, is a stratovolcano on Mindanao island in thePhilippines (606.8' N, 12453.5' E). It is located in the province of south Cotabato, 30 kilometers west of General Santos City and 44 kilometers south of Koronadal City. The volcano is believed to have been named after an American pilot who crashed at the volcano while he was surveying and mapping the area.

Physical features
The volcano has an elevation of 1,784 meters and a base diameter of 40 km. It has a 2.9-km-wide caldera with steep walls that rise 200-500m above the crater lake that is now called Lake Maughan. The lake, which is officially called Lake Holon, was named after another American who was with Parker when he crashed. Melibengoy is considered one of the sacred places of the T'boli tribe. It hosts a rare species, Parantica dannatti reyesi, which was discovered by the late Professor Josue de los Reyes of Notre Dame of Marbel University and published in the Entomological Journal of Senckerburg Research Institute in December 1994. Government officials have also confirmed sightings of the Philippine Tarsier, Tarsius syrichta which can supposedly be found in the barangays surrounding Lake Holon.

Eruptions
Mount Parker is believed to have erupted thrice over the past 3,800 years, the last one on January 4, 1641. The 1641 eruption caused the formation of the crater lake. On September 6, 1995, local officials reported what they believed was volcanic activity at Lake Maughan. The alleged activity caused landslides and floodings along Ga-o River which drains Lake Maughan and joins Allah River in the north. Due to this phenomenon, thePhilippine Institute of Volcanology and Seismology installed monitoring equipment which established that the so-called activity was man-made. Less than a year after the 1995 activity, a temporary dam was formed at about 250 m from the outlet of Lake Maughan, alarming the residents within the area due to fear of flashfloods. The deposited debris dammed the flowing Ga-o River and caused the lake level to rise by about 6 meters. Mount Parker (Melibengoy), is one of the active volcanoes in the Philippines, which are all part of the Pacific ring of fire.