WHAT IS COMUNICATION: The word communication is taken from the Latin word communis, it means to make common, to convey

,to talk, to share an idea between two or more than two individuals. All the acts of listening, speaking, reading, writing , facial expression, etc allow an individual to communicate his thoughts, ideas and feelings to other people. So it is a transmission of some information from one person to another. W. H. Newman defines communication in this fashion , communication is an exchange of facts , opinions , idea and emotions between two or more persons. Communication is a two way process. There must be a sender to send a message and a receiver to receive. If a person speaks something and there is no one to receive, it is no communication. In a communication situation an idea is born in the mind of the individual. He feels the need to convey the idea to another person in the form of a message. He selects a suitable channel or medium through which the message will be conveyed. The receiver receives the message and understands it. He than sends a message to the sender which is called the FEEDBACK. This feedback completes the process of communication. Communication is unsuccessful if the sender does not get the feedback from the receiver. Thus, we see that communication is a two-way process. Communication needs both the sender and receiver to play their respective roleas logically.

Communication is an important facet of life. Communication skills are essential in all spheres of life. Be it an interview or dealing with the project leader or working out a solution with a team or writing a report, getting across the point effectively is what matters. The success of an endeavor hinges on the ability to communicate effectively in today's fast paced life, everyone is asked to do more with less. In such a scenario effective communication holds the key. Effectively communication centers round the usage of words, speed of delivery of words, pitch modulation and body language. Using the right tools to communicate the right messages at the right time can salvage a crises and motivate people to work towards success. Truly said, communication works but for those who work at it. In the existing globalization scenario, most of the Information Technology, I.T Enabled Services, management institutes, public and private sector, multi-

national Companies, Union Public Service Commission, and State Public Service Commission are search for a right and suitable fresher for executive posts. People in organisations usually spends 75 percent of their daily time on communication through writing, reading, listening, speaking, inter-debate etc. Effective communication is an essential component for organisation success, whether it is the interpersonal intra group organisation or external levels. A recent newspaper report said that our of very hundred interviews, only five qualified for the employability. It is not that were technically not sound but they lacked in communication skills. Communication skills are as important as technical qualifications for youngsters aiming at a bright career. Communications hold the key. Poor communication skills, low confidence levels and improper body language have resulted out in the job race. The person recruited will have to deal with the global clients directly.

Effective communication is necessary for the following reasons:1) It serves as a link between the workers and the management of an organization. 2) No business can flourish without smooth and effective commnication. 3) It promotes understanding and co-operation among people. 4) Effective communication is very important for supervision. 5) Communication is necessary for negotiation. 6) It is important for motivating an individual to perform better. 7) Day to day activities cannot be carried out without effective communication.

Communication cycle.

(1) An idea in the mind of the sender

(7) The original sender understands the feedback & the cycle is complete.

(2) The sender encodes the idea

(6) The original sender decodes the feedback

(3) The sender sends the message through a suitable channel

(5) The feedback is dispatched

(4) The receiver receives the message &perhaps a feedback

1) The sender: the process of communication begins with the sender who has a message and he wants to communicate the message to another person. 2) The message: the message is the basic material or starting point in the process of communication. The message should be and well organized. It should be free from ambiguity. 3) Encoding: all letters and words of all languages are symbols or signs. All languages are codes ,so every message is a code. Encoding is the process in which a message is sent in a code, the sender is called the encoder. 4) The medium or channel: communication has to be conveyed through a suitable medium or channel. The channel of communication may be verbal or non-verbal. Verbal communication consists of words, it can be oral or written. Non-verbal communication can be transmitted through Body language or Graphic language. 5) The receiver: communication is a two way process. The sender sends a message and the individual who receives the message is the receiver. 6) Decoding: when a message is received and interpreted ,it is called decoding, the receiver is called decoder or communicatee. The success of a communication largely depends on correct decoding. 7) Feedback or response: the feedback is the last and the most important ring in the chain of communication when the receiver receives and understands a message, some thoughts , feelings, ideas ,etc a rise in his minds. This idea or feeling is sent to the original sender by the receiver himself. This is called the feedback or the response. Feedback is the backbone of the communication cycle as it completes the process of communication. Feedback reflects the success or failure of communication.

Methods of communication:

There are many methods and means to communicate our ideas and thoughts to other people. Primitive people used facial expression and gestures to communication their ideas. In modern time , we have language, audio and audio visual devices through which we can communicate our ideas in a very forceful way. We may also communicate through gestures , posters ,eye-contact, facial expression and even through silence . The following are the principle method of communication:The verbal communication:Communication between two individuals or two groups or between one individual and one group with the help of words or speeches is called verbal communication. In such cases the sender sends a message with the help of words or speeches and the receiver receives and understands the message. He then sends a response or feedback to the original sender. A telephonic conversation where both the sender and the receiver understand the same language is a verbal communication. Classroom lectures, disussions in groups, written statements , letters, notices are all examples of verbal communication. Feedback or response from the reciver is a must for all sorts of communication. For example- an English man speaks to an Indian who doesnt understands English is no communication because no feedback will follow. The non-verbal communication:Non verbal communication takes place without the help of words spoken or written. Under these methods, ideas, feelings, messages are communicated with the help of gestures, postures, eye contact, facial expression, maps, charts , sign, symbols, drawings, etc. it is to be kept in mind that oral communication becomes more forceful and interesting if support by suitable body language. Though the scope of non verbal communication is limited, yet certain ideas and feelings

could be communicated more. A sweet smile indicates friendliness , along face sends the signal of disappointment, the red-light in the traffic signal orders to stop a vehicle. The actors and dancers communicate much more through their body language than through speech. Non-verbal can be classified as : 1) Body language: body language is a term used for the method of communication through different parts of our body. The use of body language is very important in oral and face to face communication. It has no role to play in written communication. Body language includes communication by gestures, postures, facial expressions, touch, silence..

Gestures: it means the movement of different parts of our body in different style. It makes oral communication interesting and convincing. In fact oral communication becomes dull and boring unless supported by adequate gestures. Some examples of gestures are as under: 1) A closed fist shows anger. 2) A sweet smile indicates friendliness. 3) Thumping on table while negotiating shows confidence. 4) Showing thumb is to wish good luck.

Posture: it means the position of the body and the limbs of the communicator during the process of communication. Standing straight on two legs indicates courage and confidence. Looking at the ceiling, lack of eye contact, moving to and fro restlessly indicates lack of confidence.

Facial expression: face is the mirror of the mind. Each ficial expression sends some signals. A long face indicates dismay and disappointment , a sweet smile shows friendliness , raised eyebrows indicates suspicion or anger. Facial expressions play an important role in acting and dancing. Touch: communication through touch is possible when both the sender and the receiver are in close proximity a gentle pat on the back of a junior by a senior indicates approval and encouragement .The pets express happiness by closing eyes or wagging tails when caressed by their masters.

Silence: silence speaks louder than words. Silence indicates strong feelings of love , hatred , etc. we cry or shout when the intensity of pain is moderate. But heavy blow of bad luck makes us speechless.

Dress and appearance: attractive physical features with clean and smart dress makes a communicator a welcome guest to everybody. But a lethargic person with dirty and unkempt outfits as a :NONO to everybody.

2) The visual communication: signs, symbols ,posters, charts etc are widely used to convey some kind of information. Though the scope of such communication is narrow ,yet certain information could be communicated more forcefully than verbal communication. Road sign, traffic signals, charts ,graphs, pictures, etc are widely used as aids for communication. These visual aids attract attraction and transmit a message more clearly and convincingly. 3) The audio-visual communication: it is the medium of communication is very powerful now a days . Under this arrangement, the receiver gets the opportunity to both watch and listen to a message. The television and films are the two major audio-visual communication aids. Communication through audio-visual creates more vivid and lasting impression in the mind of the receiver. This method has the combined advantages of pictures, movement sound and music. Different message could be communicated even to semi-educated and illustrate people through audio-visual devices.

Barriers to communication: The difficulties or obstacles that come in the way of effective communication are barriers to communication. The barriers prevent the proper flow of communication and leads to misunderstanding and errors. We may classify these barriers into four distinct categories as under:1) Mechanical barriers. 2) Physical barriers. 3) Psychological barriers. 4) The language or semantic barrier. 1)Mechanical barrier- The absence of proper facilities or utilization of defective equipments, instruments, etc. Creative mechanical barriers to communication. Noise coming out from any machine is treated as mechanical barrier. The following are some of the factors that create mechanical barrier:1) Defective telephone. 2) Faulty public address equipments. 3) Failure of electricity. 4) Failure of loud speaker. 5) Rolling of pictures on television.

Physical barrier: Environmental disturbances like noise, distance , hostile , weather, etc cause physical barrier to communication. Traffic noise ,sound of type write, ringing of bells, loud speakers, bursting of crackers, etc do not allow the sender to send a message properly and the receiver to receive and understand the message fully. Distance also acts as a barrier to communication. Students, sitting, on the last benches usually find it difficult to listen to the teacher due to distance.

Psychological barrier:- The relative differences between the sender and the receiver in terms of their ability to communicate, command over language , social status, mind set, beliefs, prejudice emotion, attitude ,fear ,tension ,resistance to change etc . acts as psychological barrier to communication .The difference in status among employees create communication barrier .The top executives think it below their dignity to share all information with junior employees .The workers on the other hand ,think it better to maintain a safe distance from senior officers. Prejudge and bias cloud the reasoning power of any individual .Fear and tension may prevent an individual to understand a message properly. Some person are very angry if something told against his religions faith. All these thing create psychological barrier to communication.

Language or semantic barrier:-The language or semantic barrier rises when the sender and the receiver try to communicate in a language which they themselves do not understand properly. Lack of understanding may lead both the sender and the receiver to confusion and error. A lot of words have more than one meaning. Many a time , the receiver does not take the meaning of a word in the same sense with which the sender sends. For example: words like cell, bear, hang, sanction, exploitation, etc have different meanings. Communication may suffer if such words are not interpreted in correct manner.