Lecture 9 Shear in Beams

Heavy loads on concrete beams produce diagonal shear cracks as shown below:

Shear cracks in areas of high shear

Column (typ.)

Cracking in beams is normal and indicates the tension bars are actually working. Excessive cracking needs to be controlled by additional bars called stirrups placed perpendicular to the cracks as shown below:

Stirrup bars spanning crack Stirrup bar spacing, s

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Stirrups may take the shape of the following typical configurations:

Design for Shear in Concrete Beams Vertical shear is carried by the concrete shear capacity and the shear capacity provided by the stirrups. In other words: Vu (from shear diagram) < Vc + Vs where: Vu = factored vertical shear determined at a distance d away from the face of support = 0.75 Vc = shear strength of concrete = 2 f ' c bw d fc = concrete strength, PSI bw = width of beam Vs = shear strength provided by stirrups bars =

Vu Vc

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If Vs < 4 f ' c bw d then Max. stirrup spacing smax = smaller of

d 2
or 24

If 4 f ' c bw d < Vs < 8 f ' c bw d then Max. stirrup spacing smax = smaller of

d 4
or

Stirrups are required when Vu > (Vc) If stirrups are required, s=

12

Av f y d Vs

< Smax

where: Av = area of stirrup bars crossing crack fy = yield strength of stirrup bar (i.e., 60 KSI) d = depth to center of tension bars

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Example GIVEN: A simply-supported concrete beam having the following: (Assume the beam is adequate based on flexure)

Concrete fc = 4000 PSI #3 Grade 60 U-shaped stirrup bars

REQUIRED: Determine stirrup requirements along the length of the beam.

wu = 5.6 KLF (includes beam wt.) Conc. column

12 x 20 concrete beam 20-0

12

#3 U-shaped stirrup bars

d = 18

h = 20

Beam Cross-Section

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Step 1 Determine maximum factored shear Vu at d away from face of support:

Simply-supported beam end reaction =

wu L 2

(5.6 KLF )(20'0" ) 2

d = 18 = 1.5

= 56 KIPS

Vu at distance d from face of support = 56 KIPS 1.5(5.6 KLF) = 47.6 KIPS

wu = 5.6 KLF

Vu = 47.6 KIPS
56 KIPS

0 d = 1.5

Shear Diagram

Step 2 Determine shear strength of concrete Vc:

Vc = 0.75( 2 f ' c bw d )

= 0.75 2 4000 PSI (12" )(18" ) = 20,492 Lbs. = 20.5 KIPS

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Step 3 Determine range where stirrups are required: Stirrups are required when Vu > (Vc) (Vc) = (20.5 KIPS) = 10.25 KIPS wu = 5.6 KLF

Vu = 47.6 KIPS
56 KIPS

(Vc) = 10.25 KIPS 0 -10.25 KIPS d = 1.5

Stirrups required Stirrups not required Stirrups required

0 -47.6 KIPS d = 1.5

Step 4 Determine shear strength provided by stirrups, Vs: Vs = shear strength provided by stirrups bars =

Vu Vc

47.6 KIPS 20.5KIPS 0.75

Vs = 36.1 KIPS

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Step 5 Determine stirrup spacing, s: a) Check if Vs < 4 f ' c bw d 36.1 KIPS < 4 4000 PSI (12" )(18" ) 36.1 KIPS < 54,644 Lbs. YES Then: Max. stirrup spacing smax = smaller of or 24 b) Check spacing requirement: s=
Assumed shear crack

d 18" = = 9 2 2

Av f y d Vs

< Smax

#3 U-shaped stirrup bars

Av = 2(0.11 in2 per #3 bar) = 0.22 in2

2 - #3 bars spanning crack

(0.22in 2 )(60 KSI )(18" ) 36.1KIPS

= 6.6 round down to 6 o.c. 6 < 9 Use #3 Stirrup bars spaced 6 o.c.

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Step 6 Determine number of stirrups assuming only ONE spacing:

wu = 5.6 KLF

Vu = 47.6 KIPS
56 KIPS

(Vc) = 10.25 KIPS 0 -10.25 KIPS d = 1.5

Stirrups required Stirrups not required Stirrups required

0 -47.6 KIPS d = 1.5

Dis tan ce _ where _ stirrups _ required +1 Number of stirrups required = Stirrup _ spacing
47.6 KIPS 10.25KIPS 12" / ft 5.6 KLF +1 = 6" o.c.
= 14.3 stirrups round up to 15 stirrups Use 15 - #3 U-shaped stirrups @ 6 o.c. ea. end of beam

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Step 7 Draw Summary Sketch:

20-0

15 - #3 U-shaped stirrups at ea. end of beam Stirrup bar spacing = 6 o.c. 12

15 - #3 Grade 60 Ushaped stirrup bars @ 6 o.c. at each end of beam

20

Beam Cross-Section

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